def run_pop_code(pop_class, N, network_params, stimuli, trial_duration, report=None):
simulation_clock=Clock(dt=1*ms)
pop=pop_class(N,simulation_clock,network_params)
pop_monitor=MultiStateMonitor(pop, vars=['x','r','e'], record=True, clock=simulation_clock)
@network_operation(when='start', clock=simulation_clock)
def get_pop_input():
pop.x=0.0
for stimulus in stimuli:
if stimulus.start_time<simulation_clock.t<stimulus.end_time:
pop.x+=pop.get_population_function(stimulus.x,stimulus.var)
net=Network(pop, pop_monitor, get_pop_input)
#reinit_default_clock()
net.run(trial_duration, report=report)
g_total=np.sum(np.clip(pop_monitor['e'].values,0,1) * pop_monitor['x'].values, axis=0)+0.1
voxel_monitor=get_bold_signal(g_total, voxel.default_params, range(int(stimuli[0].start_time/simulation_clock.dt)), trial_duration)
# There is only one peak with rapid design
if trial_duration>6*second:
y_max=np.max(voxel_monitor['y'][0][60000:])
else:
y_max=np.max(voxel_monitor['y'][0])
return pop_monitor, voxel_monitor, y_max
def __init__(self, subj_id, wta_params=default_params(), pyr_params=pyr_params(), inh_params=inh_params(),
plasticity_params=plasticity_params(), sim_params=simulation_params()):
self.subj_id = subj_id
self.wta_params = wta_params
self.pyr_params = pyr_params
self.inh_params = inh_params
self.plasticity_params = plasticity_params
self.sim_params = sim_params
self.simulation_clock = Clock(dt=self.sim_params.dt)
self.input_update_clock = Clock(dt=1 / (self.wta_params.refresh_rate / Hz) * second)
self.background_input = PoissonGroup(self.wta_params.background_input_size,
rates=self.wta_params.background_freq, clock=self.simulation_clock)
self.task_inputs = []
for i in range(self.wta_params.num_groups):
self.task_inputs.append(PoissonGroup(self.wta_params.task_input_size,
rates=self.wta_params.task_input_resting_rate, clock=self.simulation_clock))
# Create WTA network
self.wta_network = WTANetworkGroup(params=self.wta_params, background_input=self.background_input,
task_inputs=self.task_inputs, pyr_params=self.pyr_params, inh_params=self.inh_params,
plasticity_params=self.plasticity_params, clock=self.simulation_clock)
# Create network monitor
self.wta_monitor = WTAMonitor(self.wta_network, None, None, self.sim_params, record_lfp=False,
record_voxel=False, record_neuron_state=False, record_spikes=False,
record_firing_rate=True, record_inputs=True, record_connections=None,
save_summary_only=False, clock=self.simulation_clock)
# Create Brian network and reset clock
self.net = Network(self.background_input, self.task_inputs, self.wta_network,
self.wta_network.connections.values(), self.wta_monitor.monitors.values())
def get_bold_signal(g_total, voxel_params, baseline_range, trial_duration):
simulation_clock = Clock(dt=1 * ms)
voxel = Voxel(simulation_clock, params=voxel_params)
voxel.G_base = g_total[baseline_range[0]:baseline_range[1]].mean()
voxel_monitor = MultiStateMonitor(
voxel,
vars=['G_total', 's', 'f_in', 'v', 'f_out', 'q', 'y'],
record=True,
clock=simulation_clock)
@network_operation(when='start', clock=simulation_clock)
def get_input():
idx = int(simulation_clock.t / simulation_clock.dt)
if idx < baseline_range[0]:
voxel.G_total = voxel.G_base
elif idx < len(g_total):
voxel.G_total = g_total[idx]
else:
voxel.G_total = voxel.G_base
net = Network(voxel, get_input, voxel_monitor)
#reinit_default_clock()
bold_trial_duration = 10 * second
if trial_duration + 6 * second > bold_trial_duration:
bold_trial_duration = trial_duration + 6 * second
net.run(bold_trial_duration)
return voxel_monitor
def get_bold_signal(g_total, voxel_params, baseline_range, trial_duration):
simulation_clock=Clock(dt=1*ms)
voxel=Voxel(simulation_clock, params=voxel_params)
voxel.G_base=g_total[baseline_range[0]:baseline_range[1]].mean()
voxel_monitor = MultiStateMonitor(voxel, vars=['G_total','s','f_in','v','f_out','q','y'], record=True, clock=simulation_clock)
@network_operation(when='start', clock=simulation_clock)
def get_input():
idx=int(simulation_clock.t/simulation_clock.dt)
if idx<baseline_range[0]:
voxel.G_total=voxel.G_base
elif idx<len(g_total):
voxel.G_total=g_total[idx]
else:
voxel.G_total=voxel.G_base
net=Network(voxel, get_input, voxel_monitor)
#reinit_default_clock()
bold_trial_duration=10*second
if trial_duration+6*second>bold_trial_duration:
bold_trial_duration=trial_duration+6*second
net.run(bold_trial_duration)
return voxel_monitor
def generate_data():
g = NeuronGroup(1, model=equations, reset=0, threshold=1)
g.I = TimedArray(input, dt=.1*ms)
g.tau = 25*ms
g.R = 3e9
SpM = SpikeMonitor(g)
StM = StateMonitor(g, 'V', record=True)
net = Network(g, SpM, StM)
net.run(1*second)
return StM.values[0], SpM.spikes
def generate_data():
g = NeuronGroup(1, model=equations, reset=0, threshold=1)
g.I = TimedArray(input, dt=.1 * ms)
g.tau = 25 * ms
g.R = 3e9
SpM = SpikeMonitor(g)
StM = StateMonitor(g, 'V', record=True)
net = Network(g, SpM, StM)
net.run(1 * second)
return StM.values[0], SpM.spikes
def test_stim_pyramidal_impact():
simulation_clock=Clock(dt=.5*ms)
trial_duration=1*second
dcs_start_time=.5*second
stim_levels=[-8,-6,-4,-2,-1,-.5,-.25,0,.25,.5,1,2,4,6,8]
voltages = np.zeros(len(stim_levels))
for idx,stim_level in enumerate(stim_levels):
print('testing stim_level %.3fpA' % stim_level)
eqs = exp_IF(default_params.C, default_params.gL, default_params.EL, default_params.VT, default_params.DeltaT)
# AMPA conductance - recurrent input current
eqs += exp_synapse('g_ampa_r', default_params.tau_ampa, siemens)
eqs += Current('I_ampa_r=g_ampa_r*(E-vm): amp', E=default_params.E_ampa)
# AMPA conductance - background input current
eqs += exp_synapse('g_ampa_b', default_params.tau_ampa, siemens)
eqs += Current('I_ampa_b=g_ampa_b*(E-vm): amp', E=default_params.E_ampa)
# AMPA conductance - task input current
eqs += exp_synapse('g_ampa_x', default_params.tau_ampa, siemens)
eqs += Current('I_ampa_x=g_ampa_x*(E-vm): amp', E=default_params.E_ampa)
# Voltage-dependent NMDA conductance
eqs += biexp_synapse('g_nmda', default_params.tau1_nmda, default_params.tau2_nmda, siemens)
eqs += Equations('g_V = 1/(1+(Mg/3.57)*exp(-0.062 *vm/mV)) : 1 ', Mg=default_params.Mg)
eqs += Current('I_nmda=g_V*g_nmda*(E-vm): amp', E=default_params.E_nmda)
# GABA-A conductance
eqs += exp_synapse('g_gaba_a', default_params.tau_gaba_a, siemens)
eqs += Current('I_gaba_a=g_gaba_a*(E-vm): amp', E=default_params.E_gaba_a)
eqs +=InjectedCurrent('I_dcs: amp')
