def terminatedByControlledSearch(self, index):
activations1 = applyManipulation(self.activations, self.spans[index],
self.numSpans[index])
(distMethod, distVal) = cfg.controlledSearch
if distMethod == "euclidean":
dist = basics.euclideanDistance(activations1, self.activations)
elif distMethod == "L1":
dist = basics.l1Distance(activations1, self.activations)
elif distMethod == "Percentage":
dist = basics.diffPercent(activations1, self.activations)
elif distMethod == "NumDiffs":
dist = basics.diffPercent(activations1, self.activations)
basics.nprint("terminated by controlled search")
return dist > distVal
def splitImages(self, remainImages):
if remainImages != []:
newSet = [remainImages[0]]
remainImages.pop(0)
similarIndex = []
for i in range(len(remainImages)):
if l1Distance(remainImages[i], self.image) < self.localdist[1]:
newSet.append(remainImages[i])
similarIndex.append(i)
similarIndex = sorted(similarIndex, reverse=True)
for i in similarIndex:
remainImages.pop(i)
self.advSets.append(newSet)
self.splitImages(remainImages)
def reportInfo(image, wk):
# exit only when we find an adversarial example
if wk == []:
print "(5) no adversarial example is found in this round."
return (False, 0, 0, 0, 0)
else:
print "(5) an adversarial example has been found."
image0 = wk[0]
eudist = basics.euclideanDistance(image, image0)
l1dist = basics.l1Distance(image, image0)
l0dist = basics.l0Distance(image, image0)
percent = basics.diffPercent(image, image0)
return (True, percent, eudist, l1dist, l0dist)
def terminatedByControlledSearch(self, index):
image1 = applyManipulation(self.image, self.spans[index],
self.numSpans[index])
(distMethod, distVal) = cfg.controlledSearch
if distMethod == "euclidean":
dist = basics.euclideanDistance(image1, self.image)
elif distMethod == "L1":
dist = basics.l1Distance(image1, self.image)
elif distMethod == "Percentage":
dist = basics.diffPercent(image1, self.image)
elif distMethod == "NumDiffs":
dist = basics.diffPercent(image1, self.image)
print "terminated by controlled search"
return dist > distVal
def sampleNext(self, spansPath, numSpansPath, depth, availableActionIDs,
usedActionIDs):
#print spansPath.keys()
image1 = applyManipulation(self.image, spansPath, numSpansPath)
(newClass, newConfident) = self.model.predict(image1)
#print euclideanDistance(self.image,image1), newConfident, newClass
(distMethod, distVal) = cfg.controlledSearch
if distMethod == "euclidean":
dist = basics.euclideanDistance(image1, self.image)
termValue = 0.0
termByDist = dist > distVal
elif distMethod == "L1":
dist = basics.l1Distance(image1, self.image)
termValue = 0.0
termByDist = dist > distVal
elif distMethod == "Percentage":
dist = basics.diffPercent(image1, self.image)
termValue = 0.0
termByDist = dist > distVal
elif distMethod == "NumDiffs":
dist = basics.diffPercent(image1, self.image) * self.image.size
termValue = 0.0
termByDist = dist > distVal
if newClass != self.originalClass:
print("sampling a path ends in a terminal node with depth %s... " %
depth)
if self.bestCase[0] < dist:
self.bestCase = (dist, spansPath, numSpansPath)
return (depth == 0, dist)
elif termByDist == True:
print(
"sampling a path ends by controlled search with depth %s ... "
% depth)
return (depth == 0, termValue)
else:
randomActionIndex = random.choice(
list(set(availableActionIDs) - set(usedActionIDs))
) #random.randint(0, len(allChildren)-1)
