Beispiel #1
0
parameters = {'pair_style': 'eam/cd', 'pair_coeff': pair_coeff}
mincomd = '1e-8 1e-8 5000 10000'
parameters['minimize'] = mincomd
filesL = ['FeCr.cdeam']
calc = LAMMPS(parameters=parameters,
              files=filesL,
              keep_tmp_files=True,
              tmp_dir=os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'LAMMPSFiles'))

files = os.listdir(os.getcwd())
files = [file for file in files if '.xyz' in file]
for file in flist:
    # Read File
    structure = read_xyz(file, -1)
    # Calculate Energy
    structure.set_cell([22.96, 22.96, 22.96])
    structure.set_pbc(True)
    structure.set_calculator(calc)
    OUT = structure.calc.calculate(structure)
    totalsol = OUT['atoms']
    totalsol.set_pbc(True)
    en = OUT['thermo'][-1]['pe']
    #Write Relaxed Structure
    write_xyz('r{0}'.format(file), totalsol, repr(en))
    fe = en
    for sym, u in [('Cr', -3.8363), ('Fe', -4.21224)]:
        nc = len([atm for atm in structure if atm.symbol == sym])
        fe -= float(nc) * float(u)
    print 'FeCr Interstitial - ' + file
    print '    Potential Energy = ' + repr(en)
    print '    Formation Energy = ' + repr(fe)
Beispiel #2
0
# Set up calculator
parcoff = '* * FeCr.cdeam Cr Fe' 
pair_coeff = [parcoff]
parameters = { 'pair_style' : 'eam/cd', 'pair_coeff' : pair_coeff }
mincomd = '1e-8 1e-8 5000 10000'
parameters['minimize'] = mincomd
filesL = [ 'FeCr.cdeam' ]
calc = LAMMPS(parameters=parameters, files=filesL, keep_tmp_files=True, tmp_dir=os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'LAMMPSFiles'))

files = os.listdir(os.getcwd())
files = [file for file in files if '.xyz' in file]
for file in flist:
    # Read File
    structure = read_xyz(file,-1)
    # Calculate Energy
    structure.set_cell([22.96, 22.96, 22.96])
    structure.set_pbc(True)
    structure.set_calculator(calc)
    OUT=structure.calc.calculate(structure)
    totalsol=OUT['atoms']
    totalsol.set_pbc(True)
    en=OUT['thermo'][-1]['pe']
    #Write Relaxed Structure
    write_xyz('r{0}'.format(file),totalsol,repr(en))
    fe = en
    for sym,u in [('Cr',-3.8363),('Fe',-4.21224)]:
        nc=len([atm for atm in structure if atm.symbol==sym])
        fe-= float(nc)*float(u)
    print 'FeCr Interstitial - ' + file
    print '    Potential Energy = '+repr(en)
    print '    Formation Energy = '+repr(fe)
Beispiel #3
0
def eval_energy(input):
    """Function to evaluate energy of an individual
    Inputs:
        input = [Optimizer class object with parameters, Individual class structure to be evaluated]
    Outputs:
        energy, bul, individ, signal
        energy = energy of Individual evaluated
        bul = bulk structure of Individual if simulation structure is Defect
        individ = Individual class structure evaluated
        signal = string of information about evaluation
    """
    if input[0] == None:
        energy = 0
        bul = 0
        individ = 0
        rank = MPI.COMM_WORLD.Get_rank()
        signal = 'Evaluated none individual on ' + repr(rank) + '\n'
    else:
        [Optimizer, individ] = input
    if Optimizer.calc_method == 'MAST':
        energy = individ.energy
        bul = individ.energy
        signal = 'Recieved MAST structure\n'
    else:
        if Optimizer.parallel: rank = MPI.COMM_WORLD.Get_rank()
        if not Optimizer.genealogy:
            STR = '----Individual ' + str(
                individ.index) + ' Optimization----\n'
        else:
            STR = '----Individual ' + str(
                individ.history_index) + ' Optimization----\n'
        indiv = individ[0]
        if 'EE' in Optimizer.debug:
            debug = True
        else:
            debug = False
        if debug:
            write_xyz(Optimizer.debugfile, indiv, 'Recieved by eval_energy')
            Optimizer.debugfile.flush()
        if Optimizer.structure == 'Defect':
            indi = indiv.copy()
            if Optimizer.alloy == True:
                bulk = individ.bulki
            else:
                bulk = individ.bulko
            nat = indi.get_number_of_atoms()
            csize = bulk.get_cell()
            totalsol = Atoms(cell=csize, pbc=True)
            totalsol.extend(indi)
            totalsol.extend(bulk)
            for sym, c, m, u in Optimizer.atomlist:
                nc = len([atm for atm in totalsol if atm.symbol == sym])
                STR += 'Defect configuration contains ' + repr(
                    nc) + ' ' + repr(sym) + ' atoms\n'

        elif Optimizer.structure == 'Surface':
            totalsol = Atoms()
            totalsol.extend(indiv)
            nat = indiv.get_number_of_atoms()
            totalsol.extend(individ.bulki)
            for sym, c, m, u in Optimizer.atomlist:
                nc = len([atm for atm in totalsol if atm.symbol == sym])
                STR += 'Surface-Bulk configuration contains ' + repr(
                    nc) + ' ' + repr(sym) + ' atoms\n'
            cell = numpy.maximum.reduce(indiv.get_cell())
            totalsol.set_cell([cell[0], cell[1], 500])
            totalsol.set_pbc([True, True, False])

        if Optimizer.constrain_position:
            ts = totalsol.copy()
            indc, indb, vacant, swap, stro = find_defects(
                ts, Optimizer.solidbulk, 0)
            sbulk = Optimizer.solidbulk.copy()
            bcom = sbulk.get_center_of_mass()
            #totalsol.translate(-bulkcom)
            #indc.translate(-bulkcom)
            #totalsol.append(Atom(position=[0,0,0]))
            # 			for one in indc:
            # 				index = [atm.index for atm in totalsol if atm.position[0]==one.position[0] and atm.position[1]==one.position[1] and atm.position[2]==one.position[2]][0]
            # 				if totalsol.get_distance(-1,index) > Optimizer.sf:
            # 					r = random.random()
            # 					totalsol.set_distance(-1,index,Optimizer.sf*r,fix=0)
            # 			totalsol.pop()
            # 			totalsol.translate(bulkcom)
            com = indc.get_center_of_mass()
            dist = (sum((bcom[i] - com[i])**2 for i in range(3)))**0.5
            if dist > Optimizer.sf:
                STR += 'Shifting structure to within region\n'
                r = random.random() * Optimizer.sf
                comv = numpy.linalg.norm(com)
                ncom = [one * r / comv for one in com]
                trans = [ncom[i] - com[i] for i in range(3)]
                indices = []
                for one in indc:
                    id = [
                        atm.index for atm in totalsol
                        if atm.position[0] == one.position[0]
                        and atm.position[1] == one.position[1]
                        and atm.position[2] == one.position[2]
                    ][0]
                    totalsol[id].position += trans

        # Check for atoms that are too close
        min_len = 0.7
        #pdb.set_trace()
        if not Optimizer.fixed_region:
            if Optimizer.structure == 'Defect' or Optimizer.structure == 'Surface':
                cutoffs = [2.0 for one in totalsol]
                nl = NeighborList(cutoffs,
                                  bothways=True,
                                  self_interaction=False)
                nl.update(totalsol)
                for one in totalsol[0:nat]:
                    nbatoms = Atoms()
                    nbatoms.append(one)
                    indices, offsets = nl.get_neighbors(one.index)
                    for index, d in zip(indices, offsets):
                        index = int(index)
                        sym = totalsol[index].symbol
                        pos = totalsol[index].position + numpy.dot(
                            d, totalsol.get_cell())
                        at = Atom(symbol=sym, position=pos)
                        nbatoms.append(at)
                    while True:
                        dflag = False
                        for i in range(1, len(nbatoms)):
                            d = nbatoms.get_distance(0, i)
                            if d < min_len:
                                nbatoms.set_distance(0,
                                                     i,
                                                     min_len + .01,
                                                     fix=0.5)
                                STR += '--- WARNING: Atoms too close (<0.7A) - Implement Move ---\n'
                                dflag = True
                        if dflag == False:
                            break