group=NeuronGroup(1, model=eqs, threshold=-20*mV, refractory=pyr_params.refractory, reset=default_params.Vr,
compile=True, freeze=True, clock=simulation_clock)
group.C=pyr_params.C
group.gL=pyr_params.gL
@network_operation(clock=simulation_clock)
def inject_current(c):
if simulation_clock.t>dcs_start_time:
group.I_dcs=stim_level*pA
monitor=StateMonitor(group, 'vm', simulation_clock, record=True)
net=Network(group, monitor, inject_current)
net.run(trial_duration, report='text')
voltages[idx]=monitor.values[0,-1]*1000
voltages=voltages-voltages[7]
plt.figure()
plt.plot(stim_levels,voltages)
plt.xlabel('Stimulation level (pA)')
plt.ylabel('Voltage Change (mV)')
plt.show()
def __init__(self, subj_id, wta_params=default_params(), pyr_params=pyr_params(), inh_params=inh_params(),
sim_params=simulation_params(), network_class=WTANetworkGroup):
self.subj_id = subj_id
self.wta_params = wta_params
self.pyr_params = pyr_params
self.inh_params = inh_params
self.sim_params = sim_params
self.simulation_clock = Clock(dt=self.sim_params.dt)
self.input_update_clock = Clock(dt=1 / (self.wta_params.refresh_rate / Hz) * second)
self.background_input = PoissonGroup(self.wta_params.background_input_size,
rates=self.wta_params.background_freq, clock=self.simulation_clock)
self.task_inputs = []
for i in range(self.wta_params.num_groups):
self.task_inputs.append(PoissonGroup(self.wta_params.task_input_size,
rates=self.wta_params.task_input_resting_rate, clock=self.simulation_clock))
# Create WTA network
self.wta_network = network_class(params=self.wta_params, background_input=self.background_input,
task_inputs=self.task_inputs, pyr_params=self.pyr_params, inh_params=self.inh_params,
clock=self.simulation_clock)
# Create network monitor
self.wta_monitor = WTAMonitor(self.wta_network, self.sim_params, record_neuron_state=False, record_spikes=False,
record_firing_rate=True, record_inputs=True, save_summary_only=False,
clock=self.simulation_clock)
# Create Brian network and reset clock
self.net = Network(self.background_input, self.task_inputs, self.wta_network,
self.wta_network.connections.values(), self.wta_monitor.monitors.values())
def evaluate(self, **param_values):
"""
Use fitparams['delays'] to take delays into account
Use fitparams['refractory'] to take refractory into account
"""
delays = param_values.pop('delays', zeros(self.neurons))
refractory = param_values.pop('refractory', zeros(self.neurons))
tau_metric = param_values.pop('tau_metric', zeros(self.neurons))
# repeat spike delays and refractory to take slices into account
delays = kron(delays, ones(self.slices))
refractory = kron(refractory, ones(self.slices))
tau_metric = kron(tau_metric, ones(self.slices))
self.update_neurongroup(**param_values)
if self.criterion.__class__.__name__ == 'Brette':
self.initialize_criterion(delays,tau_metric)
else:
self.initialize_criterion(delays)
if self.use_gpu:
pass
#########
# TODO
#########
# # Reinitializes the simulation object
# self.mf.reinit_vars(self.input, self.I_offset, self.spiketimes, self.spiketimes_offset, delays, refractory)
# # LAUNCHES the simulation on the GPU
# self.mf.launch(self.duration, self.stepsize)
# coincidence_count = self.mf.coincidence_count
# spike_count = self.mf.spike_count
else:
# set the refractory period
if self.max_refractory is not None:
self.group.refractory = refractory
# Launch the simulation on the CPU
self.group.clock.reinit()
net = Network(self.group, self.criterion_object)
net.run(self.duration)
sliced_values = self.criterion_object.get_values()
combined_values = self.combine_sliced_values(sliced_values)
values = self.criterion_object.normalize(combined_values)
return values
def ousim(mu_amp, mu_offs, sigma_amp, sigma_offs, freq, V_th):
# mu_amp, mu_offs, sigma_amp, sigma_offs, freq, V_th = config
if sigma_amp > sigma_offs:
sigma_amp = sigma_offs
# print("Setting up OU LIF simulation...")
ounet = Network()
clock.reinit_default_clock()
eqs =Equations('dV/dt = mu-(V+V0)/tau + sigma*I/sqrt(dt) : volt')
eqs+=Equations('dI/dt = -I/dt + xi/sqrt(dt) : 1')
eqs+=Equations('mu = mu_amp*sin(t*freq*2*pi) + mu_offs : volt/second')
eqs+=Equations('sigma = sigma_amp*sin(t*freq*2*pi) + sigma_offs :'
' volt/sqrt(second)')
eqs.prepare()
ounrn = NeuronGroup(1, eqs, threshold=V_th, refractory=t_refr,
reset=V_reset)
ounet.add(ounrn)
ounrn.V = V0
V_mon = StateMonitor(ounrn, 'V', record=True)
st_mon = SpikeMonitor(ounrn)
ounet.add(V_mon, st_mon)
ounet.run(duration)
V_mon.insert_spikes(st_mon, value=V_th*2)
times = V_mon.times
membrane = V_mon[0]
return times, st_mon.spiketimes[0], membrane
def setup_sims(neuron_params, input_params, duration):
fin = input_params.get("fin")
fout = input_params.get("fout")
weight = input_params.get("weight")
num_inp = input_params.get("num_inp")
sync_configs = input_params.get("sync")
if fin is None:
fin = sl.tools.calibrate_frequencies(neuron_params,
N_in=num_inp, w_in=weight,
f_out=fout,
synchrony_conf=sync_configs)
brian.clear(True)
gc.collect()
brian.defaultclock.reinit()
neurons = NeuronGroup(N=len(sync_configs), **neuron_params)
simulation = Network(neurons)
input_groups = []
for idx, (inrate, (sync, jitter)) in enumerate(zip(fin, sync_configs)):
inp_grp = sl.tools.fast_synchronous_input_gen(num_inp,
inrate*Hz,
sync, jitter,
duration)
simulation.add(inp_grp)
inp_conn = Connection(inp_grp, neurons[idx], state='V', weight=weight)
input_groups.append(inp_grp)
simulation.add(inp_conn)
tracemon = StateMonitor(neurons, 'V', record=True)
spikemon = SpikeMonitor(neurons)
inputmons = [SpikeMonitor(igrp) for igrp in input_groups]
simulation.add(tracemon, spikemon, inputmons)
monitors = {"inputs": inputmons, "outputs": spikemon, "traces": tracemon}
return simulation, monitors
def pif_reset():
defaultclock.reinit()
sim = Network()
I = 0.2*nA
R = 1*Mohm
lifeq = """
dV/dt = I*R/ms : volt
Vth : volt
"""
thstep = 15*mV
nrn = NeuronGroup(1, lifeq, threshold="V>=Vth", reset="V=0*mV")
nrn.V = 0*mV
nrn.Vth = thstep
sim.add(nrn)
#connection = Connection(inputgrp, nrn, state="V", weight=0.5*mV)
#sim.add(inputgrp, connection)
vmon = StateMonitor(nrn, "V", record=True)
thmon = StateMonitor(nrn, "Vth", record=True)
spikemon = SpikeMonitor(nrn, record=True)
sim.add(vmon, thmon, spikemon)
sim.run(duration)
return vmon, thmon, spikemon
def fun(sigma, args):
"""
This function computes the mean firing rate of a LIF neuron with
white noise input current (OU process with threshold).
