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From sanlock(8) at sanlock.git/src/sanlock.8
SANLOCK(8) System Manager's Manual SANLOCK(8)
NAME
sanlock - shared storage lock manager
SYNOPSIS
sanlock [COMMAND] [ACTION] ...
DESCRIPTION
sanlock is a lock manager built on shared storage. Hosts with access
to the storage can perform locking. An application running on the
hosts is given a small amount of space on the shared block device or
file, and uses sanlock for its own application-specific synchroniza‐
tion. Internally, the sanlock daemon manages locks using two disk-
based lease algorithms: delta leases and paxos leases.
· delta leases are slow to acquire and demand regular i/o to shared
storage. sanlock only uses them internally to hold a lease on its
"host_id" (an integer host identifier from 1-2000). They prevent two
hosts from using the same host identifier. The delta lease renewals
also indicate if a host is alive. ("Light-Weight Leases for Storage-
Centric Coordination", Chockler and Malkhi.)
· paxos leases are fast to acquire and sanlock makes them available to
applications as general purpose resource leases. The disk paxos
algorithm uses host_id's internally to represent different hosts, and
the owner of a paxos lease. delta leases provide unique host_id's
for implementing paxos leases, and delta lease renewals serve as a
proxy for paxos lease renewal. ("Disk Paxos", Eli Gafni and Leslie
Lamport.)
Externally, the sanlock daemon exposes a locking interface through lib‐
sanlock in terms of "lockspaces" and "resources". A lockspace is a
locking context that an application creates for itself on shared stor‐
age. When the application on each host is started, it "joins" the
lockspace. It can then create "resources" on the shared storage. Each
resource represents an application-specific entity. The application
can acquire and release leases on resources.
To use sanlock from an application:
· Allocate shared storage for an application, e.g. a shared LUN or LV
from a SAN, or files from NFS.
· Provide the storage to the application.
· The application uses this storage with libsanlock to create a
lockspace and resources for itself.
· The application joins the lockspace when it starts.
· The application acquires and releases leases on resources.
How lockspaces and resources translate to delta leases and paxos leases
within sanlock:
Lockspaces
· A lockspace is based on delta leases held by each host using the
lockspace.
· A lockspace is a series of 2000 delta leases on disk, and requires
1MB of storage. (See Storage below for size variations.)
· A lockspace can support up to 2000 concurrent hosts using it, each
using a different delta lease.
· Applications can i) create, ii) join and iii) leave a lockspace,
which corresponds to i) initializing the set of delta leases on disk,
ii) acquiring one of the delta leases and iii) releasing the delta
lease.
· When a lockspace is created, a unique lockspace name and disk loca‐
tion is provided by the application.
· When a lockspace is created/initialized, sanlock formats the sequence
of 2000 on-disk delta lease structures on the file or disk, e.g.
/mnt/leasefile (NFS) or /dev/vg/lv (SAN).
· The 2000 individual delta leases in a lockspace are identified by
number: 1,2,3,...,2000.
· Each delta lease is a 512 byte sector in the 1MB lockspace, offset by
its number, e.g. delta lease 1 is offset 0, delta lease 2 is offset
512, delta lease 2000 is offset 1023488. (See Storage below for size
variations.)
· When an application joins a lockspace, it must specify the lockspace
name, the lockspace location on shared disk/file, and the local
host's host_id. sanlock then acquires the delta lease corresponding
to the host_id, e.g. joining the lockspace with host_id 1 acquires
delta lease 1.
· The terms delta lease, lockspace lease, and host_id lease are used
interchangably.
· sanlock acquires a delta lease by writing the host's unique name to
the delta lease disk sector, reading it back after a delay, and veri‐
fying it is the same.
· If a unique host name is not specified, sanlock generates a uuid to
use as the host's name. The delta lease algorithm depends on hosts
using unique names.
· The application on each host should be configured with a unique
host_id, where the host_id is an integer 1-2000.
· If hosts are misconfigured and have the same host_id, the delta lease
algorithm is designed to detect this conflict, and only one host will
be able to acquire the delta lease for that host_id.
· A delta lease ensures that a lockspace host_id is being used by a
single host with the unique name specified in the delta lease.
· Resolving delta lease conflicts is slow, because the algorithm is
based on waiting and watching for some time for other hosts to write
to the same delta lease sector. If multiple hosts try to use the
same delta lease, the delay is increased substantially. So, it is
best to configure applications to use unique host_id's that will not
conflict.
· After sanlock acquires a delta lease, the lease must be renewed until
the application leaves the lockspace (which corresponds to releasing
the delta lease on the host_id.)
· sanlock renews delta leases every 20 seconds (by default) by writing
a new timestamp into the delta lease sector.
· When a host acquires a delta lease in a lockspace, it can be referred
to as "joining" the lockspace. Once it has joined the lockspace, it
can use resources associated with the lockspace.
Resources
· A lockspace is a context for resources that can be locked and
unlocked by an application.
· sanlock uses paxos leases to implement leases on resources. The
terms paxos lease and resource lease are used interchangably.
