#!/usr/bin/env python

import sys, os

from textwrap import dedent

path_to_core = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'switch-hawaii-core'))

sys.path.append(path_to_core)

import scenario_data, scenarios

scenarios.parser.add_argument('--skip_cf', action='store_true')

scenarios.parser.add_argument('--write_rhos', action='store_true')

scenarios.parser.add_argument('--time_sample')

cmd_line_args = scenarios.cmd_line_args()

# particular settings chosen for this case

# (these will be passed as arguments when the queries are run)

args = dict(

)

# annual change in capital cost of new renewable projects

args.update(

wind_capital_cost_escalator=0.0,

pv_capital_cost_escalator=0.0

)

# data for sodium sulfur batteries from Dropbox/kauai/OPL/Storage/power_plan.xlsx

# and http://www.energystoragenews.com/NGK%20Insulators%20Sodium%20Sulfur%20Batteries%20for%20Large%20Scale%20Grid%20Energy%20Storage.html

# This version was used for model runs before 2016-01-27

# args.update(

# battery_capital_cost_per_mwh_capacity=363636.3636,

# battery_n_cycles=4500,

# battery_max_discharge=0.9,

# battery_min_discharge_time=6,

# battery_efficiency=0.75,

# )

# battery data for 7.2 MW sodium sulfide battery from Black & Veatch 2012,

# "Cost and Performance Data for Power Generation Technologies"

# http://bv.com/docs/reports-studies/nrel-cost-report.pdf (for 2015 system)

# NOTE: this source includes forecasts for cost improvements in the future

# args.update(

# battery_capital_cost_per_mwh_capacity=3890000/8.1

# battery_n_cycles=5000,

# battery_max_discharge=0.80, # not specified; see notes under EPRI data below

# battery_min_discharge_time=8.1,

# battery_efficiency=0.75,

# # they also include

# # $59/MWh variable O&M

# # $25200/MW-year fixed O&M

# # and say "The O&M cost includes the cost of battery replacement every 5,000 hours."

# # not sure whether this means 5,000 cycles or hours of use, but it seems to fit with cycles.

# )

# battery data for 50 MW/300 MWh system from EPRI, 2010, "Electric Energy Storage Technology Options:

# A White Paper Primer on Applications, Costs, and Benefits",

# http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2012/ph240/doshay1/docs/EPRI.pdf

# This has been used as the preferred battery prices since 2016-01-27

inflate_2010 = (1.0+args["inflation_rate"])**(args["base_financial_year"]-2010)

args.update(

battery_capital_cost_per_mwh_capacity=inflate_2010*3200.0*1000/6,

battery_n_cycles=4500,

battery_max_discharge=0.85,

# DOD not specified;

# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium-sulfur_battery says 'Lifetime of 2,500 cycles at 100% depth of discharge (DOD), or 4,500 cycles at 80% DOD';

# brochure cited by wikipedia at http://web.archive.org/web/20060205153231/http://www.ulvac-uc.co.jp/prm/prm_arc/049pdf/ulvac049-02.pdf gives 4,500 cycles at 85% DOD.

# this article says "Lifetime of 2,500 cycles (at 100% DOD - depth of discharge), or 4,500 cycles (at 80% DOD)":

# http://www.rellpower.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Ioxus-The-Case-for-Sodium-Sulfur-Batters-and-Ultracapacitors.pdf

# Bito (NGK Insulators), 2005, "Overview of the Sodium-Sulfur Battery for the

# IEEE Stationary Battery Committee", http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PES.2005.1489556 says

# "Long calendar and cycle life - 15 years and 2500 for 100% depth-of-discharge (DOD)

# or 4500 for 90% DOD or 6500 for 65% DOD, etc."

battery_min_discharge_time=6,

battery_efficiency=0.75,

)

# Data for Tesla PowerWall from https://www.teslamotors.com/powerwall

# assuming 10 years * 365 cycles/year = 3650 cycle life

# args.update(

# battery_capital_cost_per_mwh_capacity=(3000.0+1000.0)*1000/7.0,

# # ($3000 (batteries) + $1000 (inverter))/7 kWh

# # inverter cost estimate from

# # http://www.catalyticengineering.com/top-ten-facts-about-teslas-350kwh-powerwall-battery/

# # similar to power conversion costs in http://bv.com/docs/reports-studies/nrel-cost-report.pdf

# # much more than power conversion costs in

# # http://energyenvironment.pnnl.gov/pdf/National_Assessment_Storage_PHASE_II_vol_2_final.pdf

# battery_n_cycles=10*365,

# battery_max_discharge=1.0,

# # DOD not specified by tesla, probably 100% (i.e. 10 MWh module capped at 7 MWh) according to

# # http://www.catalyticengineering.com/top-ten-facts-about-teslas-350kwh-powerwall-battery/

# battery_min_discharge_time=7.0/3.3, # 7.0 kWh / 3.3 kW

# battery_efficiency=0.87,

# # AC efficiency not given by tesla, estimated by

# # http://www.catalyticengineering.com/top-ten-facts-about-teslas-350kwh-powerwall-battery/

# )

# other sources of battery cost data:

# http://energyenvironment.pnnl.gov/pdf/National_Assessment_Storage_PHASE_II_vol_2_final.pdf

# (also has depth-of-discharge vs. cycle life curves for NaS and Li-ion batteries)

# PSIP appendix J (but doesn't look at multi-hour storage or give storage depth): http://files.hawaii.gov/puc/3_Dkt%202011-0206%202014-08-26%20HECO%20PSIP%20Report.pdf

# http://www.hawaiianelectric.com/heco/Clean-Energy/Issues-and-Challenges/Energy-Storage

# http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/46719.pdf

# http://www.irena.org/documentdownloads/publications/irena_battery_storage_report_2015.pdf

# https://www.purdue.edu/discoverypark/energy/assets/pdfs/SUFG/publications/SUFG%20Energy%20Storage%20Report.pdf (refs 5 and 22 from EPRI)

