tic-tac-toe.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Implement Minimax to play Tic Tac Toe"""


import tkinter.messagebox
import tkinter
from turtle import RawTurtle, ScrolledCanvas
from functools import lru_cache

screenMin = 0
screenMax = 300
COMPUTER = 1
HUMAN = -1
PLAYERS = {1: "COMPUTER", -1: "HUMAN"}
AILVLS = {"Naive": 0, "Easy": 2, "Hard": 4}


class Board:
    def __init__(self, board=None, screen=None):
        """
        When a board is constructed, you may want to make a copy of the board.
        This can be a shallow copy of the board because Turtle objects are
        Immutable from the perspective of a board object.
        """
        self.screen = screen
        if screen is None:
            if board:
                self.screen = board.screen

        self.items = []
        for i in range(3):
            row = []
            for j in range(3):
                if board is None:
                    row.append(Dummy())
                else:
                    row.append(board[i][j])

            self.items.append(row)

    def getscreen(self):
        """Accessor method for the screen"""
        return self.screen

    def __getitem__(self, index):
        """
        The getitem method is used to index into the board. It should
        return a row of the board. That row itself is indexable (it is just
        a list) so accessing a row and column in the board can be written
        board[row][column] because of this method.
        """
        return self.items[index]

    def __eq__(self, other):
        """
        This method should return true if the two boards, self and other,
        represent exactly the same state.
        """
        # TODO: COMPLETE THIS FUNCTION
        pass

    def __hash__(self):
        result = 0
        for i in range(3):
            for j in range(3):
                result += (i + j) * self.items[i][j].eval()
        return result

    def reset(self):
        """
        This method will mutate this board to contain all dummy
        turtles. This way the board can be reset when a new game
        is selected. It should NOT be used except when starting
        a new game.
        """

        # self.screen.tracer(1)
        for i in range(3):
            for j in range(3):
                self.items[i][j].goto(-100, -100)
                self.items[i][j] = Dummy()

        self.screen.tracer(0)

    def eval(self):
        """
        This method should return an integer representing the
        state of the board. If the computer has won, return 1.
        If the human has won, return -1. Otherwise, return 0.
        """
        # TODO: COMPLETE THIS FUNCTION
        pass

    def full(self):
        """
        This method should return True if the board
        is completely filled up (no dummy turtles).
        Otherwise, it should return False.
        """
        # TODO: COMPLETE THIS FUNCTION
        pass

    def drawXOs(self):
        """
        This method should draw the X's and O's
        Of this board on the screen.
        """

        for row in range(3):
            for col in range(3):
                if self[row][col].eval() != 0:
                    self[row][col].showturtle()
                    self[row][col].goto(col * 100 + 50, row * 100 + 50)

        self.screen.update()

    def available(self):
        """
        Return available (empty) cells
        """
        pass

    def clone(self):
        """
        Return a copy of the board
        """
        return Board(self)


class Dummy:
    """
    This class is just for placeholder objects when no move has been made
    yet at a position in the board. Having eval() return 0 is convenient when no
    move has been made.
    """

    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def eval(self):
        return 0

    def goto(self, x, y):
        pass


class X(RawTurtle):
    """
    In the X and O classes below the constructor begins by initializing the RawTurtle part of the object with the call to super().__init__(canvas).
    The super() call returns the class of the superclass (the class above the X or O in the class hierarchy).
    In this case, the superclass is RawTurtle.
    Then, calling __init__ on the superclass initializes the part of the object that is a RawTurtle.
    """

    def __init__(self, canvas):
        super().__init__(canvas)
        self.hideturtle()
        self.getscreen().register_shape(
            "X",
            (
                (-40, -36),
                (-40, -44),
                (0, -4),
                (40, -44),
                (40, -36),
                (4, 0),
                (40, 36),
                (40, 44),
                (0, 4),
                (-40, 44),
                (-40, 36),
                (-4, 0),
                (-40, -36),
            ),
        )
        self.pencolor("blue")
        self.shape("X")
        self.penup()
        self.speed(5)
        self.goto(-100, -100)

    def eval(self):
        return COMPUTER


class O(RawTurtle):
    def __init__(self, canvas):
        super().__init__(canvas)
        self.hideturtle()
        self.shapesize(5, 5, 10)
        self.fillcolor("white")
        self.pencolor("red")
        self.shape("circle")
        self.penup()
        self.speed(5)
        self.goto(-100, -100)

