builtin.py

import cgi

from actors   import Actor, Example, Method, Script, StampedActor, Text, \
                     void_actor
from envs     import Env, global_env
from parser   import Parser
from registry import get_editor, get_uri


number_script = \
    Script([Method('+', ['n'], 'primitive add'),
            Method('-', ['n'], 'primitive subtract'),
            Method('*', ['n'], 'primitive multiply'),
            Method('/', ['n'], 'primitive divide'),
            Method('**', ['n'], 'primitive power'),
            Method('<', ['n'], 'primitive lessthan'),
            Method('=', ['n'], 'primitive equals')])

class Number(Actor):

    def __init__(self, n):
        # XXX global_env is mutable
        Actor.__init__(self, global_env, number_script, n)

    def uneval(self, context, label):
        return context.uncall('builtin.Number', 
                              n=self.primitive_data)
    
    def link_caption(self):
        return str(self.primitive_data)

    def may_edit(self):
        return False

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<<Number %s>>' % self.primitive_data

    def bears_stamp(self, stamp):
        return stamp == type(0)

    def show_data(self):
        return """Value: %s\n<hr>\n""" % self.primitive_data

    def get_n(self, env):
        n = env.must_get('n')
        if not is_number(n):
            raise 'Not a number', n
        return n.primitive_data

    def prim_add(self, env):
        return Number(self.primitive_data + self.get_n(env))

    def prim_subtract(self, env):
        return Number(self.primitive_data - self.get_n(env))

    def prim_multiply(self, env):
        return Number(self.primitive_data * self.get_n(env))

    def prim_divide(self, env):
        return Number(self.primitive_data / self.get_n(env))

    def prim_power(self, env):
        return Number(self.primitive_data ** self.get_n(env))

    def prim_lessthan(self, env):
        return make_boolean(self.primitive_data < self.get_n(env))

    def prim_equals(self, env):
        return make_boolean(self.primitive_data == self.get_n(env))

def is_number(actor):
    # XXX need to allow an ActorEditor of a Number, too
    # and similarly for other primitive types
    return actor.__class__ == Number

def eqv(actor1, actor2):
    if actor1 == actor2:
        return True
    if is_number(actor1) and is_number(actor2):
        return actor1.primitive_data == actor2.primitive_data
    return False


class Boolean(Actor):

    def __init__(self, script, value):
        # XXX global_env is mutable
        Actor.__init__(self, global_env, script, value)

    def uneval(self, context, label):
        return context.uncall('builtin.Boolean', 
                              script=self.script,
                              value=self.primitive_data)
    
    def link_caption(self):
        return str(self.primitive_data).lower()

    def may_edit(self):
        return False

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<<Boolean %s>>' % self.primitive_data

    def bears_stamp(self, stamp):
        return stamp == type(True)

    def show_data(self):
        return """Value: %s\n<hr>\n""" % self.primitive_data

true_elements = \
    [Method('not', [], 'false'),
     Method('iftrue:iffalse:', ['truevalue', 'falsevalue'], 'truevalue')]
false_elements = \
    [Method('not', [], 'true'),
     Method('iftrue:iffalse:', ['truevalue', 'falsevalue'], 'falsevalue')]

true_actor = Boolean(Script(true_elements), True)
false_actor = Boolean(Script(false_elements), False)
global_env.define('true', true_actor)
global_env.define('false', false_actor)

def is_boolean(actor):
    return actor == true_actor or actor == false_actor

def make_boolean(value):
    if value:
        return true_actor
    else:
        return false_actor


if_script = Script([Method('true:then:else:', ['test', 'yes', 'no'],
                           'booleanguard check: test. (test iftrue: yes iffalse: no) run')])
global_env.define('if', Actor(global_env, if_script))


class Box(Actor):

    def __init__(self, initial_value):
        # XXX global_env is mutable
        Actor.__init__(self, global_env, box_script, initial_value)

    def uneval(self, context, label):
        return context.uncall('builtin.Box', 
                              initial_value=self.primitive_data)
    
    def __repr__(self):
        return '<<Box %s>>' % self.primitive_data

    def may_edit(self):
        return False

    def show_data(self):
        return """Contents: <a href="%s">contents</a>\n<hr>\n""" % \
            get_uri(self.primitive_data)

    def prim_get(self, env):
        return self.primitive_data

    def prim_set(self, env):
        new_value = env.must_get('newvalue')
        self.primitive_data = new_value
        return void_actor

box_script = Script([Text("""This is a box holding a value.  "box get" returns the value, while "box <- newvalue" replaces it."""),
                     Method('get', [], 'primitive get'),
                     Method('<-', ['newvalue'], 'primitive set')])


class BoxMaker(Actor):
    # XXX the only reason we need this whole class is in order to
    # restrict the prim_makebox... Maybe we should allow 'global'
    # primitives too.

    def __init__(self):
        # XXX global_env is mutable
        Actor.__init__(self, global_env, box_maker_script, True)

    def uneval(self, context, label):
        return context.uncall('builtin.BoxMaker')
    
    def __repr__(self):
        return '<<BoxMaker>>'

    def may_edit(self):
        return False

    def prim_makebox(self, env):
        initial_value = env.must_get('initialvalue')
        return Box(initial_value)

box_maker_script = Script([Text("""Make a new box initially holding initialvalue:"""),
                           Method('holding:', ['initialvalue'],
                                  'primitive makebox')])
global_env.define('makebox', BoxMaker())


list_script = \
    Script([Text("""Return the number of elements in this list:"""),
            Method('length', [], 'primitive length'),
            Text("""Return my element at the given position:"""),
            Method('at:', ['position'], 'primitive at'),
            Text("""Return a sublist of this list. For example, "['a','b','c'] from: 2 to: 3" is ['b','c']."""),
            Method('from:to:', ['startposition', 'endposition'],
                   'primitive fromto'),
            Method('from:', ['startposition'], 'primitive from'),
            Text("""Return the concatenation of two lists. For example, "[1,2] + [3,4]" is [1,2,3,4]."""),
            Method('+', ['list'], 'primitive catenate'),
            Text("""Call function left: x right: y for ..."""),
            Method('foldr:initially:', ['function', 'initialvalue'],
                   'primitive foldr')
            ])

class List(Actor):

    def __init__(self, elements):
        # XXX global_env is mutable
        Actor.__init__(self, global_env, list_script, tuple(elements))

    def uneval(self, context, label):
        return context.uncall('builtin.List', 
                              elements=self.primitive_data)
    
    def link_caption(self):
        return 'list'

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<<List %s>>' % self.primitive_data

    def bears_stamp(self, stamp):
        return stamp == type(())

    def may_edit(self):
        return False

    def show_data(self):
        # XXX extraneous markup in the elements' show_data()
        elements = [elt.show_data() for elt in self.primitive_data]
        return """Value: [%s]\n<hr>\n""" % ', '.join(elements)

    def prim_length(self, env):
        return Number(len(self.primitive_data))

    def prim_at(self, env):
        pos = env.must_get('position')
        if not is_number(pos):
            raise 'Not a number', pos
        p = int(pos.primitive_data)
        return self.primitive_data[p-1]

    def prim_fromto(self, env):
        start = env.must_get('startposition')
        if not is_number(start):
            raise 'Not a number', start
        end = env.must_get('endposition')
        if not is_number(end):
            raise 'Not a number', end
        s = int(start.primitive_data)
        e = int(end.primitive_data)
        return List(self.primitive_data[(s-1):e])

    def prim_from(self, env):
        start = env.must_get('startposition')
        if not is_number(start):
            raise 'Not a number', start
        s = int(start.primitive_data)
        return List(self.primitive_data[(s-1):])

    def prim_catenate(self, env):
        x = env.must_get('list')
        if not is_list(x):
            raise 'Not a list', x
        return List(self.primitive_data + x.primitive_data)

    def prim_foldl(self, env):  # XXX untried
        function = env.must_get('function')
        initialvalue = env.must_get('initialvalue')
        def f(x, y):
            return function.call('left:right:', [x, y])
        return reduce(f, self.primitive_data, initialvalue)

    def prim_foldr(self, env):
        function = env.must_get('function')
        initialvalue = env.must_get('initialvalue')
        accum = initialvalue
        L = self.primitive_data
        n = len(L)
        for i in range(n):
            left = L[n-1-i]
            accum = function.call('left:right:', [left, accum])
        return accum

def is_list(actor):
    return actor.__class__ == List

string_script = \
    Script([Text("""Return the number of characters in this string:"""),
            Method('length', [], 'primitive length'),
            Text("""Return a substring of this string. For example, "'hello' from: 1 to: 4" is 'hell'."""),
            Method('from:to:', ['startposition', 'endposition'],
                   'primitive fromto'),
            Text("""Return the concatenation of two strings. For example, "'ab' + 'cd'" is 'abcd'."""),
            Method('+', ['string'], 'primitive catenate'),
            Text("""HTML escape"""),
            Method('htmlescaped', [], 'primitive htmlescaped')
            ])

class String(Actor):

    def __init__(self, str):
        # XXX global_env is mutable
        Actor.__init__(self, global_env, string_script, str)

    def uneval(self, context, label):
        return context.uncall('builtin.String', 
                              str=self.primitive_data)
    
    def link_caption(self):
        s = self.primitive_data
        return cgi.escape(quoted_string(abbreviate_string(s)))

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<<String %s>>' % self.primitive_data

    def bears_stamp(self, stamp):
        return stamp == type('')

    def may_edit(self):
        return False

    def show_data(self):
        return """Value: '%s'\n<hr>\n""" % \
            cgi.escape(self.primitive_data)  # XXX escape quotes

    def prim_length(self, env):
        return Number(len(self.primitive_data))

    def prim_fromto(self, env):
        start = env.must_get('startposition')
        if not is_number(start):
            raise 'Not a number', start
        end = env.must_get('endposition')
        if not is_number(end):
            raise 'Not a number', end
        s = int(start.primitive_data)
        e = int(end.primitive_data)
        return String(self.primitive_data[(s-1):e])

    def prim_catenate(self, env):
        str = env.must_get('string')
        if not is_string(str):
            raise 'Not a string', str
        return String(self.primitive_data + str.primitive_data)

    def prim_htmlescaped(self, env):
        return String(cgi.escape(self.primitive_data, True))

def is_string(actor):
    return actor.__class__ == String

def eqv(actor1, actor2):
    if actor1 == actor2:
        return True
    if is_number(actor1) and is_number(actor2):
        return actor1.primitive_data == actor2.primitive_data
    if is_string(actor1) and is_string(actor2):
        return actor1.primitive_data == actor2.primitive_data
    return False

def quoted_string(s):
    return "'%s'" % s           # XXX escape quotes, etc.

def abbreviate_string(s):
    if len(s) <= 62: 
        return s
    return '%s...%s' % (s[:30], s[-30:])


class TypeGuard(Actor):

    def __init__(self, sample_instance):
        # XXX global_env is mutable
        Actor.__init__(self, global_env, type_guard_script, sample_instance)

    def uneval(self, context, label):
        return context.uncall('builtin.TypeGuard',
                              sample_instance=self.primitive_data)
    
    def __repr__(self):
        return '<<TypeGuard>>'

    def may_edit(self):
        return False

    def prim_check(self, env):
        object = env.must_get('object')
        if object.bears_stamp(type(self.primitive_data)):
            return void_actor
        # XXX we should tell the user what type we're looking for
        raise 'Bad type', object

    def prim_passes(self, env):
        object = env.must_get('object')
        return make_boolean(object.bears_stamp(type(self.primitive_data)))

# XXX script should tell the user what type we're looking for
type_guard_script = Script([Text("""Raise an error if object the wrong type:"""),
                            Method('check:', ['object'], 'primitive check'),
                            Method('passes:', ['object'], 'primitive passes')
                            ])
global_env.define('numberguard', TypeGuard(0))
global_env.define('stringguard', TypeGuard(''))
global_env.define('listguard', TypeGuard(()))
global_env.define('booleanguard', TypeGuard(True))


class Stamp(Actor):
    """A unique tag checked by a corresponding stampguard."""

    def __init__(self):
        # XXX global_env is mutable
        Actor.__init__(self, global_env, stamp_script, False)

    def uneval(self, context, label):
        return context.uncall('builtin.Stamp')

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<<Stamp>>'

    def may_edit(self):
        return False

    def link_caption(self):
        return 'stamp'

    def prim_stamp(self, env):
        object = env.must_get('object')
        return StampedActor(object, self)

stamp_script = Script([Text("""A stamp marks object types to be passed by a corresponding stampguard."""),
                       Method('stamp:', ['object'], 'primitive stamp')])


class StampGuard(Actor):

    def __init__(self, stamp):
        # XXX global_env is mutable
        Actor.__init__(self, global_env, stampguard_script, stamp)

    def uneval(self, context, label):
        return context.uncall('builtin.StampGuard', stamp=self.primitive_data)

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<<StampGuard>>'

    def may_edit(self):
        return False

    def link_caption(self):
        return 'stampguard'

    def prim_check(self, env):
        object = env.must_get('object')
        if object.bears_stamp(self.primitive_data):
            return void_actor
        raise 'Not properly stamped', object

stampguard_script = \
    Script([Text("""A stampguard checks whether objects are of a type bearing a particular stamp."""),
            Method('check:', ['object'], 'primitive check')])

class StampMaker(Actor):
    # XXX the only reason we need this whole class is in order to
    # restrict the prim_makestamp... Maybe we should allow 'global'
    # primitives too.

    def __init__(self):
        # XXX global_env is mutable
        Actor.__init__(self, global_env, stamp_maker_script, True)

    def uneval(self, context, label):
        return context.uncall('builtin.StampMaker')
    
    def __repr__(self):
        return '<<StampMaker>>'

    def may_edit(self):
        return False

    def prim_makestamp(self, env):
        stamp = Stamp()
        return List((stamp, StampGuard(stamp),))

stamp_maker_script = Script([Text("""Make a new [stamp, stampguard] pair:"""),
                             Method('run', [], 'primitive makestamp')])
global_env.define('makestamp', StampMaker())


maildir_script = \
    Script([Method('at:put:', ['name', 'sender'], 'primitive atput'),
            Method('at:', ['name'], 'primitive at')])

class MailDirectory(Actor):

    def __init__(self, env=None):
        if env is None:
            env = global_env.sprout()
        Actor.__init__(self, env, maildir_script, True)
        # XXX the following might run before env is initialized, when
        # restoring from a snapshot.  We should just throw out this
        # env hack and make something better.
        for key in env.locals:
            self.script.add_element(Example(key))

    def uneval(self, context, label):
        return context.uncall('builtin.MailDirectory', 
                              env=self.env)
    
    def __repr__(self):
        return '<<MailDirectory>>'

    def may_edit(self):
        return False

    def prim_atput(self, env):
        name = env.must_get('name')
        if not is_string(name):
            raise 'Not a string', name
        key = name.primitive_data.strip()
        p = Parser(key, {})
        is_identifier = p.token(p.identifier, True)
        if not is_identifier:
            raise 'Not a valid mailbox name', name
        p.token(p.identifier)
        p.done()
        sender = env.must_get('sender')
        already = self.env.get(key)
        if already is not None:
            return false_actor
        self.env.define(key, sender)
        self.script.add_element(Example(key))
        return true_actor

    def prim_at(self, env):
        name = env.must_get('name')
        if not is_string(name):
            raise 'Not a string', name
        key = name.primitive_data.strip()
        already = self.env.get(key)
        if already is None:
            return false_actor
        return already

maildir_actor = MailDirectory()


def make_account():
    from actors import Expression # XXX circular module dependency
    root_env = global_env.sprout()

    sender_script = \
        Script([Method('send:', ['message'], 
                       'inbox <- ([message] + inbox get)')])
    mailbox_script = \
        Script([Method('first', [], 'inbox get at: 1'),
                Method('removefirst', [], 'inbox <- (inbox get from: 2)'),
                Method('sender', [], 'sender')])
    makemailbox_run = \
        Method('run', [], 
               Expression('let inbox = makebox holding: []. make sender. make mailbox',
                          {'sender': sender_script,
                           'mailbox': mailbox_script}))
    root_env.define('makemailbox', Actor(root_env, Script([makemailbox_run])))

    root_env.define('maildirectory', maildir_actor)

    root_actor = \
        Actor(root_env,
              Script([Text('Welcome to your new account.  You should bookmark this page if you ever intend to return, because going back and clicking "Go!" again would create another new account with a different URI.\n\nIn Hmph, everything is an object, and every object has a page with a generated URI.  For example, the number 2 is an object.  Below, we send it the message "+ 3" and it adds 3 to itself, yielding 5:'),
                      Example('2 + 3'), 
                      Example('(3*3) + (4*4)'), 
                      Text('The syntax is related to Smalltalk, but not the same.  To make a new type of object, decide on what to call it in the local scope, such as Foo, and enter "make Foo":'),
                      Example('make Foo'),
                      Text('You can also give a local name to any other object using "let name = expression". For example:'),
                      Example('let box = makebox holding: true'),
                      Example('box get'),
                      Example('box <- false. box get'),
                      Example("['hello']"),
                      Text("""There's a public directory of message boxes for other users, in maildirectory:"""),
                      Example('maildirectory'),
                      Text('You can create your own mailbox:'),
                      Example('let mailbox = makemailbox run'),
                      Text("""To add it to the directory, enter "maildirectory at: 'alice' put: mailbox sender" into the "Add example" field below, changing alice to some single-word identifier of your choice. (This will fail and return false if that identifier is already taken.)  Then inspect "mailbox" to see how to get your messages. A message can be any object, not just plain text."""),
                      Text("""Have fun exploring!  Don't put much work into it, at least yet, because this account *will* get zapped during code upgrades; I'm not ready to commit to continuity yet.  There will be actual documentation real soon now.  Please send feedback to Darius Bacon <darius@wry.me>. Thanks!""")
                      ]))
    return get_editor(root_actor)