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maps.py
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maps.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python
# Copyright 2009 John Kleint
#
# This is free software, licensed under the Lesser Affero General
# Public License, available in the accompanying LICENSE.txt file.
"""
Distutils setup script for googlemaps module.
"""
from distutils.core import setup
import sys
sys.path.insert(0, 'googlemaps')
import googlemaps
setup(name='googlemaps',
version=googlemaps.VERSION,
author='John Kleint',
author_email='py-googlemaps-general@lists.sourceforge.net',
url='http://sourceforge.net/projects/py-googlemaps/',
download_url='https://sourceforge.net/projects/py-googlemaps/files/',
description='Easy geocoding, reverse geocoding, driving directions, and local search in Python via Google.',
long_description=googlemaps.GoogleMaps.__doc__,
package_dir={'': 'googlemaps'},
py_modules=['googlemaps'],
provides=['googlemaps'],
requires=['simplejson'],
classifiers=['Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable',
'Intended Audience :: Developers',
'Natural Language :: English',
'Operating System :: OS Independent',
'Programming Language :: Python :: 2',
'License :: OSI Approved :: GNU Library or Lesser General Public License (LGPL)',
'License :: OSI Approved :: GNU Affero General Public License v3',
'Topic :: Internet',
'Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP',
'Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: GIS',
],
keywords='google maps local search ajax api geocode geocoding directions navigation json',
license='Lesser Affero General Public License v3',
)
#!/usr/bin/env python
# Copyright 2009 John Kleint
#
# This is free software, licensed under the Lesser Affero General
# Public License, available in the accompanying LICENSE.txt file.
"""
An easy-to-use Python wrapper for the Google Maps and Local Search APIs.
* **Geocoding**: convert a postal address to latitude and longitude
* **Reverse Geocoding**: find the nearest address to (lat, lng)
* **Local Search**: find places matching a query near a given location
* **Directions**: turn-by-turn directions, distance, time, etc. from A to B
"""
import urllib
import urllib2
try:
import json
except ImportError:
import simplejson as json # pylint: disable-msg=F0401
VERSION = '1.0.2'
__all__ = ['GoogleMaps', 'GoogleMapsError']
def fetch_json(query_url, params={}, headers={}): # pylint: disable-msg=W0102
"""Retrieve a JSON object from a (parameterized) URL.
:param query_url: The base URL to query
:type query_url: string
:param params: Dictionary mapping (string) query parameters to values
:type params: dict
:param headers: Dictionary giving (string) HTTP headers and values
:type headers: dict
:return: A `(url, json_obj)` tuple, where `url` is the final,
parameterized, encoded URL fetched, and `json_obj` is the data
fetched from that URL as a JSON-format object.
:rtype: (string, dict or array)
"""
encoded_params = urllib.urlencode(params)
url = query_url + encoded_params
request = urllib2.Request(url, headers=headers)
response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
return (url, json.load(response))
class GoogleMapsError(Exception):
"""Base class for errors in the :mod:`googlemaps` module.
Methods of the :class:`GoogleMaps` raise this when something goes wrong.
"""
#: See http://code.google.com/apis/maps/documentation/geocoding/index.html#StatusCodes
#: for information on the meaning of these status codes.
G_GEO_SUCCESS = 200
G_GEO_SERVER_ERROR = 500
G_GEO_MISSING_QUERY = 601
G_GEO_UNKNOWN_ADDRESS = 602
G_GEO_UNAVAILABLE_ADDRESS = 603
G_GEO_BAD_KEY = 610
G_GEO_TOO_MANY_QUERIES = 620
_STATUS_MESSAGES = {
G_GEO_SUCCESS : 'G_GEO_SUCCESS',
G_GEO_SERVER_ERROR : 'G_GEO_SERVER_ERROR',
G_GEO_MISSING_QUERY : 'G_GEO_MISSING_QUERY',
G_GEO_UNKNOWN_ADDRESS : 'G_GEO_UNKNOWN_ADDRESS',
G_GEO_UNAVAILABLE_ADDRESS : 'G_GEO_UNAVAILABLE_ADDRESS',
G_GEO_BAD_KEY : 'G_GEO_BAD_KEY',
G_GEO_TOO_MANY_QUERIES : 'G_GEO_TOO_MANY_QUERIES',
}
def __init__(self, status, url=None, response=None):
"""Create an exception with a status and optional full response.
