- Introduction
- Getting Started
- General Navigation, TAB Autocomplete and Global Commands
- Help command
- System information and configuration
- System information
- System configuration
- System session information and configuration
- Network configuration
- Simple static IP setup
- Volume creation and management
- Sharing
- AFP Shares
- NFS Shares
- Account management
- Users
- Groups
- Containers
- Preface
- VMs
- Services
- Controlling services
- Configuring services
In FreeNAS 10, we have created an entirely new CLI which is intended to offer full feature parity with the GUI and well beyond, offering advanced user commands which would only add complexity and confusion to the GUI. Our goal was also to eliminate the need to use the Unix shell for that purpose as much as possible, giving users both high-level and more fine grained control over the appliance while still maintaining database integrity and logging these transactions properly. This CLI supports TAB autocompletion, inline help, and other sexy features that we hope will encourage its use!
Ways to get to the cli:
-
From the console of the physical/VM box that you installed freenas on. By default, the cli is directly accessible from the console.
-
By sshing to the box and typing
clifrom the shell -
By accessing it from the webgui's console page: freenas_10_ip/console
-
By running it directly on your client machine and connecting to a remote FreeNAS instance (this is still advanced class and not yet officially supported, though the CLI is a fairly simple python program)
One way or the other, once you have invoked the cli it will greet you with the following text:
Welcome to the FreeNAS CLI! Type 'help' to get started.
You may try the following URLs to access the web user interface:
http://fe80::20c:29ff:fe23:3173 http://192.168.221.136
http://192.168.221.152 http://fe80::20c:29ff:fe23:3169
127.0.0.1:>
[Note: There may or may not be some kind of animal ASCII art involved here too. Do not worry, it is for your own protection.]
The urls you see here are the various interfaces's providing you access to your freenas box's webgui. (Note: You may only see one (IPv4 and IPv6) pair if you just have one interface.)
At any point if you want to see these urls again just type showurls on the interactive cli prompt (from anywhere in the cli) to print them out again.
127.0.0.1:>showurls
You may try the following URLs to access the web user interface:
http://fe80::20c:29ff:fe23:3173 http://192.168.221.136
http://192.168.221.152 http://fe80::20c:29ff:fe23:3169
If you are running the cli from the shell (post sshing into the machine) you can exit it using the exit command at any time.
127.0.0.1:>exit
[root@myfreenas] ~#
At any point or place in the cli to see the list of available commands and namespaces, one can enter the ? character (or better referenced henceforth as the List Command). Also the very top level namespace that you are dropped into upon first invoking the cli is called as the RootNamespace from here on forward for purpose of this HOWTO document.
Whenever in doubt, press the ? character (List Command) and see the list of avaible commands in your current namespace. For example let us examine the out of this List Command from the RootNamespace:
127.0.0.1:>?
Builtin items:
eval help saveenv history sort shutdown showurls echo
exclude showips search printenv limit less select exit
top setenv clear source reboot login shell
Current namespace items:
help account calendar disk service simulator task volume
? boot directoryservice network share system update
The help command is there to assist you with commands in the cli. To get an overview of the available commands, simply type help.
127.0.0.1:>help
Command Description
/ Go to the root namespace
.. Go up one namespace
- Go back to previous namespace
? Provides list of commands in this namespace
help Provides help on commands
share Configure and manage shares
task Manage tasks
disk Provides information about installed disks
directoryservice Configure and manage directory service
update System Updates and their Configuration
calendar Provides access to task scheduled on a regular basis
...
You will be given a scrollable list of the available commands and their descriptions in the current namespace. To escape the help command press q. You can also get help about individual commands and namespaces, for example:
127.0.0.1:>help help
Usage: help <command> <command> ...
Provides usage information on particular command. If command can't be
reached directly in current namespace, may be specified as chain,
eg: "account users show".
