def run():
# You know those from the helloworld.py example.
# Initialize the video subsystem, create a window and make it visible.
video.init()
window = video.Window("Pixel Access", size=(800, 600))
window.show()
spritefactory = video.SpriteFactory(video.SOFTWARE)
uifactory = video.UIFactory(spritefactory)
# Since all gui elements are sprites, we can use the SpriteRenderer
# class, we learned about in helloworld.py, to draw them on the
# Window.
renderer = spritefactory.create_sprite_renderer(window)
# Create a new UIProcessor, which will handle the user input events
# and pass them on to the relevant user interface elements.
uiprocessor = video.UIProcessor()
# Create a scene manager - this one will take care of managing the
# different scenes.
scenemanager = SceneManager()
# Every time we switch to a different scene, reset the video window, so
# we do not have any artifacts left on the screen.
scenemanager.switched += lambda mgr: video.fill(renderer.surface, 0x0)
# Create the initial scene.
mainmenu = Scene("Main Menu")
# We need the uifactory to create buttons for the different scenes.
mainmenu.uifactory = uifactory
# Bind the start and end events of the scene. started() will be invoked
# every time the SceneManager starts the scene. ended() will be invoked,
# if the scene ends, e.g. if a new scene is pushed to the manager.
mainmenu.started += start_mainmenu
mainmenu.ended += end_scene
# Push the initial scene to the SceneManager.
scenemanager.push(mainmenu)
running = True
while running:
# Process the SceneManager. This takes care of updating the scene
# states by checking, if a new scene has to be displayed or not.
scenemanager.update()
# The main event loop; we already learned about that in other examples.
# Check for the events and pass them around.
for event in video.get_events():
if event.type == sdlevents.SDL_QUIT:
running = False
break
# Pass the SDL2 events to the UIProcessor, which takes care of
# the user interface logic.
uiprocessor.dispatch(scenemanager.current.components, event)
# Render all components on all scenes.
renderer.render(scenemanager.current.components)
window.refresh()
video.quit()
return 0
def run():
video.init()
window = video.Window("The Pong Game", size=(800, 600))
window.show()
factory = video.SpriteFactory(video.SOFTWARE)
# For hardware acceleration, comment out the above line and uncomment the
# next two lines
#
# renderer = video.RenderContext(window)
# factory = video.SpriteFactory(video.TEXTURE, renderer=renderer)
#
# Create the paddles - we want white ones. To keep it easy enough for us,
# we create a set of surfaces that can be used for Texture- and
# Software-based sprites.
sp_paddle1 = factory.from_color(WHITE, size=(20, 100))
sp_paddle2 = factory.from_color(WHITE, size=(20, 100))
sp_ball = factory.from_color(WHITE, size=(20, 20))
world = World()
movement = MovementSystem(0, 0, 800, 600)
collision = CollisionSystem(0, 0, 800, 600)
aicontroller = TrackingAIController(0, 600)
if factory.sprite_type == video.SOFTWARE:
spriterenderer = SoftwareRenderer(window)
else:
spriterenderer = TextureRenderer(renderer)
world.add_system(aicontroller)
world.add_system(movement)
world.add_system(collision)
world.add_system(spriterenderer)
player1 = Player(world, sp_paddle1, 0, 250)
player2 = Player(world, sp_paddle2, 780, 250, True)
ball = Ball(world, sp_ball, 390, 290)
ball.velocity.vx = -BALL_SPEED
collision.ball = ball
aicontroller.ball = ball
running = True
while running:
for event in video.get_events():
if event.type == sdlevents.SDL_QUIT:
running = False
break
if event.type == sdlevents.SDL_KEYDOWN:
if event.key.keysym.sym == sdlkc.SDLK_UP:
player1.velocity.vy = -PADDLE_SPEED
elif event.key.keysym.sym == sdlkc.SDLK_DOWN:
player1.velocity.vy = PADDLE_SPEED
elif event.type == sdlevents.SDL_KEYUP:
if event.key.keysym.sym in (sdlkc.SDLK_UP, sdlkc.SDLK_DOWN):
player1.velocity.vy = 0
sdltimer.delay(10)
world.process()
def run():