                    for i in range(len(indices)):
                        totalsol[indices[i]].position = nbatoms[i + 1].position
                    totalsol[one.index].position = nbatoms[0].position
                    nl.update(totalsol)
                if debug:
                    write_xyz(Optimizer.debugfile, totalsol,
                              'After minlength check')
                    Optimizer.debugfile.flush()
            else:
                for i in range(len(indiv)):
                    for j in range(len(indiv)):
                        if i != j:
                            d = indiv.get_distance(i, j)
                            if d < min_len:
                                indiv.set_distance(i, j, min_len, fix=0.5)
                                STR += '--- WARNING: Atoms too close (<0.7A) - Implement Move ---\n'
                if debug:
                    write_xyz(Optimizer.debugfile, indiv,
                              'After minlength check')
                    Optimizer.debugfile.flush()

        # Set calculator to use to get forces/energies
        if Optimizer.parallel:
            calc = setup_calculator(Optimizer)
            if Optimizer.fixed_region:
                pms = copy.deepcopy(calc.parameters)
                try:
                    pms['mass'][
                        len(pms['mass']) - 1] += '\ngroup RO id >= ' + repr(
                            nat) + '\nfix freeze RO setforce 0.0 0.0 0.0\n'
                except KeyError:
                    pms['pair_coeff'][0] += '\ngroup RO id >= ' + repr(
                        nat) + '\nfix freeze RO setforce 0.0 0.0 0.0\n'
                calc = LAMMPS(parameters=pms,
                              files=calc.files,
                              keep_tmp_files=calc.keep_tmp_files,
                              tmp_dir=calc.tmp_dir)
                lmin = copy.copy(Optimizer.lammps_min)
                Optimizer.lammps_min = None
                Optimizer.static_calc = setup_calculator(Optimizer)
                Optimizer.lammps_min = lmin
        else:
            calc = Optimizer.calc
        if Optimizer.structure == 'Defect' or Optimizer.structure == 'Surface':
            totalsol.set_calculator(calc)
            totalsol.set_pbc(True)
        else:
            indiv.set_calculator(calc)
            indiv.set_pbc(
                True)  #Current bug in ASE optimizer-Lammps prevents pbc=false
            if Optimizer.structure == 'Cluster':
                indiv.set_cell([500, 500, 500])
                indiv.translate([250, 250, 250])

        cwd = os.getcwd()
        # Perform Energy Minimization
        if not Optimizer.parallel:
            Optimizer.output.flush()
        if Optimizer.ase_min == True:
            try:
                if Optimizer.structure == 'Defect' or Optimizer.structure == 'Surface':
                    dyn = BFGS(totalsol)
                else:
                    dyn = BFGS(indiv)
                dyn.run(fmax=Optimizer.ase_min_fmax,
                        steps=Optimizer.ase_min_maxsteps)
            except OverflowError:
                STR += '--- Error: Infinite Energy Calculated - Implement Random ---\n'
                box = Atoms()
                indiv = gen_pop_box(Optimizer.natoms, Optimizer.atomlist,
                                    Optimizer.size)
                indiv.set_calculator(calc)
                dyn = BFGS(indiv)
                dyn.run(fmax=fmax, steps=steps)
            except numpy.linalg.linalg.LinAlgError:
                STR += '--- Error: Singular Matrix - Implement Random ---\n'
                indiv = gen_pop_box(Optimizer.natoms, Optimizer.atomlist,
                                    Optimizer.size)
                indiv.set_calculator(calc)
                dyn = BFGS(indiv)
                dyn.run(fmax=fmax, steps=steps)
            # Get Energy of Minimized Structure
            if Optimizer.structure == 'Defect' or Optimizer.structure == 'Surface':
                en = totalsol.get_potential_energy()
                #force=numpy.maximum.reduce(abs(totalsol.get_forces()))
                if Optimizer.fitness_scheme == 'enthalpyfit':
                    pressure = totalsol.get_isotropic_pressure(
                        totalsol.get_stress())
