def test_clifford_as_operation(self): """Test that we can instantiate an object of class :class:`~qiskit.quantum_info.operators.Clifford` and that it has the expected name, num_qubits and num_clbits. """ num_qubits = 4 qc = QuantumCircuit(4, 0) qc.h(2) qc.cx(0, 1) op = Clifford(qc) self.assertTrue(op.name == "clifford") self.assertTrue(op.num_qubits == num_qubits) self.assertTrue(op.num_clbits == 0) self.assertIsInstance(op, Operation)
def test_transpose(self, num_qubits): """Test transpose method""" samples = 10 num_gates = 1 seed = 500 gates = "all" for i in range(samples): circ = random_clifford_circuit(num_qubits, num_gates, gates=gates, seed=seed + i) value = Clifford(circ).transpose().to_operator() target = Operator(circ).transpose() self.assertTrue(target.equiv(value))
def test_conjugate(self, num_qubits): """Test conjugate method""" samples = 10 num_gates = 10 seed = 400 gates = 'all' for i in range(samples): circ = random_clifford_circuit(num_qubits, num_gates, gates=gates, seed=seed + i) value = Clifford(circ).conjugate().to_operator() target = Operator(circ).conjugate() self.assertTrue(target.equiv(value))
def test_1_qubit_mult_relations(self): """Tests multiplicity relations for 1-qubit gates""" rels = [ "x * y = z", "x * z = y", "y * z = x", "s * s = z", "sdg * sdg = z", "sinv * sinv = z", "sdg * h = v", "h * s = w", ] for rel in rels: with self.subTest(msg="relation %s" % rel): split_rel = rel.split() cliff = Clifford([[1, 0], [0, 1]]) cliff1 = cliff.copy() cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, split_rel[0], [0]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, split_rel[2], [0]) cliff1 = _append_circuit(cliff1, split_rel[4], [0]) self.assertEqual(cliff, cliff1)
def create_cliff3(self): """Creates a third Clifford which is the composition of the previous two.""" qc = QuantumCircuit(3) qc.h(0) qc.cx(0, 1) qc.cx(1, 2) qc.s(2) qc.cx(0, 1) qc.h(0) qc.h(1) qc.h(2) qc.cx(1, 2) qc.s(2) return Clifford(qc)
def test_append_2_qubit_gate(self, gate_name, qubits): """Tests for append of 2-qubit gate {gate_name} {qubits}.""" targets_cliffords = { "cx [0, 1]": Clifford([ [True, True, False, False], [False, True, False, False], [False, False, True, False], [False, False, True, True], ]), "cx [1, 0]": Clifford([ [True, False, False, False], [True, True, False, False], [False, False, True, True], [False, False, False, True], ]), "cz [0, 1]": Clifford([ [True, False, False, True], [False, True, True, False], [False, False, True, False], [False, False, False, True], ]), "cz [1, 0]": Clifford([ [True, False, False, True], [False, True, True, False], [False, False, True, False], [False, False, False, True], ]), "swap [0, 1]": Clifford([ [False, True, False, False], [True, False, False, False], [False, False, False, True], [False, False, True, False], ]), "swap [1, 0]": Clifford([ [False, True, False, False], [True, False, False, False], [False, False, False, True], [False, False, True, False], ]), } gate_qubits = gate_name + " " + str(qubits) cliff = _append_circuit(Clifford(np.eye(4)), gate_name, qubits) target = targets_cliffords[gate_qubits] self.assertEqual(target, cliff)
def test_expand_method(self, num_qubits_1, num_qubits_2): """Test expand method""" samples = 5 num_gates = 10 seed = 800 gates = 'all' for i in range(samples): circ1 = random_clifford_circuit(num_qubits_1, num_gates, gates=gates, seed=seed + i) circ2 = random_clifford_circuit(num_qubits_2, num_gates, gates=gates, seed=seed + samples + i) cliff1 = Clifford(circ1) cliff2 = Clifford(circ2) value = cliff1.expand(cliff2) circ = QuantumCircuit(num_qubits_1 + num_qubits_2) circ.append(circ1, range(num_qubits_1)) circ.append(circ2, range(num_qubits_1, num_qubits_1 + num_qubits_2)) target = Clifford(circ) self.assertEqual(target, value)
def test_compose_subsystem(self, num_qubits_1, num_qubits_2): """Test compose method of subsystems""" samples = 10 num_gates = 10 seed = 600 gates = 'all' for i in range(samples): circ1 = random_clifford_circuit(num_qubits_1, num_gates, gates=gates, seed=seed + i) circ2 = random_clifford_circuit(num_qubits_2, num_gates, gates=gates, seed=seed + samples + i) qargs = sorted( np.random.choice(range(num_qubits_1), num_qubits_2, replace=False)) circ = circ1.copy() circ.append(circ2.to_instruction(), qargs) value = Clifford(circ1).compose(Clifford(circ2), qargs) target = Clifford(circ) self.assertEqual(target, value)
def test_to_matrix(self, num_qubits): """Test to_matrix method""" samples = 10 num_gates = 10 seed = 333 gates = 'all' for i in range(samples): circ = random_clifford_circuit(num_qubits, num_gates, gates=gates, seed=seed + i) mat = Clifford(circ).to_matrix() self.assertIsInstance(mat, np.ndarray) self.assertEqual(mat.shape, 2 * (2**num_qubits, )) value = Operator(mat) target = Operator(circ) self.assertTrue(value.equiv(target))
def test_to_instruction(self, num_qubits): """Test to_instruction method""" samples = 10 num_gates = 10 seed = 800 gates = 'all' for i in range(samples): circ = random_clifford_circuit(num_qubits, num_gates, gates=gates, seed=seed + i) decomp = Clifford(circ).to_instruction() self.assertIsInstance(decomp, Gate) self.assertEqual(decomp.num_qubits, circ.num_qubits) value = Operator(decomp) target = Operator(circ) self.assertTrue(value.equiv(target))
def test_1_qubit_identity_relations(self): """Tests identity relations for 1-qubit gates""" for gate_name in ("x", "y", "z", "h"): with self.subTest(msg='identity for gate %s' % gate_name): cliff = Clifford([[1, 0], [0, 1]]) cliff1 = cliff.copy() cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, gate_name, [0]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, gate_name, [0]) self.assertEqual(cliff, cliff1) gates = ['s', 's', 'v'] inv_gates = ['sdg', 'sinv', 'w'] for gate_name, inv_gate in zip(gates, inv_gates): with self.subTest(msg='identity for gate %s' % gate_name): cliff = Clifford([[1, 0], [0, 1]]) cliff1 = cliff.copy() cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, gate_name, [0]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, inv_gate, [0]) self.assertEqual(cliff, cliff1)
def test_to_dict(self): """Test to_dict method""" with self.subTest(msg="Identity"): cliff = Clifford(np.eye(8)) value = cliff.to_dict() keys_value = set(value.keys()) keys_target = {'destabilizer', 'stabilizer'} self.assertEqual(keys_value, keys_target) stabilizer_value = set(value['stabilizer']) stabilizer_target = {'+IIIZ', '+IIZI', '+IZII', '+ZIII'} self.assertEqual(stabilizer_value, stabilizer_target) destabilizer_value = set(value['destabilizer']) destabilizer_target = {'+IIIX', '+IIXI', '+IXII', '+XIII'} self.assertEqual(destabilizer_value, destabilizer_target) with self.subTest(msg="bell"): qc = QuantumCircuit(2) qc.h(0) qc.cx(0, 1) cliff = Clifford(qc) value = cliff.to_dict() keys_value = set(value.keys()) keys_target = {'destabilizer', 'stabilizer'} self.assertEqual(keys_value, keys_target) stabilizer_value = set(value['stabilizer']) stabilizer_target = {'+XX', '+ZZ'} self.assertEqual(stabilizer_value, stabilizer_target) destabilizer_value = set(value['destabilizer']) destabilizer_target = {'+IZ', '+XI'} self.assertEqual(destabilizer_value, destabilizer_target)
def test_to_dict(self): """Test to_dict method""" with self.subTest(msg="Identity"): cliff = Clifford(np.eye(8)) value = cliff.to_dict() keys_value = set(value.keys()) keys_target = {"destabilizer", "stabilizer"} self.assertEqual(keys_value, keys_target) stabilizer_value = set(value["stabilizer"]) stabilizer_target = {"+IIIZ", "+IIZI", "+IZII", "+ZIII"} self.assertEqual(stabilizer_value, stabilizer_target) destabilizer_value = set(value["destabilizer"]) destabilizer_target = {"+IIIX", "+IIXI", "+IXII", "+XIII"} self.assertEqual(destabilizer_value, destabilizer_target) with self.subTest(msg="bell"): qc = QuantumCircuit(2) qc.h(0) qc.cx(0, 1) cliff = Clifford(qc) value = cliff.to_dict() keys_value = set(value.keys()) keys_target = {"destabilizer", "stabilizer"} self.assertEqual(keys_value, keys_target) stabilizer_value = set(value["stabilizer"]) stabilizer_target = {"+XX", "+ZZ"} self.assertEqual(stabilizer_value, stabilizer_target) destabilizer_value = set(value["destabilizer"]) destabilizer_target = {"+IZ", "+XI"} self.assertEqual(destabilizer_value, destabilizer_target)
def run(self, dag): """Run the OptimizeCliffords pass on `dag`. Args: dag (DAGCircuit): the DAG to be optimized. Returns: DAGCircuit: the optimized DAG. """ blocks = [] prev_node = None cur_block = [] # Iterate over all nodes and collect consecutive Cliffords over the # same qubits. In this very first proof-of-concept implementation # we require the same ordering of qubits, but this restriction will # be shortly removed. An interesting question is whether we may also # want to compose Cliffords over different sets of qubits, such as # cliff1 over qubits [1, 2, 3] and cliff2 over [2, 3, 4]. for node in dag.topological_op_nodes(): if isinstance(node.op, Clifford): if prev_node is None: blocks.append(cur_block) cur_block = [node] else: if prev_node.qargs == node.qargs: cur_block.append(node) else: blocks.append(cur_block) cur_block = [node] prev_node = node else: # not a clifford if cur_block: blocks.append(cur_block) prev_node = None cur_block = [] if cur_block: blocks.append(cur_block) # Replace every discovered block of cliffords by a single clifford # based on the Cliffords' compose function. for cur_nodes in blocks: # Create clifford functions only out of blocks with at least 2 gates if len(cur_nodes) <= 1: continue wire_pos_map = dict( (qb, ix) for ix, qb in enumerate(cur_nodes[0].qargs)) # Construct a linear circuit cliff = cur_nodes[0].op for i, node in enumerate(cur_nodes): if i > 0: cliff = Clifford.compose(node.op, cliff, front=True) # Replace the block by the composed clifford dag.replace_block_with_op(cur_nodes, cliff, wire_pos_map, cycle_check=False) return dag
def test_2_qubit_relations(self): """Tests relations for 2-qubit gates""" with self.subTest(msg="relation between cx, h and cz"): cliff = Clifford(np.eye(4)) cliff1 = cliff.copy() cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, "h", [1]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, "cx", [0, 1]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, "h", [1]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, "cz", [0, 1]) self.assertEqual(cliff, cliff1) with self.subTest(msg="relation between cx and swap"): cliff = Clifford(np.eye(4)) cliff1 = cliff.copy() cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, "cx", [0, 1]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, "cx", [1, 0]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, "cx", [0, 1]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, "swap", [0, 1]) self.assertEqual(cliff, cliff1) with self.subTest(msg="relation between cx and x"): cliff = Clifford(np.eye(4)) cliff1 = cliff.copy() cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, "cx", [0, 1]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, "x", [0]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, "cx", [0, 1]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, "x", [0]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, "x", [1]) self.assertEqual(cliff, cliff1) with self.subTest(msg="relation between cx and z"): cliff = Clifford(np.eye(4)) cliff1 = cliff.copy() cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, "cx", [0, 1]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, "z", [1]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, "cx", [0, 1]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, "z", [0]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, "z", [1]) self.assertEqual(cliff, cliff1) with self.subTest(msg="relation between cx and s"): cliff = Clifford(np.eye(4)) cliff1 = cliff.copy() cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, "cx", [1, 0]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, "cx", [0, 1]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, "s", [1]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, "cx", [0, 1]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, "cx", [1, 0]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, "sdg", [0]) self.assertEqual(cliff, cliff1)
def test_append_1_qubit_gate(self): """Tests for append of 1-qubit gates""" target_table = { "i": np.array([[[True, False], [False, True]]], dtype=bool), "id": np.array([[[True, False], [False, True]]], dtype=bool), "iden": np.array([[[True, False], [False, True]]], dtype=bool), "x": np.array([[[True, False], [False, True]]], dtype=bool), "y": np.array([[[True, False], [False, True]]], dtype=bool), "z": np.array([[[True, False], [False, True]]], dtype=bool), "h": np.array([[[False, True], [True, False]]], dtype=bool), "s": np.array([[[True, True], [False, True]]], dtype=bool), "sdg": np.array([[[True, True], [False, True]]], dtype=bool), "sinv": np.array([[[True, True], [False, True]]], dtype=bool), "v": np.array([[[True, True], [True, False]]], dtype=bool), "w": np.array([[[False, True], [True, True]]], dtype=bool), } target_phase = { "i": np.array([[False, False]], dtype=bool), "id": np.array([[False, False]], dtype=bool), "iden": np.array([[False, False]], dtype=bool), "x": np.array([[False, True]], dtype=bool), "y": np.array([[True, True]], dtype=bool), "z": np.array([[True, False]], dtype=bool), "h": np.array([[False, False]], dtype=bool), "s": np.array([[False, False]], dtype=bool), "sdg": np.array([[True, False]], dtype=bool), "sinv": np.array([[True, False]], dtype=bool), "v": np.array([[False, False]], dtype=bool), "w": np.array([[False, False]], dtype=bool) } target_stabilizer = { "i": "+Z", "id": "+Z", "iden": "+Z", "x": "-Z", "y": "-Z", "z": "+Z", "h": "+X", "s": "+Z", "sdg": "+Z", "sinv": "+Z", "v": "+X", "w": "+Y", } target_destabilizer = { "i": "+X", "id": "+X", "iden": "+X", "x": "+X", "y": "-X", "z": "-X", "h": "+Z", "s": "+Y", "sdg": "-Y", "sinv": "-Y", "v": "+Y", "w": "+Z", } for gate_name in ("i", "id", "iden", "x", "y", "z", "h", "s", "sdg", "v", "w"): with self.subTest(msg='append gate %s' % gate_name): cliff = Clifford([[1, 0], [0, 1]]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, gate_name, [0]) value_table = cliff.table._array value_phase = cliff.table._phase value_stabilizer = cliff.stabilizer.to_labels() value_destabilizer = cliff.destabilizer.to_labels() self.assertTrue( np.all(np.array(value_table == target_table[gate_name]))) self.assertTrue( np.all(np.array(value_phase == target_phase[gate_name]))) self.assertTrue( np.all( np.array(value_stabilizer == [target_stabilizer[gate_name]]))) self.assertTrue( np.all( np.array(value_destabilizer == [target_destabilizer[gate_name]])))
def _cliffords_1q(self): clifford_dicts = [{ "stabilizer": ["+Z"], "destabilizer": ["-X"] }, { "stabilizer": ["-Z"], "destabilizer": ["+X"] }, { "stabilizer": ["-Z"], "destabilizer": ["-X"] }, { "stabilizer": ["+Z"], "destabilizer": ["+Y"] }, { "stabilizer": ["+Z"], "destabilizer": ["-Y"] }, { "stabilizer": ["-Z"], "destabilizer": ["+Y"] }, { "stabilizer": ["-Z"], "destabilizer": ["-Y"] }, { "stabilizer": ["+X"], "destabilizer": ["+Z"] }, { "stabilizer": ["+X"], "destabilizer": ["-Z"] }, { "stabilizer": ["-X"], "destabilizer": ["+Z"] }, { "stabilizer": ["-X"], "destabilizer": ["-Z"] }, { "stabilizer": ["+X"], "destabilizer": ["+Y"] }, { "stabilizer": ["+X"], "destabilizer": ["-Y"] }, { "stabilizer": ["-X"], "destabilizer": ["+Y"] }, { "stabilizer": ["-X"], "destabilizer": ["-Y"] }, { "stabilizer": ["+Y"], "destabilizer": ["+X"] }, { "stabilizer": ["+Y"], "destabilizer": ["-X"] }, { "stabilizer": ["-Y"], "destabilizer": ["+X"] }, { "stabilizer": ["-Y"], "destabilizer": ["-X"] }, { "stabilizer": ["+Y"], "destabilizer": ["+Z"] }, { "stabilizer": ["+Y"], "destabilizer": ["-Z"] }, { "stabilizer": ["-Y"], "destabilizer": ["+Z"] }, { "stabilizer": ["-Y"], "destabilizer": ["-Z"] }] return [Clifford.from_dict(i) for i in clifford_dicts]
def test_2_qubit_relations(self): """Tests relations for 2-qubit gates""" with self.subTest(msg='relation between cx, h and cz'): cliff = Clifford(np.eye(4)) cliff1 = cliff.copy() cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, 'h', [1]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, 'cx', [0, 1]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, 'h', [1]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, 'cz', [0, 1]) self.assertEqual(cliff, cliff1) with self.subTest(msg='relation between cx and swap'): cliff = Clifford(np.eye(4)) cliff1 = cliff.copy() cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, 'cx', [0, 1]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, 'cx', [1, 0]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, 'cx', [0, 1]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, 'swap', [0, 1]) self.assertEqual(cliff, cliff1) with self.subTest(msg='relation between cx and x'): cliff = Clifford(np.eye(4)) cliff1 = cliff.copy() cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, 'cx', [0, 1]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, 'x', [0]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, 'cx', [0, 1]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, 'x', [0]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, 'x', [1]) self.assertEqual(cliff, cliff1) with self.subTest(msg='relation between cx and z'): cliff = Clifford(np.eye(4)) cliff1 = cliff.copy() cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, 'cx', [0, 1]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, 'z', [1]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, 'cx', [0, 1]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, 'z', [0]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, 'z', [1]) self.assertEqual(cliff, cliff1) with self.subTest(msg='relation between cx and s'): cliff = Clifford(np.eye(4)) cliff1 = cliff.copy() cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, 'cx', [1, 0]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, 'cx', [0, 1]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, 's', [1]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, 'cx', [0, 1]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, 'cx', [1, 0]) cliff = _append_circuit(cliff, 'sdg', [0]) self.assertEqual(cliff, cliff1)