Examples:
help
help printenv
help account users show
To see the properties of a given namespace, use 'help properties'
Help on a higher level command will show the commands it expands to, for example:
127.0.0.1:>help account
Command Description
/ Go to the root namespace
.. Go up one namespace
- Go back to previous namespace
? Provides list of commands in this namespace
user System users
group System groups
127.0.0.1:>help account user
Command Description
/ Go to the root namespace
.. Go up one namespace
- Go back to previous namespace
delete Removes item
? Provides list of commands in this namespace
create Creates new item
show Lists items
You can also get the properties of a namespace by adding the keyword "properties" to your help query, for example:
127.0.0.1:>help account user properties
Property Description Type
uid User ID number (read only)
username User name string
fullname Full name string
group Primary group string
groups Auxilliary groups set
shell Login shell string
home Home directory string
password Password string
password_disabled Password Disabled boolean
locked Locked boolean
email Email address string
sudo Sudo allowed boolean
pubkey SSH public key string
You can get information and change various system settings with the system top level command. For instance you can see your hardware specs with system info:
127.0.0.1:>system info
cpu_cores=1 cpu_model=Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-3570 CPU @ 3.40GHz
cpu_clockrate=3400 memory_size=6413496320
You can get information about your version of FreeNAS with system version:
127.0.0.1:>system version
FreeNAS version (freenas_version) FreeNAS-10.2-ALPHA-201511231130
System version (system_version) FreeBSD freenas.local 10.2-STABLE
FreeBSD 10.2-STABLE #0
ab9925e(freebsd10): Sat Nov 21
00:05:53 PST 2015 root@build.ixs
ystems.com:/tank/home/nightlies
/freenas-
build/_BE/objs/tank/home/nightlies
/freenas-
build/_BE/trueos/sys/FreeNAS.amd64
amd64
If you want to know things like system up-time and the number of things connected to the middlware, use system status:
127.0.0.1:>system status
middleware-connections=12 started-at=1448327368.791504 up-since=18 minutes ago
You can view system events with the system event top level command:
127.0.0.1:>system session show
Session ID IP Address User name Started at Ended at
1 127.0.0.1 dispatcherctl 4 hours ago 4 hours ago
2 unix task.130 4 hours ago none
3 unix task.129 4 hours ago an hour ago
4 unix task.132 4 hours ago none
5 unix task.131 4 hours ago none
6 127.0.0.1 dispatcherctl 4 hours ago 4 hours ago
7 127.0.0.1 dispatcherctl 4 hours ago 4 hours ago
8 127.0.0.1 etcd 4 hours ago none
9 127.0.0.1 dispatcherctl 4 hours ago 4 hours ago
10 127.0.0.1 dispatcherctl 4 hours ago 4 hours ago
11 127.0.0.1 dispatcherctl 4 hours ago 4 hours ago
...
The system top level command also has commands for configuring various aspects of your system. At the system level you can configure things like hostname, timezone, syslog server and language options with the set command:
127.0.0.1:>system set timezone=America/Los_Angeles
127.0.0.1:>system set hostname=myfreenas.local
127.0.0.1:>system show
Time zone (timezone) America/Los_Angeles
Hostname (hostname) myfreenas.local
Syslog Server (syslog_server) none
Language (language) en
Console Keymap (console_keymap) us.iso
If you need help figuring out what time zone options are available, you can use the system timezones command, this will give you a scrollable list of valid options.
To configure email options, use the system mail command:
127.0.0.1:>system mail set email=admin@foo.com
127.0.0.1:>system mail set server=mail.foo.com
127.0.0.1:>system mail set username=admin@foo.com
127.0.0.1:>system mail set password=mypassword
127.0.0.1:>system mail show
Email address (email) admin@foo.com
Email server (server) mail.foo.com
SMTP port (port) 25
Authentication required (auth) no
Encryption type (encryption) PLAIN
Username for Authentication (username) admin@foo.com
And finally for powerusers, there is a set of advanced options in system advanced:
127.0.0.1:>system advanced set console_screensaver=yes
127.0.0.1:>system advanced show
Enable Console CLI (console_cli) yes
Enable Console Screensaver yes
(console_screensaver)
Enable Serial Console no
(serial_console)
Serial Console Port (serial_port) none
Serial Port Speed (serial_speed) none
Enable powerd (powerd) no
Default swap on drives (swapondrive) 2
Enable Debug Kernel (debugkernel) no
Automatically upload crash dumps to yes
iXsystems (uploadcrash)
Message of the day (motd) FreeBSD ?.?.? (UNKNOWN)
FreeNAS (c) 2009-2015, The FreeNAS
Development Team
All rights reserved.