"""
if not isscalar(sigma):
raise Exception('sigma must be a scalar')
N = args['N']
tau = args['tau']
model = args['model']
reset = args['reset']
threshold = args['threshold']
duration = args['duration']
G = NeuronGroup(N, model=model, reset=reset, threshold=threshold)
M = SpikeCounter(G)
net = Network(G, M)
net.run(duration)
r = M.nspikes * 1.0 / N
return r
def run_restricted_pop_code(pop_class, N, network_params, stimuli, trial_duration, report=None):
simulation_clock=Clock(dt=1*ms)
pop=pop_class(N, simulation_clock, network_params)
#pop_monitor=MultiStateMonitor(pop, vars=['x','r','e','total_e','total_r'], record=True)
pop_monitor=MultiStateMonitor(pop, vars=['x','r','e'], record=True, clock=simulation_clock)
@network_operation(when='start', clock=simulation_clock)
def get_pop_input():
pop.x=0.0
for stimulus in stimuli:
if stimulus.start_time<simulation_clock.t<stimulus.end_time:
pop.x+=pop.get_population_function(stimulus.x,stimulus.var)
net=Network(pop, pop_monitor, get_pop_input)
#reinit_default_clock()
net.run(trial_duration, report=report)
g_total=np.sum(np.clip(pop_monitor['e'].values,0,1) * pop_monitor['x'].values, axis=0)+0.1
voxel_monitor=get_bold_signal(g_total, voxel.default_params, range(int(stimuli[0].start_time/simulation_clock.dt)), trial_duration)
return voxel_monitor
def run(self, **param_values):
delays = param_values.pop('delays', zeros(self.neurons))
# print self.refractory,self.max_refractory
if self.max_refractory is not None:
refractory = param_values.pop('refractory', zeros(self.neurons))
else:
refractory = self.refractory*ones(self.neurons)
tau_metric = param_values.pop('tau_metric', zeros(self.neurons))
self.update_neurongroup(**param_values)
# repeat spike delays and refractory to take slices into account
delays = kron(delays, ones(self.slices))
refractory = kron(refractory, ones(self.slices))
tau_metric = kron(tau_metric, ones(self.slices))
# TODO: add here parameters to criterion_params if a criterion must use some parameters
criterion_params = dict(delays=delays)
if self.criterion.__class__.__name__ == 'Brette':
criterion_params['tau_metric'] = tau_metric
self.update_neurongroup(**param_values)
self.initialize_criterion(**criterion_params)
if self.use_gpu:
# Reinitializes the simulation object
self.mf.reinit_vars(self.criterion_object,
self.inputs_inline, self.inputs_offset,
self.spikes_inline, self.spikes_offset,
self.traces_inline, self.traces_offset,
delays, refractory
)
# LAUNCHES the simulation on the GPU
self.mf.launch(self.sliced_duration, self.stepsize)
# Synchronize the GPU values with a call to gpuarray.get()
self.criterion_object.update_gpu_values()
else:
# set the refractory period
if self.max_refractory is not None:
self.group.refractory = refractory
# Launch the simulation on the CPU
self.group.clock.reinit()
net = Network(self.group, self.criterion_object)
if self.statemonitor_var is not None:
self.statemonitors = []
for state in self.statemonitor_var:
monitor = StateMonitor(self.group, state, record=True)
self.statemonitors.append(monitor)
net.add(monitor)
net.run(self.sliced_duration)
sliced_values = self.criterion_object.get_values()
combined_values = self.combine_sliced_values(sliced_values)
values = self.criterion_object.normalize(combined_values)
return values
def get_spikes(model=None, reset=None, threshold=None,
input=None, input_var='I', dt=None,
**params):
"""
Retrieves the spike times corresponding to the best parameters found by
the modelfitting function.
**Arguments**
``model``, ``reset``, ``threshold``, ``input``, ``input_var``, ``dt``
Same parameters as for the ``modelfitting`` function.
``**params``
The best parameters returned by the ``modelfitting`` function.
**Returns**
``spiketimes``
The spike times of the model with the given input and parameters.
"""
duration = len(input) * dt
ngroups = len(params[params.keys()[0]])
group = NeuronGroup(N=ngroups, model=model, reset=reset, threshold=threshold,
clock=Clock(dt=dt))
group.set_var_by_array(input_var, TimedArray(input, clock=group.clock))
for param, values in params.iteritems():
if (param == 'delays') | (param == 'fitness'):
continue
group.state(param)[:] = values
M = SpikeMonitor(group)
net = Network(group, M)
net.run(duration)
reinit_default_clock()
return M.spikes
"""
Script for testing brian on NSG portal.
Still trying to figure out how it all works.
"""
from brian import (Network, NeuronGroup, StateMonitor, SpikeMonitor,
PoissonInput,
mV, ms, second, Hz)
import numpy as np
network = Network()
tau = 20*ms
eqs = "dV/dt = -V/tau : volt"
lifgroup = NeuronGroup(10, eqs, threshold="V>=(20*mV)", reset=0*mV)
weights = np.linspace(0.1, 1, 10)
rates = np.arange(10, 100, 10)
inputgroups = []
for idx, (w, r) in enumerate(zip(weights, rates)):
inpgrp = PoissonInput(lifgroup[idx], 20, r*Hz, w*mV, state="V")
inputgroups.append(inpgrp)
network.add(lifgroup)
network.add(*inputgroups)
spikemon = SpikeMonitor(lifgroup)
vmon = StateMonitor(lifgroup, "V", record=True)
network.add(spikemon, vmon)
network.run(10*second, report="stdout")
spikes = spikemon.spiketimes.values()
from brian import (Network, NeuronGroup, StateMonitor, SpikeMonitor,
Connection,
mV, ms, Hz)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.patches import Rectangle
import spikerlib as sl
import numpy as np
import sys
sim = Network()
duration = 200*ms
dt = 0.1*ms
tau = 10*ms
Vth = 15*mV
Vreset = 0*mV
Vreset = 13.65*mV
lifeq = "dV/dt = -V/tau : volt"
lifnrn = NeuronGroup(1, lifeq, threshold="V>=Vth", reset=Vreset)
lifnrn.V = Vreset
sim.add(lifnrn)
Nin = 200
fin = 80*Hz
Sin = 0.6
sigma = 0.0*ms
weight = 0.1*mV
inputs = sl.tools.fast_synchronous_input_gen(Nin, fin, Sin, sigma, duration)
connection = Connection(inputs, lifnrn, "V", weight=weight)
sim.add(inputs, connection)
input_dist = dist_inputs_interval(inputidces, outspikes, inpmons)
correlation = cor_movavg(slopes, input_dist, win)
# TODO: negative correlation --- this should be fixed (maybe in the GA?)
individual.fitness = 1-abs(correlation)
def cor_movavg(slopes, kreuz, win):
masl = mlab.movavg(slopes, win)
makr = mlab.movavg(kreuz, win)
return np.corrcoef(masl, makr)[1,0]
def cor_movavg_all(allslopes, allkreuz, win):
return [cor_movavg(sl, kr, win) for sl, kr in zip(allslopes, allkreuz)]
print("Preparing simulation ...")
