This is the JPL's group Bayesian-inference pipeline for the first IPTA mock data challenge. See also our submission to the challenge.

This is also the home of the libstempo Python wrapper for tempo2. If that's what you're looking for, you need only the libstempo folder. Look there for installation instructions.

The pipeline estimates GWB and pulsar-noise parameters using Markov-Chain Monte Carlo integration with time-domain covariance-matrix evaluation of likelihoods, following van Haasteren et al. (2009), automatically marginalizing over timing-solution uncertainties.

The integration is run with Goodman and Weare's (2010) affine-invariant ensemble sampler, as implemented in Foreman-Mackey et al.'s parallel emcee (2012). tempo2 (version cvs-2012-4) was used to generate residuals and to dump the design matrix for the timing-solution fit, using the DESIGNMATRIX plugin. Covariance-matrix and likelihood routines are coded in Python, using the numpy and scipy vector and linear-algebra libraries, and the multiprocessing module for multi-core parallelization.

The emcee ensemble sampler evolves a population of walkers, and the last-step population can be used to approximate the posterior parameter distributions. Chain convergence can be assessed by plotting chains, integrated parameters, and by evaluating autocorrelation times.

• Python 2.7
• numpy and scipy
• emcee
• tempo2, including the designmatrix plugin
• matplotlib, for plotting only

• code/background.py: the main Bayesian-inference script
• code/constants.py: a Python module that defines a number of simple physical constants
• code/like.py: a Python module that computes a likelihood based on the van Haasteren covariance-matrix approach
• code/makearray.py: a script that makes numpy data files from ASCII dumps of post-fit residuals and design matrices, as produced by tempo2
• code/makeres.py: a script that calls tempo2 to dump residuals and design matrices
• code/postprocess.py: a script that computes simple statistics and makes plots from the emcee chains
• code/resume.py: a script that renames data files in ../runs to allow a run to be restarted
• code/util.py: a Python module that defines two useful contexts (timing, to time a block of code, and numpy_seterr, to temporarily change the numpy error settings)

• You first need to translate the challenge .par and .tim files into a form suitable for the pipeline. This requires tempo2, and it's done by running the scripts makeres.py and makearray.py with a single argument, the directory that contains the .par and .tim files. The resulting .npy files (portable numpy arrays) should sit in directory ../tempo2 (with respect to the directory containing the scripts). For example, if the .par and .tim files for challenge open1 are in directory ../tempo2/open1, you would do:

    $ python makeres.py ../tempo2/open1
    $ python makearray.py ../tempo2/open1
  

  These commands will create the files open1-data.npy, open1-meta.npy, and open1-desi.npy in ../tempo2.

• You also need to create the directory ../runs, which will contain the search results and plots.

• The script background.py performs Bayesian inference, and has the following help line:

    usage: background.py [-h] [-p P] [-s S] [-n N] [-w W] [-N N] [-l L] [-i] [-r] [-c C]
                         CHALLENGE
  
    positional arguments:
      CHALLENGE   challenge name
  
    optional arguments:
      -h, --help  show this help message and exit
      -p P        number of processors
      -s S        suffix for save file
      -n N        number of search parameters
      -w W        number of walkers
      -N N        number of iterations
      -r          resume run
      -c C        checkpoint interval
  

  For instance:

    $ python background.py open1 -s test -p 8 -n 74 -w 1000 -N 200
  

  which will use 8 cores to run a 74-parameter search (the GW amplitude and "alpha" exponent), plus red-noise parameters for all pulsars in the IPTA dataset. The search uses an emcee cloud of 1000 walkers, evolved through 200 steps. The resulting chain will be saved as a 200 x 1000 x 74 numpy array in ../runs/chain-open1-test-74.npy; also ../runs/lnprob-open1-test-74.npy contains the 200 x 1000 array of log posteriors, and ../runs/resume-open1-test-74.npy the 1000 x 74 array describing the final cloud.

• Currently inference is possible with one parameter (the GW-background amplitude, with alpha exponent set to -2/3); two parameters (GW-background amplitude and exponent); four parameters (GW-background amplitude and exponent, plus red-noise amplitude and exponent common to all pulsars—note that these follow a different convention, as used in the IPTA MDC specification); 2 + 2 x #pulsars parameters (GW-background amplitude and exponent, plus individual red-noise amplitudes and exponents); 2 + 3 x #pulsars parameters (GW-background amplitude and exponent, plus individual red-noise amplitude, red-noise exponent, and "EFAC" multiplier for each pulsar).

• The search can be restarted by running python resume.py open1-test-74, and then giving the additional -r argument to the background.py command line. Running with the -c option will dump partial results (and a resume file) every C steps.

• The script postprocess.py outputs statistics and makes plots from the chain files:

    usage: postprocess.py [-h] [-n N] [-f F] [-p P] [-P] [-H] [-a] [-c] [-R] [-g]
                          CHALLENGE
  
    positional arguments:
      CHALLENGE   Challenge name
  
    optional arguments:
      -h, --help  show this help message and exit
      -n N        Number of search parameters
      -f F        Fraction of steps (or if negative, single step from end) to include
                  in statistics and histograms; defaults to the last step alone (-1)
      -p P        Which pulsar to plot red noise for [1-]
      -P          Save to PDF instead of showing to screen?
      -H          Plot histograms?
      -a          Plot evolution of averages?
      -c          Plot chains?
      -R          Make plot of all red noises (for 74/110-parameter runs)?
  

  In this case, we could run

    $ python postprocess.py open1-test -n 74 -H
  

• Michele Vallisneri