FreeNAS is released under the
modified BSD license.
For more information, documentation,
help or support, go here:
http://freenas.org
Periodic Notify User UID 0
(periodic_notify_user)
There is also a namespace in the FreeNAS CLI specifically for dealing with connected sessions, which administrators may find very useful.
You can view connected session information and history with the session top level command, or limit that information to just logged-in sessions with the w command:
127.0.0.1:>session show
Session ID IP Address User name Started at Ended at
1 127.0.0.1 dispatcherctl 4 hours ago 4 hours ago
2 unix task.130 4 hours ago none
3 unix task.129 4 hours ago an hour ago
4 unix task.132 4 hours ago none
5 unix task.131 4 hours ago none
6 127.0.0.1 dispatcherctl 4 hours ago 4 hours ago
7 127.0.0.1 dispatcherctl 4 hours ago 4 hours ago
8 127.0.0.1 etcd 4 hours ago none
9 127.0.0.1 dispatcherctl 4 hours ago 4 hours ago
127.0.0.1:>w
Session ID User name Address Started at
1978 root unix,2133 22 hours ago
1981 root unix,6020 21 minutes ago
You can also use the session command to send messages to all logged in users, e.g.
session wall "Hey, hosers! I'm shutting the system down in 5 minutes!"
As well as to send a message to a specific logged-in user; just get the session ID from the w command and
then session id send "some text".
You can also use the session id sub-namespace to query individual attributes of a session and, in the future, to terminate a session with great prejudice.
By default FreeNAS is set to use a DHCP address, if you wish to set a static IP, first turn off DHCP for your network port:
127.0.0.1:>network interface em0 set dhcp=false
Then create an alias with the IP you wish to set your system's IP to:
127.0.0.1:>network interface em0 create 10.0.0.150 netmask=255.255.255.0
If you do network interface em0 show, you will see that DHCP is disabled and it is listening on the static IP:
127.0.0.1:>network interface em0 show
Name (name) em0
Type (type) ETHER
Enabled (enabled) yes
DHCP (dhcp) no
IPv6 autoconfiguration (ipv6_autoconf) no
Disable IPv6 (ipv6_disable) no
Link address (link_address) 08:00:27:e4:ce:17
IP configuration (ip_config) 10.0.1.150/24
Link state (link_state) up
State (state) up
-- Interface addresses --
Address family IP address Netmask Broadcast address
INET 10.0.0.150 24 10.0.0.255
Now set the default gateway and DNS server:
127.0.0.1:>network config ipv4_gateway=10.0.0.1 dns_servers=10.0.0.1
127.0.0.1:>network config show
IPv4 gateway (ipv4_gateway) 10.0.0.1
IPv6 gateway (ipv6_gateway) none
DNS servers (dns_servers) 10.0.0.1
DNS search domains (dns_search) empty
DHCP will assign default gateway (dhcp_gateway) yes
DHCP will assign DNS servers addresses (dhcp_dns) yes
And finally set the default route for your network:
127.0.0.1:>network route create default gateway=10.0.0.1 network=10.0.0.0 netmask=255.255.255.0
127.0.0.1:>network route show
Name Address family Gateway Network Subnet prefix
default INET 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.0 24
To undo the static IP settings go back to DHCP, just reenable DHCP:
127.0.0.1:>network interface em0 set dhcp=yes
127.0.0.1:>network interface em0 show
Name (name) em0
Type (type) ETHER
Enabled (enabled) yes
DHCP (dhcp) yes
IPv6 autoconfiguration (ipv6_autoconf) no
Disable IPv6 (ipv6_disable) no
Link address (link_address) 08:00:27:e4:ce:17
IP configuration (ip_config) 10.0.0.145/24
Link state (link_state) up
State (state) up
-- Interface addresses --
Address family IP address Netmask Broadcast address
Before you create a volume you should probably find out the names of the disks you will be creating the volume with. You can do this by using the command disk show:
127.0.0.1:>disk show
Disk path Disk name Size Online Allocation
/dev/ada0 ada0 17.18 GiB yes boot device
/dev/ada5 ada5 6.44 GiB yes unallocated
/dev/ada1 ada1 6.44 GiB yes unallocated
/dev/ada2 ada2 6.44 GiB yes unallocated
/dev/ada3 ada3 6.44 GiB yes unallocated
/dev/ada4 ada4 6.44 GiB yes unallocated
On the left of the table you see the disk names and on the right you can see the allocation status of these disks. Be sure to only use "unallocated" disks since those are ones that are not currently being used.