    def eval(self):
        return HUMAN


def minimax(player, board, depth=4):
    """
    The minimax function is given a player (1 = Computer, -1 = Human) and a
    board object. When the player = Computer, minimax returns the maximum
    value of all possible moves that the Computer could make. When the player =
    Human then minimax returns the minimum value of all possible moves the Human
    could make. Minimax works by assuming that at each move the Computer will pick
    its best move and the Human will pick its best move. It does this by making a
    move for the player whose turn it is, and then recursively calling minimax.
    The base case results when, given the state of the board, someone has won or
    the board is full.
    """
    # TODO: COMPLETE THIS FUNCTION
    pass


class TicTacToe(tkinter.Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.pack()
        self.paused = False
        self.stop = False
        self.running = False
        self.turn = HUMAN
        self.level = "Easy"
        self.locked = False
        self.buildWindow()

    def buildWindow(self):

        canvas = ScrolledCanvas(self, 600, 600, 600, 600)
        canvas.pack(side=tkinter.LEFT)
        t = RawTurtle(canvas)
        screen = t.getscreen()
        screen.tracer(100000)

        screen.setworldcoordinates(screenMin, screenMin, screenMax, screenMax)
        screen.bgcolor("white")
        t.hideturtle()

        frame = tkinter.Frame(self)
        frame.pack(side=tkinter.RIGHT, fill=tkinter.BOTH)
        board = Board(None, screen)

        def drawGrid():
            screen.clear()
            screen.tracer(1000000)
            screen.setworldcoordinates(screenMin, screenMin, screenMax, screenMax)
            screen.bgcolor("white")
            screen.tracer(0)
            t = RawTurtle(canvas)
            t.hideturtle()
            t.penup()
            t.width(10)
            t.color("black")
            for i in range(2):
                t.penup()
                t.goto(i * 100 + 100, 10)
                t.pendown()
                t.goto(i * 100 + 100, 290)
                t.penup()
                t.goto(10, i * 100 + 100)
                t.pendown()
                t.goto(290, i * 100 + 100)

            screen.update()

        drawGrid()

        def newGame():
            # drawGrid()
            self.turn = HUMAN
            board.reset()
            self.locked = False
            screen.update()

        def startHandler():
            newGame()

        btn_Start = tkinter.Button(frame, text="New Game", command=startHandler)
        btn_Start.pack()

        tkvar = tkinter.StringVar(self)
        tkvar.set(self.level)

        def levelHandler(*args):
            self.level = tkvar.get()

        lbl_Level = tkinter.Label(frame, text="AI level")
        lbl_Level.pack()

        dd_Level = tkinter.OptionMenu(frame, tkvar, command=levelHandler, *AILVLS)
        dd_Level.pack()

        def quitHandler():
            self.master.quit()

        btn_Quit = tkinter.Button(frame, text="Quit", command=quitHandler)
        btn_Quit.pack()

        def computerTurn():
            """
            The locked variable prevents another event from being
            processed while the computer is making up its mind.
            """
            self.locked = True
            maxMove = None

            # Call Minimax to find the best move to make.
            # After writing this code, the maxMove tuple should
            # contain the best move for the computer. For instance,
            # if the best move is in the first row and third column
            # then maxMove would be (0,2).
            # TODO: IMPLEMENT THE DESCRIBED LOGIC

            row, col = maxMove
            board[row][col] = X(canvas)
            self.locked = False

        def mouseClick(x, y):
            if not self.locked:
                row = int(y // 100)
                col = int(x // 100)

                if board[row][col].eval() == 0:
                    board[row][col] = O(canvas)

                    self.turn = COMPUTER

                    board.drawXOs()

                    if not board.full() and not abs(board.eval()) == 1:
                        computerTurn()

                        self.turn = HUMAN

                        board.drawXOs()
                    else:
                        self.locked = True

                    if board.eval() == 1:
                        tkinter.messagebox.showwarning(
                            "Game Over", "Expectedly, Machine wins."
                        )
                    elif board.eval() == -1:
                        tkinter.messagebox.showerror(
                            "Game Over", "Suprisingly, Human wins."
                        )
                    elif board.full():
                        tkinter.messagebox.showinfo("Game Over", "It was a tie.")

        screen.onclick(mouseClick)

        screen.listen()


def main():
    root = tkinter.Tk()
    root.title("Tic Tac Toe")
    application = TicTacToe(root)
    application.mainloop()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()