doplot = False
network = Network()
defaultclock.dt = dt = 0.1*ms
duration = 10*second
w = 2*ms
nkreuzsamples = 3
Vrest = 0*mV
Vth = 20*mV
tau = 20*ms
Nnrns = 4
Ningroups = 1
Nin_per_group = 50
fin = 20*Hz
ingroup_sync = [0.5]
sigma = 0*ms
weight = 2.0*mV
Nallin = Nin_per_group*Ningroups
class VirtualSubject:
def __init__(self, subj_id, wta_params=default_params(), pyr_params=pyr_params(), inh_params=inh_params(),
plasticity_params=plasticity_params(), sim_params=simulation_params()):
self.subj_id = subj_id
self.wta_params = wta_params
self.pyr_params = pyr_params
self.inh_params = inh_params
self.plasticity_params = plasticity_params
self.sim_params = sim_params
self.simulation_clock = Clock(dt=self.sim_params.dt)
self.input_update_clock = Clock(dt=1 / (self.wta_params.refresh_rate / Hz) * second)
self.background_input = PoissonGroup(self.wta_params.background_input_size,
rates=self.wta_params.background_freq, clock=self.simulation_clock)
self.task_inputs = []
for i in range(self.wta_params.num_groups):
self.task_inputs.append(PoissonGroup(self.wta_params.task_input_size,
rates=self.wta_params.task_input_resting_rate, clock=self.simulation_clock))
# Create WTA network
self.wta_network = WTANetworkGroup(params=self.wta_params, background_input=self.background_input,
task_inputs=self.task_inputs, pyr_params=self.pyr_params, inh_params=self.inh_params,
plasticity_params=self.plasticity_params, clock=self.simulation_clock)
# Create network monitor
self.wta_monitor = WTAMonitor(self.wta_network, None, None, self.sim_params, record_lfp=False,
record_voxel=False, record_neuron_state=False, record_spikes=False,
record_firing_rate=True, record_inputs=True, record_connections=None,
save_summary_only=False, clock=self.simulation_clock)
# Create Brian network and reset clock
self.net = Network(self.background_input, self.task_inputs, self.wta_network,
self.wta_network.connections.values(), self.wta_monitor.monitors.values())
def run_trial(self, sim_params, input_freq):
self.wta_monitor.sim_params=sim_params
self.net.reinit(states=False)
@network_operation(when='start', clock=self.input_update_clock)
def set_task_inputs():
for idx in range(len(self.task_inputs)):
rate = self.wta_params.task_input_resting_rate
if sim_params.stim_start_time <= self.simulation_clock.t < sim_params.stim_end_time:
rate = input_freq[idx] * Hz + np.random.randn() * self.wta_params.input_var
if rate < self.wta_params.task_input_resting_rate:
rate = self.wta_params.task_input_resting_rate
self.task_inputs[idx]._S[0, :] = rate
@network_operation(clock=self.simulation_clock)
def inject_current():
if sim_params.dcs_start_time < self.simulation_clock.t <= sim_params.dcs_end_time:
self.wta_network.group_e.I_dcs = sim_params.p_dcs
self.wta_network.group_i.I_dcs = sim_params.i_dcs
else:
self.wta_network.group_e.I_dcs = 0 * pA
self.wta_network.group_i.I_dcs = 0 * pA
@network_operation(when='start', clock=self.simulation_clock)
def inject_muscimol():
if sim_params.muscimol_amount > 0:
self.wta_network.groups_e[sim_params.injection_site].g_muscimol = sim_params.muscimol_amount
self.net.remove(set_task_inputs, inject_current, inject_muscimol, self.wta_network.stdp.values())
self.net.add(set_task_inputs, inject_current, inject_muscimol)
if sim_params.plasticity:
self.net.add(self.wta_network.stdp.values())
self.net.run(sim_params.trial_duration, report='text')
#self.wta_monitor.plot()
self.net.remove(set_task_inputs, inject_current, inject_muscimol, self.wta_network.stdp.values())
def run_neglect(input_freq, delay_duration, net_params=default_params, output_file=None, record_lfp=True, record_voxel=True,
record_neuron_state=False, record_spikes=True, record_pop_firing_rate=True, record_neuron_firing_rate=False,
record_inputs=False, plot_output=False, mem_trial=False):
start_time=time()
# Init simulation parameters
background_input_size=1000
#background_rate=20*Hz
#background_rate=30*Hz
background_rate=25*Hz
visual_input_size=1000
#visual_background_rate=10*Hz
visual_background_rate=5*Hz
#visual_stim_min_rate=15*Hz
#visual_stim_min_rate=10*Hz
visual_stim_min_rate=8*Hz
visual_stim_tau=0.15
go_input_size=1000
go_rate=20*Hz
#go_background_rate=1*Hz
go_background_rate=0*Hz
lip_size=6250
#stim_start_time=1.8*second
#stim_end_time=2*second
stim_start_time=.5*second
stim_end_time=.7*second
#go_start_time=3*second
#go_end_time=3.1*second
#go_start_time=1.7*second
go_start_time=stim_end_time+delay_duration
#go_end_time=1.8*second
go_end_time=go_start_time+.2*second
trial_duration=go_end_time+.5*second
# Create network inputs
background_inputs=[PoissonGroup(background_input_size, rates=background_rate),
PoissonGroup(background_input_size, rates=background_rate)]
def make_mem_rate_function(rate):
return lambda t: ((stim_start_time<t<stim_end_time and np.max([visual_background_rate,rate*exp(-(t-stim_start_time)/visual_stim_tau)])) or visual_background_rate)
def make_delay_rate_function(rate):
return lambda t: ((stim_start_time<t and np.max([visual_stim_min_rate,rate*exp(-(t-stim_start_time)/visual_stim_tau)])) or visual_background_rate)
def make_go_rate_function():
return lambda t: ((go_start_time<t<go_end_time and go_rate) or go_background_rate)
lrate=input_freq[0]*Hz
rrate=input_freq[1]*Hz
if mem_trial:
visual_cortex_inputs=[PoissonGroup(visual_input_size, rates=make_mem_rate_function(lrate)),
PoissonGroup(visual_input_size, rates=make_mem_rate_function(rrate))]
else:
visual_cortex_inputs=[PoissonGroup(visual_input_size, rates=make_delay_rate_function(lrate)),
PoissonGroup(visual_input_size, rates=make_delay_rate_function(rrate))]
go_input=PoissonGroup(go_input_size, rates=make_go_rate_function())
# Create WTA network
brain_network=BrainNetworkGroup(lip_size, params=net_params, background_inputs=background_inputs,
visual_cortex_input=visual_cortex_inputs, go_input=go_input)
# LFP source
left_lip_lfp_source=LFPSource(brain_network.left_lip.e_group)
right_lip_lfp_source=LFPSource(brain_network.right_lip.e_group)
# Create voxel
left_lip_voxel=Voxel(network=brain_network.left_lip.neuron_group)
right_lip_voxel=Voxel(network=brain_network.right_lip.neuron_group)
# Create network monitor
brain_monitor=BrainMonitor(background_inputs, visual_cortex_inputs, go_input, brain_network, left_lip_lfp_source,
right_lip_lfp_source, left_lip_voxel, right_lip_voxel, record_lfp=record_lfp, record_voxel=record_voxel,
record_neuron_state=record_neuron_state, record_spikes=record_spikes, record_pop_firing_rate=record_pop_firing_rate,
record_neuron_firing_rates=record_neuron_firing_rate, record_inputs=record_inputs)
# Create Brian network and reset clock
net=Network(background_inputs, visual_cortex_inputs, go_input, brain_network, left_lip_lfp_source, right_lip_lfp_source,
left_lip_voxel, right_lip_voxel, brain_network.connections, brain_monitor.monitors)
reinit_default_clock()
print "Initialization time:", time() - start_time
# Run simulation
start_time = time()
net.run(trial_duration, report='text')
print "Simulation time:", time() - start_time
# Compute BOLD signal
if record_voxel:
start_time=time()
brain_monitor.left_voxel_exc_monitor=get_bold_signal(brain_monitor.left_voxel_monitor['G_total_exc'].values[0],
left_lip_voxel.params, [500, 1500], trial_duration)
brain_monitor.left_voxel_monitor=get_bold_signal(brain_monitor.left_voxel_monitor['G_total'].values[0],
left_lip_voxel.params, [500, 1500], trial_duration)
brain_monitor.right_voxel_exc_monitor=get_bold_signal(brain_monitor.right_voxel_monitor['G_total_exc'].values[0],
right_lip_voxel.params, [500, 1500], trial_duration)
brain_monitor.right_voxel_monitor=get_bold_signal(brain_monitor.right_voxel_monitor['G_total'].values[0],
right_lip_voxel.params, [500, 1500], trial_duration)
print 'Time to compute BOLD:', time() - start_time
# Plot outputs
if plot_output:
brain_monitor.plot(trial_duration)
if output_file is not None:
write_output(brain_network, background_input_size, background_rate, visual_input_size, input_freq,
trial_duration, stim_start_time, stim_end_time, go_start_time, go_end_time, record_pop_firing_rate,
record_neuron_state, record_spikes, record_voxel, record_lfp, record_inputs, output_file, left_lip_voxel,
right_lip_voxel, brain_monitor)
return brain_monitor
def runsim(Nin, weight, fout, sync):
sim = Network()
clear(True)
gc.collect()