# You know those from the helloworld.py example.
# Initialize the video subsystem, create a window and make it visible.
video.init()
window = video.Window("Pixel Access", size=(800, 600))
window.show()
# As in colorpalettes.py, explicitly acquire the window's surface to
# draw on.
windowsurface = window.get_surface()
# We implement the functionality as it was done in colorpalettes.py and
# utilise a mapping table to look up the function to be executed, together
# with the arguments they should receive
functions = ((draw_horizontal_stripes, (windowsurface, 300, 500, 200, 400)),
(draw_vertical_stripes, (windowsurface, 300, 500, 200, 400)),
)
# A storage variable for the function we are currently on, so that we know
# which function to execute next.
curindex = 0
# The event loop is nearly the same as we used in colorpalettes.py. If you
# do not know, what happens here, take a look at colorpalettes.py for a
# detailled description.
running = True
while running:
events = video.get_events()
for event in events:
if event.type == sdlevents.SDL_QUIT:
running = False
break
if event.type == sdlevents.SDL_MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
curindex += 1
if curindex >= len(functions):
curindex = 0
# In contrast to colorpalettes.py, our mapping table consists
# of functions and their arguments. Thus, we get the currently
# requested function and argument tuple and execute the
# function with the arguments.
func, args = functions[curindex]
func(*args)
break
window.refresh()
video.quit()
return 0
def run():
# Create the environment, in which our particles will exist.
world = World()
# Set up the globally available information about the current mouse
# position. We use that information to determine the emitter
# location for new particles.
world.mousex = 400
world.mousey = 300
# Create the particle engine. It is just a simple System that uses
# callback functions to update a set of components.
engine = particles.ParticleEngine()
# Bind the callback functions to the particle engine. The engine
# does the following on processing:
# 1) reduce the life time of each particle by one
# 2) create a list of particles, which's life time is 0 or below.
# 3) call createfunc() with the world passed to process() and
# the list of dead particles
# 4) call updatefunc() with the world passed to process() and the
# set of particles, which still are alive.
# 5) call deletefunc() with the world passed to process() and the
# list of dead particles. deletefunc() is respsonible for
# removing the dead particles from the world.
engine.createfunc = createparticles
engine.updatefunc = updateparticles
engine.deletefunc = deleteparticles
world.add_system(engine)
# We create all particles at once before starting the processing.
# We also could create them in chunks to have a visually more
# appealing effect, but let's keep it simple.
createparticles(world, None, 300)
# Initialize the video subsystem, create a window and make it visible.
video.init()
window = video.Window("Particles", size=(800, 600))
window.show()
renderer = video.RenderContext(window)
factory = video.SpriteFactory(video.TEXTURE, renderer=renderer)
# Create a set of images to be used as particles on rendering. The
# images are used by the ParticleRenderer created below.
images = (factory.from_image(RESOURCES.get_path("circle.png")),
factory.from_image(RESOURCES.get_path("square.png")),
factory.from_image(RESOURCES.get_path("star.png"))
)
# Center the mouse on the window. We use the SDL2 functions directly
# here. Since the SDL2 functions do not know anything about the
# video.Window class, we have to pass the window's SDL_Window to it.
sdlmouse.warp_mouse_in_window(window.window, world.mousex, world.mousey)
# Hide the mouse cursor, os it does not show up - just show the
# particles.
sdlmouse.show_cursor(False)
# Create the rendering system for the particles. This is somewhat
# similar to the SoftSpriteRenderer, but since we only operate with
# hundreds of particles (and not sprites with all their overhead),
# we need an own rendering system.
particlerenderer = ParticleRenderer(renderer, images)
world.add_system(particlerenderer)