:param status: Either a ``G_GEO_`` code or a string explaining the
exception.
:type status: int or string
:param url: The query URL that resulted in the error, if any.
:type url: string
:param response: The actual response returned from Google, if any.
:type response: dict
"""
Exception.__init__(self, status) # Exception is an old-school class
self.status = status
self.response = response
self.url = url
def __str__(self):
"""Return a string representation of this :exc:`GoogleMapsError`."""
if self.status in self._STATUS_MESSAGES:
if self.response is not None and 'responseDetails' in self.response:
retval = 'Error %d: %s' % (self.status, self.response['responseDetails'])
else:
retval = 'Error %d: %s' % (self.status, self._STATUS_MESSAGES[self.status])
else:
retval = str(self.status)
return retval
def __unicode__(self):
"""Return a unicode representation of this :exc:`GoogleMapsError`."""
return unicode(self.__str__())
STATUS_OK = GoogleMapsError.G_GEO_SUCCESS
class GoogleMaps(object):
"""
An easy-to-use Python wrapper for the Google Maps and Local Search APIs.
**Geocoding**: convert a postal address to latitude and longitude
>>> from googlemaps import GoogleMaps
>>> gmaps = GoogleMaps(api_key)
>>> address = 'Constitution Ave NW & 10th St NW, Washington, DC'
>>> lat, lng = gmaps.address_to_latlng(address)
>>> print lat, lng
38.8921021 -77.0260358
**Reverse Geocoding**: find the nearest address to (lat, lng)
>>> destination = gmaps.latlng_to_address(38.887563, -77.019929)
>>> print destination
Independence and 6th SW, Washington, DC 20024, USA
**Local Search**: find places matching a query near a given location
>>> local = gmaps.local_search('cafe near ' + destination)
>>> print local['responseData']['results'][0]['titleNoFormatting']
Vie De France Bakery & Cafe
**Directions**: turn-by-turn directions, distance, time, etc. from
point A to point B
>>> directions = gmaps.directions(address, destination)
>>> print directions['Directions']['Distance']['meters']
1029
>>> print directions['Directions']['Duration']['seconds']
106
>>> for step in directions['Directions']['Routes'][0]['Steps']:
... print step['descriptionHtml']
Head <b>east</b> on <b>Constitution Ave NW</b> toward <b>9th St NW</b>
Take the 2nd <b>right</b> onto <b>7th St NW</b>
Turn <b>left</b> at <b>Independence Ave SW</b>
This software is in no way associated with or endorsed by Google Inc.
Use of the Google Maps API is governed by its Terms of Service:
http://code.google.com/apis/maps/terms.html. Note in particular that
you will need your own Google Maps API key to use this service,
and that there are rate limits to the number of requests you can
make.
"""
_GEOCODE_QUERY_URL = 'http://maps.google.com/maps/geo?'
_DIRECTIONS_QUERY_URL = 'http://maps.google.com/maps/nav?'
_LOCAL_QUERY_URL = 'http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/services/search/local?'
_LOCAL_RESULTS_PER_PAGE = 8
MAX_LOCAL_RESULTS = 32
def __init__(self, api_key='', referrer_url=''):
"""
Create a new :class:`GoogleMaps` object using the given `api_key` and
`referrer_url`.
:param api_key: Google Maps API key
:type api_key: string
:param referrer_url: URL of the website using or displaying information
from this module.
:type referrer_url: string
Google requires API users to register for an API key before using the
geocoding service; this can be done at
http://code.google.com/apis/maps/signup.html.
If you are not geocoding, you do not need an API key.
Use of Google Local Search requires a referrer URL, generally the website
where the retrieved information will be used. If you are not using
Local Search, you do not need a referrer URL.