                    cell_max = numpy.maximum.reduce(totalsol.get_positions())
                    cell_min = numpy.minimum.reduce(totalsol.get_positions())
                    cell = cell_max - cell_min
                    volume = cell[0] * cell[1] * cell[2]
                else:
                    pressure = 0
                    volume = 0
                na = totalsol.get_number_of_atoms()
                ena = en / na
                energy = en
                individ[0] = totalsol[0:nat]
                bul = totalsol[(nat):len(totalsol)]
                STR += 'Number of positions = ' + repr(
                    len(bul) + len(individ[0])) + '\n'
                individ[0].set_cell(csize)
                indiv = individ[0]
            else:
                en = indiv.get_potential_energy()
                if Optimizer.fitness_scheme == 'enthalpyfit':
                    pressure = indiv.get_isotropic_pressure(indiv.get_stress())
                    cell_max = numpy.maximum.reduce(indiv.get_positions())
                    cell_min = numpy.minimum.reduce(indiv.get_positions())
                    cell = cell_max - cell_min
                    volume = cell[0] * cell[1] * cell[2]
                else:
                    pressure = 0
                    volume = 0
                na = indiv.get_number_of_atoms()
                ena = en / na
                energy = ena
                individ[0] = indiv
                bul = 0
        else:
            if Optimizer.structure == 'Defect' or Optimizer.structure == 'Surface':
                if Optimizer.calc_method == 'VASP':
                    en = totalsol.get_potential_energy()
                    calcb = Vasp(restart=True)
                    totalsol = calcb.get_atoms()
                    stress = calcb.read_stress()
                else:
                    try:
                        totcop = totalsol.copy()
                        if debug:
                            write_xyz(Optimizer.debugfile, totcop,
                                      'Individual sent to lammps')
                        OUT = totalsol.calc.calculate(totalsol)
                        totalsol = OUT['atoms']
                        totalsol.set_pbc(True)
                        if Optimizer.fixed_region:
                            if debug:
                                print 'Energy of fixed region calc = ', OUT[
                                    'thermo'][-1]['pe']
                            totalsol.set_calculator(Optimizer.static_calc)
                            OUT = totalsol.calc.calculate(totalsol)
                            totalsol = OUT['atoms']
                            totalsol.set_pbc(True)
                            if debug:
                                print 'Energy of static calc = ', OUT[
                                    'thermo'][-1]['pe']
                        en = OUT['thermo'][-1]['pe']
                        stress = numpy.array([
                            OUT['thermo'][-1][i]
                            for i in ('pxx', 'pyy', 'pzz', 'pyz', 'pxz', 'pxy')
                        ]) * (-1e-4 * GPa)
                        #force=numpy.maximum.reduce(abs(totalsol.get_forces()))
                        if debug:
                            write_xyz(Optimizer.debugfile, totalsol,
                                      'After Lammps Minimization')
                            Optimizer.debugfile.flush()
                    except Exception, e:
                        os.chdir(cwd)
                        STR += 'WARNING: Exception during energy eval:\n' + repr(
                            e) + '\n'
                        f = open('problem-structures.xyz', 'a')
                        write_xyz(f,
                                  totcop,
                                  data='Starting structure hindex=' +
                                  individ.history_index)
                        write_xyz(f, totalsol, data='Lammps Min structure')
                        en = 10
                        stress = 0
                        f.close()
                if Optimizer.fitness_scheme == 'enthalpyfit':
                    pressure = totalsol.get_isotropic_pressure(stress)
                    cell_max = numpy.maximum.reduce(totalsol.get_positions())
