def hands( freq=166 ):
"""Draw three hands.
:param freq: Frequency of refresh in milliseconds.
"""
global running
now= datetime.datetime.now()
time= now.time()
h, m, s, ms = time.hour, time.minute, time.second, int(time.microsecond/1000)
# Erase old hands.
while turtle.undobufferentries():
turtle.undo()
# Draw new hands.
hand( h*5+m/60+s/3600, .6*R, 3 )
hand( m+s/60, .8*R, 2 )
hand( s+ms/1000, .9*R, 1 )
# Draw date and time
turtle.penup(); turtle.home()
turtle.goto( 0, -120 ); turtle.write( now.strftime("%b %d %H:%M:%S"), align="center", font=("Helvetica", 24, "normal") )
# Reschedule hands function
if running:
# Reset timer for next second (including microsecond tweak)
turtle.ontimer( hands, freq-(ms%freq) )
def undo():
global commandList
print("The number commands that can be undone: ", \
turtle.undobufferentries())
undoInput = input("""If you would like to undo just one command type \
"undo".\n\n
Alternatively, if you would like to retrace all the turtle's steps to the \
beginning then please type "reversetimeloop".""")
if undoInput == "undo":
turtle.undo()
commandList.pop()
elif undoInput == "reversetimeloop":
while turtle.undobufferentries():
turtle.undo()
pass
else:
print("Command not recognised")
def demo2():
"""Demo of some new features."""
# 使用最慢速度 0最快,1-10逐渐加快
turtle.speed(1)
# 隐藏画笔(即海龟箭头),同 turtle.hideturtle()。此时只要画笔是按下状态，虽然隐藏了但是还是能绘制图形的
#turtle.ht()
# 显示画笔,同 turtle.showturtle()
#turtle.st()
# 设置画笔线条粗细为3,同turtle.width(3)
turtle.pensize(3)
# 设置海龟箭头当前方向角度(当前模式下海龟箭头当前位置指向(0,0)点的向量角度),turtle.towards(0, 0)其实是当前方向的反方向
turtle.setheading(turtle.towards(0, 0))
# 计算半径(海龟箭头当前位置到(0,0)位置距离的一半)
radius = turtle.distance(0, 0) / 2.0
# 海龟箭头右转90度,即以海龟箭头当前位置到(0,0)为直径画
turtle.rt(90)
# 画18次角度为10度的小段圆弧,画笔每按下画一小段就再抬起移动一小段
for _ in range(18):
switchpen(turtle.getturtle())
turtle.circle(radius, 10)
turtle.write("wait a moment...")
# 等待2秒
time.sleep(2)
# 撤销所有
while turtle.undobufferentries():
turtle.undo()
# 清屏并将画笔位置和方向恢复到初始状态并保持画笔形状不变，即位置到原点(0, 0)，因为模式是"standard"方向恢复向右,"standard"/"world"模式方向也恢复到默认的向右,"logo"模式方向恢复到默认的向上
turtle.reset()
# 海龟箭头左转90度
turtle.lt(90)
turtle.colormode(255)
# 定义等边三角形默认的边长
laenge = 10
turtle.pencolor("green")
# 设置画笔线条粗细为3, 同turtle.width(3)
turtle.pensize(3)
# 海龟箭头左转180度
turtle.lt(180)
# i为-2 到15 共遍历18次,之所以i有负数,是因为内循环中turtle.fillcolor(255-15*i, 0, 15*i)中的15*i不能超过255(即colormode的值)
for i in range(-2, 16):
print("当前i=", i)
# 后15次画的图形进行填充,每次填充色不同
if i > 0:
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.fillcolor(255 - 15 * i, 0, 15 * i)
# 画等边三角形
for _ in range(3):