defaultclock.reinit()
duration = 5*second
lifeq = "dV/dt = -V/(10*ms) : volt"
nrndef = {"model": lifeq, "threshold": "V>=15*mV", "reset": "V=0*mV",
"refractory": 2*ms}
fin = load_or_calibrate(nrndef, Nin, weight, sync, fout,
Vth=15*mV, tau=10*ms)
# print("Calibrated frequencies:")
# print(", ".join(str(f) for f in fin))
inputgroups = []
connections = []
neurons = []
Nneurons = len(fin)
neurons = NeuronGroup(Nneurons, **nrndef)
for idx in range(Nneurons):
fin_i = fin[idx]
sync_i, sigma_i = sync[idx]
inputgrp = sl.tools.fast_synchronous_input_gen(Nin, fin_i,
sync_i, sigma_i,
duration)
defaultclock.reinit()
conn = Connection(inputgrp, neurons[idx], state="V", weight=weight)
inputgroups.append(inputgrp)
connections.append(conn)
voltagemon = StateMonitor(neurons, "V", record=True)
spikemon = SpikeMonitor(neurons, record=True)
sim.add(neurons, voltagemon, spikemon)
sim.add(*inputgroups)
sim.add(*connections)
print("Running {} {} {}".format(Nin, weight, fout))
sim.run(duration, report="stdout")
mnpss = []
allnpss = []
for idx in range(Nneurons):
vmon = voltagemon[idx]
smon = spikemon[idx]
# print("Desired firing rate: {}".format(fout))
# print("Actual firing rate: {}".format(len(smon)/duration))
if len(smon) > 0:
npss = sl.tools.npss(vmon, smon, 0*mV, 15*mV, 10*ms, 2*ms)
else:
npss = 0
mnpss.append(np.mean(npss))
allnpss.append(npss)
nrndeftuple = tuple(nrndef.items())
key = (nrndeftuple, Nin, weight, tuple(sync), fout, 15*mV, 10*ms)
save_data(key, allnpss)
imshape = (len(sigma), len(Sin))
imextent = (0, 1, 0, 4.0)
mnpss = np.reshape(mnpss, imshape, order="F")
plt.figure()
plt.imshow(mnpss, aspect="auto", origin="lower", extent=imextent,
interpolation="none", vmin=0, vmax=1)
cbar = plt.colorbar()
cbar.set_label("$\overline{M}$")
plt.xlabel("$S_{in}$")
plt.ylabel("$\sigma_{in}$ (ms)")
filename = "npss_{}_{}_{}".format(Nin, weight, fout).replace(".", "")
plt.savefig(filename+".pdf")
plt.savefig(filename+".png")
print("{} saved".format(filename))
voltages = voltagemon.values
spiketrains = spikemon.spiketimes.values()
pickle.dump({"voltages": voltages, "spiketrains": spiketrains},
open(filename+".pkl", 'w'))
return voltagemon, spikemon
from brian import (Network, NeuronGroup, StateMonitor,
defaultclock, EmpiricalThreshold, display_in_unit,
ms, second, mV, nS, msiemens, uF, uA)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
sim = Network()
defaultclock.dt = dt = 0.1*ms
duration = 0.1*second
# Neuron parameters
Cm = 1*uF # /cm**2
gL = 0.1*msiemens
EL = -65*mV
ENa = 55*mV
EK = -90*mV
gNa = 35*msiemens
gK = 9*msiemens
threshold = EmpiricalThreshold(threshold=15*mV, refractory=2*ms)
# Input parameters
taue = 15*ms
taui = 5*ms
EExc = 0*mV
EInh = -80*mV
WExc = 80*nS
WInh = 50*nS
inputcurrents = [ia*uA for ia in np.arange(0.1, 10.01, 0.01)]
eqs='''
def lifsim(mu_amp, mu_offs, simga_amp, sigma_offs, freq, V_th):
lifnet = Network()
clock.reinit_default_clock()
eqs = Equations('dV/dt = (-V+V0)/tau : volt')
eqs.prepare()
lifnrn = NeuronGroup(1, eqs, threshold=V_th, refractory=t_refr,
reset=V_reset)
lifnet.add(lifnrn)
pulse_times = (np.arange(1, duration*freq, 1)+0.25)/freq
pulse_spikes = []
Npoiss = 5000
Npulse = 5000
wpoiss = (mu_offs-mu_amp)/(Npoiss*freq)
wpulse = mu_amp/(Npulse*freq)
sigma = 1/(freq*5)
if (wpulse != 0):
for pt in pulse_times:
pp = PulsePacket(t=pt*second, n=Npulse, sigma=sigma)
pulse_spikes.extend(pp.spiketimes)
pulse_input = SpikeGeneratorGroup(Npulse, pulse_spikes)
pulse_conn = Connection(pulse_input, lifnrn, 'V', weight=wpulse)
lifnet.add(pulse_input, pulse_conn)
if (wpoiss != 0):
poiss_input = PoissonGroup(Npoiss, freq)
poiss_conn = Connection(poiss_input, lifnrn, 'V', weight=wpoiss)
lifnet.add(poiss_input, poiss_conn)
V_mon = StateMonitor(lifnrn, 'V', record=True)
st_mon = SpikeMonitor(lifnrn)
lifnet.add(V_mon, st_mon)
lifnet.run(duration)
V_mon.insert_spikes(st_mon, value=V_th*2)
times = V_mon.times
membrane = V_mon[0]
return times, st_mon.spiketimes[0], membrane
class VirtualSubject:
def __init__(self, subj_id, wta_params=default_params(), pyr_params=pyr_params(), inh_params=inh_params(),
sim_params=simulation_params(), network_class=WTANetworkGroup):
self.subj_id = subj_id
self.wta_params = wta_params
self.pyr_params = pyr_params
self.inh_params = inh_params
self.sim_params = sim_params
self.simulation_clock = Clock(dt=self.sim_params.dt)
self.input_update_clock = Clock(dt=1 / (self.wta_params.refresh_rate / Hz) * second)
self.background_input = PoissonGroup(self.wta_params.background_input_size,
rates=self.wta_params.background_freq, clock=self.simulation_clock)
self.task_inputs = []
for i in range(self.wta_params.num_groups):
self.task_inputs.append(PoissonGroup(self.wta_params.task_input_size,
rates=self.wta_params.task_input_resting_rate, clock=self.simulation_clock))
# Create WTA network
self.wta_network = network_class(params=self.wta_params, background_input=self.background_input,
task_inputs=self.task_inputs, pyr_params=self.pyr_params, inh_params=self.inh_params,
clock=self.simulation_clock)
# Create network monitor
self.wta_monitor = WTAMonitor(self.wta_network, self.sim_params, record_neuron_state=False, record_spikes=False,
record_firing_rate=True, record_inputs=True, save_summary_only=False,
clock=self.simulation_clock)
# Create Brian network and reset clock
self.net = Network(self.background_input, self.task_inputs, self.wta_network,
self.wta_network.connections.values(), self.wta_monitor.monitors.values())
def run_trial(self, sim_params, input_freq):
self.wta_monitor.sim_params=sim_params
self.net.reinit(states=False)
@network_operation(when='start', clock=self.input_update_clock)
def set_task_inputs():
for idx in range(len(self.task_inputs)):
rate = self.wta_params.task_input_resting_rate
if sim_params.stim_start_time <= self.simulation_clock.t < sim_params.stim_end_time:
rate = input_freq[idx] * Hz + np.random.randn() * self.wta_params.input_var
if rate < self.wta_params.task_input_resting_rate:
rate = self.wta_params.task_input_resting_rate
self.task_inputs[idx]._S[0, :] = rate
@network_operation(clock=self.simulation_clock)
def inject_current():
if sim_params.dcs_start_time < self.simulation_clock.t <= sim_params.dcs_end_time:
self.wta_network.group_e.I_dcs = sim_params.p_dcs
self.wta_network.group_i.I_dcs = sim_params.i_dcs
else:
self.wta_network.group_e.I_dcs = 0 * pA
self.wta_network.group_i.I_dcs = 0 * pA
self.net.remove(set_task_inputs, inject_current)
self.net.add(set_task_inputs, inject_current)
self.net.run(sim_params.trial_duration, report='text')
def runsim(fin):
clear(True)
gc.collect()
defaultclock.reinit()
weight = 0.16*mV
sim = Network()
duration = 2.0*second
Vth = 15*mV
Vreset = 13.65*mV
trefr = 2*ms
lifeq = """
dV/dt = -V/(10*ms) : volt
Vth : volt
"""
nrndef = {"model": lifeq, "threshold": "V>=Vth", "reset": "V=Vreset",
"refractory": 0.1*ms}
inputgroups = []
connections = []
neurons = []
Nneurons = len(fin)
neurons = NeuronGroup(Nneurons, **nrndef)
neurons.V = 0*mV
neurons.Vth = 15*mV
for idx in range(Nneurons):
fin_i = fin[idx]*Hz
inputgrp = PoissonGroup(50, fin_i)
conn = Connection(inputgrp, neurons[idx], state="V", weight=weight)
inputgroups.append(inputgrp)
connections.append(conn)
voltagemon = StateMonitor(neurons, "V", record=True)
spikemon = SpikeMonitor(neurons, record=True)
sim.add(neurons, voltagemon, spikemon)
sim.add(*inputgroups)
sim.add(*connections)
@network_operation
def refractory_threshold(clock):
for idx in range(Nneurons):
if (len(spikemon.spiketimes[idx])
and clock.t < spikemon.spiketimes[idx][-1]*second+trefr):
neurons.Vth[idx] = 100*mV
else:
neurons.Vth[idx] = Vth
sim.add(refractory_threshold)
print("Running simulation of {} neurons for {} s".format(Nneurons, duration))
sim.run(duration, report="stdout")
mnpss = []
allnpss = []
outisi = []
for idx in range(Nneurons):
vmon = voltagemon[idx]
smon = spikemon[idx]
if not len(smon):
continue
outisi.append(duration*1000/len(smon))
if len(smon) > 0:
npss = sl.tools.npss(vmon, smon, 0*mV, 15*mV, 10*ms, 2*ms)
else:
npss = 0
mnpss.append(np.mean(npss))
allnpss.append(npss)
return outisi, mnpss
def run_simulation(realizations=1, trials=1, t=3000 * ms, alpha=1, ree=1,
k=50, winlen = 50 * ms, verbose=True, t_stim = 0):
"""
Run the whole simulation with the specified parameters. All model parameter are set in the function.
