def reset(self):
"""Reinitialized all variables in the constructed graph with random
values. If the model is trained, callubg this method will
reset it.
"""
ed.get_session().run(self.init_op)
def _init(self):
ed.get_session().close()
tf.reset_default_graph()
self.losses_ = None
self.converged_ = False
self.tensor_map_ = None
self.criticism_args_ = None
def load(self, directory, name):
"""Loads a model from the disk that was saved beforehand.
"""
sess = ed.get_session()
directory_exp = os.path.expanduser(directory)
self.saver = tf.train.import_meta_graph(directory_exp + name + ".meta")
self.saver.restore(sess, tf.train.latest_checkpoint(directory_exp))
def main(_):
ed.set_seed(42)
# DATA
x_data = np.array([0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1])
# MODEL
p = Beta(1.0, 1.0)
x = Bernoulli(probs=p, sample_shape=10)
# INFERENCE
qp = Empirical(params=tf.get_variable(
"qp/params", [1000], initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.5)))
proposal_p = Beta(3.0, 9.0)
inference = ed.MetropolisHastings({p: qp}, {p: proposal_p}, data={x: x_data})
inference.run()
# CRITICISM
# exact posterior has mean 0.25 and std 0.12
sess = ed.get_session()
mean, stddev = sess.run([qp.mean(), qp.stddev()])
print("Inferred posterior mean:")
print(mean)
print("Inferred posterior stddev:")
print(stddev)
x_post = ed.copy(x, {p: qp})
tx_rep, tx = ed.ppc(
lambda xs, zs: tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(xs[x_post], tf.float32)),
data={x_post: x_data})
ed.ppc_stat_hist_plot(
tx[0], tx_rep, stat_name=r'$T \equiv$mean', bins=10)
plt.show()
def main(_):
ed.set_seed(42)
# DATA. MNIST batches are fed at training time.
(x_train, _), (x_test, _) = mnist(FLAGS.data_dir)
x_train_generator = generator(x_train, FLAGS.M)
x_ph = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [FLAGS.M, 784])
z_ph = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [FLAGS.M, FLAGS.d])
# MODEL
with tf.variable_scope("Gen"):
xf = gen_data(z_ph, FLAGS.hidden_units)
zf = gen_latent(x_ph, FLAGS.hidden_units)
# INFERENCE:
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer()
optimizer_d = tf.train.AdamOptimizer()
inference = ed.BiGANInference(
latent_vars={zf: z_ph}, data={xf: x_ph},
discriminator=discriminative_network)
inference.initialize(
optimizer=optimizer, optimizer_d=optimizer_d, n_iter=100000, n_print=3000)
sess = ed.get_session()
init_op = tf.global_variables_initializer()
sess.run(init_op)
idx = np.random.randint(FLAGS.M, size=16)
i = 0
for t in range(inference.n_iter):
if t % inference.n_print == 1:
samples = sess.run(xf, feed_dict={z_ph: z_batch})
samples = samples[idx, ]
fig = plot(samples)
plt.savefig(os.path.join(FLAGS.out_dir, '{}{}.png').format(
'Generated', str(i).zfill(3)), bbox_inches='tight')
plt.close(fig)
fig = plot(x_batch[idx, ])
plt.savefig(os.path.join(FLAGS.out_dir, '{}{}.png').format(
'Base', str(i).zfill(3)), bbox_inches='tight')
plt.close(fig)
zsam = sess.run(zf, feed_dict={x_ph: x_batch})
reconstructions = sess.run(xf, feed_dict={z_ph: zsam})
reconstructions = reconstructions[idx, ]
fig = plot(reconstructions)
plt.savefig(os.path.join(FLAGS.out_dir, '{}{}.png').format(
'Reconstruct', str(i).zfill(3)), bbox_inches='tight')
plt.close(fig)
i += 1
x_batch = next(x_train_generator)
z_batch = np.random.normal(0, 1, [FLAGS.M, FLAGS.d])
info_dict = inference.update(feed_dict={x_ph: x_batch, z_ph: z_batch})
inference.print_progress(info_dict)
def fit_model(model, observations, POI, fit_type='mle'):
"""
Perform a fit of the model to data
Args:
model (ed.models class): An Edward model
observations (np.ndarray): Data to fit the model to
POI (dict): Parameters of interest to return fit results on
fit_type (str): The minimization technique used
Returns:
fit_result (dict): A dict of the fitted model parameters of interest
"""
# observations is an ndarray of (n_observations, d_features)
# model and data (obsevations) need to have the same size
assert model.get_shape() == observations.shape,\
"The model and observed data features must be of the same shape.\n\
The model passed has shape {0} and the data passed have shape (n_observations, d_features) = {1}".format(
model.get_shape(), observations.shape)
fit_type = fit_type.lower()
if fit_type == 'mle':
# http://edwardlib.org/api/ed/MAP
fit = ed.MAP({}, data={model: observations})
else:
fit = ed.MAP({}, data={model: observations}) # default to mle
fit.run()
sess = ed.get_session()
fit_result = {}
for poi in POI:
fit_result[poi] = sess.run(POI[poi])
return fit_result
def save_graph_parameters(file):
sess = ed.get_session()
trained_vars = []
for var in tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.TRAINABLE_VARIABLES):
trained_vars.append(sess.run(var))
_pickle.dump(trained_vars, open(file, 'wb'))
return file
def predict(samples, outputs, latent_var_dict, input_ph):
"""
:param samples: Data to score
:param outputs: Tensor that represents the outputs
:param latent_var_dict: Dictionary that contains the latent variables in the model.
:param input_ph: Placeholder for the inputs
:return: Predictions
"""
x_post = ed.copy(outputs[-1], latent_var_dict)
sess = ed.get_session()
predictions = np.zeros((samples.shape[0], 3))
for i in range(0, samples.shape[0]):
feed_dict = {}
feed_dict.update(
{key: [value]
for key, value in zip(input_ph, samples[i, :])})
quantile_1, quantile_2, mean = sess.run(
[x_post.quantile(0.025),
x_post.quantile(0.975),
x_post.mean()],
feed_dict=feed_dict)
predictions[i, :] = [quantile_1, mean, quantile_2]
return predictions
def main(_):
ed.set_seed(42)
# DATA
x_data = np.array([0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1])
# MODEL
p = Beta(1.0, 1.0)
x = Bernoulli(probs=p, sample_shape=10)
# COMPLETE CONDITIONAL
p_cond = ed.complete_conditional(p)
sess = ed.get_session()
print('p(probs | x) type:', p_cond.parameters['name'])
param_vals = sess.run(
{
key: val
for key, val in six.iteritems(p_cond.parameters)
if isinstance(val, tf.Tensor)
}, {x: x_data})
print('parameters:')
for key, val in six.iteritems(param_vals):
print('%s:\t%.3f' % (key, val))
def train(self, t_mask, sess=ed.get_session(), batch=50, n_iter=4000):
info_dicts = []
user_indices, item_indices = np.array(np.where(t_mask))
rand_idx = np.random.choice(user_indices.shape[0], batch)
user_indices, item_indices = user_indices[rand_idx], item_indices[
rand_idx]
ratings_selected = self.dataset[user_indices, item_indices]
feed_dict = {
self.user_indices: user_indices,
self.item_indices: item_indices,
self.ratings_selected: ratings_selected
}
for _ in range(n_iter):
# if (_+1)%5 == 0:
# error = sess
info_dict = self.inference.update(feed_dict=feed_dict)
info_dicts.append(info_dict)
losses = [x['loss'] for x in info_dicts]
plt.plot(losses)
plt.title('loss curve')
plt.show()
return losses
def eval(self):
print("Evaluating..")
