def gameOver(parentState=None):
'''
Handles what to do when a game ends (either if won, cap is reached, all
states are investigated -- an almost impossibility --, or user quits via
KeyboardInterrupt). If game is won, will display the game after every
subsequent move till the end. If game is lost, will ask users if they
would like to see the closest state to solved.
'''
isWon = True
if not parentState:
# only called with an argument when game is won (parentState=solve)
print('Game could not be solved :(')
toContinue = input('See the best the program could do? (y or n): ')
if toContinue is not 'y':
return None
isWon = False
parentState = S.findLowestState(statesToCheck.union\
(statesChecked), S.hFunctionBasic)
# search through set of states for one that produces lowest value
# for a given function. Reduce is much more expensive for time.
# Using hFunctionBasic will find state with most foundation cards
answerLst = S.constructPath(parentState, parentAndPathDict)
# take a state and a dictionary linking states to ancestors, produce a
# list of all moves till parentState.
totalTime = time() - timeA
numOfMoves = len(answerLst)
statesEval = counter
S.remakeGame(firstState, answerLst)
# plays a whole game given list of moves and initial state
print(f'Number of moves in solution: {numOfMoves}')
print(f'Total time: {totalTime} seconds')
print(f'States evaluated: {counter}')
return answerLst
def gameOver(parentState=None):
isWon = True
if not parentState:
print('Game could not be solved :(')
toContinue = input('See the best the program could do? (y or n): ')
if toContinue is not 'y':
return None
isWon = False
parentState = S.findLowestState(statesToCheck.union\
(statesChecked), S.hFunctionBasic)
answerLst = S.constructPath(parentState, parentAndPathDict)
totalTime = time() - timeA
numOfMoves = len(answerLst)
statesEval = counter
S.remakeGame(firstState, answerLst)
print(f'Number of moves in solution: {numOfMoves}')
print(f'Total time: {totalTime} seconds')
print(f'States evaluated: {counter}')
return answerLst
def BorDFirstSearch(game, cap, useDFS=False):
'''
Runs either a breadth or depth first search to solve a game.
'''
# For more detailed docstrings, comments, see greedySearch
def gameOver(parentState=None):
''' Handles what to do when a game ends. '''
isWon = True
if not parentState:
print('Game could not be solved :(')
toContinue = input('See the best the program could do? (y or n): ')
if toContinue is not 'y':
return None
isWon = False
parentState = S.findLowestState(set(statesToCheck).union\
(statesChecked), S.hFunctionBasic)
answerLst = S.constructPath(parentState, parentAndPathDict)
totalTime = time() - timeA
numOfMoves = len(answerLst)
statesEval = counter
S.remakeGame(firstState, answerLst)
print(f'Number of moves in solution: {numOfMoves}')
print(f'Total time: {totalTime} seconds')
print(f'States evaluated: {counter}')
return answerLst
timeA = time()
statesToCheck = []
# Just a list now, not a priority queue. If BFS is used, the list will be
# used as a queue (items inserted at beginning, popped from end), while
# DFS would be a stack (inserted at end, popped from end)
statesChecked = set()
parentAndPathDict = {}
insertPoint = 0
if useDFS:
insertPoint = -1
# If BFS, add to 0th position, so back of the queue. If DFS, add to -1
# position, so top of the stack
firstState = G.makeImmutableState(game)
S.printState(firstState)
parentAndPathDict[firstState] = None
statesToCheck.append(firstState)
counter = 0
while statesToCheck:
try:
parentState = statesToCheck.pop()
counter += 1
print(counter)
if S.game_is_won(parentState):
return gameOver(parentState)
if counter == cap:
return gameOver()
statesChecked.add(parentState)
nodesGenerated = S.findSuccessorsBasic(parentState)
for (child, move) in nodesGenerated:
if child in statesChecked:
continue
if child not in statesToCheck:
parentAndPathDict[child] = (parentState, move)
statesToCheck.insert(insertPoint, child)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print(f'States Evaluated: {counter}')
print(f'Time: {time()-timeA} seconds')
toQuit = input('Would you like to quit? (y or n): ')
if toQuit is not 'y':
continue
return gameOver()
def AStarSearchBasic(game, cap):
'''
Uses the A* algorithm, with the same heuristic function as greedySearchBasic.