Keyword arguments:
:param realizations: number of repititions of the whole simulation, number of network instances
:param trials: number of trials for network instance
:param t: simulation time
:param alpha: scaling factor for number of neurons in the network
:param ree: clustering coefficient
:param k: number of clusters
:param t_stim : duration of stimulation of a subset of clusters
:param winlen: length of window in ms
:param verbose: plotting flag
:return: numpy matrices with spike times
"""
# The equations defining our neuron model
eqs_string = '''
dV/dt = (mu - V)/tau + x: volt
dx/dt = -1.0/tau_2*(x - y/tau_1) : volt/second
dy/dt = -y/tau_1 : volt
mu : volt
tau: second
tau_2: second
tau_1: second
'''
# Model parameters
n_e = int(4000 * alpha) # number of exc neurons
n_i = int(1000 * alpha) # number of inh neurons
tau_e = 15 * ms # membrane time constant (for excitatory synapses)
tau_i = 10 * ms # membrane time constant (for inhibitory synapses)
tau_syn_2_e = 3 * ms # exc synaptic time constant tau2 in paper
tau_syn_2_i = 2 * ms # inh synaptic time constant tau2 in paper
tau_syn_1 = 1 * ms # exc/inh synaptic time constant tau1 in paper
vt = -50 * mV # firing threshold
vr = -65 * mV # reset potential
dv = vt - vr # delta v
refrac = 5 * ms # absolute refractory period
# scale the weights to ensure same variance in the inputs
wee = 0.024 * dv * np.sqrt(1. / alpha)
wie = 0.014 * dv * np.sqrt(1. / alpha)
wii = -0.057 * dv * np.sqrt(1. / alpha)
wei = -0.045 * dv * np.sqrt(1. / alpha)
# Connection probability
p_ee = 0.2
p_ii = 0.5
p_ie = 0.5
p_ei = 0.5
# determine probs for inside and outside of clusters
p_in, p_out = get_cluster_connection_probs(ree, k, p_ee)
mu_min_e, mu_max_e = 1.1, 1.2
mu_min_i, mu_max_i = 1.0, 1.05
# increase cluster weights if there are clusters
wee_cluster = wee if p_in == p_out else 1.9 * wee
# define numpy array for data storing
all_data = np.zeros((realizations, trials, n_e+n_i, int(t/winlen)//2))
for realization in range(realizations):
# clear workspace to make sure that is a new realization of the network
clear(True, True)
reinit()
# set up new random bias parameter for every type of neuron
mu_e = vr + np.random.uniform(mu_min_e, mu_max_e, n_e) * dv # bias for excitatory neurons
mu_i = vr + np.random.uniform(mu_min_i, mu_max_i, n_i) * dv # bias for excitatory neurons
# Let's create an equation object from our string and parameters
model_eqs = Equations(eqs_string)
# Let's create 5000 neurons
all_neurons = NeuronGroup(N=n_e + n_i,
model=model_eqs,
threshold=vt,
reset=vr,
refractory=refrac,
freeze=True,
method='Euler',
compile=True)
# Divide the neurons into excitatory and inhibitory ones
neurons_e = all_neurons[0:n_e]
neurons_i = all_neurons[n_e:n_e + n_i]
# set the bias
neurons_e.mu = mu_e
neurons_i.mu = mu_i
neurons_e.tau = tau_e
neurons_i.tau = tau_i
neurons_e.tau_2 = tau_syn_2_e
neurons_i.tau_2 = tau_syn_2_i
all_neurons.tau_1 = tau_syn_1
# set up connections
connections = Connection(all_neurons, all_neurons, 'y')
# do the cluster connection like cross validation: cluster neuron := test idx; other neurons := train idx
kf = KFold(n=n_e, n_folds=k)
for idx_out, idx_in in kf: # idx_out holds all other neurons; idx_in holds all cluster neurons
# connect current cluster to itself
connections.connect_random(all_neurons[idx_in[0]:idx_in[-1]], all_neurons[idx_in[0]:idx_in[-1]],
sparseness=p_in, weight=wee_cluster)
# connect current cluster to other neurons
connections.connect_random(all_neurons[idx_in[0]:idx_in[-1]], all_neurons[idx_out[0]:idx_out[-1]],
sparseness=p_out, weight=wee)
# connect all excitatory to all inhibitory, irrespective of clustering
connections.connect_random(all_neurons[0:n_e], all_neurons[n_e:(n_e + n_i)], sparseness=p_ie, weight=wie)
# connect all inhibitory to all excitatory
connections.connect_random(all_neurons[n_e:(n_e + n_i)], all_neurons[0:n_e], sparseness=p_ei, weight=wei)
# connect all inhibitory to all inhibitory
connections.connect_random(all_neurons[n_e:(n_e + n_i)], all_neurons[n_e:(n_e + n_i)], sparseness=p_ii,
weight=wii)
# set up spike monitors
spike_mon_e = SpikeMonitor(neurons_e)
spike_mon_i = SpikeMonitor(neurons_i)
# set up network with monitors
network = Network(all_neurons, connections, spike_mon_e, spike_mon_i)
# run this network for some number of trials, every time with
for trial in range(trials):
# different initial values
all_neurons.V = vr + (vt - vr) * np.random.rand(len(all_neurons)) * 1.4
# Calibration phase
# run for the first half of the time to let the neurons adapt
network.run(t/2)
# reset monitors to start recording phase
spike_mon_i.reinit()
spike_mon_e.reinit()
# stimulation if duration is given
# define index variable for the stimulation possibility (is 0 for stimulation time=0)
t_stim_idx = int(t_stim / (winlen/ms))
if not(t_stim==0):
# Stimulation phase, increase input to subset of clusters
all_neurons[:400].mu += 0.07 * dv
network.run(t_stim * ms, report='text')
# set back to normal
all_neurons[:400].mu -= 0.07 * dv
# save data
all_data[realization, trial, :n_e, :t_stim_idx] = spikes_counter(spike_mon_e, winlen)
all_data[realization, trial, n_e:, :t_stim_idx] = spikes_counter(spike_mon_i, winlen)
# reset monitors
spike_mon_e.reinit()
spike_mon_i.reinit()
# run the remaining time of the simulation
network.run((t/2) - t_stim*ms, report='text')
# save results
all_data[realization, trial, :n_e, t_stim_idx:] = spikes_counter(spike_mon_e, winlen)
all_data[realization, trial, n_e:, t_stim_idx:] = spikes_counter(spike_mon_i, winlen)
if verbose:
plt.ion()
plt.figure()
raster_plot(spike_mon_e)
plt.title('Excitatory neurons')
spike_mon_e.reinit()
spike_mon_i.reinit()
return all_data
import numpy as np
import itertools as itt
fin = [f * Hz for f in range(10, 41, 5)]
win = [w * mV for w in np.arange(0.5, 2.1, 0.5)]
Nin = [n for n in range(100, 181, 20)]
tau = 10 * ms
Vth = 15 * mV
reset = 0 * mV
configs = [c for c in itt.product(Nin, fin, win)]
Nsims = len(configs)
print("Number of configurations: {}".format(Nsims))
lifeq = "dV/dt = -V/tau : volt"
sim = Network()
nrn = NeuronGroup(Nsims, lifeq, threshold="V>=Vth", reset="V=reset")
inputgroups = []
connections = []
print("Setting up ...")