(span, numSpan, _) = self.actions[randomActionIndex]
availableActionIDs.remove(randomActionIndex)
usedActionIDs.append(randomActionIndex)
#print span.keys()
newSpanPath = self.mergeSpan(spansPath, span)
newNumSpanPath = self.mergeNumSpan(numSpansPath, numSpan)
return self.sampleNext(newSpanPath, newNumSpanPath, depth + 1,
availableActionIDs, usedActionIDs)
def l1Dist(self, index):
activations1 = applyManipulation(self.activations, self.spans[index],
self.numSpans[index])
return basics.l1Distance(self.activations, activations1)
def sampleNext(self, k):
#print("k=%s"%k)
#for j in self.keypoints:
# print(len(self.availableActionIDs[j]))
#print("oooooooo")
activations1 = applyManipulation(self.activations, self.spansPath,
self.numSpansPath)
(newClass, newConfident) = self.predictWithActivations(activations1)
(distMethod, distVal) = cfg.controlledSearch
if distMethod == "euclidean":
dist = basics.euclideanDistance(activations1, self.activations)
termValue = 0.0
termByDist = dist > distVal
elif distMethod == "L1":
dist = basics.l1Distance(activations1, self.activations)
termValue = 0.0
termByDist = dist > distVal
elif distMethod == "Percentage":
dist = basics.diffPercent(activations1, self.activations)
termValue = 0.0
termByDist = dist > distVal
elif distMethod == "NumDiffs":
dist = basics.diffPercent(activations1,
self.activations) * self.activations.size
termValue = 0.0
termByDist = dist > distVal
#if termByDist == False and newConfident < 0.5 and self.depth <= 3:
# termByDist = True
#self.re_training.addDatum(activations1,self.originalClass,newClass)
if newClass != self.originalClass and newConfident > effectiveConfidenceWhenChanging:
# and newClass == dataBasics.next_index(self.originalClass,self.originalClass):
basics.nprint(
"sampling a path ends in a terminal node with self.depth %s... "
% self.depth)
#print("L1 distance: %s"%(l1Distance(self.activations,activations1)))
#print(self.activations.shape)
#print(activations1.shape)
#print("L1 distance with KL: %s"%(withKL(l1Distance(self.activations,activations1),self.activations,activations1)))
(self.spansPath,
self.numSpansPath) = self.scrutinizePath(self.spansPath,
self.numSpansPath,
newClass)
#self.decisionTree.addOnePath(dist,self.spansPath,self.numSpansPath)
self.numAdv += 1
#self.analyseAdv.addAdv(activations1)
self.getUsefulPixels(self.accDims, self.d)
self.re_training.addDatum(activations1, self.originalClass,
newClass)
if self.bestCase[0] < dist:
self.numConverge += 1
self.bestCase = (dist, self.spansPath, self.numSpansPath)
path0 = "%s/%s_currentBest_%s_as_%s_with_confidence_%s.png" % (
cfg.directory_pic_string, cfg.startIndexOfImage,
self.numConverge, self.dataset.labels(
int(newClass)), newConfident)
self.dataset.save(-1, activations1, path0)
return (self.depth == 0, dist)
elif termByDist == True:
basics.nprint(
"sampling a path ends by controlled search with self.depth %s ... "
% self.depth)
self.re_training.addDatum(activations1, self.originalClass,
newClass)
return (self.depth == 0, termValue)
elif list(
set(self.availableActionIDs[k]) -
set(self.usedActionIDs[k])) == []:
basics.nprint(
"sampling a path ends with self.depth %s because no more actions can be taken ... "
% self.depth)
return (self.depth == 0, termValue)
else:
#print("continue sampling node ... ")
#allChildren = initialisePixelSets(self.model,self.activations,self.spansPath.keys())
randomActionIndex = random.choice(
list(
set(self.availableActionIDs[k]) -
