def getInitialUser():
private_key = ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey.from_private_bytes(
bytes.fromhex(
"1d82897e5881368cac9eb99126cdfca1e0317629dbeaa7280484c5dae81e932b")
)
public_key = ed25519.Ed25519PublicKey.from_public_bytes(
bytes.fromhex(
"75efa6f1fdf1393a5ea815b2b3690293d079df187944f22ec79f3380ef7bd743")
)
txns = [
Transaction.build_signed_txn(
"75efa6f1fdf1393a5ea815b2b3690293d079df187944f22ec79f3380ef7bd743",
[], [
OutFlow(
10000,
"75efa6f1fdf1393a5ea815b2b3690293d079df187944f22ec79f3380ef7bd743"
)
],
"1d82897e5881368cac9eb99126cdfca1e0317629dbeaa7280484c5dae81e932b")
]
# Note that we need two hexadecimal digits for the bytes.fromhex( str ) method to work,
# hence we include two zeros
block_obj = Block("00", txns, 0)
success = False
while not success:
magic_num = os.urandom(32).hex()
block_obj.magic_num = magic_num
if int(block_obj.get_hash(), 16) & 0xFFFF == 0xCCCC:
success = True
print(json.dumps(block_obj.serialize()))
def test_block(self):
args = (0, "0", int(time.time()), "test")
nonce = 0
target = "f" * 64
hash = Block.calculate_hash(*args, nonce, target)
b = Block(*args, nonce=nonce, target=target, hash=hash)
self.assertSerializable(Block, b, globals())
self.assertTrue(b.valid)
b.hash = "aaa"
self.assertFalse(b.valid)
def mine(self):
""" Looks in redis for transactions and mines them to find the answer to the puzzle
"""
print("Mining")
prev_hash = self.r.get(PREV_HASH_KEY)
if prev_hash:
prev_hash = prev_hash.decode('utf-8')
block = Block(prev_hash)
# wait to fill the block with transactions
while not block.full():
# in between mining
if self.stop_mining():
print("Someone mined the coins")
l = len(block.transactions)
left = TRANSACTIONS_IN_BLOCK - l
for _ in range(left):
self.r.blpop(TRANSACTION_QUEUE_KEY)
return None
print("Searching for transactions to fill the block")
# blocking pop from transaction key
transaction = Transaction.from_redis(
self.r,
json.loads(
self.r.blpop(TRANSACTION_QUEUE_KEY)[1].decode('utf-8')))
print("found a transaction, adding it to block")
block.add_transaction(transaction)
# create a new transaction that creates a lazycoin and gives it to the user
print("Block is full, now add a create transaction")
print("Prev hash = ", prev_hash)
create = Transaction(
prev_hash=prev_hash,
transaction_type='CREATE',
sender=self.user.pub,
receiver=self.user.pub,
)
# sign this transaction and add the signature to the transaction
print("signing transaction")
msg, sign = self.user.sign(create)
create.add_signature(sign)
print("adding transaction")
block.add_transaction(create)
print("finding nonce")
nonce = self.solve_puzzle(block)
block.add_nonce(nonce)
print("block done")
if self.stop_mining():
print("stopping mining")
return None
return block
def __mining(self) -> Optional[Block]:
"""挖矿"""
trans_list = self.__get_mining_trans()
with FullBlockChain.safe_use_blockchain() as blc:
block = Block(blc.get_height() + 1, blc.get_top_hash())
# 计算总交易费
fee = Btc("0")
for trans in trans_list:
fee += blc.compute_transaction_fee(trans)
block.add_transaction(trans) # 添加交易到block中
# 加上矿工奖励
fee += block.get_now_ming_btcs()
# 构造创块交易
head_trans = Transaction()
head_trans.add_output(TransOutput(address=self.address, btcs=fee))
block.set_head_transaction(head_trans)
# 正式开始挖矿
while not block.veri_hash():
if self.mine_flag:
block.randnum += MINING_ADD_NUM
block.timestap = time.time()
else: # 中止挖矿（失败了）
self.add_trans(*trans_list) # 把交易放回交易池
return None
return block
def test_block_message(self):
message = messages.msg_block()
