"""

PIL lets you create in-memory images with various pixel types:

>>> im = Image.new("1", (128, 128)) # monochrome

>>> _info(im)

(None, '1', (128, 128))

>>> _info(Image.new("L", (128, 128))) # grayscale (luminance)

(None, 'L', (128, 128))

>>> _info(Image.new("P", (128, 128))) # palette

(None, 'P', (128, 128))

>>> _info(Image.new("RGB", (128, 128))) # truecolor

(None, 'RGB', (128, 128))

>>> _info(Image.new("I", (128, 128))) # 32-bit integer

(None, 'I', (128, 128))

>>> _info(Image.new("F", (128, 128))) # 32-bit floating point

(None, 'F', (128, 128))

Or open existing files:

>>> im = Image.open(os.path.join(ROOT, "Tests/images/hopper.gif"))

>>> _info(im)

('GIF', 'P', (128, 128))

>>> _info(Image.open(os.path.join(ROOT, "Tests/images/hopper.ppm")))

('PPM', 'RGB', (128, 128))

>>> try:

... _info(Image.open(os.path.join(ROOT, "Tests/images/hopper.jpg")))

... except IOError as v:

... print(v)

('JPEG', 'RGB', (128, 128))

PIL doesn't actually load the image data until it's needed,

or you call the "load" method:

>>> im = Image.open(os.path.join(ROOT, "Tests/images/hopper.ppm"))

>>> print(im.im) # internal image attribute

None

>>> a = im.load()

>>> type(im.im) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS

<... '...ImagingCore'>

You can apply many different operations on images. Most

operations return a new image:

>>> im = Image.open(os.path.join(ROOT, "Tests/images/hopper.ppm"))

>>> _info(im.convert("L"))

(None, 'L', (128, 128))

>>> _info(im.copy())

(None, 'RGB', (128, 128))

>>> _info(im.crop((32, 32, 96, 96)))

(None, 'RGB', (64, 64))

>>> _info(im.filter(ImageFilter.BLUR))

(None, 'RGB', (128, 128))

>>> im.getbands()

('R', 'G', 'B')

>>> im.getbbox()

(0, 0, 128, 128)

>>> len(im.getdata())

16384

>>> im.getextrema()

((0, 255), (0, 255), (0, 255))

>>> im.getpixel((0, 0))

(20, 20, 70)

>>> len(im.getprojection())

2

>>> len(im.histogram())

768

>>> _info(im.point(list(range(256))*3))

(None, 'RGB', (128, 128))

>>> _info(im.resize((64, 64)))

(None, 'RGB', (64, 64))

>>> _info(im.rotate(45))

(None, 'RGB', (128, 128))

>>> [_info(ch) for ch in im.split()]

[(None, 'L', (128, 128)), (None, 'L', (128, 128)), (None, 'L', (128, 128))]

>>> len(im.convert("1").tobitmap())

10456

>>> len(im.tobytes())

49152

>>> _info(im.transform((512, 512), Image.AFFINE, (1,0,0,0,1,0)))

(None, 'RGB', (512, 512))

>>> _info(im.transform((512, 512), Image.EXTENT, (32,32,96,96)))

(None, 'RGB', (512, 512))

The ImageDraw module lets you draw stuff in raster images:

>>> im = Image.new("L", (128, 128), 64)

>>> d = ImageDraw.ImageDraw(im)

>>> d.line((0, 0, 128, 128), fill=128)

>>> d.line((0, 128, 128, 0), fill=128)

>>> im.getextrema()

(64, 128)

In 1.1.4, you can specify colors in a number of ways:

>>> xy = 0, 0, 128, 128

>>> im = Image.new("RGB", (128, 128), 0)

>>> d = ImageDraw.ImageDraw(im)

>>> d.rectangle(xy, "#f00")

>>> im.getpixel((0, 0))

(255, 0, 0)

>>> d.rectangle(xy, "#ff0000")

>>> im.getpixel((0, 0))

(255, 0, 0)

>>> d.rectangle(xy, "rgb(255,0,0)")

>>> im.getpixel((0, 0))

(255, 0, 0)

>>> d.rectangle(xy, "rgb(100%,0%,0%)")

>>> im.getpixel((0, 0))

(255, 0, 0)

>>> d.rectangle(xy, "hsl(0, 100%, 50%)")

>>> im.getpixel((0, 0))

(255, 0, 0)

>>> d.rectangle(xy, "red")

>>> im.getpixel((0, 0))

(255, 0, 0)

In 1.1.6, you can use the ImageMath module to do image

calculations.

>>> im = ImageMath.eval("float(im + 20)", im=im.convert("L"))

>>> im.mode, im.size

('F', (128, 128))

PIL can do many other things, but I'll leave that for another

day. If you're curious, check the handbook, available from:

http://www.pythonware.com

Cheers /F