                    cell_min = numpy.minimum.reduce(totalsol.get_positions())
                    cell = cell_max - cell_min
                    volume = cell[0] * cell[1] * cell[2]
                else:
                    pressure = totalsol.get_isotropic_pressure(stress)
                    volume = 0
                na = totalsol.get_number_of_atoms()
                ena = en / na
                energy = en
                if Optimizer.structure == 'Defect':
                    if Optimizer.fixed_region == True or Optimizer.finddefects == False:
                        individ[0] = totalsol[0:nat]
                        bul = totalsol[(nat):len(totalsol)]
                        individ[0].set_cell(csize)
                    else:
                        if 'FI' in Optimizer.debug:
                            outt = find_defects(
                                totalsol,
                                Optimizer.solidbulk,
                                Optimizer.sf,
                                atomlistcheck=Optimizer.atomlist,
                                trackvacs=Optimizer.trackvacs,
                                trackswaps=Optimizer.trackswaps,
                                debug=Optimizer.debugfile)
                        else:
                            outt = find_defects(
                                totalsol,
                                Optimizer.solidbulk,
                                Optimizer.sf,
                                atomlistcheck=Optimizer.atomlist,
                                trackvacs=Optimizer.trackvacs,
                                trackswaps=Optimizer.trackswaps,
                                debug=False)
                        individ[0] = outt[0]
                        bul = outt[1]
                        individ.vacancies = outt[2]
                        individ.swaps = outt[3]
                        STR += outt[4]
                    indiv = individ[0]
                else:
                    top, bul = find_top_layer(totalsol, Optimizer.surftopthick)
                    indiv = top.copy()
                    individ[0] = top.copy()
            else:
Beispiel #4
0
def eval_energy(input):
    """Function to evaluate energy of an individual
    Inputs:
        input = [Optimizer class object with parameters, Individual class structure to be evaluated]
    Outputs:
        energy, bul, individ, signal
        energy = energy of Individual evaluated
        bul = bulk structure of Individual if simulation structure is Defect
        individ = Individual class structure evaluated
        signal = string of information about evaluation
    """
    if input[0]==None:
        energy=0
        bul=0
        individ=0
        rank = MPI.COMM_WORLD.Get_rank()
        signal='Evaluated none individual on '+repr(rank)+'\n'
    else:
        [Optimizer, individ]=input
    if Optimizer.calc_method=='MAST':
        energy = individ.energy
        bul = individ.energy
        signal = 'Recieved MAST structure\n'
    else:
        if Optimizer.parallel: rank = MPI.COMM_WORLD.Get_rank()
        if not Optimizer.genealogy:
            STR='----Individual ' + str(individ.index)+ ' Optimization----\n'
        else:
            STR='----Individual ' + str(individ.history_index)+ ' Optimization----\n'
        indiv=individ[0]
        if 'EE' in Optimizer.debug:
            debug = True
        else:
            debug = False
        if debug: 
            write_xyz(Optimizer.debugfile,indiv,'Recieved by eval_energy')
            Optimizer.debugfile.flush()
        if Optimizer.structure=='Defect':
            indi=indiv.copy()
            if Optimizer.alloy==True:
                bulk=individ.bulki
            else:
                bulk=individ.bulko
            nat=indi.get_number_of_atoms()
            csize=bulk.get_cell()                                                                                                         
            totalsol=Atoms(cell=csize, pbc=True)
            totalsol.extend(indi)
            totalsol.extend(bulk)
            for sym,c,m,u in Optimizer.atomlist:
                nc=len([atm for atm in totalsol if atm.symbol==sym])
