def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
# So instead we explicitly call __init__ for all ancestors.
# The use of *args and **kwargs allows for a clean way to pass arguments,
# with each parent "peeling a layer of the onion".
Superhero.__init__(self, 'anonymous', movie=True,
superpowers=['Wealthy'], *args, **kwargs)
Bat.__init__(self, *args, can_fly=False, **kwargs)
# override the value for the name attribute
self.name = 'Sad Affleck'
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
# Cách điển hình để thừa kế thuộc tính là gọi super
# super(Batman, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
# Tuy nhiên với đa thừa kế, super() sẽ chỉ gọi lớp cơ sở tiếp theo trong danh sách MRO.
# Vì thế, ta sẽ gọi cụ thể hàm __init__ của các lớp chả.
# Sử dụng *args và **kwargs cho phép việc truyền đối số gọn gàng hơn,
# trong đó mỗi lớp cha sẽ chịu trách nhiệm cho những phần thuộc về nó
Human.__init__(self, 'anonymous', *args, **kwargs)
Bat.__init__(self, *args, can_fly=False, **kwargs)
# ghi đè giá trị của thuộc tính name
self.name = 'Sad Affleck'
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
# Typically to inherit attributes you have to call super:
#super(Batman, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
# However we are dealing with multiple inheritance here, and super()
# only works with the next base class in the MRO list.
# So instead we explicitly call __init__ for all ancestors.
# The use of *args and **kwargs allows for a clean way to pass arguments,
# with each parent "peeling a layer of the onion".
Human.__init__(self, 'anonymous', *args, **kwargs)
Bat.__init__(self, *args, can_fly=False, **kwargs)
# override the value for the name attribute
self.name = 'Sad Affleck'
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
# Обычно для наследования атрибутов необходимо вызывать super:
# super(Batman, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
# Однако здесь мы имеем дело с множественным наследованием, а super()
# работает только со следующим базовым классом в списке MRO.
# Поэтому вместо этого мы вызываем __init__ для всех родителей.
# Использование *args и **kwargs обеспечивает чистый способ передачи
# аргументов, когда каждый родитель "очищает слой луковицы".
Superhero.__init__(self, 'анонимный', movie=True,
superpowers=['Богатый'], *args, **kwargs)
Bat.__init__(self, *args, can_fly=False, **kwargs)
# переопределить значение атрибута name
self.name = 'Грустный Бен Аффлек'
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
# Typically to inherit attributes you have to call super:
#super(Batman, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
# However we are dealing with multiple inheritance here, and super()
# only works with the next base class in the MRO list.
# So instead we explicitly call __init__ for all ancestors.
# The use of *args and **kwargs allows for a clean way to pass arguments,
# with each parent "peeling a layer of the onion".
Superhero.__init__(self, 'anonymous', movie=True,
superpowers=['Wealthy'], *args, **kwargs)
Bat.__init__(self, *args, can_fly=False, **kwargs)
# override the value for the name attribute
self.name = 'Sad Affleck'
from bat import Bat
# Define Batman as a child that inherits from both Superhero and Bat
class Batman(Superhero, Bat):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
# Typically to inherit attributes you have to call super:
# super(Batman, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
# However we are dealing with multiple inheritance here, and super()
# only works with the next base class in the MRO list.
# So instead we explicitly call __init__ for all ancestors.
# The use of *args and **kwargs allows for a clean way to pass arguments,
# with each parent "peeling a layer of the onion".
Superhero.__init__(self, 'anonymous', movie=True,
superpowers=['Wealthy'], *args, **kwargs)
Bat.__init__(self, *args, can_fly=False, **kwargs)
# override the value for the name attribute
self.name = 'Sad Affleck'
def sing(self):
return 'nan nan nan nan nan batman!'
if __name__ == '__main__':
sup = Batman()
# Get the Method Resolution search Order used by both getattr() and super().
# This attribute is dynamic and can be updated
print(Batman.__mro__) # => (<class '__main__.Batman'>,
# => <class 'superhero.Superhero'>,
# => <class 'human.Human'>,
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
# super(Batman, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) # doesn't work for multiple inheritance
Human.__init__(self, 'anonymous', *args, **kwargs)
Bat.__init__(self, *args, can_fly=False, **kwargs)
self.name = 'Sad Affleck'