"""
self.api_key = api_key
self.referrer_url = referrer_url
def geocode(self, query, sensor='false', oe='utf8', ll='', spn='', gl=''): # pylint: disable-msg=C0103,R0913
"""
Given a string address `query`, return a dictionary of information about
that location, including its latitude and longitude.
Interesting bits:
>>> gmaps = GoogleMaps(api_key)
>>> address = '350 Fifth Avenue New York, NY'
>>> result = gmaps.geocode(address)
>>> placemark = result['Placemark'][0]
>>> lng, lat = placemark['Point']['coordinates'][0:2] # Note these are backwards from usual
>>> print lat, lng
40.6721118 -73.9838823
>>> details = placemark['AddressDetails']['Country']['AdministrativeArea']
>>> street = details['Locality']['Thoroughfare']['ThoroughfareName']
>>> city = details['Locality']['LocalityName']
>>> state = details['AdministrativeAreaName']
>>> zipcode = details['Locality']['PostalCode']['PostalCodeNumber']
>>> print ', '.join((street, city, state, zipcode))
350 5th Ave, Brooklyn, NY, 11215
More documentation on the format of the return value can be found at
Google's `geocoder return value`_ reference. (Note: Some places have
a `'SubAdministrativeArea'` and some don't; sometimes a `'Locality'`
will have a `'DependentLocality'` and some don't.)
.. _`geocoder return value`: http://code.google.com/apis/maps/documentation/geocoding/index.html#JSON
:param query: Address of location to be geocoded.
:type query: string
:param sensor: ``'true'`` if the address is coming from, say, a GPS device.
:type sensor: string
:param oe: Output Encoding; best left at ``'utf8'``.
:type oe: string
:param ll: `lat,lng` of the viewport center as comma-separated string;
must be used with `spn` for Viewport Biasing
:type ll: string
:param spn: The "span" of the viewport; must be used with `ll`.
:type spn: string
:param gl: Two-character ccTLD_ for country code biasing.
:type gl: string
:returns: `geocoder return value`_ dictionary
:rtype: dict
:raises GoogleMapsError: if there is something wrong with the query.
More information on the types and meaning of the parameters can be found
at the `Google HTTP Geocoder`__ site.
__ http://code.google.com/apis/maps/documentation/geocoding/index.html
.. _ccTLD: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain
"""
if (ll is None and spn is not None) or (ll is not None and spn is None):
raise GoogleMapsError('Both ll and spn must be provided.')
params = {
'q': query,
'key': self.api_key,
'sensor': sensor,
'output': 'json',
'oe': oe,
'll': ll,
'spn': spn,
'gl': gl,
}
url, response = fetch_json(self._GEOCODE_QUERY_URL, params=params)
status_code = response['Status']['code']
if status_code != STATUS_OK:
raise GoogleMapsError(status_code, url, response)
return response
def reverse_geocode(self, lat, lng, sensor='false', oe='utf8', ll='', spn='', gl=''): # pylint: disable-msg=C0103,R0913
"""
Converts a (latitude, longitude) pair to an address.
Interesting bits:
>>> gmaps = GoogleMaps(api_key)
>>> reverse = gmaps.reverse_geocode(38.887563, -77.019929)
>>> address = reverse['Placemark'][0]['address']
>>> print address
Independence and 6th SW, Washington, DC 20024, USA
>>> accuracy = reverse['Placemark'][0]['AddressDetails']['Accuracy']
>>> print accuracy
9
:param lat: latitude
:type lat: float
:param lng: longitude
:type lng: float
:return: `Reverse geocoder return value`_ dictionary giving closest
address(es) to `(lat, lng)`
:rtype: dict
:raises GoogleMapsError: If the coordinates could not be reverse geocoded.
Keyword arguments and return value are identical to those of :meth:`geocode()`.
.. _`Reverse geocoder return value`:
http://code.google.com/apis/maps/documentation/geocoding/index.html#ReverseGeocoding
"""
return self.geocode("%f,%f" % (lat, lng), sensor=sensor, oe=oe, ll=ll, spn=spn, gl=gl)
def address_to_latlng(self, address):
"""
Given a string `address`, return a `(latitude, longitude)` pair.