                STR+='Defect configuration contains '+repr(nc)+' '+repr(sym)+' atoms\n'
    
        elif Optimizer.structure=='Surface':
            totalsol=Atoms()
            totalsol.extend(indiv)
            nat=indiv.get_number_of_atoms()
            totalsol.extend(individ.bulki)
            for sym,c,m,u in Optimizer.atomlist:
                nc=len([atm for atm in totalsol if atm.symbol==sym])
                STR+='Surface-Bulk configuration contains '+repr(nc)+' '+repr(sym)+' atoms\n'
            cell=numpy.maximum.reduce(indiv.get_cell())
            totalsol.set_cell([cell[0],cell[1],500])
            totalsol.set_pbc([True,True,False])
    
        if Optimizer.constrain_position:
            ts = totalsol.copy()
            indc,indb,vacant,swap,stro = find_defects(ts,Optimizer.solidbulk,0)
            sbulk = Optimizer.solidbulk.copy()
            bcom = sbulk.get_center_of_mass()
            #totalsol.translate(-bulkcom)
            #indc.translate(-bulkcom)
            #totalsol.append(Atom(position=[0,0,0]))
    # 			for one in indc:
    # 				index = [atm.index for atm in totalsol if atm.position[0]==one.position[0] and atm.position[1]==one.position[1] and atm.position[2]==one.position[2]][0]
    # 				if totalsol.get_distance(-1,index) > Optimizer.sf:
    # 					r = random.random()
    # 					totalsol.set_distance(-1,index,Optimizer.sf*r,fix=0)
    # 			totalsol.pop()
    # 			totalsol.translate(bulkcom)
            com = indc.get_center_of_mass()
            dist = (sum((bcom[i] - com[i])**2 for i in range(3)))**0.5
            if dist > Optimizer.sf:
                STR+='Shifting structure to within region\n'
                r = random.random()*Optimizer.sf
                comv = numpy.linalg.norm(com)
                ncom = [one*r/comv for one in com]
                trans = [ncom[i]-com[i] for i in range(3)]
                indices = []
                for one in indc:
                    id = [atm.index for atm in totalsol if atm.position[0]==one.position[0] and atm.position[1]==one.position[1] and atm.position[2]==one.position[2]][0]
                    totalsol[id].position += trans
    
        # Check for atoms that are too close
        min_len=0.7
        #pdb.set_trace()
        if not Optimizer.fixed_region:
            if Optimizer.structure=='Defect' or Optimizer.structure=='Surface':
                cutoffs=[2.0 for one in totalsol]
                nl=NeighborList(cutoffs,bothways=True,self_interaction=False)
                nl.update(totalsol)
                for one in totalsol[0:nat]:
                    nbatoms=Atoms()
                    nbatoms.append(one)
                    indices, offsets=nl.get_neighbors(one.index)
                    for index, d in zip(indices,offsets):
                        index = int(index)
                        sym=totalsol[index].symbol
                        pos=totalsol[index].position + numpy.dot(d,totalsol.get_cell())
                        at=Atom(symbol=sym,position=pos)
                        nbatoms.append(at)
                    while True:
                        dflag=False
                        for i in range(1,len(nbatoms)):
                            d=nbatoms.get_distance(0,i)
                            if d < min_len:
                                nbatoms.set_distance(0,i,min_len+.01,fix=0.5)
                                STR+='--- WARNING: Atoms too close (<0.7A) - Implement Move ---\n'
                                dflag=True
                        if dflag==False:
                            break
                    for i in range(len(indices)):
                        totalsol[indices[i]].position=nbatoms[i+1].position
                    totalsol[one.index].position=nbatoms[0].position
                    nl.update(totalsol)
                if debug:
                    write_xyz(Optimizer.debugfile,totalsol,'After minlength check')
                    Optimizer.debugfile.flush()
            else:
                for i in range(len(indiv)):
                    for j in range(len(indiv)):
                        if i != j:
                            d=indiv.get_distance(i,j)
                            if d < min_len:
                                indiv.set_distance(i,j,min_len,fix=0.5)