set(self.usedActionIDs[k]))
) #random.randint(0, len(allChildren)-1)
if k == 0:
span = {}
numSpan = {}
else:
(span, numSpan, _) = self.actions[k][randomActionIndex]
self.availableActionIDs[k].remove(randomActionIndex)
self.usedActionIDs[k].append(randomActionIndex)
newSpanPath = self.mergeSpan(self.spansPath, span)
newNumSpanPath = self.mergeNumSpan(self.numSpansPath, numSpan)
activations2 = applyManipulation(self.activations, newSpanPath,
newNumSpanPath)
(newClass2,
newConfident2) = self.predictWithActivations(activations2)
confGap2 = newConfident - newConfident2
if newClass2 == newClass:
self.accDims.append((randomActionIndex, confGap2))
else:
self.accDims.append((randomActionIndex, 1.0))
self.spansPath = newSpanPath
self.numSpansPath = newNumSpanPath
self.depth = self.depth + 1
self.accDims = self.accDims
self.d = self.d
if k == 0:
return self.sampleNext(randomActionIndex)
else:
return self.sampleNext(0)
def handleOne(model, dataset, dc, imgIdx):
print(imgIdx)
# get an image to interpolate
image = dataset.getTestImage(imgIdx)
print("the shape of the input is " + str(image.shape))
if cfg.dataset == "twoDcurve": image = np.array([3.58747339, 1.11101673])
dc.initialiseIndex(imgIdx)
originalImage = copy.deepcopy(image)
if cfg.checkingMode == "stepwise":
k = cfg.startLayer
elif cfg.checkingMode == "specificLayer":
k = cfg.maxLayer
while k <= cfg.maxLayer:
layerType = model.getLayerType(k)
re = False
start_time = time.time()
# only these layers need to be checked
if layerType in ["Convolution2D", "Conv2D", "Dense", "InputLayer"
] and k >= 0:
dc.initialiseLayer(k)
st = SearchTree(image, k)
st.addImages(model, [image])
print(
"\n================================================================"
)
print "\nstart checking the safety of layer " + str(k)
(originalClass, originalConfident) = model.predict(image)
origClassStr = dataset.labels(int(originalClass))
path0 = "%s/%s_original_as_%s_with_confidence_%s.png" % (
cfg.directory_pic_string, imgIdx, origClassStr,
originalConfident)
dataset.save(-1, originalImage, path0)
# for every layer
f = 0
while f < cfg.numOfFeatures:
f += 1
print(
"\n================================================================"
)
print("Round %s of layer %s for image %s" % (f, k, imgIdx))
index = st.getOneUnexplored()
imageIndex = copy.deepcopy(index)
# for every image
# start from the first hidden layer
t = 0
re = False
while True and index != (-1, -1):
# pick the first element of the queue
print "(1) get a manipulated input ..."
(image0, span, numSpan, numDimsToMani,
_) = st.getInfo(index)
print "current layer: %s." % (t)
print "current index: %s." % (str(index))
path2 = cfg.directory_pic_string + "/temp.png"
print "current operated image is saved into %s" % (path2)
dataset.save(index[0], image0, path2)
print "(2) synthesise region from %s..." % (span.keys())
# ne: next region, i.e., e_{k+1}
#print "manipulated: %s"%(st.manipulated[t])
(nextSpan, nextNumSpan,
numDimsToMani) = regionSynth(model, cfg.dataset, image0,
st.manipulated[t], t, span,
numSpan, numDimsToMani)
st.addManipulated(t, nextSpan.keys())
(nextSpan, nextNumSpan,
npre) = precisionSynth(model, image0, t, span, numSpan,
nextSpan, nextNumSpan)
print "dimensions to be considered: %s" % (nextSpan)
print "spans for the dimensions: %s" % (nextNumSpan)
if t == k:
# only after reaching the k layer, it is counted as a pass
print "(3) safety analysis ..."