# Make predictions
sess = ed.get_session()
print("Predictors MAE:")
predictions_predictors = self.make_predictions(sess, self.M_qP, 300)
mae_test = self.compute_mae(sess, predictions_predictors,
self.predictors_zeros,
(self.I_test[:, :self.M]).astype(bool),
'mae')
mae_train = self.compute_mae(sess, predictions_predictors,
self.predictors_zeros,
(self.I_train[:, :self.M]).astype(bool),
'mae')
print("Test:\t", mae_test, "\nTrain:\t", mae_train)
print("Scores MAE:")
predictions_scores = self.make_predictions(sess, self.M_qS, 300)
mae_test = self.compute_mae(sess, predictions_scores,
self.scores_zeros,
(self.I_test[:,
self.M:]).astype(bool), 'mae')
mae_train = self.compute_mae(sess, predictions_scores,
self.scores_zeros,
(self.I_train[:, self.M:]).astype(bool),
'mae')
print("Test:\t", mae_test, "\nTrain:\t", mae_train)
predictors_df = pd.DataFrame(predictions_predictors.eval(session=sess))
predictors_df.to_csv('P_hat.csv')
scores_df = pd.DataFrame(predictions_scores.eval(session=sess))
scores_df.to_csv('S_hat.csv')
def train(self, R, mask, n_iter=2000, n_samples=5):
'''
Re-train model given the true R and a mask.
'''
# Note: Each inference run starts from scratch
sess = ed.get_session()
sess.as_default()
inference = ed.KLqp(
{
self.U: self.qU,
self.V: self.qV,
self.Up: self.qUp,
self.Vp: self.qVp,
self.W0: self.qW0,
self.b0: self.qb0,
self.W1: self.qW1,
self.b1: self.qb1
},
data={
self.R: R,
self.mask: mask
})
inference.run(n_iter=n_iter, n_samples=n_samples)
self.posterior = self._get_rhats()
# I think the marginals are gaussians, so we can use mean to find MAP.
self.posterior_map = np.mean(self.posterior, axis=0)
def fit(self, x_train):
self.inference = ed.Gibbs(
{
self.pi: self.qpi,
self.mu: self.qmu,
self.sigmasq: self.qsigmasq,
self.z: self.qz
},
data={self.x: x_train})
self.inference.initialize()
sess = ed.get_session()
tf.global_variables_initializer().run()
t_ph = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, [])
running_cluster_means = tf.reduce_mean(self.qmu.params[:t_ph], 0)
for _ in range(self.inference.n_iter):
info_dict = self.inference.update()
self.inference.print_progress(info_dict)
t = info_dict['t']
if t % self.inference.n_print == 0:
print("\nInferred cluster means:")
print(sess.run(running_cluster_means, {t_ph: t - 1}))
def main(_):
ed.set_seed(42)
# MODEL
z = MultivariateNormalTriL(
loc=tf.ones(2),
scale_tril=tf.cholesky(tf.constant([[1.0, 0.8], [0.8, 1.0]])))
# INFERENCE
qz = Empirical(params=tf.get_variable("qz/params", [1000, 2]))
inference = ed.HMC({z: qz})
inference.run()
# CRITICISM
sess = ed.get_session()
mean, stddev = sess.run([qz.mean(), qz.stddev()])
print("Inferred posterior mean:")
print(mean)
print("Inferred posterior stddev:")
print(stddev)
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
trace = sess.run(qz.params)
ax.scatter(trace[:, 0], trace[:, 1], marker=".")
mvn_plot_contours(z, ax=ax)
plt.show()
def optimize(self,
X,
Y,
epochs,
batch_size,
X_test=None,
Y_test=None,
n_samples=10,
saver=None):
print('Optimizing {} training examples'.format(self.data_size))
losses = []
qd_a_list = []
qd_b_list = []
accuracies = []
for i in range(1, epochs + 1):
print('Optimizing for epoch {}'.format(i))
loss = 0
steps = None
for X_batch, Y_batch in mini_batch(batch_size, X, Y, shuffle=True):
info_dict = self.inference.update(feed_dict={
self.x: X_batch,
self.y: Y_batch
})
loss += info_dict['loss']
steps = info_dict['t']
print('Loss: {} Steps: {}'.format(loss, steps))
losses.append(loss)
variables_names = ['qd_a:0', 'qd_b:0']
sess = ed.get_session()
qd_a, qd_b = sess.run(variables_names)
qd_a_list.append(qd_a)
qd_b_list.append(qd_b)
if saver is not None:
sess = ed.get_session()
saver.save(sess, '../checkpoint/beta_dropout.ckpt')
if X_test is not None and Y_test is not None:
acc = self.validate(X_test[:1000], Y_test[:1000], batch_size,
n_samples)
print('Validation: {}'.format(acc))
accuracies.append(acc)
print(qd_a_list)
print(qd_b_list)
def main(_):
ed.set_seed(42)
# DATA
x_data = build_toy_dataset(FLAGS.N)
# MODEL
pi = Dirichlet(concentration=tf.ones(FLAGS.K))
mu = Normal(0.0, 1.0, sample_shape=[FLAGS.K, FLAGS.D])
sigma = InverseGamma(concentration=1.0, rate=1.0,
sample_shape=[FLAGS.K, FLAGS.D])
c = Categorical(logits=tf.log(pi) - tf.log(1.0 - pi), sample_shape=FLAGS.N)
x = Normal(loc=tf.gather(mu, c), scale=tf.gather(sigma, c))
# INFERENCE
qpi = Empirical(params=tf.get_variable(
"qpi/params",
[FLAGS.T, FLAGS.K],
initializer=tf.constant_initializer(1.0 / FLAGS.K)))
qmu = Empirical(params=tf.get_variable("qmu/params",
[FLAGS.T, FLAGS.K, FLAGS.D],
initializer=tf.zeros_initializer()))
qsigma = Empirical(params=tf.get_variable("qsigma/params",
[FLAGS.T, FLAGS.K, FLAGS.D],
initializer=tf.ones_initializer()))
qc = Empirical(params=tf.get_variable("qc/params",
[FLAGS.T, FLAGS.N],
initializer=tf.zeros_initializer(),
dtype=tf.int32))
gpi = Dirichlet(concentration=tf.constant([1.4, 1.6]))
gmu = Normal(loc=tf.constant([[1.0, 1.0], [-1.0, -1.0]]),
scale=tf.constant([[0.5, 0.5], [0.5, 0.5]]))
gsigma = InverseGamma(concentration=tf.constant([[1.1, 1.1], [1.1, 1.1]]),
rate=tf.constant([[1.0, 1.0], [1.0, 1.0]]))
gc = Categorical(logits=tf.zeros([FLAGS.N, FLAGS.K]))
inference = ed.MetropolisHastings(
latent_vars={pi: qpi, mu: qmu, sigma: qsigma, c: qc},
proposal_vars={pi: gpi, mu: gmu, sigma: gsigma, c: gc},
data={x: x_data})
inference.initialize()
sess = ed.get_session()
tf.global_variables_initializer().run()
for _ in range(inference.n_iter):
info_dict = inference.update()
inference.print_progress(info_dict)
t = info_dict['t']
if t == 1 or t % inference.n_print == 0:
qpi_mean, qmu_mean = sess.run([qpi.mean(), qmu.mean()])
print("")
print("Inferred membership probabilities:")
print(qpi_mean)
print("Inferred cluster means:")
print(qmu_mean)
def load_graph_parameters(file):
sess = ed.get_session()
trained_vars = _pickle.load(open(file, "rb"))
i = 0
for var in tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.TRAINABLE_VARIABLES):
sess.run(var.assign(trained_vars[i]))
i += 1
return True
class Runtime():
#def __init__(self):
tf_run_default = True
tf_sess = ed.get_session()
init_g = tf.global_variables_initializer()
init_l = tf.local_variables_initializer()
tf_sess.run(init_g)
tf_sess.run(init_l)
def sample_user_ratings(self, user_index, n_samples=100):
idx_i = [user_index] * self.M
idx_j = list(range(self.M))
feed_dict = {
self.test_idx_i: idx_i,
self.test_idx_j: idx_j,
self.n_test_samples: n_samples
}
return np.squeeze(ed.get_session().run(self.sample_rhats, feed_dict))
def sample_user_ratings(self,
user_index,
num_samples=100,
sess=ed.get_session()):
feed_dict = {
self.test_user_index: user_index,
self.num_samples: num_samples
}
return sess.run(self.R_mean_samples, feed_dict=feed_dict)
def save(self, directory, name):
"""Saves the graph and all variables to files on disk. Everything will
be put in a new direcotry given by the argument.
"""
directory_exp = os.path.expanduser(directory)
if not os.path.isdir(directory_exp):
os.makedirs(directory_exp)
self.saver.save(ed.get_session(), os.path.join(directory_exp, name))
def build(self, input_dim, output_dim, layers_defs=[3, 3], examples=50):
"""
Constructs a Tensorflow graph for the the BNN.