This is a simplified wrapper for :meth:`geocode()`.
:param address: The postal address to geocode.
:type address: string
:return: `(latitude, longitude)` of `address`.
:rtype: (float, float)
:raises GoogleMapsError: If the address could not be geocoded.
"""
return tuple(self.geocode(address)['Placemark'][0]['Point']['coordinates'][1::-1])
def latlng_to_address(self, lat, lng):
"""
Given a latitude `lat` and longitude `lng`, return the closest address.
This is a simplified wrapper for :meth:`reverse_geocode()`.
:param lat: latitude
:type lat: float
:param lng: longitude
:type lng: float
:return: Closest postal address to `(lat, lng)`, if any.
:rtype: string
:raises GoogleMapsError: if the coordinates could not be converted
to an address.
"""
return self.reverse_geocode(lat, lng)['Placemark'][0]['address']
def local_search(self, query, numresults=_LOCAL_RESULTS_PER_PAGE, **kwargs):
"""
Searches Google Local for the string `query` and returns a
dictionary of the results.
>>> gmaps = GoogleMaps(api_key)
>>> local = gmaps.local_search('sushi san francisco, ca')
>>> result = local['responseData']['results'][0]
>>> print result['titleNoFormatting']
Sushi Groove
>>> print result['streetAddress']
1916 Hyde St
>>> print result['phoneNumbers'][0]['number']
(415) 440-1905
For more information on the available data, see Google's documentation on
`AJAX result structure`_ and `local result properties`_.
The return value of this method is slightly different than that
documented by Google; it attempts to stuff as many results as
possible, from several queries (up to `numresults`), into the
``['responseData']['results']`` array. As a result, fields of
the results referencing this array (such as ``'cursor'``,
``'currentPageIndex'``, ``'moreResultsUrl'``) may not make
complete sense.
This method may return fewer results than you ask for; Google Local
returns a maximum of :data:`GoogleMaps.MAX_LOCAL_RESULTS` results.
:param query: String containing a search and a location, such as
``'Sushi San Francisco, CA'``.
:type query: string
:param numresults: Number of results to return, up to a maximum of :data:`MAX_LOCAL_RESULTS`.
:type numresults: int
:param kwargs: You can pass additional `AJAX search arguments`_ and they
will be tacked on to the query.
:return: A Google `AJAX result structure`_.
:rtype: dict
:raises GoogleMapsError: If the query was malformed.
.. _AJAX result structure: http://code.google.com/apis/ajaxsearch/documentation/#fonje
.. _local result properties: http://code.google.com/apis/ajaxsearch/documentation/reference.html#_class_GlocalResult
.. _AJAX search arguments: http://code.google.com/apis/ajaxsearch/documentation/reference.html#_intro_fonje
"""
params = {
'q': query,
'v': '1.0',
'rsz': 'large', # Return 8 results per page instead of 4
#'key': self.api_key, # Google Local seems not to like empty keys
}
params.update(kwargs)
start = 0
results = None
while start < numresults and start < self.MAX_LOCAL_RESULTS:
params['start'] = start
url, response = fetch_json(self._LOCAL_QUERY_URL, params=params, headers={'Referer': self.referrer_url})
status_code = response['responseStatus']
if status_code != STATUS_OK:
raise GoogleMapsError(status_code, url=url, response=response)
if results is None:
results = response
else:
results['responseData']['results'].extend(response['responseData']['results'])
# If we didn't get a full page of results, Google has run out; don't try again
if len(response['responseData']['results']) < self._LOCAL_RESULTS_PER_PAGE:
break
start += len(response['responseData']['results'])
if results is not None:
results['responseData']['results'] = results['responseData']['results'][:numresults]
return results
def directions(self, origin, destination, **kwargs):
"""
Get driving directions from `origin` to `destination`.
