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delta.py
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delta.py
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#! /usr/bin/python
"""
Find differences between two RDF graphs, using
functional and inverse functional properties to identify bnodes
in the patch file.
--from=uri -f uri from-file
--to=uri -t uri file against which to check for differences
--meta=uri -m uri file with metadata to be assumed (in addition to schemas)
--help -h print this help message
--verbose= -v 1 verbose mode (can be 0 to 10, 0 is default)
--granularity= -g 0 g=0 - lots of little diffs.
g=1, fewer diffs (default)
If from-file but not to-file is given, from-file is smushed and output
Uris are relative to present working directory.
For motivation and explanation, see <http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Diff>
$Id$
http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/diff.py
"""
import string, getopt
try:
Set = set # Python2.4 and on
except NameError:
from sets import Set # Python2.3 and on
import string
import sys
# http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/
try:
from swap import llyn, diag
from swap.myStore import loadMany
from swap.diag import verbosity, setVerbosity, progress
from swap import notation3 # N3 parsers and generators
from swap.RDFSink import FORMULA, LITERAL, ANONYMOUS, Logic_NS
from swap import uripath
from swap.uripath import base
from swap.myStore import Namespace
from swap import myStore
from swap.notation3 import RDF_NS_URI
from swap.llyn import Formula, CONTEXT, PRED, SUBJ, OBJ
except ImportError:
import llyn, diag
from myStore import loadMany
from diag import verbosity, setVerbosity, progress
import notation3 # N3 parsers and generators
from RDFSink import FORMULA, LITERAL, ANONYMOUS, Logic_NS
import uripath
from uripath import base
from myStore import Namespace
import myStore
from notation3 import RDF_NS_URI
from llyn import Formula, CONTEXT, PRED, SUBJ, OBJ
#daml = Namespace("http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil#")
OWL = Namespace("http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#")
RDF = Namespace("http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#")
LOG = Namespace("http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#")
DELTA = Namespace("http://www.w3.org/2004/delta#")
def debugBnode(n, f):
progress("For node %s" % `n`)
for s in f.statementsMatching(subj=n):
progress(" %s %s; # could be ifp?" %(`s.predicate()`, `s.object()`))
for s in f.statementsMatching(obj=n):
progress(" is %s of %s; # could be fp?" %(`s.predicate()`, `s.subject()`))
def lookUp(predicates, assumptions=Set()):
"""Look up all the schemas for the predicates given"""
global verbose
schemas = assumptions
for pred in predicates:
if verbose > 3: progress("Predicate: %s" % `pred`)
u = pred.uriref()
hash = u.find("#")
if hash <0:
if verbose > 1: progress("Warning: Predicate <%s> looks like web resource not Property" % u)
else:
schemas.add(u[:hash])
if verbose > 2:
for r in schemas:
progress("Metadata to be loaded: ", r)
if schemas:
return loadMany([(x) for x in schemas])
return myStore.store.newFormula() # Empty formula
def nailFormula(f, assumptions=Set()):
"""Smush the formula.
Build a dictionary of nodes which are indirectly identified
by [inverse] functonal properties."""
global verbose
cc, predicates, ss, oo = getParts(f)
nodes = ss | oo
sofar = {}
bnodes = Set()
for node in nodes:
if node.generated() or node in f.existentials():
bnodes.add(node)
if verbose >=5: progress("Blank node: %s" % `node`)
else:
if verbose >=5: progress("Fixed node: %s" % `node`)
sofar[node] = []
meta = lookUp(predicates, assumptions)
ifps = predicates & Set(meta.each(pred=RDF.type, obj=OWL.InverseFunctionalProperty))
fps = predicates & Set(meta.each(pred=RDF.type, obj=OWL.FunctionalProperty))
if verbose > 1:
for p in fps: progress("Functional Property:", p)
for p in ifps: progress("Inverse Functional: ", p)
definitions = []
if len(bnodes) == 0:
if verbose > 0: progress("No bnodes in graph")
return bnodes, definitions
a = float(len(bnodes))/len(nodes)
if verbose > 1: progress("Proportion of bodes which are blank: %f" % a)
# if a == 0: return bnodes, definitions
loose = bnodes.copy()
equivs = Set()