# wk for the set of counterexamples
# rk for the set of images that need to be considered in the next precision
# rs remembers how many input images have been processed in the last round
# nextSpan and nextNumSpan are revised by considering the precision npre
(nextSpan, nextNumSpan, rs, wk,
rk) = safety_analysis(model, dataset, t, imgIdx, st,
index, nextSpan, nextNumSpan,
npre)
if len(rk) > 0:
rk = (zip(*rk))[0]
print "(4) add new images ..."
random.seed(time.time())
if len(rk) > numOfPointsAfterEachFeature:
rk = random.sample(
rk, numOfPointsAfterEachFeature)
diffs = basics.diffImage(image0, rk[0])
print(
"the dimensions of the images that are changed in the this round: %s"
% diffs)
if len(diffs) == 0:
st.clearManipulated(k)
return
st.addImages(model, rk)
st.removeProcessed(imageIndex)
(re, percent, eudist, l1dist,
l0dist) = reportInfo(image, wk)
print "euclidean distance %s" % (
basics.euclideanDistance(image, rk[0]))
print "L1 distance %s" % (basics.l1Distance(
image, rk[0]))
print "L0 distance %s" % (basics.l0Distance(
image, rk[0]))
print "manipulated percentage distance %s\n" % (
basics.diffPercent(image, rk[0]))
break
else:
st.removeProcessed(imageIndex)
break
else:
print "(3) add new intermediate node ..."
index = st.addIntermediateNode(image0, nextSpan,
nextNumSpan, npre,
numDimsToMani, index)
re = False
t += 1
if re == True:
dc.addManipulationPercentage(percent)
print "euclidean distance %s" % (eudist)
print "L1 distance %s" % (l1dist)
print "L0 distance %s" % (l0dist)
print "manipulated percentage distance %s\n" % (percent)
dc.addEuclideanDistance(eudist)
dc.addl1Distance(l1dist)
dc.addl0Distance(l0dist)
(ocl, ocf) = model.predict(wk[0])
dc.addConfidence(ocf)
break
if f == cfg.numOfFeatures:
print "(6) no adversarial example is found in this layer within the distance restriction."
st.destructor()
elif layerType in ["Input"
] and k < 0 and mcts_mode == "sift_twoPlayer":
print "directly handling the image ... "
dc.initialiseLayer(k)
(originalClass, originalConfident) = model.predict(image)
origClassStr = dataset.labels(int(originalClass))
path0 = "%s/%s_original_as_%s_with_confidence_%s.png" % (
cfg.directory_pic_string, imgIdx, origClassStr,
originalConfident)
dataset.save(-1, originalImage, path0)
# initialise a search tree
st = MCTSTwoPlayer(model, model, image, image, -1, "cooperator",
dataset)
st.initialiseActions()
st.setManipulationType("sift_twoPlayer")
start_time_all = time.time()
runningTime_all = 0
numberOfMoves = 0
while st.terminalNode(
st.rootIndex
) == False and st.terminatedByControlledSearch(
st.rootIndex
) == False and runningTime_all <= cfg.MCTS_all_maximal_time:
print("the number of moves we have made up to now: %s" %
(numberOfMoves))
eudist = st.euclideanDist(st.rootIndex)
l1dist = st.l1Dist(st.rootIndex)
l0dist = st.l0Dist(st.rootIndex)
percent = st.diffPercent(st.rootIndex)
diffs = st.diffImage(st.rootIndex)
print("euclidean distance %s" % (eudist))
print("L1 distance %s" % (l1dist))
print("L0 distance %s" % (l0dist))
print("manipulated percentage distance %s" % (percent))
print("manipulated dimensions %s" % (diffs))
start_time_level = time.time()
runningTime_level = 0
childTerminated = False
while runningTime_level <= cfg.MCTS_level_maximal_time:
(leafNode,
availableActions) = st.treeTraversal(st.rootIndex)
newNodes = st.initialiseExplorationNode(
leafNode, availableActions)
for node in newNodes:
(childTerminated,
value) = st.sampling(node, availableActions)
#if childTerminated == True: break
st.backPropagation(node, value)