for idx, c in enumerate(configs):
n, f, w = c
inp = PoissonGroup(n, f)
conn = Connection(inp, nrn[idx], state="V", weight=w)
inputgroups.append(inp)
connections.append(conn)
print("\r{}/{}".format(idx + 1, Nsims), end="")
sys.stdout.flush()
print()
spikemon = SpikeMonitor(nrn)
def test_stim_pyramidal_impact():
simulation_clock = Clock(dt=.5 * ms)
trial_duration = 1 * second
dcs_start_time = .5 * second
stim_levels = [-8, -6, -4, -2, -1, -.5, -.25, 0, .25, .5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8]
voltages = np.zeros(len(stim_levels))
for idx, stim_level in enumerate(stim_levels):
print('testing stim_level %.3fpA' % stim_level)
eqs = exp_IF(default_params.C, default_params.gL, default_params.EL,
default_params.VT, default_params.DeltaT)
# AMPA conductance - recurrent input current
eqs += exp_synapse('g_ampa_r', default_params.tau_ampa, siemens)
eqs += Current('I_ampa_r=g_ampa_r*(E-vm): amp',
E=default_params.E_ampa)
# AMPA conductance - background input current
eqs += exp_synapse('g_ampa_b', default_params.tau_ampa, siemens)
eqs += Current('I_ampa_b=g_ampa_b*(E-vm): amp',
E=default_params.E_ampa)
# AMPA conductance - task input current
eqs += exp_synapse('g_ampa_x', default_params.tau_ampa, siemens)
eqs += Current('I_ampa_x=g_ampa_x*(E-vm): amp',
E=default_params.E_ampa)
# Voltage-dependent NMDA conductance
eqs += biexp_synapse('g_nmda', default_params.tau1_nmda,
default_params.tau2_nmda, siemens)
eqs += Equations('g_V = 1/(1+(Mg/3.57)*exp(-0.062 *vm/mV)) : 1 ',
Mg=default_params.Mg)
eqs += Current('I_nmda=g_V*g_nmda*(E-vm): amp',
E=default_params.E_nmda)
# GABA-A conductance
eqs += exp_synapse('g_gaba_a', default_params.tau_gaba_a, siemens)
eqs += Current('I_gaba_a=g_gaba_a*(E-vm): amp',
E=default_params.E_gaba_a)
eqs += InjectedCurrent('I_dcs: amp')
group = NeuronGroup(1,
model=eqs,
threshold=-20 * mV,
refractory=pyr_params.refractory,
reset=default_params.Vr,
compile=True,
freeze=True,
clock=simulation_clock)
group.C = pyr_params.C
group.gL = pyr_params.gL
@network_operation(clock=simulation_clock)
def inject_current(c):
if simulation_clock.t > dcs_start_time:
group.I_dcs = stim_level * pA
monitor = StateMonitor(group, 'vm', simulation_clock, record=True)
net = Network(group, monitor, inject_current)
net.run(trial_duration, report='text')
voltages[idx] = monitor.values[0, -1] * 1000
voltages = voltages - voltages[7]
plt.figure()
plt.plot(stim_levels, voltages)
plt.xlabel('Stimulation level (pA)')
plt.ylabel('Voltage Change (mV)')
plt.show()
def runsim(neuron_model,
# sim params
dt, simtime, prerun, monitors, recvars,
# stimulation params
fstim, r0_bg, r0_stim, stim_starts, stim_stops, stim_odors, stim_amps, stim_start_var,
# network params
beeid, N_glu, N_KC, ORNperGlu, PNperKC, PN_I0, LN_I0,
# network weights
wi, wORNLN, wORNPN, wPNKC,
# default params
V0min, inh_struct=None, Winh=None, timestep=500, report=None):
np.random.seed() #needed for numpy/brian when runing parallel sims
define_default_clock(dt=dt)
inh_on_off = 0 if (wi == 0) or (wi is None) or (wORNLN is None) else 1
######################### NEURONGROUPS #########################
NG = dict()
# ORN Input
# For each glumerolus, random temporal response jitter can be added.
# The jitter is added to the response onset. Maximum jitter is given by stim_start_var.
# stim_start_jittered is a vector containing the jittered stim start tims
# orn_activation returns a booolean vector of stim presence given time t
# Total ORN rate: Baseline componenent equal for all units,
# and individual activationa.
jitter = np.random.uniform(0,stim_start_var,N_glu)
stim_tun = lambda odorN: fstim(N_glu=N_glu, odorN=odorN) * r0_stim
orn_activation = lambda t: np.sum([
a*stim_tun(odorN=o)*np.logical_and(np.greater(t,prerun+stim_start+jitter), np.less(t,prerun+stim_stop))
for stim_start,stim_stop,o,a in zip(stim_starts, stim_stops, stim_odors, stim_amps)], 0)
orn_rates = lambda t: np.repeat(r0_bg + orn_activation(t),repeats = ORNperGlu)
NG['ORN'] = PoissonGroup(ORNperGlu*N_glu, rates=orn_rates)
NG['PN'] = NeuronGroup(N_glu, **neuron_model)
NG['LN'] = NeuronGroup(N_glu*inh_on_off, **neuron_model)
if 'KC' in monitors: NG['KC'] = NeuronGroup(N_KC, **neuron_model)
######################### CONNECTIONS #########################
c = dict()
c['ORNPN'] = Connection(NG['ORN'],NG['PN'],'ge')
for i in np.arange(N_glu): c['ORNPN'].connect_full(NG['ORN'].subgroup(ORNperGlu),NG['PN'][i],weight=wORNPN)
if inh_on_off:
print('-- inhibiting --',wi)
c['ORNLN'] = Connection(NG['ORN'],NG['LN'],'ge')
c['LNPN'] = Connection(NG['LN'],NG['PN'],'gi',weight=(wi*35)/N_glu)
for i in np.arange(N_glu):
c['ORNLN'].connect_full(NG['ORN'][ i*ORNperGlu : (i+1)*ORNperGlu ],
NG['LN'][i],
weight = wORNLN)
if inh_struct: c['LNPN'].connect(NG['LN'],NG['PN'],Winh)
if 'KC' in monitors:
c['KC'] = Connection(NG['PN'],NG['KC'],'ge')
c['KC'].connect_random(NG['PN'],NG['KC'],p=PNperKC/float(N_glu),weight=wPNKC,seed=beeid)
######################### INITIAL VALUES #########################
VT = neuron_model['threshold']
NG['PN'].vm = np.random.uniform(V0min,VT,size=len(NG['PN']))
if inh_on_off:
NG['LN'].vm= np.random.uniform(V0min,VT,size=len(NG['LN']))
if 'KC' in monitors:
NG['KC'].vm= np.random.uniform(V0min,VT,size=len(NG['KC']))
net = Network(NG.values(), c.values())
#### Compensation currents ###
NG['PN'].I0 = PN_I0
NG['LN'].I0 = LN_I0
##########################################################################
######################### PRE-RUN #########################
net.run(prerun)
######################### MONITORS #########################
spmons = [SpikeMonitor(NG[mon], record=True) for mon in monitors]
net.add(spmons)
if len(recvars) > 0:
mons = [MultiStateMonitor(NG[mon], vars=recvars, record=True, timestep=timestep) for mon in monitors]
net.add(mons)
else:
mons = None
######################### RUN #########################
net = run(simtime, report=report)
out_spikes = dict( (monitors[i],np.array(sm.spikes)) for i,sm in enumerate(spmons) )
if mons is not None:
out_mons = dict( (mon,dict((var,statemon.values) for var,statemon in m.iteritems())) for mon,m in zip(monitors,mons))
else:
out_mons = None
#subtract the prerun from spike times, if there are any
for spikes in out_spikes.itervalues():
if len(spikes) != 0:
spikes[:,1] -= prerun
return out_spikes, out_mons
neurons_i.V = np.random.uniform(V_reset, V_th * 1.1, N_i) # Make some monitors to record spikes of all neurons and the membrane potential of a few spike_mon_e = SpikeMonitor(neurons_e) spike_mon_i = SpikeMonitor(neurons_i) #state_mon_v_e = StateMonitor(neurons_e, 'V', record=[0,1,2]) #state_mon_v_i = StateMonitor(neurons_i, 'V', record=[0,1]) #state_mon_isyn = StateMonitor(neurons_i, 'Isyn', record=[0,1]) # Put everything into the network conn_ii conn_ee_clusters, conn_ei, conn_ie, network = Network(neurons_e, neurons_i, spike_mon_e, conn_ii, conn_ee_clusters, conn_ie, conn_ei, spike_mon_i)#, state_mon_v_i, state_mon_isyn, state_mon_v_e,) # Let's run our simulation network.run(duration, report='text') #plt.figure() #plt.plot(state_mon_isyn.times,state_mon_isyn.values[0,:]) # Plot spike raster plots, blue exc neurons, red inh neurons plt.figure() gs = gridspec.GridSpec(2, 1, height_ratios=[1, 3])
def run_simulation(realizations=1, trials=1, t=3000 * ms, alpha=1, ree=1, k=50, winlen=50 * ms, verbose=True, t_stim=0):
"""
Run the whole simulation with the specified parameters. All model parameter are set in the function.