· A paxos lease exists on shared storage and requires 1MB of space. It
contains a unique resource name and the name of the lockspace.
· An application assigns its own meaning to a sanlock resource and the
leases on it. A sanlock resource could represent some shared object
like a file, or some unique role among the hosts.
· Resource leases are associated with a specific lockspace and can only
be used by hosts that have joined that lockspace (they are holding a
delta lease on a host_id in that lockspace.)
· An application must keep track of the disk locations of its
lockspaces and resources. sanlock does not maintain any persistent
index or directory of lockspaces or resources that have been created
by applications, so applications need to remember where they have
placed their own leases (which files or disks and offsets).
· sanlock does not renew paxos leases directly (although it could).
Instead, the renewal of a host's delta lease represents the renewal
of all that host's paxos leases in the associated lockspace. In
effect, many paxos lease renewals are factored out into one delta
lease renewal. This reduces i/o when many paxos leases are used.
· The disk paxos algorithm allows multiple hosts to all attempt to
acquire the same paxos lease at once, and will produce a single win‐
ner/owner of the resource lease. (Shared resource leases are also
possible in addition to the default exclusive leases.)
· The disk paxos algorithm involves a specific sequence of reading and
writing the sectors of the paxos lease disk area. Each host has a
dedicated 512 byte sector in the paxos lease disk area where it
writes its own "ballot", and each host reads the entire disk area to
see the ballots of other hosts. The first sector of the disk area is
the "leader record" that holds the result of the last paxos ballot.
The winner of the paxos ballot writes the result of the ballot to the
leader record (the winner of the ballot may have selected another
contending host as the owner of the paxos lease.)
· After a paxos lease is acquired, no further i/o is done in the paxos
lease disk area.
· Releasing the paxos lease involves writing a single sector to clear
the current owner in the leader record.
· If a host holding a paxos lease fails, the disk area of the paxos
lease still indicates that the paxos lease is owned by the failed
host. If another host attempts to acquire the paxos lease, and finds
the lease is held by another host_id, it will check the delta lease
of that host_id. If the delta lease of the host_id is being renewed,
then the paxos lease is owned and cannot be acquired. If the delta
lease of the owner's host_id has expired, then the paxos lease is
expired and can be taken (by going through the paxos lease algo‐
rithm.)
· The "interaction" or "awareness" between hosts of each other is lim‐
ited to the case where they attempt to acquire the same paxos lease,
and need to check if the referenced delta lease has expired or not.
· When hosts do not attempt to lock the same resources concurrently,
there is no host interaction or awareness. The state or actions of
one host have no effect on others.
· To speed up checking delta lease expiration (in the case of a paxos
lease conflict), sanlock keeps track of past renewals of other delta
leases in the lockspace.
Resource Index
The resource index (rindex) is an optional sanlock feature that appli‐
cations can use to keep track of resource lease offsets. Without the
rindex, an application must keep track of where its resource leases
exist on disk and find available locations when creating new leases.
The sanlock rindex uses two align-size areas on disk following the
lockspace. The first area holds rindex entries; each entry records a
resource lease name and location. The second area holds a private
paxos lease, used by sanlock internally to protect rindex updates.
The application creates the rindex on disk with the "format" function.
Format is a disk-only operation and does not interact with the live
lockspace, so it can be called without first calling add_lockspace.
The application needs to follow the convention of writing the lockspace
at the start of the device (offset 0) and formatting the rindex immedi‐
ately following the lockspace area. When formatting, the application
must set flags for sector size and align size to match those for the
lockspace.
To use the rindex, the application:
· Uses the "create" function to create a new resource lease on disk.
This takes the place of the write_resource function. The create
function requires the location of the rindex and the name of the new
resource lease. sanlock finds a free lease area, writes the new
resource lease at that location, updates the rindex with the
name:offset, and returns the offset to the caller. The caller uses
this offset when acquiring the resource lease.
· Uses the "delete" function to remove a resource disk on disk (also
corresponding to the write_resource function.) sanlock clears the
resource lease and the rindex entry for it. A subsequent call to
create may use this same disk location for a different resource
lease.
· Uses the "lookup" function to discover the offset of a resource lease
given the resource lease name. The caller would typically call this
prior to acquiring the resource lease.
· Uses the "rebuild" function to recreate the rindex if it is damaged
or becomes inconsistent. This function scans the disk for resource
leases and creates new rindex entries to match the leases it finds.
· The "update" function manipulates rindex entries directly and should
not normally be used by the application. In normal usage, the create
and delete functions manipulate rindex entries. Update is mainly
useful for testing or repairs.
Expiration
· If a host fails to renew its delta lease, e.g. it looses access to
the storage, its delta lease will eventually expire and another host
will be able to take over any resource leases held by the host. san‐
lock must ensure that the application on two different hosts is not
holding and using the same lease concurrently.
· When sanlock has failed to renew a delta lease for a period of time,
it will begin taking measures to stop local processes (applications)
from using any resource leases associated with the expiring lockspace
delta lease. sanlock enters this "recovery mode" well ahead of the
time when another host could take over the locally owned leases.
sanlock must have sufficient time to stop all local processes that
are using the expiring leases.
· sanlock uses three methods to stop local processes that are using
expiring leases:
1. Graceful shutdown. sanlock will execute a "graceful shutdown"
program that the application previously specified for this case. The
shutdown program tells the application to shut down because its
leases are expiring. The application must respond by stopping its
activities and releasing its leases (or exit). If an application
does not specify a graceful shutdown program, sanlock sends SIGTERM
to the process instead. The process must release its leases or exit
in a prescribed amount of time (see -g), or sanlock proceeds to the
next method of stopping.
2. Forced shutdown. sanlock will send SIGKILL to processes using the
expiring leases. The processes have a fixed amount of time to exit
after receiving SIGKILL. If any do not exit in this time, sanlock
will proceed to the next method.
3. Host reset. sanlock will trigger the host's watchdog device to
forcibly reset it. sanlock carefully manages the timing of the
watchdog device so that it fires shortly before any other host could
take over the resource leases held by local processes.
Failures
If a process holding resource leases fails or exits without releasing
its leases, sanlock will release the leases for it automatically
(unless persistent resource leases were used.)
If the sanlock daemon cannot renew a lockspace delta lease for a spe‐
cific period of time (see Expiration), sanlock will enter "recovery
mode" where it attempts to stop and/or kill any processes holding
resource leases in the expiring lockspace. If the processes do not
exit in time, sanlock will force the host to be reset using the local
watchdog device.
If the sanlock daemon crashes or hangs, it will not renew the expiry
time of the per-lockspace connections it had to the wdmd daemon. This
will lead to the expiration of the local watchdog device, and the host
will be reset.
Watchdog
sanlock uses the wdmd(8) daemon to access /dev/watchdog. wdmd multi‐
plexes multiple timeouts onto the single watchdog timer. This is
required because delta leases for each lockspace are renewed and expire
independently.
sanlock maintains a wdmd connection for each lockspace delta lease
being renewed. Each connection has an expiry time for some seconds in
the future. After each successful delta lease renewal, the expiry time
is renewed for the associated wdmd connection. If wdmd finds any con‐
nection expired, it will not renew the /dev/watchdog timer. Given
enough successive failed renewals, the watchdog device will fire and
reset the host. (Given the multiplexing nature of wdmd, shorter over‐
lapping renewal failures from multiple lockspaces could cause spurious
watchdog firing.)
The direct link between delta lease renewals and watchdog renewals pro‐
vides a predictable watchdog firing time based on delta lease renewal
timestamps that are visible from other hosts. sanlock knows the time
the watchdog on another host has fired based on the delta lease time.
Furthermore, if the watchdog device on another host fails to fire when
it should, the continuation of delta lease renewals from the other host
will make this evident and prevent leases from being taken from the
failed host.
If sanlock is able to stop/kill all processing using an expiring
lockspace, the associated wdmd connection for that lockspace is
removed. The expired wdmd connection will no longer block /dev/watch‐
dog renewals, and the host should avoid being reset.
Storage
The sector size and the align size should be specified when creating
lockspaces and resources (and rindex). The "align size" is the size on
disk of a lockspace or a resource, i.e. the amount of disk space it
uses. Lockspaces and resources should use matching sector and align
sizes, and must use offsets in multiples of the align size. The max
number of hosts that can use a lockspace or resource depends on the
combination of sector size and align size, shown below. The host_id of
hosts using the lockspace can be no larger than the max_hosts value for
the lockspace.
Accepted combinations of sector size and align size, and the corre‐
sponding max_hosts (and max host_id) are:
sector_size 512, align_size 1M, max_hosts 2000
sector_size 4096, align_size 1M, max_hosts 250
sector_size 4096, align_size 2M, max_hosts 500
sector_size 4096, align_size 4M, max_hosts 1000
sector_size 4096, align_size 8M, max_hosts 2000
When sector_size and align_size are not specified, the behavior matches
the behavior before these sizes could be configured: on devices which
report sector size 512, 512/1M/2000 is used, on devices which report
sector size 4096, 4096/8M/2000 is used, and on files, 512/1M/2000 is
always used. (Other combinations are not compatible with sanlock ver‐
sion 3.6 or earlier.)
Using sanlock on shared block devices that do host based mirroring or
replication is not likely to work correctly. When using sanlock on
shared files, all sanlock io should go to one file server.
Example
This is an example of creating and using lockspaces and resources from
the command line. (Most applications would use sanlock through libsan‐
lock rather than through the command line.)
1. Allocate shared storage for sanlock leases.
This example assumes 512 byte sectors on the device, in which case
the lockspace needs 1MB and each resource needs 1MB.
The example shared block device accessible to all hosts is
/dev/leases.
2. Start sanlock on all hosts.
The -w 0 disables use of the watchdog for testing.
# sanlock daemon -w 0
3. Start a dummy application on all hosts.
This sanlock command registers with sanlock, then execs the sleep
command which inherits the registered fd. The sleep process acts
as the dummy application. Because the sleep process is registered
with sanlock, leases can be acquired for it.
# sanlock client command -c /bin/sleep 600 &
4. Create a lockspace for the application (from one host).
The lockspace is named "test".
# sanlock client init -s test:0:/dev/leases:0
5. Join the lockspace for the application.
Use a unique host_id on each host.
host1:
# sanlock client add_lockspace -s test:1:/dev/leases:0
host2:
# sanlock client add_lockspace -s test:2:/dev/leases:0
6. Create two resources for the application (from one host).
The resources are named "RA" and "RB". Offsets are used on the
same device as the lockspace. Different LVs or files could also be
used.
# sanlock client init -r test:RA:/dev/leases:1048576
# sanlock client init -r test:RB:/dev/leases:2097152
7. Acquire resource leases for the application on host1.
Acquire an exclusive lease (the default) on the first resource, and
a shared lease (SH) on the second resource.
# export P=`pidof sleep`
# sanlock client acquire -r test:RA:/dev/leases:1048576 -p $P
# sanlock client acquire -r test:RB:/dev/leases:2097152:SH -p $P
8. Acquire resource leases for the application on host2.
Acquiring the exclusive lease on the first resource will fail
because it is held by host1. Acquiring the shared lease on the
second resource will succeed.
# export P=`pidof sleep`
# sanlock client acquire -r test:RA:/dev/leases:1048576 -p $P
# sanlock client acquire -r test:RB:/dev/leases:2097152:SH -p $P
9. Release resource leases for the application on both hosts.
The sleep pid could also be killed, which will result in the san‐
lock daemon releasing its leases when it exits.
# sanlock client release -r test:RA:/dev/leases:1048576 -p $P
# sanlock client release -r test:RB:/dev/leases:2097152 -p $P
10. Leave the lockspace for the application.
host1:
# sanlock client rem_lockspace -s test:1:/dev/leases:0
host2:
# sanlock client rem_lockspace -s test:2:/dev/leases:0
11. Stop sanlock on all hosts.
# sanlock shutdown
OPTIONS
COMMAND can be one of three primary top level choices
sanlock daemon start daemon
sanlock client send request to daemon (default command if none given)
sanlock direct access storage directly (no coordination with daemon)
Daemon Command
sanlock daemon [options]
-D no fork and print all logging to stderr
-Q 0|1 quiet error messages for common lock contention
-R 0|1 renewal debugging, log debug info for each renewal
-L pri write logging at priority level and up to logfile (-1 none)
-S pri write logging at priority level and up to syslog (-1 none)
-U uid user id
-G gid group id
-t num max worker threads
-g sec seconds for graceful recovery
-w 0|1 use watchdog through wdmd
-h 0|1 use high priority (RR) scheduling
-l num use mlockall (0 none, 1 current, 2 current and future)
-b sec seconds a host id bit will remain set in delta lease bitmap
-e str local host name used in delta leases
Client Command
sanlock client action [options]
sanlock client status
Print processes, lockspaces, and resources being managed by the sanlock
daemon. Add -D to show extra internal daemon status for debugging.
Add -o p to show resources by pid, or -o s to show resources by
lockspace.
sanlock client host_status
Print state of host_id delta leases read during the last renewal.
State of all lockspaces is shown (use -s to select one). Add -D to
show extra internal daemon status for debugging.
sanlock client gets
Print lockspaces being managed by the sanlock daemon. The LOCKSPACE
string will be followed by ADD or REM if the lockspace is currently
being added or removed. Add -h 1 to also show hosts in each lockspace.
sanlock client renewal -s LOCKSPACE
Print a history of renewals with timing details. See the Renewal his‐
tory section below.
sanlock client log_dump
Print the sanlock daemon internal debug log.
sanlock client shutdown
Ask the sanlock daemon to exit. Without the force option (-f 0), the
command will be ignored if any lockspaces exist. With the force option
(-f 1), any registered processes will be killed, their resource leases
released, and lockspaces removed. With the wait option (-w 1), the
command will wait for a result from the daemon indicating that it has
shut down and is exiting, or cannot shut down because lockspaces exist
(command fails).
sanlock client init -s LOCKSPACE
Tell the sanlock daemon to initialize a lockspace on disk. The -o
option can be used to specify the io timeout to be written in the
host_id leases. The -Z and -A options can be used to specify the sec‐
tor size and align size, and both should be set together. (Also see
sanlock direct init.)
sanlock client init -r RESOURCE
Tell the sanlock daemon to initialize a resource lease on disk. The -Z
and -A options can be used to specify the sector size and align size,
and both should be set together. (Also see sanlock direct init.)
sanlock client read -s LOCKSPACE
Tell the sanlock daemon to read a lockspace from disk. Only the
LOCKSPACE path and offset are required. If host_id is zero, the first
record at offset (host_id 1) is used. The complete LOCKSPACE is
printed. Add -D to print other details. (Also see sanlock direct
read_leader.)
sanlock client read -r RESOURCE
Tell the sanlock daemon to read a resource lease from disk. Only the
RESOURCE path and offset are required. The complete RESOURCE is
printed. Add -D to print other details. (Also see sanlock direct
read_leader.)
sanlock client add_lockspace -s LOCKSPACE
Tell the sanlock daemon to acquire the specified host_id in the
lockspace. This will allow resources to be acquired in the lockspace.
The -o option can be used to specify the io timeout of the acquiring
host, and will be written in the host_id lease.
sanlock client inq_lockspace -s LOCKSPACE
Inquire about the state of the lockspace in the sanlock daemon, whether
it is being added or removed, or is joined.
sanlock client rem_lockspace -s LOCKSPACE
Tell the sanlock daemon to release the specified host_id in the
lockspace. Any processes holding resource leases in this lockspace
will be killed, and the resource leases not released.
sanlock client command -r RESOURCE -c path args
Register with the sanlock daemon, acquire the specified resource lease,
and exec the command at path with args. When the command exits, the
sanlock daemon will release the lease. -c must be the final option.
sanlock client acquire -r RESOURCE -p pid
sanlock client release -r RESOURCE -p pid
Tell the sanlock daemon to acquire or release the specified resource
lease for the given pid. The pid must be registered with the sanlock
daemon. acquire can optionally take a versioned RESOURCE string
RESOURCE:lver, where lver is the version of the lease that must be
acquired, or fail.
sanlock client convert -r RESOURCE -p pid
Tell the sanlock daemon to convert the mode of the specified resource
lease for the given pid. If the existing mode is exclusive (default),
the mode of the lease can be converted to shared with RESOURCE:SH. If
the existing mode is shared, the mode of the lease can be converted to
exclusive with RESOURCE (no :SH suffix).
sanlock client inquire -p pid
Print the resource leases held the given pid. The format is a ver‐
sioned RESOURCE string "RESOURCE:lver" where lver is the version of the
lease held.
sanlock client request -r RESOURCE -f force_mode
Request the owner of a resource do something specified by force_mode.
A versioned RESOURCE:lver string must be used with a greater version
than is presently held. Zero lver and force_mode clears the request.
sanlock client examine -r RESOURCE
Examine the request record for the currently held resource lease and
carry out the action specified by the requested force_mode.
sanlock client examine -s LOCKSPACE
Examine requests for all resource leases currently held in the named
lockspace. Only lockspace_name is used from the LOCKSPACE argument.
sanlock client set_event -s LOCKSPACE -i host_id -g gen -e num -d num
Set an event for another host. When the sanlock daemon next renews its
delta lease for the lockspace it will: set the bit for the host_id in
its bitmap, and set the generation, event and data values in its own
delta lease. An application that has registered for events from this
lockspace on the destination host will get the event that has been set
when the destination sees the event during its next delta lease
renewal.
sanlock client set_config -s LOCKSPACE
Set a configuration value for a lockspace. Only lockspace_name is used
from the LOCKSPACE argument. The USED flag has the same effect on a
lockspace as a process holding a resource lease that will not exit.
The USED_BY_ORPHANS flag means that an orphan resource lease will have
the same effect as the USED.
-u 0|1 Set (1) or clear (0) the USED flag.
-O 0|1 Set (1) or clear (0) the USED_BY_ORPHANS flag.
sanlock client format -x RINDEX
Create a resource index on disk. Use -Z and -A to set the sector size
and align size to match the lockspace.
sanlock client create -x RINDEX -e resource_name
Create a new resource lease on disk, using the rindex to find a free
offset.
sanlock client delete -x RINDEX -e resource_name[:offset]
Delete an existing resource lease on disk.
sanlock client lookup -x RINDEX -e resource_name
Look up the offset of an existing resource lease by name on disk, using
the rindex. With no -e option, lookup returns the next free lease off‐
set. If -e specifes both name and offset, the lookup verifies both are
correct.
sanlock client update -x RINDEX -e resource_name[:offset] [-z 0|1]
Add (-z 0) or remove (-z 1) an rindex entry on disk.
sanlock client rebuild -x RINDEX
Rebuild the rindex entries by scanning the disk for resource leases.
Direct Command
sanlock direct action [options]
-o sec io timeout in seconds
sanlock direct init -s LOCKSPACE
sanlock direct init -r RESOURCE
Initialize storage for a lockspace or resource. Use the -Z and -A
flags to specify the sector size and align size. The max hosts that
can use the lockspace/resource (and the max possible host_id) is deter‐
mined by the sector/align size combination. Possible combinations are:
512/1M, 4096/1M, 4096/2M, 4096/4M, 4096/8M. Lockspaces and resources
both use the same amount of space (align_size) for each combination.
When initializing a lockspace, sanlock initializes delta leases for
max_hosts in the given space. When initializing a resource, sanlock
initializes a single paxos lease in the space. With -s, the -o option
specifies the io timeout to be written in the host_id leases. With -r,
the -z 1 option invalidates the resource lease on disk so it cannot be
used until reinitialized normally.
sanlock direct read_leader -s LOCKSPACE
sanlock direct read_leader -r RESOURCE
Read a leader record from disk and print the fields. The leader record
is the single sector of a delta lease, or the first sector of a paxos
lease.
sanlock direct dump path[:offset[:size]]
Read disk sectors and print leader records for delta or paxos leases.
Add -f 1 to print the request record values for paxos leases, host_ids
set in delta lease bitmaps, and rindex entries.
sanlock direct format -x RINDEX
sanlock direct lookup -x RINDEX -e resource_name
sanlock direct update -x RINDEX -e resource_name[:offset] [-z 0|1]
sanlock direct rebuild -x RINDEX
Access the resource index on disk without going through the sanlock
daemon. This precludes using the internal paxos lease to protect
rindex modifications. See client equivalents for descriptions.
LOCKSPACE option string
-s lockspace_name:host_id:path:offset
lockspace_name name of lockspace
host_id local host identifier in lockspace
path path to storage to use for leases
offset offset on path (bytes)
RESOURCE option string
-r lockspace_name:resource_name:path:offset
lockspace_name name of lockspace
resource_name name of resource
path path to storage to use leases
offset offset on path (bytes)
RESOURCE option string with suffix
-r lockspace_name:resource_name:path:offset:lver
lver leader version
-r lockspace_name:resource_name:path:offset:SH
SH indicates shared mode
RINDEX option string
-x lockspace_name:path:offset
lockspace_name name of lockspace
path path to storage to use for leases
offset offset on path (bytes) of rindex
Defaults
sanlock help shows the default values for the options above.
sanlock version shows the build version.
OTHER
Request/Examine
The first part of making a request for a resource is writing the
request record of the resource (the sector following the leader
record). To make a successful request:
· RESOURCE:lver must be greater than the lver presently held by the
other host. This implies the leader record must be read to discover
the lver, prior to making a request.
· RESOURCE:lver must be greater than or equal to the lver presently
written to the request record. Two hosts may write a new request at
the same time for the same lver, in which case both would succeed,
but the force_mode from the last would win.
· The force_mode must be greater than zero.
· To unconditionally clear the request record (set both lver and
force_mode to 0), make request with RESOURCE:0 and force_mode 0.
The owner of the requested resource will not know of the request unless
it is explicitly told to examine its resources via the "examine"
api/command, or otherwise notfied.
The second part of making a request is notifying the resource lease
owner that it should examine the request records of its resource
leases. The notification will cause the lease owner to automatically
run the equivalent of "sanlock client examine -s LOCKSPACE" for the
lockspace of the requested resource.
The notification is made using a bitmap in each host_id delta lease.
Each bit represents each of the possible host_ids (1-2000). If host A
wants to notify host B to examine its resources, A sets the bit in its
own bitmap that corresponds to the host_id of B. When B next renews
its delta lease, it reads the delta leases for all hosts and checks
each bitmap to see if its own host_id has been set. It finds the bit
for its own host_id set in A's bitmap, and examines its resource
request records. (The bit remains set in A's bitmap for set_bit‐
map_seconds.)
force_mode determines the action the resource lease owner should take:
· FORCE (1): kill the process holding the resource lease. When the
process has exited, the resource lease will be released, and can then
be acquired by anyone. The kill signal is SIGKILL (or SIGTERM if
SIGKILL is restricted.)
· GRACEFUL (2): run the program configured by sanlock_killpath against
the process holding the resource lease. If no killpath is defined,
then FORCE is used.
Persistent and orphan resource leases
A resource lease can be acquired with the PERSISTENT flag (-P 1). If
the process holding the lease exits, the lease will not be released,
but kept on an orphan list. Another local process can acquire an
orphan lease using the ORPHAN flag (-O 1), or release the orphan lease
using the ORPHAN flag (-O 1). All orphan leases can be released by
setting the lockspace name (-s lockspace_name) with no resource name.
Renewal history
sanlock saves a limited history of lease renewal information in each
lockspace. See sanlock.conf renewal_history_size to set the amount of
history or to disable (set to 0).
IO times are measured in delta lease renewal (each delta lease renewal
includes one read and one write).
For each successful renewal, a record is saved that includes:
· the timestamp written in the delta lease by the renewal
· the time in milliseconds taken by the delta lease read
· the time in milliseconds taken by the delta lease write
Also counted and recorded are the number io timeouts and other io
errors that occur between successful renewals.
Two consecutive successful renewals would be recorded as:
timestamp=5332 read_ms=482 write_ms=5525 next_timeouts=0 next_errors=0
timestamp=5353 read_ms=99 write_ms=3161 next_timeouts=0 next_errors=0
Those fields are:
· timestamp is the value written into the delta lease during that
renewal.
· read_ms/write_ms are the milliseconds taken for the renewal
read/write ios.
· next_timeouts are the number of io timeouts that occured after the
renewal recorded on that line, and before the next successful renewal
on the following line.
· next_errors are the number of io errors (not timeouts) that occured
after renewal recorded on that line, and before the next successful
renewal on the following line.
The command 'sanlock client renewal -s lockspace_name' reports the full
history of renewals saved by sanlock, which by default is 180 records,
about 1 hour of history when using a 20 second renewal interval for a
10 second io timeout.
INTERNALS
Disk Format
· This example uses 512 byte sectors.
· Each lockspace is 1MB. It holds 2000 delta_leases, one per sector,
supporting up to 2000 hosts.
· Each paxos_lease is 1MB. It is used as a lease for one resource.
· The leader_record structure is used differently by each lease type.
· To display all leader_record fields, see sanlock direct read_leader.
· A lockspace is often followed on disk by the paxos_leases used within
that lockspace, but this layout is not required.
· The request_record and host_id bitmap are used for requests/events.
· The mode_block contains the SHARED flag indicating a lease is held in
the shared mode.
· In a lockspace, the host using host_id N writes to a single
delta_lease in sector N-1. No other hosts write to this sector. All
hosts read all lockspace sectors when renewing their own delta_lease,
and are able to monitor renewals of all delta_leases.
· In a paxos_lease, each host has a dedicated sector it writes to, con‐
taining its own paxos_dblock and mode_block structures. Its sector
is based on its host_id; host_id 1 writes to the dblock/mode_block in
sector 2 of the paxos_lease.
· The paxos_dblock structures are used by the paxos_lease algorithm,
and the result is written to the leader_record.
0x000000 lockspace foo:0:/path:0
(There is no representation on disk of the lockspace in general, only
the sequence of specific delta_leases which collectively represent the
lockspace.)
delta_lease foo:1:/path:0
0x000 0 leader_record (sector 0, for host_id 1)
magic: 0x12212010
space_name: foo
resource_name: host uuid/name
...
host_id bitmap (leader_record + 256)
delta_lease foo:2:/path:0
0x200 512 leader_record (sector 1, for host_id 2)
magic: 0x12212010
space_name: foo
resource_name: host uuid/name
...
host_id bitmap (leader_record + 256)
delta_lease foo:3:/path:0
0x400 1024 leader_record (sector 2, for host_id 3)
magic: 0x12212010
space_name: foo
resource_name: host uuid/name
...
host_id bitmap (leader_record + 256)
delta_lease foo:2000:/path:0
0xF9E00 leader_record (sector 1999, for host_id 2000)
magic: 0x12212010
space_name: foo
resource_name: host uuid/name
...
host_id bitmap (leader_record + 256)
0x100000 paxos_lease foo:example1:/path:1048576
0x000 0 leader_record (sector 0)
magic: 0x06152010
space_name: foo
resource_name: example1
0x200 512 request_record (sector 1)
magic: 0x08292011
0x400 1024 paxos_dblock (sector 2, for host_id 1)
0x480 1152 mode_block (paxos_dblock + 128)
0x600 1536 paxos_dblock (sector 3, for host_id 2)
0x680 1664 mode_block (paxos_dblock + 128)
0x800 2048 paxos_dblock (sector 4, for host_id 3)
0x880 2176 mode_block (paxos_dblock + 128)
0xFA200 paxos_dblock (sector 2001, for host_id 2000)
0xFA280 mode_block (paxos_dblock + 128)
0x200000 paxos_lease foo:example2:/path:2097152
0x000 0 leader_record (sector 0)
magic: 0x06152010
space_name: foo
resource_name: example2
0x200 512 request_record (sector 1)
magic: 0x08292011
0x400 1024 paxos_dblock (sector 2, for host_id 1)
0x480 1152 mode_block (paxos_dblock + 128)
0x600 1536 paxos_dblock (sector 3, for host_id 2)
0x680 1664 mode_block (paxos_dblock + 128)
0x800 2048 paxos_dblock (sector 4, for host_id 3)
0x880 2176 mode_block (paxos_dblock + 128)
0xFA200 paxos_dblock (sector 2001, for host_id 2000)
0xFA280 mode_block (paxos_dblock + 128)
Lease ownership
Not shown in the leader_record structures above are the owner_id,
owner_generation and timestamp fields. These are the fields that
define the lease owner.
The delta_lease at sector N for host_id N+1 has leader_record.owner_id
N+1. The leader_record.owner_generation is incremented each time the
delta_lease is acquired. When a delta_lease is acquired, the
leader_record.timestamp field is set to the time of the host and the
leader_record.resource_name is set to the unique name of the host.
When the host renews the delta_lease, it writes a new
leader_record.timestamp. When a host releases a delta_lease, it writes
zero to leader_record.timestamp.
When a host acquires a paxos_lease, it uses the host_id/generation
value from the delta_lease it holds in the lockspace. It uses this
host_id/generation to identify itself in the paxos_dblock when running
the paxos algorithm. The result of the algorithm is the winning
host_id/generation - the new owner of the paxos_lease. The winning
host_id/generation are written to the paxos_lease
leader_record.owner_id and leader_record.owner_generation fields and
leader_record.timestamp is set. When a host releases a paxos_lease, it
sets leader_record.timestamp to 0.
When a paxos_lease is free (leader_record.timestamp is 0), multiple
hosts may attempt to acquire it. The paxos algorithm, using the
paxos_dblock structures, will select only one of the hosts as the new
owner, and that owner is written in the leader_record. The paxos_lease
will no longer be free (non-zero timestamp). Other hosts will see this
and will not attempt to acquire the paxos_lease until it is free again.
If a paxos_lease is owned (non-zero timestamp), but the owner has not
renewed its delta_lease for a specific length of time, then the owner
value in the paxos_lease becomes expired, and other hosts will use the
paxos algorithm to acquire the paxos_lease, and set a new owner.
FILES
/etc/sanlock/sanlock.conf
· quiet_fail = 1
See -Q
· debug_renew = 0
See -R
· logfile_priority = 4
See -L
· logfile_use_utc = 0
Use UTC instead of local time in log messages.
· syslog_priority = 3
See -S
· names_log_priority = 4
Log resource names at this priority level (uses syslog priority num‐
bers). If this is greater than or equal to logfile_priority, each
requested resource name and location is recorded in sanlock.log.
· use_watchdog = 1
See -w
· high_priority = 1
See -h
· mlock_level = 1
See -l
· sh_retries = 8
The number of times to try acquiring a paxos lease when acquiring a
shared lease when the paxos lease is held by another host acquiring a
shared lease.
· uname = sanlock
See -U
· gname = sanlock
See -G
· our_host_name = <str>
See -e
· renewal_read_extend_sec = <seconds>
If a renewal read i/o times out, wait this many additional seconds
for that read to complete at the start of the subsequent renewal
attempt. When not configured, sanlock waits for an additional
io_timeout seconds for a previous timed out read to complete.
· renewal_history_size = 180
See -H
· paxos_debug_all = 0
Include all details in the paxos debug logging.
· debug_io = <str>
Add debug logging for each i/o. "submit" (no quotes) produces debug
output at submission time, "complete" produces debug output at com‐
pletion time, and "submit,complete" (no space) produces both.
· max_sectors_kb = <str>|<num>
Set to "ignore" (no quotes) to prevent sanlock from checking or
changing max_sectors_kb for the lockspace disk when starting a
lockspace. Set to "align" (no quotes) to set max_sectors_kb for the
lockspace disk to the align size of the lockspace. Set to a number
to set a specific number of KB for all lockspace disks.
SEE ALSO
wdmd(8)
2015-01-23 SANLOCK(8)
WDMD(8) System Manager's Manual WDMD(8)
NAME
wdmd - watchdog multiplexing daemon
SYNOPSIS
wdmd [OPTIONS]
DESCRIPTION
This daemon opens /dev/watchdog and allows multiple independent sources
to detmermine whether each KEEPALIVE is done. Every test interval (10
seconds), the daemon tests each source. If any test fails, the
KEEPALIVE is not done. In a standard configuration, the watchdog timer
will reset the system if no KEEPALIVE is done for 60 seconds ("fire
timeout"). This means that if a single test fails 5-6 times in row,
the watchdog will fire and reset the system. With multiple test
sources, fewer separate failures back to back can also cause a reset,
e.g.
T seconds, P pass, F fail
T00: test1 P, test2 P, test3 P: KEEPALIVE done
T10: test1 F, test2 F, test3 P: KEEPALIVE skipped
T20: test1 F, test2 P, test3 P: KEEPALIVE skipped
T30: test1 P, test2 F, test3 P: KEEPALIVE skipped
T40: test1 P, test2 P, test3 F: KEEPALIVE skipped
T50: test1 F, test2 F, test3 P: KEEPALIVE skipped
T60: test1 P, test2 F, test3 P: KEEPALIVE skipped
T60: watchdog fires, system resets
(Depending on timings, the system may be reset sometime shortly before
T60, and the tests at T60 would not be run.)
A crucial aspect to the design and function of wdmd is that if any sin‐
gle source does not pass tests for the fire timeout, the watchdog is
guaranteed to fire, regardless of whether other sources on the system
have passed or failed. A spurious reset due to the combined effects of
multiple failing tests as shown above, is an accepted side effect.
The wdmd init script will load the softdog module if no other watchdog
module has been loaded.
wdmd cannot be used on the system with any other program that needs to
open /dev/watchdog, e.g. watchdog(8).
Test Source: clients
Using libwdmd, programs connect to wdmd via a unix socket, and send
regular messages to wdmd to update an expiry time for their connection.
Every test interval, wdmd will check if the expiry time for a connec‐
tion has been reached. If so, the test for that client fails.
Test Source: scripts
wdmd will run scripts from a designated directory every test interval.
If a script exits with 0, the test is considered a success, otherwise a
failure. If a script does not exit by the end of the test interval, it
is considered a failure.
OPTIONS
--version, -V
Print version.
--help, -h
Print usage.
--dump, -d
Print debug information from the daemon.
--probe, -p
Print path of functional watchdog device. Exit code 0 indi‐
cates a
functional device was found. Exit code 1 indicates a func‐
tional device
was not found.
-D
Enable debugging to stderr and don't fork.
-H 0|1
Enable (1) or disable (0) high priority features such as real‐
time
scheduling priority and mlockall.
-G name
Group ownership for the socket.
-S 0|1
Enable (1) or disable (0) script tests.
-s path
Path to scripts dir.
-k num
Kill unfinished scripts after num seconds.
-w path
The path to the watchdog device to try first.
2011-08-01 WDMD(8):