"""
print("Generating prior Variables")
self.priorWs, self.priorBs = self.generate_prior_vars(
input_dim, output_dim, layers_defs)
print("Generating latent Variables")
self.qWs, self.qBs = self.generate_latent_vars(input_dim, output_dim,
layers_defs)
print("Building Network for inference")
#Final function of the network
self.X = tf.placeholder(shape=[None, input_dim],
name="input_placeholder",
dtype=tf.float32)
self.y = Normal(loc=self._neural_network(self.X, self.priorWs,
self.priorBs),
scale=0.1 * tf.ones(examples))
self.y_ph = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, self.y.shape,
"output_placeholder")
print("Building Network for evaluation")
self.x_evaluation = tf.placeholder(shape=[None, input_dim],
name="evaluation_placeholder",
dtype=tf.float32)
self.evaluation_sample_count = tf.placeholder(
shape=None, name="evaluation_sample_count", dtype=tf.int32)
self.y_evaluation = tf.map_fn(lambda _: self._neural_network(
self.x_evaluation, list(map(lambda W: W.sample(), self.qWs)),
list(map(lambda b: b.sample(), self.qBs))),
tf.range(self.evaluation_sample_count),
dtype=tf.float32)
self.y_evaluation = tf.identity(self.y_evaluation, name="evaluation")
self.init_op = tf.global_variables_initializer()
ed.get_session().run(self.init_op)
self.saver = tf.train.Saver()
def get_all_tensors(self, filter_fn=None):
sess = ed.get_session()
tensor_values = {}
for t in self.tensor_map_:
if filter_fn is not None and not filter_fn(t):
continue
v = self.tensor_map_[t]
if not isinstance(v, tf.Tensor):
continue
tensor_values[t] = sess.run(v)
return tensor_values
def generative_adversarial_network_example():
ed.set_seed(42)
data_dir = '/tmp/data'
out_dir = '/tmp/out'
if not os.path.exists(out_dir):
os.makedirs(out_dir)
M = 128 # Batch size during training.
d = 100 # Latent dimension.
(x_train, _), (x_test, _) = mnist(data_dir)
x_train_generator = generator(x_train, M)
x_ph = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [M, 784])
#--------------------
# GANs posit generative models using an implicit mechanism.
# Given some random noise, the data is assumed to be generated by a deterministic function of that noise.
with tf.variable_scope('Gen'):
eps = Uniform(tf.zeros([M, d]) - 1.0, tf.ones([M, d]))
x = generative_network(eps)
#--------------------
# In Edward, the GAN algorithm (GANInference) simply takes the implicit density model on x as input, binded to its realizations x_ph.
# In addition, a parameterized function discriminator is provided to distinguish their samples.
inference = ed.GANInference(data={x: x_ph}, discriminator=discriminative_network)
# We'll use ADAM as optimizers for both the generator and discriminator.
# We'll run the algorithm for 15,000 iterations and print progress every 1,000 iterations.
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer()
optimizer_d = tf.train.AdamOptimizer()
inference = ed.GANInference(data={x: x_ph}, discriminator=discriminative_network)
inference.initialize(optimizer=optimizer, optimizer_d=optimizer_d, n_iter=15000, n_print=1000)
# We now form the main loop which trains the GAN.
# At each iteration, it takes a minibatch and updates the parameters according to the algorithm.
sess = ed.get_session()
tf.global_variables_initializer().run()
idx = np.random.randint(M, size=16)
i = 0
for t in range(inference.n_iter):
if t % inference.n_print == 0:
samples = sess.run(x)
samples = samples[idx, ]
fig = plot(samples)
plt.savefig(os.path.join(out_dir, '{}.png').format(str(i).zfill(3)), bbox_inches='tight')
plt.close(fig)
i += 1
x_batch = next(x_train_generator)
info_dict = inference.update(feed_dict={x_ph: x_batch})
inference.print_progress(info_dict)
def run(self, data, method="klqp", **kwargs):
if method == "klqp":
print(">> Initializing ... ", end="")
inference = ed.KLqp(self.unwind_latent_vars(), data=data)
inference.initialize(**kwargs)
print("ok")
# RUNNING THE INFERENCE
sess = ed.get_session()
init = tf.global_variables_initializer()
init.run()
losses = []
for _ in tqdm(range(inference.n_iter)):
info_dict = inference.update()
losses.append(info_dict['loss'])
plt.figure(figsize=(7, 3))
plt.title("Loss")
plt.semilogy(losses)
plt.show()
elif method == "hmc":
print(">> Initializing ... ", end="")
inference = ed.HMC(self.unwind_latent_vars(), data=data)
inference.initialize(**kwargs)
print("ok")
# RUNNING THE INFERENCE
sess = ed.get_session()
init = tf.global_variables_initializer()
init.run()
acceptance_rates = []
for _ in tqdm(range(inference.n_iter)):
info_dict = inference.update()
acceptance_rates.append(info_dict['accept_rate'])
plt.figure(figsize=(7, 3))
plt.title("Acceptance Rate")
plt.semilogy(acceptance_rates)
plt.show()
def main(_):
ed.set_seed(142)
# DATA
x_train = build_toy_dataset(FLAGS.N, FLAGS.D, FLAGS.K)
# MODEL
w = Normal(loc=0.0, scale=10.0, sample_shape=[FLAGS.D, FLAGS.K])
z = Normal(loc=0.0, scale=1.0, sample_shape=[FLAGS.M, FLAGS.K])
x = Normal(loc=tf.matmul(w, z, transpose_b=True),
scale=tf.ones([FLAGS.D, FLAGS.M]))
# INFERENCE
qw_variables = [tf.get_variable("qw/loc", [FLAGS.D, FLAGS.K]),
tf.get_variable("qw/scale", [FLAGS.D, FLAGS.K])]
qw = Normal(loc=qw_variables[0], scale=tf.nn.softplus(qw_variables[1]))
qz_variables = [tf.get_variable("qz/loc", [FLAGS.N, FLAGS.K]),
tf.get_variable("qz/scale", [FLAGS.N, FLAGS.K])]
idx_ph = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, FLAGS.M)
qz = Normal(loc=tf.gather(qz_variables[0], idx_ph),
scale=tf.nn.softplus(tf.gather(qz_variables[1], idx_ph)))
x_ph = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [FLAGS.D, FLAGS.M])
inference_w = ed.KLqp({w: qw}, data={x: x_ph, z: qz})
inference_z = ed.KLqp({z: qz}, data={x: x_ph, w: qw})
scale_factor = float(FLAGS.N) / FLAGS.M
inference_w.initialize(scale={x: scale_factor, z: scale_factor},
var_list=qz_variables,
n_samples=5)
inference_z.initialize(scale={x: scale_factor, z: scale_factor},
var_list=qw_variables,
n_samples=5)
sess = ed.get_session()
tf.global_variables_initializer().run()
for _ in range(inference_w.n_iter):
x_batch, idx_batch = next_batch(x_train, FLAGS.M)
for _ in range(5):
inference_z.update(feed_dict={x_ph: x_batch, idx_ph: idx_batch})
info_dict = inference_w.update(feed_dict={x_ph: x_batch, idx_ph: idx_batch})
inference_w.print_progress(info_dict)
t = info_dict['t']
if t % 100 == 0:
print("\nInferred principal axes:")
print(sess.run(qw.mean()))
def main(_):
ed.set_seed(42)