The command to create a volume is volume create. This command takes as arguments the name of the volume, the type of volume you are creating and the disks you are assigning to the volume. For example:
127.0.0.1:>volume create tank type=raidz1 disks=ada1,ada2,ada3
To see the topology of the newly created volume, use the command show_topology:
127.0.0.1:>volume tank show_topology
+-- data
+-- raidz1
|-- /dev/ada1 (disk)
|-- /dev/ada2 (disk)
`-- /dev/ada3 (disk)
If you type disk show again you will see that these disks are now marked as allocated to tank:
127.0.0.1:>disk show
Disk path Disk name Size Online Allocation
/dev/ada5 ada5 6.44 GiB yes unallocated
/dev/ada4 ada4 6.44 GiB yes unallocated
/dev/ada0 ada0 17.18 GiB yes boot device
/dev/ada1 ada1 6.44 GiB yes part of volume tank
/dev/ada2 ada2 6.44 GiB yes part of volume tank
/dev/ada3 ada3 6.44 GiB yes part of volume tank
The valid types for volume create are: disk, mirror, raidz1, raidz2, raidz3 and auto. If you do not specify a type auto is assumed and FreeNAS will try to decide the best topology for you (if you use a multiple of 2 disks, you will get a stripe of mirrors or if you use a multiple of 3 disks you get a stripe of raidz1).
127.0.0.1:>volume create tank disks=ada1,ada2,ada3,ada4
...
127.0.0.1:>volume tank show_topology
+-- data
+-- mirror
|-- /dev/ada1 (disk)
`-- /dev/ada2 (disk)
+-- mirror
|-- /dev/ada3 (disk)
`-- /dev/ada4 (disk)
If you want to make some kind of custom configuration or add disks to a volume later you can use the add_vdev command to add another set of disks. For example we created a mirror but then wanted to have a second mirror striped to it:
127.0.0.1:>volume create tank type=mirror disks=ada1,ada2
127.0.0.1:>volume tank show_topology
+-- data
+-- mirror
|-- /dev/ada1 (disk)
`-- /dev/ada2 (disk)
127.0.0.1:>volume tank add_vdev type=mirror disks=ada3,ada4
127.0.0.1:>volume tank show_topology
+-- data
+-- mirror
|-- /dev/ada1 (disk)
`-- /dev/ada2 (disk)
+-- mirror
|-- /dev/ada3 (disk)
`-- /dev/ada4 (disk)
You can use the extend_vdev command to add a disk to an existing mirror, for example assume we have a tank with a single mirror that we wish to extend:
127.0.0.1:>volume create tank disks=ada1,ada2
127.0.0.1:>volume tank extend_vdev vdev=ada1 ada3
127.0.0.1:>volume tank show_topology
+-- data
+-- mirror
|-- /dev/ada1 (disk)
|-- /dev/ada2 (disk)
`-- /dev/ada3 (disk)
If at any time you wish to delete your volume, you can do this with the 'delete' command:
127.0.0.1:>volume delete tank
To offline or online a disk within a Volume you can use the offline and online commands:
127.0.0.1:>volume tank show_disks
Name Status
/dev/ada1 ONLINE
/dev/ada2 ONLINE
127.0.0.1:>volume tank offline ada1
127.0.0.1:>volume tank show_disks
Name Status
/dev/ada1 OFFLINE
/dev/ada2 ONLINE
127.0.0.1:>volume tank online ada1
127.0.0.1:>volume tank show_disks
Name Status
/dev/ada1 ONLINE
/dev/ada2 ONLINE
To run a scrub on your volume, use the scrub command:
127.0.0.1:>volume tank scrub
To detatch/export a volume, use the 'detach' volume command. After detaching you will notice it is no longer visible in volume show:
127.0.0.1:>volume show
Volume name Status Mount point Last scrub time Last scrub errors
tank ONLINE /mnt/tank 2015-11-10 23:04:46 0
127.0.0.1:>volume detach tank
...