#if childTerminated == True: break
runningTime_level = time.time() - start_time_level
basics.nprint("best possible one is %s" %
(str(st.bestCase)))
bestChild = st.bestChild(st.rootIndex)
#st.collectUselessPixels(st.rootIndex)
st.makeOneMove(bestChild)
image1 = st.applyManipulationToGetImage(
st.spans[st.rootIndex], st.numSpans[st.rootIndex])
diffs = st.diffImage(st.rootIndex)
path0 = "%s/%s_temp_%s.png" % (cfg.directory_pic_string,
imgIdx, len(diffs))
dataset.save(-1, image1, path0)
(newClass, newConfident) = model.predict(image1)
print("confidence: %s" % (newConfident))
if childTerminated == True: break
# store the current best
(_, bestSpans, bestNumSpans) = st.bestCase
image1 = st.applyManipulationToGetImage(
bestSpans, bestNumSpans)
path0 = "%s/%s_currentBest.png" % (cfg.directory_pic_string,
imgIdx)
dataset.save(-1, image1, path0)
numberOfMoves += 1
runningTime_all = time.time() - start_time_all
(_, bestSpans, bestNumSpans) = st.bestCase
#image1 = applyManipulation(st.image,st.spans[st.rootIndex],st.numSpans[st.rootIndex])
image1 = st.applyManipulationToGetImage(bestSpans, bestNumSpans)
(newClass, newConfident) = model.predict(image1)
newClassStr = dataset.labels(int(newClass))
re = newClass != originalClass
if re == True:
path0 = "%s/%s_%s_%s_modified_into_%s_with_confidence_%s.png" % (
cfg.directory_pic_string, imgIdx, "sift_twoPlayer",
origClassStr, newClassStr, newConfident)
dataset.save(-1, image1, path0)
path0 = "%s/%s_diff.png" % (cfg.directory_pic_string, imgIdx)
dataset.save(-1, np.subtract(image, image1), path0)
print(
"\nfound an adversary image within prespecified bounded computational resource. The following is its information: "
)
print("difference between images: %s" %
(basics.diffImage(image, image1)))
print("number of adversarial examples found: %s" % (st.numAdv))
eudist = basics.euclideanDistance(st.image, image1)
l1dist = basics.l1Distance(st.image, image1)
l0dist = basics.l0Distance(st.image, image1)
percent = basics.diffPercent(st.image, image1)
print("euclidean distance %s" % (eudist))
print("L1 distance %s" % (l1dist))
print("L0 distance %s" % (l0dist))
print("manipulated percentage distance %s" % (percent))
print("class is changed into %s with confidence %s\n" %
(newClassStr, newConfident))
dc.addRunningTime(time.time() - start_time_all)
dc.addConfidence(newConfident)
dc.addManipulationPercentage(percent)
dc.addEuclideanDistance(eudist)
dc.addl1Distance(l1dist)
dc.addl0Distance(l0dist)
#path0="%s/%s_original_as_%s_heatmap.png"%(directory_pic_string,imgIdx,origClassStr)
#plt.imshow(GMM(image),interpolation='none')
#plt.savefig(path0)
#path1="%s/%s_%s_%s_modified_into_%s_heatmap.png"%(directory_pic_string,imgIdx,"sift_twoPlayer", origClassStr,newClassStr)
#plt.imshow(GMM(image1),interpolation='none')
#plt.savefig(path1)
else:
print(
"\nfailed to find an adversary image within prespecified bounded computational resource. "
)
elif layerType in ["Input"] and k < 0 and mcts_mode == "singlePlayer":
print "directly handling the image ... "
dc.initialiseLayer(k)
(originalClass, originalConfident) = model.predict(image)
origClassStr = dataset.labels(int(originalClass))
path0 = "%s/%s_original_as_%s_with_confidence_%s.png" % (
cfg.directory_pic_string, imgIdx, origClassStr,
originalConfident)
dataset.save(-1, originalImage, path0)
# initialise a search tree
st = SearchMCTS(model, image, k)
st.initialiseActions()
start_time_all = time.time()
runningTime_all = 0
numberOfMoves = 0
while st.terminalNode(
st.rootIndex
) == False and st.terminatedByControlledSearch(