'''
# For more detailed docstrings, comments, see greedySearch
def gameOver(parentState=None):
''' Handles what to do when a game ends. '''
isWon = True
if not parentState:
print('Game could not be solved :(')
toContinue = input('See the best the program could do? (y or n): ')
if toContinue is not 'y':
return None
isWon = False
parentState = S.findLowestState(statesToCheck.union\
(statesChecked), S.hFunctionBasic)
answerLst = S.constructPath(parentState, parentAndPathDict)
totalTime = time() - timeA
numOfMoves = len(answerLst)
statesEval = counter
S.remakeGame(firstState, answerLst)
print(f'Number of moves in solution: {numOfMoves}')
print(f'Total time: {totalTime} seconds')
print(f'States evaluated: {counter}')
return answerLst
timeA = time()
buckets = [set() for i in range(300)]
statesToCheck = set()
statesChecked = set()
parentAndPathDict = {}
fScores = {}
# states --> fScores = gScores + hScores
# hScores are same as those calculated in greedySearch
gScores = {}
# states --> gScores (number of moves to reach that state)
counter = 0
firstState = G.makeImmutableState(game)
S.printState(firstState)
parentAndPathDict[firstState] = None
gScores[firstState] = 0 # since 0 moves to reach first state
hVal = S.hFunctionBasic(firstState)
fScores[firstState] = hVal # since fScore = gScore + hScore = 0 + hVal
buckets[hVal].add(firstState)
statesToCheck.add(firstState)
while True:
try:
isStateToCheck = False
for i in range(300):
if buckets[i]:
parentState = buckets[i].pop()
isStateToCheck = True
break
counter += 1
print(counter)
if not isStateToCheck: # almost impossible
return gameOver()
if S.game_is_won(parentState):
return gameOver(parentState)
if counter == cap:
return gameOver()
i = counter % 500000 + 160
if i < 300 and counter > 300:
for state in buckets[i]:
del fScores[state]
del gScores[state]
del parentAndPathDict[state]
statesToCheck.remove(state)
buckets[i].clear()
statesToCheck.remove(parentState)
statesChecked.add(parentState)
nodesGenerated = S.findSuccessorsBasic(parentState)
for (child, move) in nodesGenerated:
if child in statesChecked:
continue
if child not in statesToCheck:
parentAndPathDict[child] = (parentState, move)
statesToCheck.add(child)
gVal = gScores[parentState] + 1 # Since only 1 extra move
gScores[child] = gVal
hVal = S.hFunctionBasic(child)
fScores[child] = gVal + hVal
buckets[gVal + hVal].add(child)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print(f'States Evaluated: {counter}')
print(f'Time: {time()-timeA} seconds')
toQuit = input('Would you like to quit? (y or n): ')
if toQuit is not 'y':
continue
return gameOver()
def greedySearchBasic(game, cap):
'''
Another greedySearch algorith using a simpler heuristic function. Only
calculates how many cards are in the foundation for a given state, ignoring
cycles.
'''
# For more detailed docstrings, comments, see greedySearch
def gameOver(parentState=None):
isWon = True
if not parentState:
print('Game could not be solved :(')
toContinue = input('See the best the program could do? (y or n): ')
if toContinue is not 'y':
return None
isWon = False
parentState = S.findLowestState(statesToCheck.union\
(statesChecked), S.hFunctionBasic)
answerLst = S.constructPath(parentState, parentAndPathDict)
totalTime = time() - timeA
numOfMoves = len(answerLst)
statesEval = counter
S.remakeGame(firstState, answerLst)
print(f'Number of moves in solution: {numOfMoves}')
print(f'Total time: {totalTime} seconds')
print(f'States evaluated: {counter}')
return answerLst
timeA = time()
buckets = [set() for i in range(200)]
statesToCheck = set()
statesChecked = set()
parentAndPathDict = {}
# Notice the lack of a cycles dictionary
hScores = {}
counter = 0
firstState = G.makeImmutableState(game)
S.printState(firstState)
parentAndPathDict[firstState] = None
hVal = S.hFunctionBasic(firstState)
# hFunctionBasic only counts # of cards in foundation for a state,
# it is much simpler than hFunction used in other algorithms, which has
# an additional argument of the set of cycles for a given state.
hScores[firstState] = hVal
buckets[hVal].add(firstState)
statesToCheck.add(firstState)
while True:
try:
isStateToCheck = False
for i in range(53):
if buckets[i]:
parentState = buckets[i].pop()
isStateToCheck = True
break
counter += 1
print(counter)
if not isStateToCheck:
return gameOver()
if S.game_is_won(parentState):
return gameOver(parentState)
elif counter == cap:
return gameOver()
i = counter % 500000 + 70
if i < 200 and counter > 200:
for state in buckets[i]:
del hScores[state]
del parentAndPathDict[state]
statesToCheck.remove(state)
buckets[i].clear()
statesToCheck.remove(parentState)
statesChecked.add(parentState)
nodesGenerated = S.findSuccessorsBasic(parentState)
# Again, findSuccessorsBasic is like findSuccessors, but
# simpler because there is no cycle information, and therefore
# one less argument. Also notice that it returns a list of 2-tuples,
# as opposed to 3-tuples.
for (child, move) in nodesGenerated:
if child in statesChecked:
continue
if child not in statesToCheck:
parentAndPathDict[child] = (parentState, move)
statesToCheck.add(child)
hVal = S.hFunctionBasic(child)
hScores[child] = hVal
buckets[hVal].add(child)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print(f'States Evaluated: {counter}')
print(f'Time: {time()-timeA} seconds')
toQuit = input('Would you like to quit? (y or n): ')
if toQuit is not 'y':
continue
return gameOver()
def greedySearch(game, cap=-1):
'''
A search algorithm that takes a freecell game and tries to solve it. Uses
the Greedy Best First Search algorithm. Heuristic function based off
number of cards in foundations and number of cycles (patterns that make
it hard to clear the cascades)
Arguments:
game -- a freecell game object
cap -- a maximum for the number of states to consider in trying to
find a solution
Return:
if successful, will return a list of all moves to solve the game. If
unsuccessful, users still have the option to see a list of all moves
to the closest state to the solution. If users decline, returns None.
