def error2str(error):
'''Convert an error to string.'''
from xoutil.eight import string_types
from xoutil.types import type_coerce
if isinstance(error, string_types):
return safe_str(error)
elif isinstance(error, BaseException):
tname = type(error).__name__
res = safe_str(error)
if tname in res:
return res
else:
return str(': ').join(tname, res) if res else tname
elif issubclass(error, BaseException):
return type(error).__name__
else:
prefix = str('unknown error: ')
cls = type_coerce(error)
tname = cls.__name__
if cls is error:
res = tname
else:
res = safe_str(error)
if tname not in res:
res = str('{}({})').format(tname, res) if res else tname
return prefix + res
def make_a10z(string):
'''Utility to find out that "internationalization" is "i18n".
Examples::
>>> print(make_a10z('parametrization'))
p13n
'''
return string[0] + str(len(string[1:-1])) + string[-1]
def normalize_unicode(value):
# FIXME: i18n
if (value is None) or (value is str('')):
return ''
elif value is True:
return safe_decode('Sí')
elif value is False:
return safe_decode('No')
else:
return safe_decode(value)
def safe_str(obj=str()):
'''Convert to normal string type in a safe way.
Most of our Python 2.x code uses unicode as normal string, also in
Python 3 converting bytes or byte-arrays to strings includes the "b"
prefix in the resulting value.
This function is useful in some scenarios that require `str` type (for
example attribute ``__name__`` in functions and types).
As ``str is bytes`` in Python2, using str(value) assures correct these
scenarios in most cases, but in other is not enough, for example::
>>> from xoutil.string import safe_str as sstr
>>> def inverted_partial(func, *args, **keywords):
... def inner(*a, **kw):
... a += args
... kw.update(keywords)
... return func(*a, **kw)
... inner.__name__ = sstr(func.__name__.replace('lambda', u'λ'))
... return inner
.. versionadded:: 1.7.0
'''
if _py3:
if isinstance(obj, (bytes, bytearray)):
return safe_decode(obj)
else:
return str(obj)
else:
try:
return str(obj)
except UnicodeEncodeError:
# assert isinstance(value, unicode)
return safe_encode(obj)