# Note possible optmization: First pass only like this,
# future passes work from newNodes.
while loose:
newNailed = Set()
for preds, inverse, char in ((fps, 0, "!"), (ifps, 1, "^")):
for pred in preds:
if verbose > 3: progress("Predicate", pred)
ss = f.statementsMatching(pred=pred)
for s in ss:
if inverse: y, x = s.object(), s.subject()
else: x, y = s.object(), s.subject()
if not x.generated(): continue # Only anchor bnodes
if y not in loose: # y is the possible anchor
defi = (x, inverse, pred, y)
if x in loose: # this node
if verbose > 4: progress(" Nailed %s as %s%s%s" % (`x`, `y`, `char`, `pred`))
loose.discard(x)
newNailed.add(x)
else:
if verbose >=6 : progress(
" (ignored %s as %s%s%s)" % (`x`, `y`, `char`, `pred`))
definitions.append(defi)
# if verbose > 9: progress(" Definition[x] is now", definition[x])
if inverse: equivalentSet = Set(f.each(obj=y, pred=pred))
else: equivalentSet = Set(f.each(subj=y, pred=pred))
if len(equivalentSet) > 1: equivs.add(equivalentSet)
if not newNailed:
if verbose > 1:
progress("Failed to nail nodes:", loose)
if verbose > 3:
for n in loose:
debugBnode(n, f)
break
# At this point if we still have loose nodes, we have failed with ifps and fps.
# Diff may not be strong. (It might still be: the diffs might not involve weak definitions)
weak = loose.copy() # Remember
if verbose > 0: progress("\nFailed to directly nail everything, looking for weak nailings.")
# sys.exit(-1) #@@@
while loose:
newNailed = Set()
if verbose>2:
progress()
progress("Pass: loose = %s" % loose)
for x in loose.copy():
if verbose>3: progress("Checking weakly node %s" % x)
for s in f.statementsMatching(obj=x):
pred, y = s.predicate(), s.subject()
if y in loose:
if verbose > 4: progress("Can't nail to loose %s" % y)
continue # Can't nail to something loose
others = f.each(subj=y, pred=pred)
# @@ Should ignore redirected equivalent nodes in others
if len(others) != 1:
if verbose>4: progress("Can't nail: %s all are %s of %s." % (others, pred, y))
continue # Defn would be ambiguous in this graph
defi = (x, 0, pred, y)
if verbose >4: progress(" Weakly-nailed %s as %s%s%s" % (x, y, "!", pred))
loose.discard(x)
newNailed.add(x)
definitions.append(defi)
break # progress
else:
for s in f.statementsMatching(subj=x):
pred, obj = s.predicate(), s.object()
if obj in loose:
if verbose >4: progress("Can't nail to loose %s" % obj)
continue # Can't nail to something loose
others = f.each(obj=obj, pred=pred)
# @@ Should ignore redirected equivalent nodes in others
if len(others) != 1:
if verbose >4: progress(
"Can't nail: %s all have %s of %s." % (others, pred, obj))
continue # Defn would be ambiguous in this graph
defi = (x, 1, pred, obj)
if verbose>2: progress(" Weakly-nailed %s as %s%s%s" % (`x`, `obj`, "^", `pred`))
loose.discard(x)
newNailed.add(x)
definitions.append(defi)
break # progress
if not newNailed:
if verbose>0:
progress("Failed to even weakly nail nodes:", loose)
for n in loose:
progress("For node %s" % n)
for s in f.statementsMatching(subj=n):
progress(" %s %s; # could be ifp?" %(`s.predicate()`, `s.object()`))
for s in f.statementsMatching(obj=n):
progress(" is %s of %s; # could be fp?" %(s.predicate(), s.subject()))
raise ValueError("Graph insufficiently labelled for nodes: %s" % loose)
if verbose>0 and not weak: progress("Graph is solid.")
if verbose>0 and weak: progress("Graph is NOT solid.")
f.reopen()
for es in equivs:
if verbose>3: progress("Equivalent: ", es)
prev = None
for x in es:
if prev:
f.add(x, OWL.sameAs, prev)
prev = x
return bnodes, definitions
def removeCommon(f, g, match):
"""Find common statements from f and g
match gives the dictionary mapping bnodes in f to bnodes in g"""
only_f, common_g = Set(), Set()
for st in f.statements[:]:
s, p, o = st.spo()
assert s not in f._redirections
assert o not in f._redirections
if s.generated(): sg = match.get(s, None)
else: sg = s
if o.generated(): og = match.get(o, None)
else: og = o
if og != None and sg != None:
gsts = g.statementsMatching(subj=sg, pred=p, obj=og)
if len(gsts) == 1:
if verbose>4: progress("Statement in both", st)
common_g.add(gsts[0])
continue
only_f.add(st)
return only_f, Set(g.statements)-common_g
def patches(delta, f, only_f, originalBnodes, definitions, deleting=0):
"""Generate patches in patch formula, for the remaining statements in f
given the bnodes and definitions for f."""