# The almighty event loop. You already know several parts of it.
running = True
while running:
for event in video.get_events():
if event.type == sdlevents.SDL_QUIT:
running = False
break
if event.type == sdlevents.SDL_MOUSEMOTION:
# Take care of the mouse motions here. Every time the
# mouse is moved, we will make that information globally
# available to our application environment by updating
# the world attributes created earlier.
world.mousex = event.motion.x
world.mousey = event.motion.y
# We updated the mouse coordinates once, ditch all the
# other ones. Since world.process() might take several
# milliseconds, new motion events can occur on the event
# queue (10ths to 100ths!), and we do not want to handle
# each of them. For this example, it is enough to handle
# one per update cycle.
sdlevents.flush_event(sdlevents.SDL_MOUSEMOTION)
break
world.process()
video.quit()
return 0
def run():
# You know those from the helloworld.py example.
# Initialize the video subsystem, create a window and make it visible.
video.init()
window = video.Window("Color Palettes", size=(800, 600))
window.show()
# Explicitly acquire the window's surface to draw on. We used the
# SpriteRenderer class in helloworld.py, which did the drawing magic for
# us. Now we will do it ourselves, so we have to get a surface to draw on.
# NOTE: if you intend to use textures or the SDL renderers, you must not
# use the method.
windowsurface = window.get_surface()
# A simple mapping table for the builtin color palettes. We will use
# the table to look up the color palette to draw an the title to set below.
palettes = (
("Mono Palette", colorpalettes.MONOPALETTE),
("2-bit Gray Palette", colorpalettes.GRAY2PALETTE),
("4-bit Gray Palette", colorpalettes.GRAY4PALETTE),
("8-bit Gray Palette", colorpalettes.GRAY8PALETTE),
("3-bit RGB Palette", colorpalettes.RGB3PALETTE),
("CGA Palette", colorpalettes.CGAPALETTE),
("EGA Palette", colorpalettes.EGAPALETTE),
("VGA Palette", colorpalettes.VGAPALETTE),
("Web Palette", colorpalettes.WEBPALETTE),
)
# A storage variable for the palette we are currently on, so that we know
# which palette to draw next.
curindex = 0
# Since it is not that nice to have a black window right at the start of
# the application, we will set the window's title to the first entry
# of our mapping tables. Afterwards, we will draw the matching palette
# to the window surface.
window.title = palettes[0][0]
draw_palette(windowsurface, palettes[0][1])
# The event loop. In helloworld.py we used the TestEventProcessor class,
# since there was not much to do. Now however, we want to react on the user
# input. Every time the user clicks around in our window, we want to
# show the next palette. Once we reached the last palette within the
# mapping table, we will start again with the first one.
running = True
while running:
# This will check for any events that piled up since the last check.
# If one or multiple events were found (such as a click, a mouse
# movement, keyboard input, etc.), we will retrieve them.
events = video.get_events()
# In case there was no event, we do not need to do anything. This
# might happen, if e.g. the user works with another application. Since
# poll_event() does not wait for an event to occur (that'd mean your
# application blocks until there is an event), we have to handle
# this.
for event in events:
# The received events can contain different information. There
# might be mouse movements, clicks, keyboard hits and many more.
# All of those carry different information. A mouse movement will
# contain the mouse cursor position, while a keyoard hit will
# contain the key that was pressed. Depending on that, we need to
# handle the occured event in a different way, which is done here.
#
# In case of a special QUIT event, the user wants to quit the
# application, just as you are used to closing an editor.
# If the user wants to quit the application, we should let him do
# so. This is done by breaking out of the while loop.
if event.type == sdlevents.SDL_QUIT:
running = False
break
# We received a mouse button press event. As you can see from the
# type, the user pressed the mouse button, but did not necesarily
# release it. As such, it is not a typical click, but only 50% of
# it, which is sufficient for our case here.
if event.type == sdlevents.SDL_MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
# If the user pressed the button, we want to draw the next
# palette and update the window title accordingly. We do this
# by increasing the storage variable and - in case it reached
# the last entry, set it back to the first entry.
curindex += 1
if curindex >= len(palettes):
curindex = 0
window.title = palettes[curindex][0]
draw_palette(windowsurface, palettes[curindex][1])