                                STR+='--- WARNING: Atoms too close (<0.7A) - Implement Move ---\n'
                if debug:
                    write_xyz(Optimizer.debugfile,indiv,'After minlength check')
                    Optimizer.debugfile.flush()
    
        # Set calculator to use to get forces/energies
        if Optimizer.parallel:
            calc = setup_calculator(Optimizer)
            if Optimizer.fixed_region:
                pms=copy.deepcopy(calc.parameters)
                try:
                    pms['mass'][len(pms['mass'])-1] += '\ngroup RO id >= '+repr(nat)+'\nfix freeze RO setforce 0.0 0.0 0.0\n'
                except KeyError:
                    pms['pair_coeff'][0] += '\ngroup RO id >= '+repr(nat)+'\nfix freeze RO setforce 0.0 0.0 0.0\n'
                calc = LAMMPS(parameters=pms, files=calc.files, keep_tmp_files=calc.keep_tmp_files, tmp_dir=calc.tmp_dir)
                lmin = copy.copy(Optimizer.lammps_min)
                Optimizer.lammps_min = None
                Optimizer.static_calc = setup_calculator(Optimizer)
                Optimizer.lammps_min = lmin
        else:
            calc=Optimizer.calc
        if Optimizer.structure=='Defect' or Optimizer.structure=='Surface':
            totalsol.set_calculator(calc)
            totalsol.set_pbc(True)
        else:
            indiv.set_calculator(calc)
            indiv.set_pbc(True)	#Current bug in ASE optimizer-Lammps prevents pbc=false 
            if Optimizer.structure=='Cluster':
                indiv.set_cell([500,500,500])
                indiv.translate([250,250,250])
    
        cwd=os.getcwd()
        # Perform Energy Minimization
        if not Optimizer.parallel:
            Optimizer.output.flush()
        if Optimizer.ase_min == True:
            try:
                if Optimizer.structure=='Defect' or Optimizer.structure=='Surface':
                    dyn=BFGS(totalsol)
                else:
                    dyn=BFGS(indiv)
                dyn.run(fmax=Optimizer.ase_min_fmax, steps=Optimizer.ase_min_maxsteps)
            except OverflowError:
                STR+='--- Error: Infinite Energy Calculated - Implement Random ---\n'
                box=Atoms()
                indiv=gen_pop_box(Optimizer.natoms, Optimizer.atomlist, Optimizer.size)
                indiv.set_calculator(calc)
                dyn=BFGS(indiv)
                dyn.run(fmax=fmax, steps=steps)
            except numpy.linalg.linalg.LinAlgError:
                STR+='--- Error: Singular Matrix - Implement Random ---\n'
                indiv=gen_pop_box(Optimizer.natoms, Optimizer.atomlist, Optimizer.size)
                indiv.set_calculator(calc)
                dyn=BFGS(indiv)
                dyn.run(fmax=fmax, steps=steps)
            # Get Energy of Minimized Structure
            if Optimizer.structure=='Defect' or Optimizer.structure=='Surface':
                en=totalsol.get_potential_energy()
                #force=numpy.maximum.reduce(abs(totalsol.get_forces()))
                if Optimizer.fitness_scheme == 'enthalpyfit':
                    pressure=totalsol.get_isotropic_pressure(totalsol.get_stress())
                    cell_max=numpy.maximum.reduce(totalsol.get_positions())
                    cell_min=numpy.minimum.reduce(totalsol.get_positions())
                    cell=cell_max-cell_min
                    volume=cell[0]*cell[1]*cell[2]
                else:
                    pressure=0
                    volume=0
                na=totalsol.get_number_of_atoms()
                ena=en/na
                energy=en
                individ[0]=totalsol[0:nat]
                bul=totalsol[(nat):len(totalsol)]
                STR+='Number of positions = '+repr(len(bul)+len(individ[0]))+'\n'
                individ[0].set_cell(csize)
                indiv=individ[0]
            else:
                en=indiv.get_potential_energy()
                if Optimizer.fitness_scheme == 'enthalpyfit':
                    pressure=indiv.get_isotropic_pressure(indiv.get_stress())
                    cell_max=numpy.maximum.reduce(indiv.get_positions())
                    cell_min=numpy.minimum.reduce(indiv.get_positions())
                    cell=cell_max-cell_min
                    volume=cell[0]*cell[1]*cell[2]
                else: 