# DATA. MNIST batches are fed at training time.
(x_train, _), (x_test, _) = mnist(FLAGS.data_dir)
x_train_generator = generator(x_train, FLAGS.M)
x_ph = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [FLAGS.M, 784])
# MODEL
with tf.variable_scope("Gen"):
eps = Uniform(low=tf.zeros([FLAGS.M, FLAGS.d]) - 1.0,
high=tf.ones([FLAGS.M, FLAGS.d]))
x = generative_network(eps)
# INFERENCE
optimizer = tf.train.RMSPropOptimizer(learning_rate=5e-5)
optimizer_d = tf.train.RMSPropOptimizer(learning_rate=5e-5)
inference = ed.WGANInference(
data={x: x_ph}, discriminator=discriminative_network)
inference.initialize(
optimizer=optimizer, optimizer_d=optimizer_d,
n_iter=15000, n_print=1000, clip=0.01, penalty=None)
sess = ed.get_session()
tf.global_variables_initializer().run()
idx = np.random.randint(FLAGS.M, size=16)
i = 0
for t in range(inference.n_iter):
if t % inference.n_print == 0:
samples = sess.run(x)
samples = samples[idx, ]
fig = plot(samples)
plt.savefig(os.path.join(FLAGS.out_dir, '{}.png').format(
str(i).zfill(3)), bbox_inches='tight')
plt.close(fig)
i += 1
x_batch = next(x_train_generator)
for _ in range(5):
inference.update(feed_dict={x_ph: x_batch}, variables="Disc")
info_dict = inference.update(feed_dict={x_ph: x_batch}, variables="Gen")
# note: not printing discriminative objective; `info_dict` above
# does not store it since updating only "Gen"
info_dict['t'] = info_dict['t'] // 6 # say set of 6 updates is 1 iteration
inference.print_progress(info_dict)
def main(_):
x_data = np.array([0.0] * 50, dtype=np.float32)
mu = Normal(loc=0.0, scale=1.0)
x = Normal(loc=mu, scale=1.0, sample_shape=50)
with tf.variable_scope("posterior"):
qmu = PointMass(params=tf.Variable(1.0))
inference = ed.MAP({mu: qmu}, data={x: x_data})
inference.run(n_iter=10)
sess = ed.get_session()
saver = tf.train.Saver()
saver.save(sess, "test_saver")
def main(_):
x_data = np.array([0.0] * 50, dtype=np.float32)
mu = Normal(loc=0.0, scale=1.0)
x = Normal(loc=mu, scale=1.0, sample_shape=50)
with tf.variable_scope("posterior"):
qmu = PointMass(params=tf.Variable(1.0))
inference = ed.MAP({mu: qmu}, data={x: x_data})
inference.run(n_iter=10)
sess = ed.get_session()
saver = tf.train.Saver()
saver.save(sess, "test_saver")
def __init__(self,
n_samples=10,
center_sampling_method='k_means',
n_centers=20,
keep_edges=False,
init_scales='default',
estimator=None,
X_ph=None,
train_scales=False):
"""
Main class for Kernel Mixture Network
Args:
center_sampling_method: String that describes the method to use for finding kernel centers
n_centers: Number of kernels to use in the output
keep_edges: Keep the extreme y values as center to keep expressiveness
init_scales: List or scalar that describes (initial) values of bandwidth parameter
estimator: Keras or tensorflow network that ends with a dense layer to place kernel mixture output on top off,
if None use a standard 15 -> 15 Dense network
X_ph: Placeholder for input to your custom estimator, currently only supporting one input placeholder,
but should be easy to extend to a list of placeholders
train_scales: Boolean that describes whether or not to make the scales trainable
n_samples: Determine how many samples to return
"""
self.sess = ed.get_session()
self.inference = None
self.estimator = estimator
self.X_ph = X_ph
self.n_samples = n_samples
self.center_sampling_method = center_sampling_method
self.n_centers = n_centers
self.keep_edges = keep_edges
self.train_loss = np.empty(0)
self.test_loss = np.empty(0)
if init_scales == 'default':
init_scales = np.array([1])
# Transform scales so that the softplus will result in passed init_scales
self.init_scales = [math.log(math.exp(s) - 1) for s in init_scales]
self.n_scales = len(self.init_scales)
self.train_scales = train_scales
self.fitted = False
def __init__(self,
n_components=10,
n_mc_samples=1,
gene_dispersion=True,
zero_inflation=True,
scalings=True,
batch_correction=False,
test_iterations=100,
optimizer=None,
minibatch_size=None,
validation=False,
X_test=None):
self.n_components = n_components
self.est_X = None
self.est_L = None
self.est_Z = None
self.zero_inflation = zero_inflation
if zero_inflation:
print('Considering zero-inflation.')
self.batch_correction = batch_correction
if batch_correction:
print('Performing batch correction.')
self.scalings = scalings
if scalings:
print('Considering cell-specific scalings.')
self.gene_dispersion = gene_dispersion
if scalings:
print('Considering gene-specific dispersion.')
self.n_mc_samples = n_mc_samples
self.test_iterations = test_iterations
self.optimizer = optimizer
self.minibatch_size = minibatch_size
# if validation, use X_test to assess convergence
self.validation = validation and X_test is not None
self.X_test = X_test
self.loss_dict = {'t_loss': [], 'v_loss': []}
sess = ed.get_session()
sess.close()
tf.reset_default_graph()
def main(_): ed.set_seed(42) # Prior on scalar hyperparameter to Dirichlet. alpha = Gamma(1.0, 1.0) # Prior on size of Dirichlet. n = 1 + tf.cast(Exponential(0.5), tf.int32) # Build a vector of ones whose size is n; multiply it by alpha. p = Dirichlet(tf.ones([n]) * alpha) sess = ed.get_session() print(sess.run(p)) # [ 0.01012419 0.02939712 0.05036638 0.51287931 0.31020424 0.0485355 # 0.0384932 ] print(sess.run(p))
def main(_):
ed.set_seed(42)
# Prior on scalar hyperparameter to Dirichlet.
alpha = Gamma(1.0, 1.0)
# Prior on size of Dirichlet.
n = 1 + tf.cast(Exponential(0.5), tf.int32)
# Build a vector of ones whose size is n; multiply it by alpha.
p = Dirichlet(tf.ones([n]) * alpha)
sess = ed.get_session()
print(sess.run(p))
# [ 0.01012419 0.02939712 0.05036638 0.51287931 0.31020424 0.0485355
# 0.0384932 ]
print(sess.run(p))
def optimize(self, mnist):
variables_names = ['qd_a:0', 'qd_b:0']
sess = ed.get_session()
qd_a, qd_b = sess.run(variables_names)
print('Prior >> alpha: {} beta: {}'.format(qd_a, qd_b))
for _ in range(self.inference.n_iter):
X_batch, Y_batch = mnist.train.next_batch(self.batch_size)
info_dict = self.inference.update(feed_dict={
self.x: X_batch,
self.y: Y_batch
})
self.inference.print_progress(info_dict)
qd_a, qd_b = sess.run(variables_names)
print('Posterior >> alpha: {} beta: {}'.format(qd_a, qd_b))
def evaluate(self, x, samples_count):
"""Draws a samples form the model given some unseen data.
"""
op = tf.get_default_graph().get_tensor_by_name("evaluation:0")
x_evaluation = tf.get_default_graph().get_tensor_by_name(
"evaluation_placeholder:0")
evaluation_sample_count = tf.get_default_graph().get_tensor_by_name(
"evaluation_sample_count:0")
sess = ed.get_session()
res = sess.run(op,
feed_dict={
x_evaluation: x,
evaluation_sample_count: samples_count
})
return res
def probabilistic_pca_example():
ed.set_seed(142)
N = 5000 # Number of data points.
D = 2 # Data dimensionality.
K = 1 # Latent dimensionality.
x_train = build_toy_dataset(N, D, K)
plt.scatter(x_train[0, :], x_train[1, :], color='blue', alpha=0.1)
plt.axis([-10, 10, -10, 10])
plt.title('Simulated data set')
plt.show()
#--------------------
# Model.
w = Normal(loc=tf.zeros([D, K]), scale=2.0 * tf.ones([D, K]))
z = Normal(loc=tf.zeros([N, K]), scale=tf.ones([N, K]))
x = Normal(loc=tf.matmul(w, z, transpose_b=True), scale=tf.ones([D, N]))
#--------------------
# Inference.
qw = Normal(loc=tf.get_variable('qw/loc', [D, K]),
scale=tf.nn.softplus(tf.get_variable('qw/scale', [D, K])))
qz = Normal(loc=tf.get_variable('qz/loc', [N, K]),
scale=tf.nn.softplus(tf.get_variable('qz/scale', [N, K])))
inference = ed.KLqp({w: qw, z: qz}, data={x: x_train})
inference.run(n_iter=500, n_print=100, n_samples=10)
#--------------------
# Criticism.
sess = ed.get_session()
print('Inferred principal axes:')
print(sess.run(qw.mean()))
# Build and then generate data from the posterior predictive distribution.
x_post = ed.copy(x, {w: qw, z: qz})
x_gen = sess.run(x_post)
plt.scatter(x_gen[0, :], x_gen[1, :], color='red', alpha=0.1)
plt.axis([-10, 10, -10, 10])
plt.title('Data generated from model')
plt.show()
def update(self, feed_dict=None, scope='global'):
if feed_dict is None:
feed_dict = {}
for key, value in six.iteritems(self.local_data):
if isinstance(key, tf.Tensor) and "Placeholder" in key.op.type:
feed_dict[key] = value
sess = ed.get_session()
if scope == 'global':
_, t, loss = sess.run([self.train, self.increment_t, self.loss],
feed_dict)
return {'t': t, 'loss': loss}
if scope == 'local':
_, local_loss = sess.run([self.train_local, self.local_loss],
feed_dict)
return {'t': self.increment_t, 'loss': local_loss}
def _test(data, n_data, x=None, is_file=False):
sess = ed.get_session()
model = NormalModel()
variational = Variational()
variational.add(Normal())
inference = ed.MFVI(model, variational, data)
inference.initialize(n_data=n_data)
if x is not None:
# Placeholder setting.
# Check data is same as data fed to it.
feed_dict = {inference.data['x']: x}
# avoid directly fetching placeholder
data_id = {k: tf.identity(v) for k,v in
six.iteritems(inference.data)}
val = sess.run(data_id, feed_dict)
assert np.all(val['x'] == x)
elif is_file:
# File reader setting.
# Check data varies by session run.
val = sess.run(inference.data)
val_1 = sess.run(inference.data)
assert not np.all(val['x'] == val_1['x'])
elif n_data is None:
# Preloaded full setting.
# Check data is full data.
val = sess.run(inference.data)
assert np.all(val['x'] == data['x'])
else:
# Preloaded batch setting.
# Check data is randomly shuffled.
val = sess.run(inference.data)
assert not np.all(val['x'] == data['x'][:n_data])
# Check data varies by session run.
val_1 = sess.run(inference.data)
assert not np.all(val['x'] == val_1['x'])
inference.finalize()
sess.close()
del sess
tf.reset_default_graph()
def main(_):
# DATA
pi_true = np.random.dirichlet(np.array([20.0, 30.0, 10.0, 10.0]))
z_data = np.array([np.random.choice(FLAGS.K, 1, p=pi_true)[0]
for n in range(FLAGS.N)])
print("pi: {}".format(pi_true))
# MODEL
pi = Dirichlet(tf.ones(4))
z = Categorical(probs=pi, sample_shape=FLAGS.N)
# INFERENCE
qpi = Dirichlet(tf.nn.softplus(
tf.get_variable("qpi/concentration", [FLAGS.K])))
inference = ed.KLqp({pi: qpi}, data={z: z_data})
inference.run(n_iter=1500, n_samples=30)
sess = ed.get_session()
print("Inferred pi: {}".format(sess.run(qpi.mean())))
def main(_):
ed.set_seed(42)
# MODEL
z = MultivariateNormalTriL(
loc=tf.ones(2),
scale_tril=tf.cholesky(tf.constant([[1.0, 0.8], [0.8, 1.0]])))
# INFERENCE
qz = Empirical(params=tf.get_variable("qz/params", [2000, 2]))
inference = ed.SGLD({z: qz})
inference.run(step_size=5.0)
# CRITICISM
sess = ed.get_session()
mean, stddev = sess.run([qz.mean(), qz.stddev()])
print("Inferred posterior mean:")
print(mean)
print("Inferred posterior stddev:")
print(stddev)
def mvn_plot_contours(z, label=False, ax=None):
"""Plot the contours of 2-d Normal or MultivariateNormal object.
Scale the axes to show 3 standard deviations.
"""
sess = ed.get_session()
mu = sess.run(z.parameters['loc'])
mu_x, mu_y = mu
Sigma = sess.run(z.parameters['scale_tril'])
sigma_x, sigma_y = np.sqrt(Sigma[0, 0]), np.sqrt(Sigma[1, 1])
xmin, xmax = mu_x - 3 * sigma_x, mu_x + 3 * sigma_x
ymin, ymax = mu_y - 3 * sigma_y, mu_y + 3 * sigma_y
xs = np.linspace(xmin, xmax, num=100)
ys = np.linspace(ymin, ymax, num=100)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(xs, ys)
T = tf.cast(np.c_[X.flatten(), Y.flatten()], dtype=tf.float32)
Z = sess.run(tf.exp(z.log_prob(T))).reshape((len(xs), len(ys)))
if ax is None:
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
cs = ax.contour(X, Y, Z)
if label:
plt.clabel(cs, inline=1, fontsize=10)
def main(_):
ed.set_seed(42)
# DATA
x_data = np.array([0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1])
# MODEL
p = Beta(1.0, 1.0)
x = Bernoulli(probs=p, sample_shape=10)
# COMPLETE CONDITIONAL
p_cond = ed.complete_conditional(p)
sess = ed.get_session()
print('p(probs | x) type:', p_cond.parameters['name'])
param_vals = sess.run({key: val for
key, val in six.iteritems(p_cond.parameters)
if isinstance(val, tf.Tensor)}, {x: x_data})
print('parameters:')
for key, val in six.iteritems(param_vals):
print('%s:\t%.3f' % (key, val))
def get_samples(x_ph, num_points=10000, num_bins=100):
"""Return a tuple (db, pd, pg), where
+ db is the discriminator's decision boundary;
+ pd is a histogram of samples from the data distribution;
+ pg is a histogram of samples from the generative model.
"""
sess = ed.get_session()
bins = np.linspace(-8, 8, num_bins)
# Decision boundary
with tf.variable_scope("Disc", reuse=True):
p_true = tf.sigmoid(discriminative_network(x_ph))
xs = np.linspace(-8, 8, num_points)
db = np.zeros((num_points, 1))
for i in range(num_points // FLAGS.M):
db[FLAGS.M * i:FLAGS.M * (i + 1)] = sess.run(
p_true, {x_ph: np.reshape(xs[FLAGS.M * i:FLAGS.M * (i + 1)],
(FLAGS.M, 1))})
# Data samples
d = next_batch(num_points)
pd, _ = np.histogram(d, bins=bins, density=True)
# Generated samples
eps_ph = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [FLAGS.M, 1])
with tf.variable_scope("Gen", reuse=True):
G = generative_network(eps_ph)
epss = np.linspace(-8, 8, num_points)
g = np.zeros((num_points, 1))
for i in range(num_points // FLAGS.M):
g[FLAGS.M * i:FLAGS.M * (i + 1)] = sess.run(
G, {eps_ph: np.reshape(epss[FLAGS.M * i:FLAGS.M * (i + 1)],
(FLAGS.M, 1))})
pg, _ = np.histogram(g, bins=bins, density=True)
return db, pd, pg
def main(_):
# Data generation (known mean)
xn_data = np.random.normal(FLAGS.loc, FLAGS.scale, FLAGS.N)
print("scale: {}".format(FLAGS.scale))
# Prior definition
alpha = 0.5
beta = 0.7
# Posterior inference
# Probabilistic model
ig = InverseGamma(alpha, beta)
xn = Normal(FLAGS.loc, tf.sqrt(ig), sample_shape=FLAGS.N)
# Inference
qig = Empirical(params=tf.get_variable(
"qig/params", [1000], initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.5)))
proposal_ig = InverseGamma(2.0, 2.0)
inference = ed.MetropolisHastings({ig: qig},
{ig: proposal_ig}, data={xn: xn_data})
inference.run()
sess = ed.get_session()
print("Inferred scale: {}".format(sess.run(tf.sqrt(qig.mean()))))
def main(_):
ed.set_seed(42)
# DATA
x_data = np.array([0.0] * 50)
# MODEL: Normal-Normal with known variance
mu = Normal(loc=0.0, scale=1.0)
x = Normal(loc=mu, scale=1.0, sample_shape=50)
# INFERENCE
qmu = Empirical(params=tf.get_variable("qmu/params", [1000],
initializer=tf.zeros_initializer()))
# analytic solution: N(loc=0.0, scale=\sqrt{1/51}=0.140)
inference = ed.HMC({mu: qmu}, data={x: x_data})
inference.run()
# CRITICISM
sess = ed.get_session()
mean, stddev = sess.run([qmu.mean(), qmu.stddev()])
print("Inferred posterior mean:")
print(mean)
print("Inferred posterior stddev:")
print(stddev)