127.0.0.1:>volume show
Volume name Status Mount point Last scrub time Last scrub errors
If you wish to import your volume tank, first use find to see if your volume is visible then use import to import it:
127.0.0.1:>volume find
ID Volume name Status
1.845e+19 tank ONLINE
127.0.0.1:>volume import tank
127.0.0.1:>volume show
Volume name Status Mount point Last scrub time Last scrub errors
tank ONLINE /mnt/tank none none
After you have created your volume, you can now setup shares on your volume to share files with the rest of your network. The shares namespace is split into 4 sets of commands for different share types, NFS, AFP, SMB and iSCSI with a main shares namespace to view them all from.
One basic type of share you can create are AFP shares. AFP is typically used for sharing files with Macintosh computers. AFP shares are created with the command share afp create. A basic AFP share can be created as follows:
127.0.0.1:>share afp create foo volume=tank
When it is created you will be able to see it in two different places, the shares overview and the afp share namespace.
127.0.0.1:>share show
Share Name Share Type Volume Dataset Path Description
foo afp tank tank/afp/foo
127.0.0.1:>share afp show
Share name Target volume Compression Read only Time machine
foo tank lz4 no no
To see more details on the AFP share you can use the show command on the share itself:
127.0.0.1:>share afp foo show
Share name (name) foo
Share type (type) afp
Target volume (volume) tank
Compression (compression) lz4
Allowed hosts/networks (hosts_allow) none
Denied hosts/networks (hosts_deny) none
Allowed users/groups (users_allow) none
Denied users/groups (users_deny) none
Read only (read_only) no
Time machine (time_machine) no
If you want to set one of these properties of your share, use the set command:
127.0.0.1:>share afp foo set read_only=true
127.0.0.1:>share afp foo set users_allow=tom, frank
127.0.0.1:>share afp foo set users_deny=bob
127.0.0.1:>share afp foo set hosts_allow=192.168.1.100,foobar.local
127.0.0.1:>share afp foo show
Share name (name) foo
Share type (type) afp
Target volume (volume) tank
Compression (compression) lz4
Allowed hosts/networks (hosts_allow) 192.168.1.100
foobar.local
Denied hosts/networks (hosts_deny) none
Allowed users/groups (users_allow) tom
frank
Denied users/groups (users_deny) bob
Read only (read_only) yes
Time machine (time_machine) no
Now that you have a share, you must enable the AFP service:
127.0.0.1:>service afp config set enable=yes
Service name (name) afp
State (state) RUNNING
Process ID (pid) none
You can further configure the AFP service by using the set command:
127.0.0.1:>service afp config set bind_addresses=192.168.1.50
127.0.0.1:>service afp config set guest_enable=yes
127.0.0.1:>service afp config show
Enabled (enable) yes
Share Home Directory (homedir_enable) no
Home Directory Path (homedir_path) none
Home Directory Name (homedir_name) none
Auxiliary Parameters (auxiliary) none
Connections limit (connections_limit) 50
Guest user (guest_user) nobody
Enable guest user (guest_enable) yes
Bind Addresses (bind_addresses) 192.168.1.50
Database Path (dbpath) none
And finally, to delete an AFP share, simply use the delete command, be aware this will also delete the dataset that the share is on:
127.0.0.1:>share afp delete foo
Another basic type of share you can create are NFS shares. NFS is typically used for sharing files with Unix systems. NFS shares are created with the command share nfs create. A basic NFS share can be created as follows:
127.0.0.1:>share nfs create bar volume=tank
Like AFP shares, you can also see the NFS share in the shares overview and the NFS share namespace.