cblock = CBlock()
message.block = cblock
block = Block(None, BlockOrigin.private)
block.cached_hash = message.block.GetHash()
self.chain.blocks = {block.hash(): block}
self.networking.block_message(self.private_connection, message)
self.assertEqual(self.chain.blocks[block.hash()].cblock, cblock)
def test_block_message_remove_from_blocks_in_flight(self):
message = messages.msg_block()
cblock = CBlock()
message.block = cblock
block = Block(None, BlockOrigin.private)
block.cached_hash = message.block.GetHash()
self.chain.blocks = {block.hash(): block}
self.networking.blocks_in_flight = {block.hash(): 'in_flight'}
self.networking.block_message(self.private_connection, message)
self.assertEqual(len(self.networking.blocks_in_flight), 0)
def test_block_message_two_times(self):
message = messages.msg_block()
cblock1 = CBlock(nNonce=1)
cblock2 = CBlock(nNonce=2)
message.block = cblock1
block = Block(None, BlockOrigin.private)
block.cached_hash = message.block.GetHash()
self.chain.blocks = {block.hash(): block}
self.networking.block_message(self.private_connection, message)
message.block = cblock2
self.networking.block_message(self.private_connection, message)
def init():
# 删除旧文件
if os.path.isfile(STORE_BLC_FILE_PATH):
os.remove(STORE_BLC_FILE_PATH)
if os.path.isfile(STORE_KEYS_FILE_PATH):
os.remove(STORE_KEYS_FILE_PATH)
# 打开N服务和B服务
NetworkRouting.get_instance().start_server()
FullBlockChain.get_instance().start_server()
# 添加创世区块
keys = [UserKey() for i in range(10)]
for key in keys:
Wallet.get_instance().add_key(key)
Miner.get_instance().set_wallet_address(keys[0].get_address())
t = Transaction()
for key in keys:
t.add_output(TransOutput(Btc("1000"), key.get_address()))
block = Block(1)
block.add_transaction(t)
head_trans = Transaction()
head_trans.add_output(TransOutput(Btc(MINING_BTCS), keys[0].get_address()))
block.set_head_transaction(head_trans)
block.find_randnum()
FullBlockChain.get_instance().add_first_block(block)
Wallet.get_instance().write_keys_to_file()
def get_block(self, index: int) -> Block:
"""取出指定索引块"""
with self.__auto_commit() as cusor:
fet = cusor.execute(
f"select block from blockchain where \"index\"={index}")
b = fet.fetchone()[0]
return Block.load(b)
def test_adopt_two_blocks_lead_public(self):
third_block_chain_b = Block(CBlock(), BlockOrigin.public)
third_block_chain_b.height = 3
third_block_chain_b.prevBlock = self.second_block_chain_b
third_block_chain_b.cached_hash = '3b'
self.executor.execute(Action.adopt, self.first_block_chain_a, third_block_chain_b)
self.assertTrue(self.networking.send_inv.called)
blocks = [block.hash() for block in self.networking.send_inv.call_args[0][0]]
self.assertEqual(len(blocks), 3)
self.assertTrue('1b' in blocks)
self.assertTrue('2b' in blocks)
self.assertTrue('3b' in blocks)
def test_override_two_blocks_lead_private(self):
third_block_chain_a = Block(CBlock(), BlockOrigin.private)
third_block_chain_a.height = 3
third_block_chain_a.prevBlock = self.second_block_chain_a
third_block_chain_a.cached_hash = '3a'
self.executor.execute(Action.override, third_block_chain_a, self.first_block_chain_b)
self.assertTrue(self.networking.send_inv.called)
blocks = [block.hash() for block in self.networking.send_inv.call_args[0][0]]
self.assertEqual(len(blocks), 3)
self.assertTrue('1a' in blocks)
self.assertTrue('2a' in blocks)
self.assertTrue('1b' in blocks)
def __init__(self) -> None:
self.trans_cache = MyQueue() # 交易池
self.trans_num = MAX_USER_TRANSACTION_NUMBER # 一个区块打包多少个交易
self.address = "" # 获取收益的地址