# If we found a single click (there might be many more)
# we will break out of checking the rest of events.
# Improved implementations could use the type= argument
# for video.get_events() to filter specific events and
# ignore anything else.
break
# Once the events were properly handled, we will refresh the window,
# since it might have happened that the user moved the window around,
# pressed a button or did something else. In all those cases, we want
# the palettes to be shown, so we need to refresh the window. This will
# cause the window internally to copy its surface information (those
# we used to draw the palette on) to the screen, where the window
# currently is placed on.
# Comment this line out to see what happens!
window.refresh()
# As for helloworld.py, we have to call video.quit(), since we also
# called video.init().
video.quit()
return 0
def run():
# You know those from the helloworld.py example.
# Initialize the video subsystem, create a window and make it visible.
video.init()
window = video.Window("UI Elements", size=(800, 600))
window.show()
spritefactory = video.SpriteFactory(video.SOFTWARE)
# If you want hardware-accelerated rendering, use video.TEXTURE instead
# and pass a renderer along:
#
# renderer = video.RenderContext(window)
# factory = video.SpriteFactory(video.TEXTURE, renderer=renderer)
#
# Create a UI factory, which will handle several defaults for
# us. Also, the UIFactory can utilises software-based UI elements as
# well as hardware-accelerated ones; this allows us to keep the UI
# creation code clean.
uifactory = video.UIFactory(spritefactory)
# Create a simple Button sprite, which reacts on mouse movements and
# button presses and fill it with a white color. All UI elements
# inherit directly from the TextureSprite (for TEXTURE) or SoftwareSprite
# (for SOFTWARE), so everything you can do with those classes is also
# possible for the UI elements.
button = uifactory.from_image \
(video.BUTTON, RESOURCES.get_path("button.bmp"))
button.position = 50, 50
# Create a TextEntry sprite, which reacts on keyboard presses and
# text input.
entry = uifactory.from_image \
(video.TEXTENTRY, RESOURCES.get_path("textentry.bmp"))
entry.position = 50, 200
# Create a CheckButton sprite. The CheckButton is a specialised
# Button, which can switch its state, identified by the 'checked'
# attribute by clicking.
checkbutton = uifactory.from_image \
(video.CHECKBUTTON, RESOURCES.get_path("button.bmp"))
checkbutton.position = 200, 50
# Bind some actions to the button's event handlers. Whenever a click
# (combination of a mouse button press and mouse button release), the
# onclick() function will be called.
# Whenever the mouse moves around in the area occupied by the button, the
# onmotion() function will be called.
# The event handlers receive the issuer of the event as first argument
# (the button is the issuer of that event) and the SDL event data as second
# argument for further processing, if necessary.
button.click += onclick
button.motion += onmotion
# Bind some actions to the entry's event handlers. The TextEntry
# receives input events, once it has been activated by a mouse
# button press on its designated area. The UIProcessor class takes
# care of this internally through its activate() method. If the
# TextEntry is activated, SDL_TEXTINPUT events are enabled by the
# relevant SDL2 functions, causing input events to occur, that are
# handled by the TextEntry.
entry.input += oninput
entry.editing += onedit
# Since all gui elements are sprites, we can use the
# SpriteRenderer class, we learned about in helloworld.py, to
# draw them on the Window.
spriterenderer = spritefactory.create_sprite_renderer(window)
# Create a new UIProcessor, which will handle the user input events
# and pass them on to the relevant user interface elements.
uiprocessor = video.UIProcessor()
running = True
while running:
events = video.get_events()
for event in events:
if event.type == sdlevents.SDL_QUIT:
running = False
break
# Pass the SDL2 events to the UIProcessor, which takes care of
# the user interface logic.
uiprocessor.dispatch([button, checkbutton, entry], event)
event = sdlevents.poll_event(True)
# Render all user interface elements on the window.
spriterenderer.render((button, entry, checkbutton))
video.quit()
return 0