turtle.fd(laenge)
turtle.lt(120)
# 后15次画的图形填充完毕
if i > 0:
turtle.end_fill()
# 每画完一个等边三角形,等边三角形的变成增加10像素,并且角度左转15度
laenge += 10
turtle.lt(15)
# 达到 慢->快->慢->快 的效果 (速度值>10 则被置为0即最快速度)
turtle.speed((turtle.speed() + 1) % 12)
# 海龟箭头左转120度
turtle.lt(120)
# 画笔抬起
turtle.pu()
# 向前移动70像素
turtle.fd(70)
# 海龟箭头向右转30度
turtle.rt(30)
# 画笔放下
turtle.pd()
# pencolor设置成红色并且fillcolor设置成黄色
turtle.color("red", "yellow")
# 速度设置成最快
turtle.speed(0)
# 画图形并填充
turtle.begin_fill()
for _ in range(4):
# 绘制1/4圆
turtle.circle(50, 90)
# 右转90度
turtle.rt(90)
# 前移30像素
turtle.fd(30)
# 右转90度
turtle.rt(90)
# 图形填充完毕
turtle.end_fill()
# 海龟箭头左转90度
turtle.lt(90)
# 画笔抬起
turtle.pu()
# 向前移动30像素
turtle.fd(30)
# 画笔放下
turtle.pd()
# 海龟箭头图标设置成海龟
turtle.shape("turtle")
# 获取(默认的)第一个Turtle实例对象
tri = turtle.getturtle(
) # 下文中的 tri(默认的)第一个Turtle实例对象，可以将所有的tri替换成turtle,比如tri.lt(100) 可改成 turtle.lt(100)
# 设置tri的(海龟箭头和)画笔大小的缩放模式为auto,此模式下(海龟箭头和)画笔随 pensize变化而变化.
tri.resizemode("auto")
# 创建一个新的Turtle实例对象并返回该对象实例
turtle1 = turtle.Turtle()
# 设置turtle1的(海龟箭头和)画笔大小的缩放模式为auto,此模式下(海龟箭头和)画笔随 pensize变化而变化.
turtle1.resizemode("auto")
# turtle1的海龟箭头图标设置成海龟
turtle1.shape("turtle")
turtle1.reset()
turtle1.lt(90)
# turtle1设置画笔速度为0最大速度
turtle1.speed(0)
# turtle1的画笔抬起
turtle1.pu()
# turtle1的画笔移动到坐标点(280, 40)
turtle1.goto(280, 40)
# turtle1的左转30度
turtle1.lt(30)
# turtle1的画笔放下
turtle1.pd()
# turtle1设置画笔速度为6
turtle1.speed(6)
# turtle1的pencolor设置成蓝色并且fillcolor设置成橘黄色
turtle1.color("blue", "orange")
# 设置画笔线条粗细为2, 同turtle.width(2)
turtle1.pensize(2)
# tri设置画笔速度为6
tri.speed(6)
# tri方向指向turtle1当前位置
tri.setheading(tri.towards(turtle1))
count = 1
# 只要tri与turtle1之间距离>4像素进入循环
while tri.distance(turtle1) > 4:
turtle1.fd(3.5)
turtle1.lt(0.6)
tri.setheading(tri.towards(turtle1))
tri.fd(4)
if count % 20 == 0:
# 当前位置拷贝一份turtle1实例的当前海龟箭头图标
turtle1.stamp()
# 当前位置拷贝一份tri实例的当前海龟箭头图标
tri.stamp()
# tri间断效果
switchpen(tri)
# turtle1间断效果
#switchpen(turtle1)
count += 1
tri.write("CAUGHT! ", font=("Arial", 16, "bold"), align="right")
tri.pencolor("black")
tri.pencolor("red")
# 等待2秒
time.sleep(2)
# 此处的turtle.undobufferentries()等价于turtle.getturtle().undobufferentries()或tri.undobufferentries()表示只要第一个turtle实例可以撤销,就一直撤销,因为tri的操作数量相对于turtle1要多,为了两个对象都撤销完所以用了前者
while turtle.undobufferentries():
# tri对象撤销一步
tri.undo()
# turtle1对象撤销一步
turtle1.undo()
# tri对象向前移动50像素
tri.fd(50)
tri.write(" Click anywhere to exit!", font=("Courier", 12, "bold"))
# 获取海龟屏幕TurtleScreen对象实例
screen = turtle.getscreen()
# 注册点击事件,点击海龟屏幕TurtleScreen任何位置,触发close_window函数
screen.onclick(close_window)