127.0.0.1:>share show
Share Name Share Type Volume Dataset Path Description
bar nfs tank tank/nfs/bar
127.0.0.1:>share nfs show
Share name Target Compressio All direct Read only Security
volume n ories
bar tank lz4 no no none
To see more details on the NFS share you can use the show command on the share itself:
127.0.0.1:>share nfs bar show
Share name (name) bar
Share type (type) nfs
Target volume (volume) tank
Compression (compression) lz4
All directories (alldirs) no
Read only (read_only) no
Root user (root_user) none
Root group (root_group) none
All user (all_user) none
All group (all_group) none
Allowed hosts/networks (hosts) none
Security (security) none
If you want to set one of these properties of your share, use the set command:
127.0.0.1:>share nfs bar set alldirs=true
127.0.0.1:>share nfs bar set read_only=true
127.0.0.1:>share nfs bar set hosts=foobar.local,10.0.0.101
127.0.0.1:>share nfs bar show
Share name (name) bar
Share type (type) nfs
Target volume (volume) tank
Compression (compression) lz4
All directories (alldirs) yes
Read only (read_only) yes
Root user (root_user) none
Root group (root_group) none
All user (all_user) none
All group (all_group) none
Allowed hosts/networks (hosts) foobar.local
10.0.0.101
Security (security) none
Now that you have a share, you must enable the NFS service:
127.0.0.1:>service nfs config set enable=yes
127.0.0.1:>service nfs show
Service name (name) nfs
State (state) RUNNING
Process ID (pid) 5760
You can further configure the NFS service by using the set command:
127.0.0.1:>service nfs config set servers=3
127.0.0.1:>service nfs config set v4=yes
127.0.0.1:>service nfs config show
Enabled (enable) yes
Number of servers (servers) 3
Enable UDP (udp) no
Enable NFSv4 (v4) yes
Enable NFSv4 Kerberos (v4_kerberos) no
Bind addresses (bind_addresses) none
Mountd port (mountd_port) none
RPC statd port (rpcstatd_port) none
RPC Lockd port (rpclockd_port) none
And finally, to delete an NFS share, simply use the delete command, be aware this will also delete the dataset that the share is on:
127.0.0.1:>share nfs delete bar
FreeNAS has users and groups with various permissions similar to those you would find on a Unix platform. In this section you will learn how to manage users and groups using the account top level command.
Under the account user command you can create and set properties of a user. To create a user use account user create:
127.0.0.1:>account user create foo password=mypassword
127.0.0.1:>account user foo show
User ID (uid) 1000
User name (username) foo
Full name (fullname) User &
Primary group (group) foo
Auxilliary groups (groups) empty
Login shell (shell) /bin/sh
Home directory (home) /nonexistent
Password Disabled (password_disabled) no
Locked (locked) no
Email address (email) none
Sudo allowed (sudo) no
SSH public key (pubkey) none
An account must either have a password set upon creation or have the property password_disabled turned on. If you do not specify a group for your user upon creation it will attempt to create a group with the same name as the username for that user.
If you want to change a property of a user, use the set command:
127.0.0.1:>account user foo set email=foo@foobar.com
127.0.0.1:>account user foo show
User ID (uid) 1000
User name (username) foo
Full name (fullname) User &
Primary group (group) foo
Auxilliary groups (groups) empty
Login shell (shell) /bin/sh
Home directory (home) /nonexistent
Password Disabled (password_disabled) no
Locked (locked) no
Email address (email) foo@foobar.com
Sudo allowed (sudo) no
SSH public key (pubkey) none
To delete a user, use the delete command:
127.0.0.1:>account user delete foo
Groups are managed by the account group commands. To create a group use account group create:
127.0.0.1:>account group create bar
127.0.0.1:>account group bar show
Group name (name) bar
Group ID (gid) 1001
Builtin group (builtin) no
To change a group's name use the set command:
127.0.0.1:>account group bar set name=baz
User to group relationships are handled at the user level, so if to add a user to a group you must use account user. Users have 2 properties for groups, group and groups. The singular group property contains the user's primary group and groups is a set property that contains the auxiliary groups.
Suppose we want to create a user named foo and we want to add it to our group "baz":
127.0.0.1:>account user create foo group=baz password=mypassword
Then suppose we want to give this user admin privileges so we add it to the "wheel" group:
127.0.0.1:>account user foo set groups=wheel
The user should then look like this after the show command:
127.0.0.1:>account user foo show
User ID (uid) 1000
User name (username) foo
Full name (fullname) User &
Primary group (group) baz
Auxilliary groups (groups) wheel
Login shell (shell) /bin/sh
Home directory (home) /nonexistent
Password Disabled (password_disabled) no
Locked (locked) no
Email address (email) none
Sudo allowed (sudo) no
SSH public key (pubkey) none
And finally, to delete a group use the delete command:
127.0.0.1:>account group delete baz
Virtual machine support is experimental feature which is not yet fully supported in the CLI. For example, if you want to be able to access Internet from your VMs, you will need to create a bridge interface and add your main network interface to it (please refer to network configuration section to learn how to do that) and then issue the following command manually (for now):
127.0.0.1:>!dsutil config-set container.bridge '"bridgeX"'
where bridgeX is name of previously created bridge interface.