'''
def gameOver(parentState=None):
'''
Handles what to do when a game ends (either if won, cap is reached, all
states are investigated -- an almost impossibility --, or user quits via
KeyboardInterrupt). If game is won, will display the game after every
subsequent move till the end. If game is lost, will ask users if they
would like to see the closest state to solved.
'''
isWon = True
if not parentState:
# only called with an argument when game is won (parentState=solve)
print('Game could not be solved :(')
toContinue = input('See the best the program could do? (y or n): ')
if toContinue is not 'y':
return None
isWon = False
parentState = S.findLowestState(statesToCheck.union\
(statesChecked), S.hFunctionBasic)
# search through set of states for one that produces lowest value
# for a given function. Reduce is much more expensive for time.
# Using hFunctionBasic will find state with most foundation cards
answerLst = S.constructPath(parentState, parentAndPathDict)
# take a state and a dictionary linking states to ancestors, produce a
# list of all moves till parentState.
totalTime = time() - timeA
numOfMoves = len(answerLst)
statesEval = counter
S.remakeGame(firstState, answerLst)
# plays a whole game given list of moves and initial state
print(f'Number of moves in solution: {numOfMoves}')
print(f'Total time: {totalTime} seconds')
print(f'States evaluated: {counter}')
return answerLst
timeA = time()
buckets = [set() for i in range(200)]
# buckets is priority queue necessary for both Greedy BestFirstSearch
# and A*. Since fixed number of integer values for either
# the hFunctions (Greedy BFS) or f functions(A*), buckets is a list of sets
# indexed by these values.
statesToCheck = set()
# has same states as buckets, but easier to use the in operator with
statesChecked = set()
# set of all visited nodes, prevents looping
parentAndPathDict = {}
# states --> (predecessor state, move to go from predecessor to state)
cyclesDict = {}
# states --> set of cycles in that state (see Note on cycles)
hScores = {}
# states --> score according to a heuristic function (distance to goal)
counter = 0
# counts number of states visited
firstState = G.makeImmutableState(game)
S.printState(firstState)
parentAndPathDict[firstState] = None
firstCycles = S.makeCycles(firstState)
# makeCycles only used here. Too long to calculate cycles from a
# given state, adds too much time complexity. Instead, take parent's cycles,
# modify based on move to get to child to find child's cycles
cyclesDict[firstState] = firstCycles
hVal = S.hFunction(firstState, firstCycles)
hScores[firstState] = hVal
buckets[hVal].add(firstState)
statesToCheck.add(firstState)
while True:
try:
isStateToCheck = False
for i in range(200):
# in the buckets version of a priority que, first nonempty set
# will have the best heuristic
if buckets[i]:
parentState = buckets[i].pop()
isStateToCheck = True
break
counter += 1
print(counter)
# 3/4 conditions to end a game. Last one is KeyboardInterrupt
if not isStateToCheck: # impossible
return gameOver()
if S.game_is_won(parentState):
return gameOver(parentState)
if counter == cap:
return gameOver()
# To conserve memory, progressively wipe all nonessential
# states from the data structures
i = counter % 500000 + 70
if i < 200 and counter > 200:
for state in buckets[i]:
del cyclesDict[state]
del hScores[state]
del parentAndPathDict[state]
statesToCheck.remove(state)
buckets[i].clear()
# Exceptions is statesChecked, cuz still want to prevent looping
statesToCheck.remove(parentState)
statesChecked.add(parentState)
nodesGenerated = S.findSuccessors(parentState,\
cyclesDict[parentState])
for (child, move, cycles) in nodesGenerated:
if child in statesChecked:
# already seen, no looping
continue
if child not in statesToCheck: # if state not yet generated
parentAndPathDict[child] = (parentState, move)
statesToCheck.add(child)
cyclesDict[child] = cycles
hVal = S.hFunction(child, cycles)
hScores[child] = hVal
buckets[hVal].add(child)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
# Allows user to stop the loop anytime. Stopping kills a few states
# though, because most likely the parentState already added to
# statesChecked, but no kids produced.(See note on KeyboardInterrupts)
print(f'States Evaluated: {counter}')
print(f'Time: {time()-timeA} seconds')
toQuit = input('Would you like to quit? (y or n): ')
if toQuit is not 'y':
continue
return gameOver()