# Check convergence with visual diagnostics.
samples = sess.run(qmu.params)
# Plot histogram.
plt.hist(samples, bins='auto')
plt.show()
# Trace plot.
plt.plot(samples)
plt.show()
def main(_):
ed.set_seed(42)
# DATA
x_train, metadata = nips(FLAGS.data_dir)
documents = metadata['columns']
words = metadata['rows']
# Subset to documents in 2011 and words appearing in at least two
# documents and have a total word count of at least 10.
doc_idx = [i for i, document in enumerate(documents)
if document.startswith('2011')]
documents = [documents[doc] for doc in doc_idx]
x_train = x_train[:, doc_idx]
word_idx = np.logical_and(np.sum(x_train != 0, 1) >= 2,
np.sum(x_train, 1) >= 10)
words = [word for word, idx in zip(words, word_idx) if idx]
x_train = x_train[word_idx, :]
x_train = x_train.T
N = x_train.shape[0] # number of documents
D = x_train.shape[1] # vocabulary size
# MODEL
W2 = Gamma(0.1, 0.3, sample_shape=[FLAGS.K[2], FLAGS.K[1]])
W1 = Gamma(0.1, 0.3, sample_shape=[FLAGS.K[1], FLAGS.K[0]])
W0 = Gamma(0.1, 0.3, sample_shape=[FLAGS.K[0], D])
z3 = Gamma(0.1, 0.1, sample_shape=[N, FLAGS.K[2]])
z2 = Gamma(FLAGS.shape, FLAGS.shape / tf.matmul(z3, W2))
z1 = Gamma(FLAGS.shape, FLAGS.shape / tf.matmul(z2, W1))
x = Poisson(tf.matmul(z1, W0))
# INFERENCE
qW2 = pointmass_q(W2.shape)
qW1 = pointmass_q(W1.shape)
qW0 = pointmass_q(W0.shape)
if FLAGS.q == 'gamma':
qz3 = gamma_q(z3.shape)
qz2 = gamma_q(z2.shape)
qz1 = gamma_q(z1.shape)
else:
qz3 = lognormal_q(z3.shape)
qz2 = lognormal_q(z2.shape)
qz1 = lognormal_q(z1.shape)
# We apply variational EM with E-step over local variables
# and M-step to point estimate the global weight matrices.
inference_e = ed.KLqp({z1: qz1, z2: qz2, z3: qz3},
data={x: x_train, W0: qW0, W1: qW1, W2: qW2})
inference_m = ed.MAP({W0: qW0, W1: qW1, W2: qW2},
data={x: x_train, z1: qz1, z2: qz2, z3: qz3})
optimizer_e = tf.train.RMSPropOptimizer(FLAGS.lr)
optimizer_m = tf.train.RMSPropOptimizer(FLAGS.lr)
kwargs = {'optimizer': optimizer_e,
'n_print': 100,
'logdir': FLAGS.logdir,
'log_timestamp': False}
if FLAGS.q == 'gamma':
kwargs['n_samples'] = 30
inference_e.initialize(**kwargs)
inference_m.initialize(optimizer=optimizer_m)
sess = ed.get_session()
tf.global_variables_initializer().run()
n_epoch = 20
n_iter_per_epoch = 10000
for epoch in range(n_epoch):
print("Epoch {}".format(epoch))
nll = 0.0
pbar = Progbar(n_iter_per_epoch)
for t in range(1, n_iter_per_epoch + 1):
pbar.update(t)
info_dict_e = inference_e.update()
info_dict_m = inference_m.update()
nll += info_dict_e['loss']
# Compute perplexity averaged over a number of training iterations.
# The model's negative log-likelihood of data is upper bounded by
# the variational objective.
nll /= n_iter_per_epoch
perplexity = np.exp(nll / np.sum(x_train))
print("Negative log-likelihood <= {:0.3f}".format(nll))
print("Perplexity <= {:0.3f}".format(perplexity))
# Print top 10 words for first 10 topics.
qW0_vals = sess.run(qW0)
for k in range(10):
top_words_idx = qW0_vals[k, :].argsort()[-10:][::-1]
top_words = " ".join([words[i] for i in top_words_idx])
print("Topic {}: {}".format(k, top_words))
def main(_):
# Generate data
true_mu = np.array([-1.0, 0.0, 1.0], np.float32) * 10
true_sigmasq = np.array([1.0**2, 2.0**2, 3.0**2], np.float32)
true_pi = np.array([0.2, 0.3, 0.5], np.float32)
N = 10000
K = len(true_mu)
true_z = np.random.choice(np.arange(K), size=N, p=true_pi)
x_data = true_mu[true_z] + np.random.randn(N) * np.sqrt(true_sigmasq[true_z])
# Prior hyperparameters
pi_alpha = np.ones(K, dtype=np.float32)
mu_sigma = np.std(true_mu)
sigmasq_alpha = 1.0
sigmasq_beta = 2.0
# Model
pi = Dirichlet(pi_alpha)
mu = Normal(0.0, mu_sigma, sample_shape=K)
sigmasq = InverseGamma(sigmasq_alpha, sigmasq_beta, sample_shape=K)
x = ParamMixture(pi, {'loc': mu, 'scale': tf.sqrt(sigmasq)}, Normal,
sample_shape=N)
z = x.cat
# Conditionals
mu_cond = ed.complete_conditional(mu)
sigmasq_cond = ed.complete_conditional(sigmasq)
pi_cond = ed.complete_conditional(pi)
z_cond = ed.complete_conditional(z)
sess = ed.get_session()
# Initialize randomly
pi_est, mu_est, sigmasq_est, z_est = sess.run([pi, mu, sigmasq, z])
print('Initial parameters:')
print('pi:', pi_est)
print('mu:', mu_est)
print('sigmasq:', sigmasq_est)
print()
# Gibbs sampler
cond_dict = {pi: pi_est, mu: mu_est, sigmasq: sigmasq_est,
z: z_est, x: x_data}
t0 = time()
T = 500
for t in range(T):
z_est = sess.run(z_cond, cond_dict)
cond_dict[z] = z_est
pi_est, mu_est = sess.run([pi_cond, mu_cond], cond_dict)
cond_dict[pi] = pi_est
cond_dict[mu] = mu_est
sigmasq_est = sess.run(sigmasq_cond, cond_dict)
cond_dict[sigmasq] = sigmasq_est
print('took %.3f seconds to run %d iterations' % (time() - t0, T))
print()
print('Final sample for parameters::')
print('pi:', pi_est)
print('mu:', mu_est)
print('sigmasq:', sigmasq_est)
print()
print()
print('True parameters:')
print('pi:', true_pi)
print('mu:', true_mu)
print('sigmasq:', true_sigmasq)
print()
plt.figure(figsize=[10, 10])
plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)
plt.hist(x_data, 50)
plt.title('Empirical Distribution of $x$')
plt.xlabel('$x$')
plt.ylabel('frequency')
xl = plt.xlim()
plt.subplot(2, 1, 2)
plt.hist(sess.run(x, {pi: pi_est, mu: mu_est, sigmasq: sigmasq_est}), 50)
plt.title("Predictive distribution $p(x \mid \mathrm{inferred }\ "
"\pi, \mu, \sigma^2)$")
plt.xlabel('$x$')
plt.ylabel('frequency')
plt.xlim(xl)
plt.show()
data = tf.constant(data, dtype=tf.float32)
return ed.Data(data)
ed.set_seed(42)
model = LinearModel()
variational = Variational()
variational.add(Normal(model.num_vars))
data = build_toy_dataset()
# Set up figure
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,8), facecolor='white')
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, frameon=False)
plt.ion()
plt.show(block=False)
sess = ed.get_session()
inference = ed.MFVI(model, variational, data)
inference.initialize(n_minibatch=5, n_print=5)
for t in range(250):
loss = inference.update()
if t % inference.n_print == 0:
print("iter {:d} loss {:.2f}".format(t, loss))
# Sample functions from variational model
mean, std = sess.run([variational.layers[0].m,
variational.layers[0].s])
rs = np.random.RandomState(0)
zs = rs.randn(10, variational.num_vars) * std + mean
zs = tf.constant(zs, dtype=tf.float32)
inputs = np.linspace(-8, 8, num=400, dtype=np.float32)
x = tf.expand_dims(tf.constant(inputs), 1)
def train(self, data, **kwargs):
self._init()
ed.set_seed(self.random_state)
sess = ed.get_session()
input_fn, latent_vars, self.tensor_map_ = self.model.inference_args(data, **kwargs)
# Initialize inference engine
inference = self.inference_fn(latent_vars, data=input_fn(data))
inference_kwargs = {} if self.inference_fn == ed.MAP else {'n_samples': self.n_samples}
inference.initialize(
