Toy language is a lisp dialect written in Python 2.7.5 ......
Well now in JavaScript and Python version has been stopped
Well.... It cannot be regarded as lisp dialect cuz I did not learn lisp very well
The whole language is like Scheme and has some js py style
./----
toy
init.py
toy.py toy language source code file
toy.toy toy language libraries
test.py test file
test.toy test file
test2.toy test file
./walley_ks
...
For the JavaScript Version, please check walley_js folder
Attention:: Python version is stopped...
commands:
toy # Run toy repl 一行一行地运行
toy [file_name] # Run file [file_name] 运行[file_name]文件
toy compress [file_name] # Compress file [file_name] to make it smaller
# will remove \n and extra spaces 压缩文件
==================================
Toy Language Data Type:
5 data types
<strong> atom(string) list vector dict number </strong>
list is mutable data... attention
================================== About Data Type
Atom: 'abc - > (quote abc) return 'abc' "hello world" -> (quote hello world) return 'hello world' define: (define x "Hello World") (define y 'hello) List: '(1 2 3) define: (define x '(1 2 3)) Number: 12 13.4 3/4 only support int float fraction(rational) now define: (define x 12) (define y 3/4) (define z 12.34)
Vector: [value1 value2 value3 ...] [1 2 3] [1 x 2] define: (define x 12) (define y [1 2 3]) -> y is [1 2 3] (define z [x 1 2]) -> z is [12 1 2]
quick access value at index:
(vector index)
eg:
(define x [1 2 3])
(x 2) -> 3
Dict: {:key value :key value ...} key must start with ':' char {:a 12 :b 13} define: (define x {:a 12 :b 13})
quick access value at key
(dict key)
eg:
(define x {:Author 'Yiyi})
(x :Author) -> Yiyi
=====================================
我想把Toy语言做成一种“寄生”语言。。
我试图把Toy解释器做的尽可能小。。 I am trying to make Toy interpreter as tiny as possible
然后便于用其他语言编写Toy解释器，已助于移植代码。。
这样可以使得Toy语言寄生于任何一种语言之上
支持lisp最基础的7个函数 atom? cons car cdr quote cond eq
operator:
+ - * / % float fraction
(/ 3 6) -> 1/2
(/ 3.0 6) -> 0.5
(float 1/2) -> 0.5
comparison:
=(==) > < >= <= != not and or
annotation:
; ur annotation
assignment value:
===============
define
格式:
(define [var_name] [var_value])
这个函数可以被用来创造全局变量
eg:
(define x 12) assign 12 to x
(define x (/ 2 6)) assign 1/3 to x
===============
set!： change defined value
(set! [var_name] [var_value])
eg:
(define x 12) ; assign 12 to x
(set! x 13) ; change the value of x from 12 to 13
Similar as scheme
quote:
eg:
(define x '(1 2)) assign (1 2) to x
# 加上'符号意味着不计算后面的值
'(1 2) 等价于 (quote 1 2)
如果事先
(define a 12)
那么
(define x '(,a a)) 则 assign (12 a) to x 但是不进行计算
====> ((unquote a) a)
# 加上 , 符号意味着进行计算
(define x @(,a a)) 则 assign (12 a) to x 并且进行计算
====> (12 a)
所以 '(,a a) 会计算第一个a而不计算第二个a。。
embeded functions:
内嵌函数：
#########
car cdr cons cond let list if 和其他lisp一样
#########
begin
(begin [stm1] [stm2] ....)
依次运行 stm1 stm2 并且返回最后一个值
#########
lambda
定义函数
(define [func_name] (lambda ([var_argv] ...)
[stms]
)
)
eg:
(define add (lambda (a b)
(+ a b)
)
)
将会将函数 (lambda (a b) (+ a b)) assign 给 add
运行add函数可以直接如下：
(add 3 4) 将会返回 7
((lambda (a b) (+ a b)) 3 4) 同样会返回 7
#########
number? 检查值是否为数字
number? :- float eg: 2.3
:- int eg: 3
:- fraction eg: 1/3
int?
float?
rational?
#########
list? 检查值是否为列表
eg:
(list? '(1 2 3)) -> 1 返回 1 因为 (1 2 3) 为列表
(list? 12) -> 0 返回 0 因为 12 不是列表。。。0 是 atom
#########
atom? 检查值是否为原子:
eg:
(atom? 'a123) -> 1 返回 1 因为 a123 为 原子
(atom? '(a b c) ) -> 0 返回 0 因为 (a b c) 是列表不是原子
#########
empty? null? 检查列表是否为空
注意： empty? <=> null?
eg:
(null? '()) -> 1 因为 () 是空的
(null? '(1 2 3)) -> 0 因为 (1 2 3) 不是空的
#########
display
eg:
>>> (display "Hello")
Hello
>>>
##########
Variadic Function parameters
. args
(define add (lambda (. args) (+ 12 (car args))))
-------
. args 为可变参数 variadic params
(add 3 4) -> 12+3=15, args = (3 4)
& args
(define if (lambda (& params)))
if I input (if 1 (/ 12 0) 13) then
'params' will be assigned value (1 (/ 12 0) 13) without
# deprecated
######### embed list function
Function 'len':
(len [list/atom]) return the length of list or atom
eg:
(len '(1 2 3)) -> 3
(len '1234) ->4
Function 'ref':
(ref [life/atom] index) and the value at index
eg:
(ref '(1 2 3) 0) -> 1
(ref '1234 2) -> 3
Function 'slice':
(slice [life/atom] slice-from slice-to)
get slice of life or atom
eg:
(slice '(1 2 3) 0 2) -> (1 2)
Function 'set-ref!'
(set-ref! var-name index var-value)
Attention: this function will change value at index of mutable data type list
set value at index
eg:
(define x '(1 2 3)
(set-ref! x 0 12) -> x=(12 2 3)
Function 'pop'
(pop [list])
Function 'push'
(push [list] [push_value])
===========
About Macro
由于本人正在学习macro。。。尚未完全理解macro。。所以只是简单的做了一个定义macro的函数
(defmacro [macro-name] [params] [return-value ...])
or
(define [macro-name] (macro [params] [return-value ...]))
eg:
(define square (macro (x) @(* ,x ,x)))
(square 12) will return 144