To create a BHyVe virtual machine called myvm running inside FreeNAS, use following command:
127.0.0.1:>vm create name=myvm volume=tank bootloader=GRUB
Pass volume name where you want your VM data disks to be stored as volume parameter. You also need to set bootloader type: either BHYVELOAD (if you're installing a FreeBSD VM) or GRUB (which is suitable for most Linux distributions and FreeNAS).
When VM is created, you can add data disk and CD images to the VM by going to vm myvm disks namespace:
127.0.0.1:>vm myvm disks create name=disk1 type=DISK size=8G
127.0.0.1:>vm myvm disks create name=cdrom1 type=CDROM path=/mnt/tank/path/to/installer/image.iso
Last step is setting boot device, in this example we want to boot off CD image to install operating system on the VM:
127.0.0.1:>vm myvm set boot_device=cdrom1
Virtual machine is ready to be started:
127.0.0.1:>vm myvm start
To see virtual machine console, go to http://<freenas-ip>:8180/vm page and select VM from dropdown list.
FreeNAS has various services that run on it for sharing files, monitoring your NAS, and other purposes. In this section you will learn how to configure and control these services through the CLI.
The command service show will give you a list of all the currently running services:
127.0.0.1:>service show
Service name State Process ID
smartd STOPPED none
afp STOPPED none
haproxy STOPPED none
lldp STOPPED none
sshd RUNNING 1054
tftpd STOPPED none
...
To view the status of an individual service, use service <service name> show, for example:
127.0.0.1:>service ftp show
Service name (name) ftp
State (state) STOPPED
Process ID (pid) none
To enable the service, use service <service name> config set enable=true, for exmaple:
127.0.0.1:>service ftp config set enable=true
127.0.0.1:>service ftp show
Service name (name) ftp
State (state) RUNNING
Process ID (pid) 3959
Notice that when the service was enabled, it was also started. If you want to stop the service but leave it enabled upon reboot, use service <service name> stop, for example:
127.0.0.1:>service ftp stop
127.0.0.1:>service ftp show
Service name (name) ftp
State (state) STOPPED
Process ID (pid) none
To start the service back up, use service <service name> start:
127.0.0.1:>service ftp start
127.0.0.1:>service ftp show
Service name (name) ftp
State (state) RUNNING
Process ID (pid) 4218
To restart a servce, use service <service name> restart:
127.0.0.1:>service ftp restart
127.0.0.1:>service ftp show
Service name (name) ftp
State (state) RUNNING
Process ID (pid) 4457
Notice that it has a different pid since the service was restarted. To have a service do a graceful reload, use service <service name> reload:
127.0.0.1:>service ftp reload
Service name (name) ftp
State (state) RUNNING
Process ID (pid) 4457
To view the configuration of a service, use the service <service name> config show command:
127.0.0.1:>service sshd config show
Enabled (enable) yes
sftp log facility (sftp_log_facility) AUTH
Allow public key authentication (allow_pubkey_auth) yes
Enable compression (compression) no
Allow password authentication (allow_password_auth) yes
Allow port forwarding (allow_port_forwarding) no
Permit root login (permit_root_login) yes
sftp log level (sftp_log_level) ERROR
Port (port) 22
Along with being able to enable a service from this namespace, you are also able to set various properties of the service with the service <service name> config set command:
127.0.0.1:>service sshd config set allow_port_forwarding=true
127.0.0.1:>service sshd config show
Enabled (enable) yes
sftp log facility (sftp_log_facility) AUTH
Allow public key authentication (allow_pubkey_auth) yes
Enable compression (compression) no
Allow password authentication (allow_password_auth) yes
Allow port forwarding (allow_port_forwarding) yes
Permit root login (permit_root_login) yes
sftp log level (sftp_log_level) ERROR
Port (port) 22
Note: some services like sshd will restart upon setting a property, while others will do a graceful reload, depending on what the service supports.