logdir=self.log_dir, n_print=self.n_print_progress,
optimizer=self.optimizer, **inference_kwargs
)
tf.global_variables_initializer().run()
self.losses_ = []
self.converged_ = False
loss_buffer = collections.deque(maxlen=self.n_loss_buffer + 1)
loss_change = None
for t in range(self.max_steps):
info_dict = inference.update()
loss = info_dict['loss']
# tf.summary.scalar('Loss', )
if self.n_print_progress and t % self.n_print_progress == 0:
logging.info(
'On iteration {} of at most {} (loss = {}, loss change = {})'
.format(t, self.max_steps, loss, loss_change)
)
# Check for convergence if at least one step has already been run
if len(loss_buffer) > 1:
loss_change = np.mean(np.diff(loss_buffer))
if abs(loss_change) < self.tol:
self.converged_ = True
if self.n_print_progress:
logging.info(
'Converged on iteration {} (loss = {}, loss change = {})'\
.format(t, loss, loss_change)
)
loss_buffer.append(loss)
if t % self.n_collect == 0 or t == self.max_steps - 1 or self.converged_:
# Collect loss as well as all parameter values
self.losses_.append(info_dict['loss'])
if self.converged_:
break
# If convergence was not reached, either log a warning or throw an error depending on which was configured
if not self.converged_:
msg = 'Failed to reach convergence after {} steps. '\
'Consider increasing max_steps or altering learning rate / optimizer parameters'\
.format(self.max_steps)
if self.fail_if_not_converged:
raise ConvergenceError(msg)
else:
logger.warning(msg)
# Save model results if a log/event directory was set
if self.log_dir is not None and self.save_tf_model:
saver = tf.train.Saver()
saver.save(sess, os.path.join(self.log_dir, 'model.ckpt'))
# Extract criticism arguments where first is always prediction function
self.criticism_args_ = self.model.criticism_args(sess, self.tensor_map_)
inference.finalize()
sess.graph.finalize()
return self
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = build_toy_dataset()
print("Size of features in training data: {:s}".format(X_train.shape))
print("Size of output in training data: {:s}".format(y_train.shape))
print("Size of features in test data: {:s}".format(X_test.shape))
print("Size of output in test data: {:s}".format(y_test.shape))
sns.regplot(X_train, y_train, fit_reg=False)
plt.show()
X = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=(None, 1))
y = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=(None, 1))
data = {'X': X, 'y': y}
model = MixtureDensityNetwork(20)
inference = ed.MAP(model, data)
sess = ed.get_session() # Start TF session
K.set_session(sess) # Pass session info to Keras
inference.initialize()
NEPOCH = 1000
train_loss = np.zeros(NEPOCH)
test_loss = np.zeros(NEPOCH)
for i in range(NEPOCH):
_, train_loss[i] = sess.run([inference.train, inference.loss],
feed_dict={X: X_train, y: y_train})
test_loss[i] = sess.run(inference.loss, feed_dict={X: X_test, y: y_test})
pred_weights, pred_means, pred_std = sess.run([model.pi, model.mus, model.sigmas],
feed_dict={X: X_test})
fig, axes = plt.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=1, figsize=(16, 3.5))
def fit(self, X, y, **kwargs):
self._init()
ed.set_seed(self.random_state)
use_map = self.inference_fn == ed.MAP
model = {}
for g, m in self.model_config.items():
# Set the name associated with this group
# (this is useful for naming tensors and should only be done once)
m.set_name(g)
# Configure models to use point mass distributions if MAP
# inference is being run
m.set_use_point_mass(use_map)
# Slice observed data to only fields relevant to this group
x = X[:, m.get_feature_index()]
# Initialize the feature group model and retrieve parameters
# to be optimized for group
with tf.name_scope(g):
m.initialize(x, y)
model[g] = m.get_parameter_map(x, y)
sess = ed.get_session()
data = {'X': X, 'Y': y}
# Initialize inference engine
inference = self.inference_fn(_flatten_map(model, sep=':'), data, self)
optimizer = self.optimizer_fn() if self.optimizer_fn else None
if use_map:
inference.initialize(optimizer=optimizer, n_print=self.n_print_progress)
else:
inference.initialize(optimizer=optimizer, n_print=self.n_print_progress, n_samples=self.n_samples)
# It would be much better if inference instances exposed the ability to set the log dir
# directly but at the moment it's only set in inference.run, and this is how it's used:
if self.log_dir is not None:
summary_writer = tf.train.SummaryWriter(self.log_dir, tf.get_default_graph())
# inference.train_writer = tf.train.SummaryWriter(self.log_dir, tf.get_default_graph())
summary_op = tf.merge_all_summaries()
init = tf.initialize_all_variables()
init.run()
self.params_ = []
self.losses_ = []
self.converged_ = False
loss_buffer = collections.deque(maxlen=self.n_loss_buffer + 1)
loss_change = None
for t in range(self.max_steps):
info_dict = inference.update()
loss = info_dict['loss']
if self.n_print_progress and t % self.n_print_progress == 0:
logging.info(
'On iteration {} of at most {} (loss = {}, loss change = {})'
.format(t, self.max_steps, loss, loss_change)
)
# Check for convergence if at least one step has already been run
if len(loss_buffer) > 1:
loss_change = np.mean(np.diff(loss_buffer))
if abs(loss_change) < self.tol:
self.converged_ = True
if self.n_print_progress:
logging.info(
'Converged on iteration {} (loss = {}, loss change = {})'\
.format(t, loss, loss_change)
)
loss_buffer.append(loss)
if t % self.n_collect == 0 or t == self.max_steps - 1 or self.converged_:
# Collect and write out any summary ops
if self.log_dir is not None and summary_op is not None:
summary_writer.add_summary(sess.run([summary_op])[0], t)
# Collect loss as well as all parameter values
self.losses_.append(info_dict['loss'])
params = {g: m.get_parameter_values(sess, model[g]) for g, m in self.model_config.items()}
self.params_.append(params)
if self.converged_:
break
# If convergence was not reached, either log a warning or throw an error depending on which was configured
if not self.converged_:
msg = 'Failed to reach convergence after {} steps. '\
'Consider increasing max_steps or altering learning rate / optimizer parameters'\
.format(self.max_steps)
if self.fail_if_not_converged:
raise ConvergenceError(msg)
else:
logger.warning(msg)
# Save model results if a log/event directory was set
if self.log_dir is not None and self.save_tf_model:
saver = tf.train.Saver()
saver.save(sess, os.path.join(self.log_dir, 'model.ckpt'))
sess.graph.finalize()
return self
def _init(self):
ed.get_session().close()
tf.reset_default_graph()
self.params_ = None
self.losses_ = None
def main(_):
def ratio_estimator(data, local_vars, global_vars):
"""Takes as input a dict of data x, local variable samples z, and
global variable samples beta; outputs real values of shape
(x.shape[0] + z.shape[0],). In this example, there are no local
variables.
