# Code to produce an xkcd style plot using the latest exoplanet data

# Code pulls data via SQL-type query to the IPAC Exoplanet Archive

# Confirmed exoplanets are plotted in a circle, and candidates are plotted in an enclosing annulus

import numpy as np

import exoplanet_data as exo

import exo_circle_functions as fun

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from time import sleep

pi = 3.141592654

rearth = 6.371e7/7.1492e8 # Earth Radius in Jupiter Radii

rjup = 1.0/rearth # Jupiter Radius in Earth Radii

area_spacing_factor = 2.0 # Increases the area of the circle to allow gaps

placing_spacing = 1.1 # Tolerance for distance between planets. 1=planets can touch

graphic_border = 1.4 # How big is the graphic relative to the area of the annulus/circle?

guess_radius_from_mass = True # Set this to true to estimate planet radius from mass

# 1. Pull exoplanet data using NASA API

weblink = 'http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/nstedAPI/nph-nstedAPI?'

# First confirmed exoplanets

print 'Retrieving confirmed planets'

radii = exo.pull_exoplanet_radii()

# Now candidate exoplanets (Kepler)

print 'Retrieving Kepler Candidates'

radii_c = exo.pull_candidate_exoplanet_radii()

# If requested, pull planets with masses and calculate radii

if guess_radius_from_mass:

print 'Retrieving other planets with masses'

masses = exo.pull_exoplanet_masses(extraconditions='+AND+pl_rade+is+null')

guessradii = fun.guess_radii_from_masses_PHL(masses)

# Add to confirmed exoplanet list

radii = np.concatenate((radii,guessradii),axis=0)

nplanet = len(radii)

ncandidate = len(radii_c)

if guess_radius_from_mass:

print 'There are ',nplanet, ' planets with confirmed and calculated radii'

else:

print 'There are ',nplanet, ' planets with confirmed radii'

print 'There are ',ncandidate, ' candidates'

# Sort data into descending order

radii = np.sort(radii)

radarg = np.argsort(radii, axis=0)[::-1]

radii = radii[radarg]

radii_c = np.sort(radii_c)

radarg = np.argsort(radii_c, axis=0)[::-1]

radii_c = radii_c[radarg]

# Set up arrays to store x and y positions

xp = np.zeros(nplanet)

yp = np.zeros(nplanet)

xc = np.zeros(ncandidate)

yc = np.zeros(ncandidate)

# 4. Generate random number seed from today's date

seed = fun.gen_random_seed_date()

print "Today's seed is ",seed

# 5. Calculate maximum area of circle for confirmed planets

circlearea = 0.0

for i in range(nplanet):

circlearea = circlearea + pi*radii[i]*radii[i]

circlearea = circlearea*area_spacing_factor

circle_rad2 = circlearea/pi

circle_rad = np.sqrt(circle_rad2)

print 'Total area of exoplanet circles is ',circlearea

print 'This gives a circle of radius ',circle_rad

# 5a. Now calculate maximum area of annulus for candidates

annulusarea= 0.0

for i in range(ncandidate):

annulusarea = annulusarea + pi*radii_c[i]*radii_c[i]

annulusarea = annulusarea*area_spacing_factor

annulus_rad2 = annulusarea/pi +circle_rad2

annulus_rad = np.sqrt(annulus_rad2)

print 'Total area of candidate circles is ',annulusarea

print 'This gives an annulus of outer radius ',annulus_rad,2.0*radii_c[0]

# Check: Is annulus too thin for largest candidate?

if 2.0*radii_c[0]>(annulus_rad-circle_rad):

print 'The maximum diameter of an exoplanet candidate is ',radii_c[0]

annulus_rad = 1.1*2.0*radii_c[0] + circle_rad

print 'The annulus has been enlarged to fit this exoplanet: new outer radius ',annulus_rad

sleep(3)

# 6. Now begin accept reject to build planet circle

sep = 0.0

i = 0

overlapflag = 0

while i < nplanet:

# Randomly select x and y inside the circle

rad = np.random.mtrand.uniform(low=0.0,high = circle_rad-radii[i])

phi = np.random.mtrand.uniform(low=0.0,high=2.0*pi)

xp[i] = rad*np.cos(phi)

yp[i] = rad*np.sin(phi)

overlapflag = 0

# Check - does planet's extent exceed circle radius?

overlapflag = fun.test_rad(xp[i], yp[i], radii[i], 0.0, circle_rad)

if overlapflag==1: continue

# Now check to see if there is overlap among neighbours

overlapflag = fun.test_neighbours(i, xp, yp, radii, placing_spacing)

# Check to see if overlap flagged - if not, increase i by 1

if overlapflag==0:

i +=1

print 'Planet ', i, 'placed'

# End while loop

print 'Planets placed: now candidates'

sleep(2)

# Second while loop to place candidates

i=0

overlapflag = 0

sep =0.0

while i<ncandidate:

# Randomly select x and y inside the annulus

rc = np.random.mtrand.uniform(low=circle_rad+radii_c[i],high=annulus_rad-radii_c[i])

phic = np.random.mtrand.uniform(low=0.0,high = 2.0*pi)

xc[i] = rc*np.cos(phic)

yc[i] = rc*np.sin(phic)

overlapflag = 0

# Check - does planet's extent exceed circle radius?

overlapflag = fun.test_rad(xc[i], yc[i], radii_c[i], circle_rad, annulus_rad)

if overlapflag==1: continue

# Now check to see if there is overlap among neighbours

overlapflag = fun.test_neighbours(i, xc, yc, radii_c, placing_spacing)

# Check to see if overlap flagged - if not, increase i by 1

if overlapflag==0:

print 'Candidate ', i, 'placed '

i +=1

# End of placing stage

# Now plot data: just exoplanets first

fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.add_subplot(111)

ax.set_xlim(-graphic_border*circle_rad,graphic_border*circle_rad)

ax.set_ylim(-graphic_border*circle_rad,graphic_border*circle_rad)

ax.set_axis_off()

print 'Plotting'

for i in range(nplanet):

colors = fun.pick_circle_colour(radii[i])

circle1=plt.Circle((xp[i],yp[i]),radius=radii[i],edgecolor='none',facecolor=colors)

ax.add_patch(circle1)

if guess_radius_from_mass:

textstring = str(nplanet)+' exoplanets with confirmed and calculated physical radii as of '

else:

textstring = str(nplanet)+' exoplanets with confirmed physical radii as of '

fun.make_circle_legend_date(ax,textstring,0.0,0.0)

plt.savefig('confirmed.png', format='png')

# Now plot candidates and planets together

fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.add_subplot(111)

ax.set_xlim(-graphic_border*annulus_rad,graphic_border*annulus_rad)

ax.set_ylim(-graphic_border*annulus_rad,graphic_border*annulus_rad)

ax.set_axis_off()

# First, add a transparent circle outlining the confirmed exoplanets

circle1 = plt.Circle((0.0,0.0),radius=circle_rad,edgecolor='none',facecolor='slategrey',alpha=0.5)

ax.add_patch(circle1)

# Now add planets

for i in range(nplanet):

colors = fun.pick_circle_colour(radii[i])

circle1=plt.Circle((xp[i],yp[i]),radius=radii[i],edgecolor='none',facecolor=colors)

ax.add_patch(circle1)

# Then add candidates

for i in range(ncandidate):

colors = fun.pick_circle_colour(radii_c[i])

circle1=plt.Circle((xc[i],yc[i]),radius=radii_c[i],edgecolor='none',facecolor=colors)

ax.add_patch(circle1)

if guess_radius_from_mass:

textstring = str(nplanet)+' exoplanets with confirmed and calculated physical radii \n'+str(ncandidate)+' candidate exoplanets as of '

else:

textstring = str(nplanet)+' exoplanets with confirmed physical radii \n'+str(ncandidate)+' candidate exoplanets as of '

fun.make_circle_legend_date(ax,textstring,0.0,0.0)

plt.savefig('combined.png', format='png')

print 'Done'