st.rootIndex
) == False and runningTime_all <= cfg.MCTS_all_maximal_time:
print("the number of moves we have made up to now: %s" %
(numberOfMoves))
eudist = st.euclideanDist(st.rootIndex)
l1dist = st.l1Dist(st.rootIndex)
l0dist = st.l0Dist(st.rootIndex)
percent = st.diffPercent(st.rootIndex)
diffs = st.diffImage(st.rootIndex)
print "euclidean distance %s" % (eudist)
print "L1 distance %s" % (l1dist)
print "L0 distance %s" % (l0dist)
print "manipulated percentage distance %s" % (percent)
print "manipulated dimensions %s" % (diffs)
start_time_level = time.time()
runningTime_level = 0
childTerminated = False
while runningTime_level <= cfg.MCTS_level_maximal_time:
(leafNode,
availableActions) = st.treeTraversal(st.rootIndex)
newNodes = st.initialiseExplorationNode(
leafNode, availableActions)
for node in newNodes:
(childTerminated,
value) = st.sampling(node, availableActions)
if childTerminated == True: break
st.backPropagation(node, value)
if childTerminated == True: break
runningTime_level = time.time() - start_time_level
print("best possible one is %s" % (st.showBestCase()))
bestChild = st.bestChild(st.rootIndex)
#st.collectUselessPixels(st.rootIndex)
st.makeOneMove(bestChild)
image1 = applyManipulation(st.image, st.spans[st.rootIndex],
st.numSpans[st.rootIndex])
diffs = st.diffImage(st.rootIndex)
path0 = "%s/%s_temp_%s.png" % (cfg.directory_pic_string,
imgIdx, len(diffs))
dataset.save(-1, image1, path0)
(newClass, newConfident) = model.predict(image1)
print "confidence: %s" % (newConfident)
if childTerminated == True: break
# store the current best
(_, bestSpans, bestNumSpans) = st.bestCase
image1 = applyManipulation(st.image, bestSpans, bestNumSpans)
path0 = "%s/%s_currentBest.png" % (cfg.directory_pic_string,
imgIdx)
dataset.save(-1, image1, path0)
runningTime_all = time.time() - runningTime_all
numberOfMoves += 1
(_, bestSpans, bestNumSpans) = st.bestCase
#image1 = applyManipulation(st.image,st.spans[st.rootIndex],st.numSpans[st.rootIndex])
image1 = applyManipulation(st.image, bestSpans, bestNumSpans)
(newClass, newConfident) = model.predict(image1)
newClassStr = dataset.labels(int(newClass))
re = newClass != originalClass
path0 = "%s/%s_%s_modified_into_%s_with_confidence_%s.png" % (
cfg.directory_pic_string, imgIdx, origClassStr, newClassStr,
newConfident)
dataset.save(-1, image1, path0)
#print np.max(image1), np.min(image1)
print("difference between images: %s" %
(basics.diffImage(image, image1)))
#plt.imshow(image1 * 255, cmap=mpl.cm.Greys)
#plt.show()
if re == True:
eudist = basics.euclideanDistance(st.image, image1)
l1dist = basics.l1Distance(st.image, image1)
l0dist = basics.l0Distance(st.image, image1)
percent = basics.diffPercent(st.image, image1)
print "euclidean distance %s" % (eudist)
print "L1 distance %s" % (l1dist)
print "L0 distance %s" % (l0dist)
print "manipulated percentage distance %s" % (percent)
print "class is changed into %s with confidence %s\n" % (
newClassStr, newConfident)
dc.addEuclideanDistance(eudist)
dc.addl1Distance(l1dist)
dc.addl0Distance(l0dist)
dc.addManipulationPercentage(percent)
st.destructor()
else:
print("layer %s is of type %s, skipping" % (k, layerType))
#return
runningTime = time.time() - start_time
dc.addRunningTime(runningTime)
if re == True and cfg.exitWhen == "foundFirst":
break
k += 1
print("Please refer to the file %s for statistics." % (dc.fileName))
return re
def l1Dist(self, index):
image1 = applyManipulation(self.image, self.spans[index],
self.numSpans[index])
return basics.l1Distance(self.image, image1)
