Scraper of the Dutch real estate website Funda.nl, written in Python Scrapy.

There are two spiders:

1. funda_spider scrapes all properties for sale in a certain city, such as http://www.funda.nl/koop/amsterdam/,
2. funda_spider_sold scrapes data on properties which have recently been sold, such as those listed on http://www.funda.nl/koop/verkocht/amsterdam/.
3. 使用时必须使用小写城市名 深度不能超过2

After installing Scrapy, in the project directory simply run the command

scrapy crawl funda_spider -a place=amsterdam -o amsterdam_for_sale.json

to generate a JSON file amsterdam_for_sale.json with all houses for sale listed on http://www.funda.nl/koop/amsterdam/ and its subpages. The keyword argument place can be used to scrape data from other cities; for example place=rotterdam will scrape data from http://www.funda.nl/koop/rotterdam/.

For recently sold homes, run

scrapy crawl funda_spider_sold -a place=amsterdam -o amsterdam_sold.json

to generate an amsterdam_sold.json with data from http://www.funda.nl/koop/verkocht/amsterdam/. Alternatively, CSV output can be generated by typing amsterdam_sold.csv extension instead of amsterdam_sold.json.

The scraped data contains the following fields: address, postal_code, year_built, area, rooms, bedrooms, and price, the asking price. For sold homes, the JSON will include posting_date and sale_date. These properties can be further analyzed using Python Pandas, for example. A couple of applications are shown below.

By applying geolocation to the addresses, attributes such as price per unit area can be mapped (Figure 1). Such attributes can be used for 'bargain hunting' by identifying outliers.

Figure 1. Price per unit area (EUR/m²) of houses for sale in Amsterdam on 18 July 2016, plotted using OpenHeatMap. (Due to a quotum on the number of geolocation requests per individual address, geolocation was performed by grouping properties by the first 4 digits of their postal codes and using a downloaded database of their coordinates; this is why the 'blobs' are unevenly distributed).

An interesting observation from Figure 1 is the clear price difference between Amsterdam Centrum and Amsterdam Noord across the Ij river. (This will probably be reduced once the North-South metro line is completed).

The data can also be visualized in time, and used as a gauge of market sentiment. Figure 2 illustrates the development of (most recent) asking prices and the time it takes for properties to sell.

Figure 2. Asking prices before sale (above) and days the property was offered on Funda (below) for over 11,000 properties in the period 1 April 2015 - 18 July 2016. The blue dots represent individual properties, the red curves weekly averages, and the green curves (weighted) exponential fits of the weekly averages.

As seen from Figure 2, over the period observed, house prices have increased by 15% per year on average. Despite that, the average time it takes for a property to sell has more than halved. (It remains to investigate whether these results are biased by how long Funda keeps pages of sold properties online). In short, the data seems to confirm that the Amsterdam housing market is heating up!