self.server_flag = True
self.mine_flag = True
self.trans_later = Transaction()
self.block_later = Block()
def test_getdata_message_with_block(self):
cblock = CBlock()
block = Block(cblock, BlockOrigin.private)
block.cblock = cblock
message = messages.msg_getdata()
cInv = CInv()
cInv.type = networking.inv_typemap['Block']
cInv.hash = cblock.GetHash()
message.inv = [cInv]
self.chain.blocks = {cblock.GetHash(): block}
self.networking.getdata_message(self.public_connection1, message)
self.assertTrue(self.public_connection1.send.called)
self.assertEqual(self.public_connection1.send.call_args[0][0], 'block')
self.assertEqual(self.public_connection1.send.call_args[0][1].block,
cblock)
def test_block_message_deferred_requests(self):
message = messages.msg_block()
cblock = CBlock()
hash_ = cblock.GetHash()
message.block = cblock
block = Block(None, BlockOrigin.private)
block.cached_hash = hash_
self.networking.deferred_block_requests = \
{hash_: [self.private_connection.host[0], self.public_connection2.host[0]]}
self.networking.send_block = MagicMock()
self.networking.block_message(self.public_connection1, message)
self.assertEqual(len(self.networking.deferred_block_requests), 0)
self.assertEqual(self.networking.send_block.call_count, 2)
self.assertEqual(self.networking.send_block.call_args[0][1], cblock)
def verify_new_block(cls, block: Block) -> bool:
"""验证一个新块"""
if not cls.verify_block_depth(block):
return False
# pre_hash的值要正确
if block.get_prehash() != BlockChain.get_instance().get_top_block(
).get_hash():
return False
# 验证每笔交易的有效性
inputs = []
for trans in block.get_user_transactions():
if not cls.verify_new_transaction(trans):
return False
inputs.extend(trans.get_inputs())
# 不同的交易不能有相同的输入
if len(set(inputs)) != len(inputs):
return False
return True
def run():
"""接收区块，广播区块线程"""
while self.server_flag:
node, msg = B_mailbox.get()
if msg.type == "PUT":
if msg.command == "BLOCK": # 添加新块，广播新块
block = Block.load(msg.data)
if self.add_new_block(block):
NetworkRouting.get_instance().broad_a_msg(msg)
elif msg.type == "GET":
pass # TODO
def verify_block_depth(cls, block: Block) -> bool:
"""深入验证区块（包括区块中的交易）"""
if not cls.verify_block(block):
return False
# 验证用户的交易
for trans in block.get_user_transactions():
if not cls.verify_transaction(trans):
return False
# 验证第一笔交易
trans = block.get_head_transaction()
# 计算交易费
fee = BlockChain.get_instance().compute_block_fee(block)
# 计算矿工奖励
mini_fee = trans.compute_outputs_btcs() - fee
# 计算这个区块时的矿工奖励
mini_btcs = block.get_now_ming_btcs()
# 验证矿工奖励合法性
if mini_fee != mini_btcs:
return False
return True
def test_getdata_message_with_two_blocks(self):
cblock1 = CBlock()
block1 = Block(cblock1, BlockOrigin.private)
block1.cblock = cblock1
cInv1 = CInv()
cInv1.type = networking.inv_typemap['Block']
cInv1.hash = cblock1.GetHash()
cblock2 = CBlock()
block2 = Block(cblock2, BlockOrigin.private)
block2.cblock = cblock2
cInv2 = CInv()
cInv2.type = networking.inv_typemap['Block']
cInv2.hash = cblock2.GetHash()
message = messages.msg_getdata()
message.inv = [cInv1, cInv2]
self.chain.blocks = {
cblock1.GetHash(): block1,
cblock2.GetHash(): block2
}
self.networking.getdata_message(self.public_connection1, message)
self.assertTrue(self.public_connection1.send.called)
self.assertEqual(self.public_connection1.send.call_count, 2)
def setUp(self):
self.networking = MagicMock()
self.executor = Executor(self.networking)
self.first_block_chain_b = Block(CBlock(), BlockOrigin.public)
self.first_block_chain_b.height = 1
self.first_block_chain_b.prevBlock = test_util.genesis_block