"""
# data[y] has shape (M,); global_vars[w] has shape (D,)
# we concatenate w to each data point y, so input has shape (M, 1 + D)
input = tf.concat([
tf.reshape(data[y], [FLAGS.M, 1]),
tf.tile(tf.reshape(global_vars[w], [1, FLAGS.D]), [FLAGS.M, 1])], 1)
hidden = tf.layers.dense(input, 64, activation=tf.nn.relu)
output = tf.layers.dense(hidden, 1, activation=None)
return output
ed.set_seed(42)
# DATA
w_true = np.ones(FLAGS.D) * 5.0
X_train, y_train = build_toy_dataset(FLAGS.N, w_true)
X_test, y_test = build_toy_dataset(FLAGS.N, w_true)
data = generator([X_train, y_train], FLAGS.M)
# MODEL
X = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [FLAGS.M, FLAGS.D])
y_ph = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [FLAGS.M])
w = Normal(loc=tf.zeros(FLAGS.D), scale=tf.ones(FLAGS.D))
y = Normal(loc=ed.dot(X, w), scale=tf.ones(FLAGS.M))
# INFERENCE
qw = Normal(loc=tf.get_variable("qw/loc", [FLAGS.D]) + 1.0,
scale=tf.nn.softplus(tf.get_variable("qw/scale", [FLAGS.D])))
inference = ed.ImplicitKLqp(
{w: qw}, data={y: y_ph},
discriminator=ratio_estimator, global_vars={w: qw})
inference.initialize(n_iter=5000, n_print=100,
scale={y: float(FLAGS.N) / FLAGS.M})
sess = ed.get_session()
tf.global_variables_initializer().run()
for _ in range(inference.n_iter):
X_batch, y_batch = next(data)
for _ in range(5):
info_dict_d = inference.update(
variables="Disc", feed_dict={X: X_batch, y_ph: y_batch})
info_dict = inference.update(
variables="Gen", feed_dict={X: X_batch, y_ph: y_batch})
info_dict['loss_d'] = info_dict_d['loss_d']
info_dict['t'] = info_dict['t'] // 6 # say set of 6 updates is 1 iteration
t = info_dict['t']
inference.print_progress(info_dict)
if t == 1 or t % inference.n_print == 0:
# Check inferred posterior parameters.
mean, std = sess.run([qw.mean(), qw.stddev()])
print("\nInferred mean & std:")
print(mean)
print(std)
def main(_):
ed.set_seed(42)
# DATA
(x_train, _), (x_test, _), (x_valid, _) = caltech101_silhouettes(
FLAGS.data_dir)
x_train_generator = generator(x_train, FLAGS.batch_size)
x_ph = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, [None, 28 * 28])
# MODEL
zs = [0] * len(FLAGS.hidden_sizes)
for l in reversed(range(len(FLAGS.hidden_sizes))):
if l == len(FLAGS.hidden_sizes) - 1:
logits = tf.zeros([tf.shape(x_ph)[0], FLAGS.hidden_sizes[l]])
else:
logits = tf.layers.dense(tf.cast(zs[l + 1], tf.float32),
FLAGS.hidden_sizes[l], activation=None)
zs[l] = Bernoulli(logits=logits)
x = Bernoulli(logits=tf.layers.dense(tf.cast(zs[0], tf.float32),
28 * 28, activation=None))
# INFERENCE
# Define variational model with reverse ordering as probability model:
# if p is 15-100-300 from top-down, q is 300-100-15 from bottom-up.
qzs = [0] * len(FLAGS.hidden_sizes)
for l in range(len(FLAGS.hidden_sizes)):
if l == 0:
logits = tf.layers.dense(tf.cast(x_ph, tf.float32),
FLAGS.hidden_sizes[l], activation=None)
else:
logits = tf.layers.dense(tf.cast(qzs[l - 1], tf.float32),
FLAGS.hidden_sizes[l], activation=None)
qzs[l] = Bernoulli(logits=logits)
inference = ed.KLqp({z: qz for z, qz in zip(zs, qzs)}, data={x: x_ph})
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(FLAGS.step_size)
inference.initialize(optimizer=optimizer, n_samples=FLAGS.n_train_samples)
# Build tensor for log-likelihood given one variational sample to run
# on test data.
x_post = ed.copy(x, {z: qz for z, qz in zip(zs, qzs)})
x_neg_log_prob = (-tf.reduce_sum(x_post.log_prob(x_ph)) /
tf.cast(tf.shape(x_ph)[0], tf.float32))
sess = ed.get_session()
tf.global_variables_initializer().run()
for epoch in range(FLAGS.n_epoch):
print("Epoch {}".format(epoch))
train_loss = 0.0
pbar = Progbar(FLAGS.n_iter_per_epoch)
for t in range(1, FLAGS.n_iter_per_epoch + 1):
pbar.update(t)
x_batch = next(x_train_generator)
info_dict = inference.update(feed_dict={x_ph: x_batch})
train_loss += info_dict['loss']
# Print per-data point loss, averaged over training epoch.
train_loss /= FLAGS.n_iter_per_epoch
train_loss /= FLAGS.batch_size
print("Training negative log-likelihood: {:0.3f}".format(train_loss))
test_loss = [sess.run(x_neg_log_prob, {x_ph: x_test})
for _ in range(FLAGS.n_test_samples)]
test_loss = np.mean(test_loss)
print("Test negative log-likelihood: {:0.3f}".format(test_loss))
# Prior predictive check.
images = sess.run(x, {x_ph: x_batch}) # feed ph to determine sample size
for m in range(FLAGS.batch_size):
imsave("{}/{}.png".format(out_dir, m), images[m].reshape(28, 28))
def get_tensor(self, tensor):
sess = ed.get_session()
if not isinstance(tensor, tf.Tensor):
tensor = self.tensor_map_[tensor]
return sess.run(tensor)
def main(_):
ed.set_seed(42)
# DATA
x_train, _, x_test = text8(FLAGS.data_dir)
vocab = string.ascii_lowercase + ' '
vocab_size = len(vocab)
encoder = dict(zip(vocab, range(vocab_size)))
decoder = {v: k for k, v in encoder.items()}
data = generator(x_train, FLAGS.batch_size, FLAGS.timesteps, encoder)
# MODEL
x_ph = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, [None, FLAGS.timesteps])
with tf.variable_scope("language_model"):
# Shift input sequence to right by 1, [0, x[0], ..., x[timesteps - 2]].
x_ph_shift = tf.pad(x_ph, [[0, 0], [1, 0]])[:, :-1]
x = language_model(x_ph_shift, vocab_size)
with tf.variable_scope("language_model", reuse=True):
x_gen = language_model_gen(5, vocab_size)
imb = range(0, len(x_test) - FLAGS.timesteps, FLAGS.timesteps)
encoded_x_test = np.asarray(
[[encoder[c] for c in x_test[i:(i + FLAGS.timesteps)]] for i in imb],
dtype=np.int32)
test_size = encoded_x_test.shape[0]
print("Test set shape: {}".format(encoded_x_test.shape))
test_nll = -tf.reduce_sum(x.log_prob(x_ph))
# INFERENCE
inference = ed.MAP({}, {x: x_ph})
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=FLAGS.lr)
inference.initialize(optimizer=optimizer,
logdir=FLAGS.log_dir,
log_timestamp=False)
print("Number of sets of parameters: {}".format(
len(tf.trainable_variables())))
print("Number of parameters: {}".format(
np.sum([np.prod(v.shape.as_list()) for v in tf.trainable_variables()])))
for v in tf.trainable_variables():
print(v)
sess = ed.get_session()
tf.global_variables_initializer().run()
# Double n_epoch and print progress every half an epoch.
n_iter_per_epoch = len(x_train) // (FLAGS.batch_size * FLAGS.timesteps * 2)
epoch = 0.0
for _ in range(FLAGS.n_epoch * 2):
epoch += 0.5
print("Epoch: {0}".format(epoch))
avg_nll = 0.0
pbar = Progbar(n_iter_per_epoch)
for t in range(1, n_iter_per_epoch + 1):
pbar.update(t)
x_batch = next(data)
info_dict = inference.update({x_ph: x_batch})
avg_nll += info_dict['loss']
# Print average bits per character over epoch.
avg_nll /= (n_iter_per_epoch * FLAGS.batch_size * FLAGS.timesteps *
np.log(2))
print("Train average bits/char: {:0.8f}".format(avg_nll))
# Print per-data point log-likelihood on test set.
avg_nll = 0.0
for start in range(0, test_size, batch_size):
end = min(test_size, start + batch_size)
x_batch = encoded_x_test[start:end]
avg_nll += sess.run(test_nll, {x_ph: x_batch})
avg_nll /= test_size
print("Test average NLL: {:0.8f}".format(avg_nll))
# Generate samples from model.
samples = sess.run(x_gen)
samples = [''.join([decoder[c] for c in sample]) for sample in samples]
print("Samples:")
for sample in samples:
print(sample)