Keyword arguments:
:param realizations: number of repititions of the whole simulation, number of network instances
:param trials: number of trials for network instance
:param t: simulation time
:param alpha: scaling factor for number of neurons in the network
:param ree: clustering coefficient
:param k: number of clusters
:param t_stim : duration of stimulation of a subset of clusters
:param winlen: length of window in ms
:param verbose: plotting flag
:return: numpy matrices with spike times
"""
# The equations defining our neuron model
eqs_string = """
dV/dt = (mu - V)/tau + x: volt
dx/dt = -1.0/tau_2*(x - y/tau_1) : volt/second
dy/dt = -y/tau_1 : volt
mu : volt
tau: second
tau_2: second
tau_1: second
"""
# Model parameters
n_e = int(4000 * alpha) # number of exc neurons
n_i = int(1000 * alpha) # number of inh neurons
tau_e = 15 * ms # membrane time constant (for excitatory synapses)
tau_i = 10 * ms # membrane time constant (for inhibitory synapses)
tau_syn_2_e = 3 * ms # exc synaptic time constant tau2 in paper
tau_syn_2_i = 2 * ms # inh synaptic time constant tau2 in paper
tau_syn_1 = 1 * ms # exc/inh synaptic time constant tau1 in paper
vt = -50 * mV # firing threshold
vr = -65 * mV # reset potential
dv = vt - vr # delta v
refrac = 5 * ms # absolute refractory period
# scale the weights to ensure same variance in the inputs
wee = 0.024 * dv * np.sqrt(1.0 / alpha)
wie = 0.014 * dv * np.sqrt(1.0 / alpha)
wii = -0.057 * dv * np.sqrt(1.0 / alpha)
wei = -0.045 * dv * np.sqrt(1.0 / alpha)
# Connection probability
p_ee = 0.2
p_ii = 0.5
p_ie = 0.5
p_ei = 0.5
# determine probs for inside and outside of clusters
p_in, p_out = get_cluster_connection_probs(ree, k, p_ee)
mu_min_e, mu_max_e = 1.1, 1.2
mu_min_i, mu_max_i = 1.0, 1.05
# increase cluster weights if there are clusters
wee_cluster = wee if p_in == p_out else 1.9 * wee
# define numpy array for data storing
all_data = np.zeros((realizations, trials, n_e + n_i, int(t / winlen) // 2))
for realization in range(realizations):
# clear workspace to make sure that is a new realization of the network
clear(True, True)
reinit()
# set up new random bias parameter for every type of neuron
mu_e = vr + np.random.uniform(mu_min_e, mu_max_e, n_e) * dv # bias for excitatory neurons
mu_i = vr + np.random.uniform(mu_min_i, mu_max_i, n_i) * dv # bias for excitatory neurons
# Let's create an equation object from our string and parameters
model_eqs = Equations(eqs_string)
# Let's create 5000 neurons
all_neurons = NeuronGroup(
N=n_e + n_i,
model=model_eqs,
threshold=vt,
reset=vr,
refractory=refrac,
freeze=True,
method="Euler",
compile=True,
)
# Divide the neurons into excitatory and inhibitory ones
neurons_e = all_neurons[0:n_e]
neurons_i = all_neurons[n_e : n_e + n_i]
# set the bias
neurons_e.mu = mu_e
neurons_i.mu = mu_i
neurons_e.tau = tau_e
neurons_i.tau = tau_i
neurons_e.tau_2 = tau_syn_2_e
neurons_i.tau_2 = tau_syn_2_i
all_neurons.tau_1 = tau_syn_1
# set up connections
connections = Connection(all_neurons, all_neurons, "y")
# do the cluster connection like cross validation: cluster neuron := test idx; other neurons := train idx
kf = KFold(n=n_e, n_folds=k)
for idx_out, idx_in in kf: # idx_out holds all other neurons; idx_in holds all cluster neurons
# connect current cluster to itself
connections.connect_random(
all_neurons[idx_in[0] : idx_in[-1]],
all_neurons[idx_in[0] : idx_in[-1]],
sparseness=p_in,
weight=wee_cluster,
)
# connect current cluster to other neurons
connections.connect_random(
all_neurons[idx_in[0] : idx_in[-1]], all_neurons[idx_out[0] : idx_out[-1]], sparseness=p_out, weight=wee
)
# connect all excitatory to all inhibitory, irrespective of clustering
connections.connect_random(all_neurons[0:n_e], all_neurons[n_e : (n_e + n_i)], sparseness=p_ie, weight=wie)
# connect all inhibitory to all excitatory
connections.connect_random(all_neurons[n_e : (n_e + n_i)], all_neurons[0:n_e], sparseness=p_ei, weight=wei)
# connect all inhibitory to all inhibitory
connections.connect_random(
all_neurons[n_e : (n_e + n_i)], all_neurons[n_e : (n_e + n_i)], sparseness=p_ii, weight=wii
)
# set up spike monitors
spike_mon_e = SpikeMonitor(neurons_e)
spike_mon_i = SpikeMonitor(neurons_i)
# set up network with monitors
network = Network(all_neurons, connections, spike_mon_e, spike_mon_i)
# run this network for some number of trials, every time with
for trial in range(trials):
# different initial values
all_neurons.V = vr + (vt - vr) * np.random.rand(len(all_neurons)) * 1.4
# Calibration phase
# run for the first half of the time to let the neurons adapt
network.run(t / 2)
# reset monitors to start recording phase
spike_mon_i.reinit()
spike_mon_e.reinit()
# stimulation if duration is given
# define index variable for the stimulation possibility (is 0 for stimulation time=0)
t_stim_idx = int(t_stim / (winlen / ms))
if not (t_stim == 0):
# Stimulation phase, increase input to subset of clusters
all_neurons[:400].mu += 0.07 * dv
network.run(t_stim * ms, report="text")
# set back to normal
all_neurons[:400].mu -= 0.07 * dv
# save data
all_data[realization, trial, :n_e, :t_stim_idx] = spikes_counter(spike_mon_e, winlen)
all_data[realization, trial, n_e:, :t_stim_idx] = spikes_counter(spike_mon_i, winlen)
# reset monitors
spike_mon_e.reinit()
spike_mon_i.reinit()
# run the remaining time of the simulation
network.run((t / 2) - t_stim * ms, report="text")
# save results
all_data[realization, trial, :n_e, t_stim_idx:] = spikes_counter(spike_mon_e, winlen)
all_data[realization, trial, n_e:, t_stim_idx:] = spikes_counter(spike_mon_i, winlen)
if verbose:
plt.ion()
plt.figure()
raster_plot(spike_mon_e)
plt.title("Excitatory neurons")
spike_mon_e.reinit()
spike_mon_i.reinit()
return all_data
from brian import (NeuronGroup, Network, StateMonitor,
second, ms, volt, mV)
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
network = Network()
XT = -50*mV
DeltaT = 0.05*mV/ms
eqs = "dX/dt = DeltaT*exp((X-XT)/DeltaT) : volt"
neuron = NeuronGroup(1, eqs, threshold="X>=XT", reset=-65*mV)
neuron.X = -65*mV
network.add(neuron)
vmon = StateMonitor(neuron, "X", record=True)
network.add(vmon)
network.run(1*second)
plt.figure("Voltage")
plt.plot(vmon.times, vmon[0])
plt.show()