todo = only_f.copy()
if deleting:
patchVerb = DELTA.deletion
else:
patchVerb = DELTA.insertion
if verbose>2: progress("*********** PATCHES: %s, with %i to do" %(patchVerb, len(todo)))
while todo:
# find a contiguous subgraph defined in the given graph
bnodesToDo = Set()
bnodes = Set()
rhs = delta.newFormula()
lhs = delta.newFormula() # left hand side of patch
newStatements = Set()
for seed in todo: break # pick one #@2 fn?
statementsToDo = Set([seed])
if verbose>3: progress("Seed:", seed)
subgraph = statementsToDo
while statementsToDo or bnodesToDo:
for st in statementsToDo:
s, p, o = st.spo()
for x in s, p, o:
if x.generated() and x not in bnodes: # and x not in commonBnodes:
if verbose>4: progress(" Bnode ", x)
bnodesToDo.add(x)
bnodes.add(x)
rhs.add(s, p, o)
statementsToDo = Set()
for x in bnodesToDo:
bnodes.add(x)
ss = (f.statementsMatching(subj=x)
+ f.statementsMatching(pred=x)
+ f.statementsMatching(obj=x))
for z in ss:
if z in only_f:
newStatements.add(z)
if verbose>3: progress(" New statements from %s: %s" % (x, newStatements))
statementsToDo = statementsToDo | newStatements
subgraph = subgraph |newStatements
bnodesToDo = Set()
if verbose>3: progress("Subgraph of %i statements (%i left):\n\t%s\n"
%(len(subgraph), len(todo), subgraph))
todo = todo - subgraph
undefined = bnodes.copy()
for x, inverse, pred, y in definitions:
if x in undefined:
if inverse: s, p, o = x, pred, y
else: s, p, o = y, pred, x
if verbose > 4: progress("Declaring variable %s" % x.uriref())
if deleting:
delta.declareUniversal(x)
lhs.add(subj=s, pred=p, obj=o)
else: # inserting
if x in originalBnodes:
delta.declareUniversal(x)
lhs.add(subj=s, pred=p, obj=o)
else:
rhs.declareExistential(x)
if y.generated():
undefined.add(y)
undefined.discard(x)
if undefined:
progress("Still haven't defined bnodes %s" % undefined)
for n in undefined:
debugBnode(n, f)
raise RuntimeError("BNodes still undefined", undefined)
lhs = lhs.close()
rhs = rhs.close()
delta.add(subj=lhs, pred=patchVerb, obj=rhs)
if verbose >1: progress("PATCH: %s %s %s\n" %(lhs.n3String(), `patchVerb`, rhs.n3String()))
return
def consolidate(delta, patchVerb):
"""Consolidate patches
Where the same left hand side applies to more than 1 RHS formula,
roll those RHS formulae into one, to make the dif file more readable
and faster to execute in some implementations
"""
agenda = {}
if verbose >3: progress("Consolidating %s" % patchVerb)
for s in delta.statementsMatching(pred=patchVerb):
list = agenda.get(s.subject(), None)
if list == None:
list = []
agenda[s.subject()] = list
list.append(s)
for lhs, list in agenda.items():
if verbose >3: progress("Patches lhs= %s: %s" %(lhs, list))
if len(list) > 1:
rhs = delta.newFormula()
for s in list:
delta.store.copyFormula(s.object(), rhs)
delta.removeStatement(s)
delta.add(subj=lhs, pred=patchVerb, obj=rhs.close())
def differences(f, g, assumptions):
"""Smush the formulae. Compare them, generating patch instructions."""
global lumped
# Cross-map nodes:
g_bnodes, g_definitions = nailFormula(g, assumptions)
bnodes, definitions = nailFormula(f, assumptions)
if verbose > 1: progress("\n Done nailing")
definitions.reverse() # go back down list @@@ reverse the g list too? @@@
g_definitions.reverse() # @@ needed for the patch generation
unmatched = bnodes.copy()
match = {} # Mapping of nodes in f to nodes in g
for x, inverse, pred, y in definitions:
if x in match: continue # done already
if x in f._redirections:
if verbose > 3: progress("Redirected %s to %s. Ignoring" % (`x`, `f._redirections[x]`))
unmatched.discard(x)
continue
if verbose > 3: progress("Definition of %s = %s%s%s"% (`x`, `y` , ".!^"[inverse], `pred`))
if y.generated():
while y in f._redirections:
y = f._redirections[y]
if verbose>4: progress(" redirected to %s = %s%s%s"% (`x`, `y`, "!^"[inverse], `pred`))
yg = match.get(y, None)
if yg == None:
if verbose>4: progress(" Had definition for %s in terms of %s which is not matched"%(`x`,`y`))
continue
else:
yg = y
if inverse: # Inverse functional property like ssn
matches = Set(g.each(obj=yg, pred=pred))
else: matches = Set(g.each(subj=yg, pred=pred))
if len(matches) == 0:
continue # This is normal - the node does not exist in the other graph
# raise RuntimeError("Can't match %s" % x)
if len(matches) > 1:
raise RuntimeError("""Rats. Wheras in the first graph %s%s%s uniquely selects %s,
in the other graph there are more than 1 matches: %s""" % (`y`, "!^"[inverse], `pred`, `x`, `matches`))
for q in matches: # pick only one @@ python function?
z = q
break
if verbose > 2:
progress("Found match for %s in %s " % (`x`,`z`))
match[x] = z
unmatched.discard(x)
if len(unmatched) > 0:
if verbose >1:
progress("Failed to match all nodes:", unmatched)
for n in unmatched:
debugBnode(n, f)
# Find common parts
only_f, only_g = removeCommon(f,g, match)
delta = f.newFormula()
if len(only_f) == 0 and len(only_g) == 0:
return delta
f = f.close() # We are not going to mess with them any more
g = g.close()
common = Set([match[x] for x in match])
if verbose>2: progress("Common bnodes (as named in g)", common)
patches(delta, f, only_f, Set(), definitions, deleting=1)
patches(delta, g, only_g, common, g_definitions, deleting=0)
if lumped:
consolidate(delta, delta.store.insertion)
consolidate(delta, delta.store.deletion)
return delta
def getParts(f, meta=None):
"""Make lists of all node IDs and arc types
"""
values = [Set([]),Set([]),Set([]),Set([])]
for s in f.statements:
for p in SUBJ, PRED, OBJ:
x = s[p]
values[p].add(x)
return values
def loadFiles(files):
graph = myStore.formula()
graph.setClosureMode("e") # Implement sameAs by smushing
if verbose>0: progress("Loading %s..." % files)
graph = myStore.loadMany(files, openFormula=graph)
if verbose>0: progress("Loaded", graph)
return graph
def usage():
sys.stderr.write(__doc__)
def main():
testFiles = []
diffFiles = []
assumptions = Set()
global ploughOn # even if error
ploughOn = 0
global verbose
global lumped
verbose = 0
lumped = 1
try:
opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "hf:t:m:v:g:",
["help", "from=", "to=", "meta=", "verbose=", "granularity="])
except getopt.GetoptError:
# print help information and exit:
usage()
sys.exit(2)
output = None
for o, a in opts:
if o in ("-h", "--help"):
usage()
sys.exit(2)
if o in ("-v", "--verbose"):
try: verbose = int(a)
except ValueError: verbose = 10
if o in ("-g", "--granularity"):
try: lumped = int(a)
except ValueError: lumped = 0
if o in ("-f", "--from"):
testFiles.append(a)
if o in ("-t", "--to"):
diffFiles.append(a)
if o in ("-m", "--meta"):
assumptions.add(a)
# if testFiles == []: testFiles = [ "/dev/stdin" ]
if testFiles == []:
usage()
sys.exit(2)
graph = loadFiles(testFiles)
version = "$Id$"[1:-1]
if diffFiles == []:
nailFormula(graph, assumptions)
if verbose > 1: print "# Smush generated by " + version
print graph.close().n3String(base=base(), flags="a")
sys.exit(0)
graph2 = loadFiles(diffFiles)
delta = differences(graph, graph2, assumptions)
if verbose >1: print "# Differences by " + version
print delta.close().n3String(base=base())
# sys.exit(len(delta))
# sys.exit(0) # didn't crash
if delta.contains(): # Any statements in delta at all?
sys.exit(1)
else:
sys.exit(0)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()