Interesting bits:
>>> gmaps = GoogleMaps(api_key)
>>> start = 'Constitution Ave NW & 10th St NW, Washington, DC'
>>> end = 'Independence and 6th SW, Washington, DC 20024, USA'
>>> dirs = gmaps.directions(start, end)
>>> time = dirs['Directions']['Duration']['seconds']
>>> dist = dirs['Directions']['Distance']['meters']
>>> route = dirs['Directions']['Routes'][0]
>>> for step in route['Steps']:
... print step['Point']['coordinates'][1], step['Point']['coordinates'][0]
... print step['descriptionHtml']
38.8921 -77.02604
Head <b>east</b> on <b>Constitution Ave NW</b> toward <b>9th St NW</b>
38.89208 -77.02191
Take the 2nd <b>right</b> onto <b>7th St NW</b>
38.88757 -77.02191
Turn <b>left</b> at <b>Independence Ave SW</b>
:param origin: Starting address
:type origin: string
:param destination: Ending address
:type destination: string
:param kwargs: You can pass additional URL parameters as keyword arguments,
but this functionality is not documented.
:return: Dictionary containing driving directions.
:rtype: dict
:raises GoogleMapsError: If Google Maps was unable to find directions.
"""
params = {
'q': 'from:%s to:%s' % (origin, destination),
'output': 'json',
'oe': 'utf8',
'key': self.api_key,
}
params.update(kwargs)
url, response = fetch_json(self._DIRECTIONS_QUERY_URL, params=params)
status_code = response['Status']['code']
if status_code != STATUS_OK:
raise GoogleMapsError(status_code, url=url, response=response)
return response
if __name__ == "__main__":
import sys
def main(argv):
"""
Geocodes a location given on the command line.
Usage:
googlemaps.py "1600 amphitheatre mountain view ca" [YOUR_API_KEY]
googlemaps.py 37.4219720,-122.0841430 [YOUR_API_KEY]
When providing a latitude and longitude on the command line, ensure
they are separated by a comma and no space.
"""
if len(argv) < 2 or len(argv) > 4:
print main.__doc__
sys.exit(1)
query = argv[1]
if len(argv) == 3:
api_key = argv[2]
else:
api_key = raw_input("Google Maps API key: ")
gmap = GoogleMaps(api_key)
try:
result = gmap.geocode(query)
except GoogleMapsError, err:
sys.stderr.write('%s\n%s\nResponse:\n' % (err.url, err))
json.dump(err.response, sys.stderr, indent=4)
sys.exit(1)
json.dump(result, sys.stdout, indent=4)
sys.stdout.write('\n')
main(sys.argv)
#!/usr/bin/env python
# Copyright 2009 John Kleint
#
# This is free software, licensed under the Lesser Affero General
# Public License, available in the accompanying LICENSE.txt file.
"""
Unit tests for googlemaps.
"""
import unittest
import doctest
import googlemaps
from googlemaps import GoogleMaps
# You might need an actual key to run the tests.
GMAPS_API_KEY = open('gmaps-api-key.txt').readline().strip()
def searchkey(obj, key):
"""Does BFS on JSON-like object `obj` to find a dict with a key == to `key` and
returns the associated value. Returns None if it didn't find `key`."""
queue = [obj]
while queue:
item = queue.pop(0)
if type(item) is list:
queue.extend(item)
elif type(item) is dict:
for k in item:
if k == key:
return item[k]
else:
queue.append(item[k])
return None
class Test(unittest.TestCase):
"""Unit tests for googlemaps."""