# https://www.wecc.biz/Reliability/2014_TEPPC_Generation_CapCost_Report_E3.pdf

# http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy11osti/48595.pdf

# also see some NaS specs at http://www.eei.org/about/meetings/meeting_documents/abe.pdf

# and https://books.google.com/books?id=hGHr2L6HtKwC&pg=PA101&lpg=PA101&dq=sodium-sulfur+battery+calendar+life&source=bl&ots=ro3kExJx7o&sig=pciJ4sWF8wMmnYMljJPc2xlb4Bc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwja6JyAmIDKAhUP0mMKHfyTDyIQ6AEINjAD#v=onepage&q=sodium-sulfur%20battery%20calendar%20life&f=false

# electrolyzer data from centralized current electrolyzer scenario version 3.1 in

# http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/h2a_prod_studies.html -> 01D_Current_Central_Hydrogen_Production_from_PEM_Electrolysis_version_3.1.xlsm

# (cited by 46719.pdf)

# note: we neglect land costs because they are small and can be recovered later

# TODO: move electrolyzer refurbishment costs from fixed to variable

# liquifier and tank data from http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy99osti/25106.pdf

# fuel cell data from http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/46719.pdf

inflate_1995 = (1.0+args["inflation_rate"])**(args["base_financial_year"]-1995)

inflate_2007 = (1.0+args["inflation_rate"])**(args["base_financial_year"]-2007)

inflate_2008 = (1.0+args["inflation_rate"])**(args["base_financial_year"]-2008)

h2_lhv_mj_per_kg = 120.21 # from http://hydrogen.pnl.gov/tools/lower-and-higher-heating-values-fuels

h2_mwh_per_kg = h2_lhv_mj_per_kg / 3600 # (3600 MJ/MWh)

electrolyzer_kg_per_mwh = 1000.0/54.3 # (1000 kWh/1 MWh)(1kg/54.3 kWh) # TMP_Usage cell

electrolyzer_mw = 50000.0 * (1.0/electrolyzer_kg_per_mwh) * (1.0/24.0) # (kg/day) * (MWh/kg) * (day/h) # design_cap cell

args.update(

hydrogen_electrolyzer_capital_cost_per_mw=inflate_2007*144641663.0/electrolyzer_mw, # depr_cap cell

hydrogen_electrolyzer_fixed_cost_per_mw_year=inflate_2007*7134560.0/electrolyzer_mw, # fixed cell

hydrogen_electrolyzer_variable_cost_per_kg=0.0, # they only count electricity as variable cost

hydrogen_electrolyzer_kg_per_mwh=electrolyzer_kg_per_mwh,

hydrogen_electrolyzer_life_years=40, # plant_life cell

hydrogen_liquifier_capital_cost_per_kg_per_hour=inflate_1995*25600, # 25106.pdf p. 18, for 1500 kg/h plant, approx. 100 MW

hydrogen_liquifier_fixed_cost_per_kg_hour_year=0.0, # unknown, assumed low

hydrogen_liquifier_variable_cost_per_kg=0.0, # 25106.pdf p. 23 counts tank, equipment and electricity, but those are covered elsewhere

hydrogen_liquifier_mwh_per_kg=10.0/1000.0, # middle of 8-12 range from 25106.pdf p. 23

hydrogen_liquifier_life_years=30, # unknown, assumed long

liquid_hydrogen_tank_capital_cost_per_kg=inflate_1995*18, # 25106.pdf p. 20, for 300000 kg vessel

liquid_hydrogen_tank_life_years=40, # unknown, assumed long

hydrogen_fuel_cell_capital_cost_per_mw=813000*inflate_2008, # 46719.pdf

hydrogen_fuel_cell_fixed_cost_per_mw_year=27000*inflate_2008, # 46719.pdf

hydrogen_fuel_cell_variable_cost_per_mwh=0.0, # not listed in 46719.pdf; we should estimate a wear-and-tear factor

hydrogen_fuel_cell_mwh_per_kg=0.53*h2_mwh_per_kg, # efficiency from 46719.pdf

hydrogen_fuel_cell_life_years=15, # 46719.pdf

)

args.update(

pumped_hydro_headers=[

'ph_project_id', 'ph_load_zone', 'ph_capital_cost_per_mw', 'ph_project_life', 'ph_fixed_om_percent',

'ph_efficiency', 'ph_inflow_mw', 'ph_max_capacity_mw'],

pumped_hydro_projects=[

['Lake_Wilson', 'Oahu', 2800*1000+35e6/150, 50, 0.015, 0.77, 10, 150],

]

)

args.update(

rps_targets = {2015: 0.15, 2020: 0.30, 2030: 0.40, 2040: 0.70, 2045: 1.00}

)

# data definitions for alternative scenarios

alt_args = [

]

for a in alt_args:

# clone the arguments dictionary and update it with settings from the alt_args entry, if any

active_args = dict(args.items() + a.items())

scenario_data.write_tables(**active_args)

if cmd_line_args['write_rhos']:

# calculate and store the per-variable rho values

print "creating rho settings files (takes several minutes)..."

import ReferenceModel

inputs_dirs = set()

inputs_dirs.add(args["inputs_dir"])

for a in alt_args:

inputs_dirs.add(a["inputs_dir"])

for inputs_dir in inputs_dirs:

ReferenceModel.inputs_dir = inputs_dir

ReferenceModel.create_model()

ReferenceModel.load_inputs()

ReferenceModel.save_rho_file()

else:

print "SKIPPING rho settings files."

print "Use --write_rhos flag to write the rho settings files."