self.first_block_chain_b.cached_hash = '1b'
self.second_block_chain_b = Block(CBlock(), BlockOrigin.public)
self.second_block_chain_b.height = 2
self.second_block_chain_b.prevBlock = self.first_block_chain_b
self.second_block_chain_b.cached_hash = '2b'
self.first_block_chain_a = Block(CBlock(), BlockOrigin.private)
self.first_block_chain_a.height = 1
self.first_block_chain_a.prevBlock = test_util.genesis_block
self.first_block_chain_a.cached_hash = '1a'
self.second_block_chain_a = Block(CBlock(), BlockOrigin.private)
self.second_block_chain_a.height = 2
self.second_block_chain_a.prevBlock = self.first_block_chain_a
self.second_block_chain_a.cached_hash = '2a'
def test_match_lead_public(self):
private_tip = Block(CBlock(), None)
private_tip.height = 1
public_tip = Block(CBlock(), None)
public_tip.height = 2
with self.assertRaisesRegexp(ActionException, "private tip.*must >= then public tip.*match.*"):
self.executor.execute(Action.match, private_tip, public_tip)
async def proof_of_work(self):
nonce = 0
tx = None
while True:
h = sha256()
difficulty = consensus.get_difficulty(self.chain_mgr.chain.chain)
target = consensus.STANDARD_TARGET / difficulty
prev_block = self.chain_mgr.chain.chain[-1]
if not tx:
# Poll transaction updates
tx = self.pop_transaction()
block = Block(
**{
'index': prev_block.index + 1,
'timestamp': time.time(),
'data': {
'transactions': [tx.__dict__]
} if tx else 'mining test',
'prev_hash': prev_block.hash,
'difficulty': difficulty,
})
logger.info('Tx: {}'.format(tx))
h.update('{}{}{}'.format(prev_block, block, nonce).encode('utf8'))
hash_value = int(h.hexdigest(), 16)
logger.info(
'Hashed block{}@ difficulty={} nonce={} result={}'.format(
block.index, difficulty, nonce, h.hexdigest()))
if hash_value < target:
logger.info(
'solution found! {} @ target: {}, index: {}'.format(
nonce, target, block.index))
block.nonce = nonce
return block
await asyncio.sleep(1) # 1h/s
nonce += 1
def test_adopt_same_height(self):
private_tip = Block(CBlock(), None)
private_tip.height = 2
public_tip = Block(CBlock(), None)
public_tip.height = 2
with self.assertRaisesRegexp(ActionException, "public tip.*must > then private tip.*adopt.*"):
self.executor.execute(Action.adopt, private_tip, public_tip)
def test_override_same_height(self):
private_tip = Block(CBlock(), None)
private_tip.height = 2
public_tip = Block(CBlock(), None)
public_tip.height = 2
with self.assertRaisesRegexp(ActionException, "private tip.*must > then public tip.*override.*"):
self.executor.execute(Action.override, private_tip, public_tip)
def test_insert_block_initializing_false(self):
prevBlock = Block(CBlock(), BlockOrigin.private)
prevBlock.cached_hash = 'hash2'
prevBlock.height = 45
block = Block(CBlock(), BlockOrigin.private)
block.cached_hash = 'hash1'
self.chain.tips = [prevBlock]
self.chain.initializing = False
self.chain.insert_block(prevBlock, block)
retrieved_block = self.chain.tips[0]
self.assertEqual(retrieved_block, block)
self.assertEqual(retrieved_block.transfer_allowed, False)
def handle_receive_latest_block(self, block: dict) -> None:
peer_block = Block.deserialize(block)
latest_block = self.blockchain.latest_block
is_added = self.blockchain.add_block(peer_block)
if is_added:
self.server.broadcast_message(
Message.send_latest_block(peer_block))
elif latest_block.index < peer_block.index:
# peer is longer, ask for blockchain
logger.debug("Having no latest block. Asking for blockchain")
self.server.broadcast_message(Message.get_blockchain())
else:
# I'm on the edge!
pass
self.transport.close()
def recv_broad_transaction():
"""接收交易、广播交易的进程"""
while self.server_flag: # 阻塞在取trans的地方
node, msg = M_mailbox.get()
if msg.type == "PUT":
if msg.command == "TRANS":
trans = Transaction.load(msg.data)
if trans != self.trans_later and self.add_trans(trans):
self.trans_later = trans
NetworkRouting.get_instance().broad_a_msg(
msg) # 广播交易
elif msg.command == "BLOCK": # 其它进程先挖到，暂停挖矿
block = Block.load(msg.data)
if self.block_later != block and Verify.verify_new_block(
block) and FullBlockChain.get_instance(
).get_top_hash() == block.get_hash():
self.accept_block(block)
def test_getdata_message_cblock_not_available(self):
cblock = CBlock()
hash_ = cblock.GetHash()
block = Block(cblock, BlockOrigin.private)
message = messages.msg_getdata()
cInv = CInv()
cInv.type = networking.inv_typemap['Block']
cInv.hash = hash_
message.inv = [cInv]
self.chain.blocks = {hash_: block}
self.networking.deferred_block_requests = {}
self.networking.getdata_message(self.public_connection1, message)
self.assertFalse(self.public_connection1.called)
self.assertIn(hash_, self.networking.deferred_block_requests)
self.assertIn(self.public_connection1.host[0],
self.networking.deferred_block_requests[hash_])
def main():
blockchain = Blockchain()
database = ["hello", "goodbye", "test", "DATA here", "test2"]
num = 0
for data in database:
num += 1
blockchain.mine(Block(num, data=data))
for block in blockchain.chain:
print(block)
print(blockchain.isValid())
# i try to change data in blck number 2 without valid nonce
blockchain.chain[2].data = "NEW DATA"
blockchain.mine(blockchain.chain[2])
print(blockchain.isValid())
def test_send_inv_public_blocks(self):
block1 = Block(CBlock(), BlockOrigin.public)
block1.cached_hash = 'hash1'
block2 = Block(CBlock(), BlockOrigin.public)
block2.cached_hash = 'hash2'
self.networking.send_inv([block1, block2])
self.assertFalse(self.public_connection1.send.called)
self.assertFalse(self.public_connection2.send.called)
self.assertTrue(self.private_connection.send.called)
inv = self.private_connection.send.call_args[0][1].inv
self.assertEqual(len(inv), 2)
def test_insert_block(self):
prevBlock = Block(CBlock(), BlockOrigin.private)
prevBlock.cached_hash = 'hash2'
prevBlock.height = 45
block = Block(CBlock(), BlockOrigin.private)
block.cached_hash = 'hash1'
self.chain.tips = [prevBlock]
self.chain.insert_block(prevBlock, block)
self.assertFalse(prevBlock in self.chain.tips)
self.assertEqual(len(self.chain.tips), 1)
retrieved_block = self.chain.tips[0]
self.assertEqual(retrieved_block, block)
self.assertEqual(retrieved_block.prevBlock, prevBlock)
self.assertEqual(retrieved_block.height, 46)