def test_geocode(self):
"""Test googlemaps geocode() and address_to_latlng()"""
addr = '1600 amphitheatre mountain view ca'
gmaps = GoogleMaps(GMAPS_API_KEY)
result = gmaps.geocode(addr)
self.assertEqual(result['Status']['code'], 200)
self.assertEqual(searchkey(result, 'CountryName'), 'USA')
self.assertEqual(searchkey(result, 'PostalCodeNumber'), '94043')
self.assertEqual(searchkey(result, 'ThoroughfareName'), '1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy')
self.assertEqual(searchkey(result, 'LocalityName'), 'Mountain View')
self.assertEqual(searchkey(result, 'AdministrativeAreaName'), 'CA')
self.assertEqual(searchkey(result, 'CountryNameCode'), 'US')
self.assertEqual(searchkey(result, 'address'), '1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA')
lat, lng = searchkey(result, 'coordinates')[1::-1]
self.assertAlmostEquals(lat, 37.422125, 3)
self.assertAlmostEquals(lng, -122.084466, 3)
(lat2, lng2) = gmaps.address_to_latlng(addr)
self.assertAlmostEqual(lat, lat2, 3)
self.assertAlmostEqual(lng2, lng2, 3)
def test_reverse_geocode(self):
"""Test googlemaps reverse_geocode() and latlng_to_address()"""
lat, lng = 40.714224, -73.961452
gmaps = GoogleMaps(GMAPS_API_KEY)
result = gmaps.reverse_geocode(lat, lng)
self.assertEqual(result['Status']['code'], 200)
result = result['Placemark'][0]
self.assertEqual(searchkey(result, 'CountryName'), 'USA')
self.assertEqual(searchkey(result, 'PostalCodeNumber'), '11211')
self.assertEqual(searchkey(result, 'ThoroughfareName'), '277 Bedford Ave')
self.assertEqual(searchkey(result, 'LocalityName'), 'Brooklyn')
self.assertEqual(searchkey(result, 'AdministrativeAreaName'), 'NY')
self.assertEqual(searchkey(result, 'CountryNameCode'), 'US')
addr = searchkey(result, 'address')
self.assertEqual(addr, '277 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11211, USA')
lat2, lng2 = searchkey(result, 'coordinates')[1::-1]
self.assertAlmostEquals(lat, lat2, 3)
self.assertAlmostEquals(lng, lng2, 3)
addr2 = gmaps.latlng_to_address(lat, lng)
self.assertEqual(addr, addr2)
def test_local_search(self):
"""Test googlemaps local_search()."""
gmaps = GoogleMaps(GMAPS_API_KEY, referrer_url='http://www.google.com/')
local = gmaps.local_search('sushi san francisco, ca')
result = local['responseData']['results'][0]
self.assertEqual(result['titleNoFormatting'], 'Sushi Groove')
results = gmaps.local_search('Starbucks Los Angeles, CA', numresults=GoogleMaps.MAX_LOCAL_RESULTS)
self.assertEqual(results['responseStatus'], googlemaps.STATUS_OK)
self.assertNotEqual(results['responseData'], None)
self.assertNotEqual(results['responseData']['cursor'], None)
results = results['responseData']['results']
self.assertEqual(len(results), GoogleMaps.MAX_LOCAL_RESULTS)
for result in results:
self.assertEqual(result['GsearchResultClass'], 'GlocalSearch')
self.assert_(result['titleNoFormatting'].lower().find('starbucks') >= 0)
self.assertEqual(result['region'], 'CA')
def test_directions(self):
"""Test googlemaps directions()"""
gmaps = GoogleMaps(GMAPS_API_KEY)
results = gmaps.directions('Constitution Ave NW & 10th St NW, Washington, DC',
'Independence and 6th SW, Washington, DC 20024, USA')
self.assertEqual(results['Status']['code'], googlemaps.STATUS_OK)
self.assert_(results['Directions']['Duration']['seconds'] in range(100, 130))
self.assert_(results['Directions']['Distance']['meters'] in range(1000, 1050))
routes = results['Directions']['Routes']
self.assert_(len(routes) >= 1)
self.assertEqual(routes[0]['Duration'], results['Directions']['Duration'])
self.assertEqual(routes[0]['Distance'], results['Directions']['Distance'])
self.assert_(routes[0]['Steps'][0]['descriptionHtml'].find('Constitution Ave') >= 0)
self.assert_(routes[0]['Steps'][1]['descriptionHtml'].find('7th St') >= 0)
self.assert_(routes[0]['Steps'][2]['descriptionHtml'].find('Independence Ave') >= 0)
def test_doctests(self):
"""Run googlemaps doctests"""
doctest.testmod(googlemaps, extraglobs={'api_key': GMAPS_API_KEY})
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()