                    pressure=0
                    volume=0
                na=indiv.get_number_of_atoms()
                ena=en/na
                energy=ena
                individ[0]=indiv
                bul=0
        else:
            if Optimizer.structure=='Defect' or Optimizer.structure=='Surface':
                if Optimizer.calc_method=='VASP':
                    en=totalsol.get_potential_energy()
                    calcb=Vasp(restart=True)
                    totalsol=calcb.get_atoms()
                    stress=calcb.read_stress()
                else:
                    try:
                        totcop=totalsol.copy()
                        if debug: write_xyz(Optimizer.debugfile,totcop,'Individual sent to lammps')
                        OUT=totalsol.calc.calculate(totalsol)
                        totalsol=OUT['atoms']
                        totalsol.set_pbc(True)
                        if Optimizer.fixed_region:
                            if debug:
                                print 'Energy of fixed region calc = ', OUT['thermo'][-1]['pe']
                            totalsol.set_calculator(Optimizer.static_calc)
                            OUT=totalsol.calc.calculate(totalsol)
                            totalsol=OUT['atoms']
                            totalsol.set_pbc(True)
                            if debug:
                                print 'Energy of static calc = ', OUT['thermo'][-1]['pe']
                        en=OUT['thermo'][-1]['pe']
                        stress=numpy.array([OUT['thermo'][-1][i] for i in ('pxx','pyy','pzz','pyz','pxz','pxy')])*(-1e-4*GPa)
                        #force=numpy.maximum.reduce(abs(totalsol.get_forces()))
                        if debug:
                            write_xyz(Optimizer.debugfile,totalsol,'After Lammps Minimization')
                            Optimizer.debugfile.flush()
                    except Exception, e:
                        os.chdir(cwd)
                        STR+='WARNING: Exception during energy eval:\n'+repr(e)+'\n'
                        f=open('problem-structures.xyz','a')
                        write_xyz(f,totcop,data='Starting structure hindex='+individ.history_index)
                        write_xyz(f,totalsol,data='Lammps Min structure')
                        en=10
                        stress=0
                        f.close()
                if Optimizer.fitness_scheme == 'enthalpyfit':
                    pressure=totalsol.get_isotropic_pressure(stress)
                    cell_max=numpy.maximum.reduce(totalsol.get_positions())
                    cell_min=numpy.minimum.reduce(totalsol.get_positions())
                    cell=cell_max-cell_min
                    volume=cell[0]*cell[1]*cell[2]
                else:
                    pressure=totalsol.get_isotropic_pressure(stress)
                    volume=0
                na=totalsol.get_number_of_atoms()
                ena=en/na
                energy=en
                if Optimizer.structure=='Defect':
                    if Optimizer.fixed_region==True or Optimizer.finddefects==False:
                        individ[0]=totalsol[0:nat]
                        bul=totalsol[(nat):len(totalsol)]
                        individ[0].set_cell(csize)
                    else:
                        if 'FI' in Optimizer.debug:
                            outt=find_defects(totalsol,Optimizer.solidbulk,Optimizer.sf,atomlistcheck=Optimizer.atomlist,trackvacs=Optimizer.trackvacs,trackswaps=Optimizer.trackswaps,debug=Optimizer.debugfile)
                        else:
                            outt=find_defects(totalsol,Optimizer.solidbulk,Optimizer.sf,atomlistcheck=Optimizer.atomlist,trackvacs=Optimizer.trackvacs,trackswaps=Optimizer.trackswaps,debug=False)
                        individ[0]=outt[0]
                        bul=outt[1]
                        individ.vacancies = outt[2]
                        individ.swaps = outt[3]
                        STR += outt[4]
                    indiv=individ[0]
                else:
                    top,bul=find_top_layer(totalsol,Optimizer.surftopthick)
                    indiv=top.copy()
                    individ[0]=top.copy()
            else: