self.vbo1 = self.ctx.buffer(b''.join(particle() for i in range(1024)))
self.vbo2 = self.ctx.buffer(reserve=self.vbo1.size)
self.vao1 = self.ctx.simple_vertex_array(self.transform, self.vbo1,
'in_pos', 'in_prev')
self.vao2 = self.ctx.simple_vertex_array(self.transform, self.vbo2,
'in_pos', 'in_prev')
self.render_vao = self.ctx.vertex_array(self.prog, [
(self.vbo1, '2f 2x4', 'in_vert'),
])
self.idx = 0
def render(self):
self.ctx.screen.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
# self.ctx.point_size = 2.0
for i in range(8):
self.vbo1.write(particle(), offset=self.idx * 16)
self.idx = (self.idx + 1) % 1024
self.render_vao.render(mgl.POINTS, 1024)
self.vao1.transform(self.vbo2, mgl.POINTS, 1024)
self.ctx.copy_buffer(self.vbo1, self.vbo2)
run_example(Particles)
self.crate_x += np.random.uniform(-0.2, 0.2, 32 * 32)
self.crate_y += np.random.uniform(-0.2, 0.2, 32 * 32)
def render(self):
angle = self.wnd.time * 0.2
width, height = self.wnd.size
self.ctx.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.ctx.enable(moderngl.DEPTH_TEST)
camera_pos = (np.cos(angle) * 5.0, np.sin(angle) * 5.0, 2.0)
proj = Matrix44.perspective_projection(45.0, width / height, 0.1, 1000.0)
lookat = Matrix44.look_at(
camera_pos,
(0.0, 0.0, 0.5),
(0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
)
self.mvp.write((proj * lookat).astype('f4').tobytes())
self.light.value = camera_pos
crate_z = np.sin(self.crate_a * self.wnd.time + self.crate_b) * 0.2
coordinates = np.dstack([self.crate_x, self.crate_y, crate_z])
self.vbo2.write(coordinates.astype('f4').tobytes())
self.vao.render(instances=1024)
run_example(InstancedCrates)
)
self.scale = self.prog['scale']
self.rotation = self.prog['rotation']
width, height = self.wnd.size
self.scale.value = (height / width * 0.75, 0.25)
vertices = np.array([
1.0, 0.0,
-0.5, 0.86,
-0.5, -0.86,
])
self.vbo = self.ctx.buffer(vertices.astype('f4').tobytes())
self.vao = self.ctx.simple_vertex_array(self.prog, self.vbo, 'vert')
def render(self):
sin_scale = np.sin(np.deg2rad(self.wnd.time * 60))
self.ctx.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.vao.render()
self.rotation.value = self.wnd.time
# Change the scale of the triangle sin-ly
self.scale.value = (sin_scale * 0.75, 0.75)
run_example(UniformsAndAttributes)
gl_Position = vec4(in_vert, 0.0, 1.0);
}
''',
fragment_shader='''
#version 330
out vec4 f_color;
void main() {
f_color = vec4(0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 1.0);
}
''',
)
vertices = np.array([
0.0, 0.8,
-0.6, -0.8,
0.6, -0.8,
])
self.vbo = self.ctx.buffer(vertices.astype('f4').tobytes())
self.vao = self.ctx.simple_vertex_array(self.prog, self.vbo, 'in_vert')
def render(self):
self.ctx.screen.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.vao.render()
run_example(HelloWorld)
z.x = x;
z.y = y;
}
f_color = texture(Texture, vec2((i == Iter ? 0.0 : float(i)) / 100.0, 0.0));
}
''',
)
img = Image.open(data.find('pal.png')).convert('RGB')
self.texture = self.ctx.texture(img.size, 3, img.tobytes())
self.sampler = self.ctx.sampler(self.texture)
self.sampler.use()
vertices = np.array([-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 1.0])
self.vbo = self.ctx.buffer(vertices.astype('f4').tobytes())
self.vao = self.ctx.simple_vertex_array(self.prog, self.vbo, 'in_vert')
def render(self):
self.ctx.screen.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.prog['Seed'] = (-0.8, 0.156)
self.prog['Iter'] = 100
self.vao.render(mgl.TRIANGLE_STRIP)
run_example(Fractal)
0.0,
0.0,
1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
0.0,
1.0,
) for car in cars))
self.vao.render(instances=len(cars))
self.vbo2.write(b''.join(
struct.pack(
'15f',
0.0,
0.0,
0.0,
*car['pos'],
1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
0.0,
1.0,
0.0,
0.3,
0.6,
0.0,
) for car in cars))
self.vao.render(instances=len(cars))
run_example(ToyCars)
]
self.vao = self.ctx.vertex_array(self.prog, vao_content, self.ibo)
self.img = Image.open(local('data', 'noise.jpg')).convert('L')
texture = self.ctx.texture(self.img.size, 1, self.img.tobytes())
texture.use()
def render(self):
width, height = self.wnd.size
angle = self.wnd.time * 0.2
self.ctx.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.ctx.enable(moderngl.DEPTH_TEST)
self.ctx.wireframe = True
proj = Matrix44.perspective_projection(45.0, width / height, 0.1,
1000.0)
lookat = Matrix44.look_at(
(np.cos(angle), np.sin(angle), 0.8),
(0.0, 0.0, 0.1),
(0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
)
self.mvp.write((proj * lookat).astype('f4').tobytes())
self.vao.render(moderngl.TRIANGLE_STRIP)
run_example(WireframeTerrain)
self.scale = self.prog['scale']
self.rotation = self.prog['rotation']
width, height = self.wnd.size
self.scale.value = (height / width * 0.75, 0.75)
vertices = np.array([
1.0, 0.0,
1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5,
-0.5, 0.86,
0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.5,
-0.5, -0.86,
0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.5,
])
self.vbo = self.ctx.buffer(vertices.astype('f4').tobytes())
self.vao = self.ctx.simple_vertex_array(self.prog, self.vbo, 'vert', 'vert_color')
def render(self):
self.ctx.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.ctx.enable(moderngl.BLEND)
self.rotation.value = self.wnd.time
self.vao.render(instances=10)
run_example(AlphaBlending)
# There are 2 trianges to render
#
# A, B, C
# B, C, D
render_indicies = np.array([
0, 1, 2,
1, 2, 3
])
self.index_buffer = self.ctx.buffer(render_indicies.astype('i4').tobytes())
# The vao_content is a list of 3-tuples (buffer, format, attribs)
# the format can have an empty or '/v', '/i', '/r' ending.
# '/v' attributes are the default
# '/i` attributes are per instance attributes
# '/r' attributes are default values for the attributes (per render attributes)
vao_content = [
(self.position_vertex_buffer, '2f', 'in_vert'),
(self.color_buffer, '3f', 'in_color'),
(self.pos_scale_buffer, '2f 1f/i', 'in_pos', 'in_scale'),
]
self.vao = self.ctx.vertex_array(self.prog, vao_content, self.index_buffer)
def render(self):
self.ctx.screen.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.vao.render(instances=8)
run_example(InstancedRendering)
self.use_texture.value = False
self.light.value = (67.69, -8.14, 52.49)
self.mvp.write((proj * lookat * rotate).astype('f4').tobytes())
self.color.value = (0.67, 0.49, 0.29)
self.objects['ground'].render()
self.color.value = (0.46, 0.67, 0.29)
self.objects['grass'].render()
self.color.value = (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.objects['billboard'].render()
self.color.value = (0.2, 0.2, 0.2)
self.objects['billboard-holder'].render()
self.use_texture.value = True
if mode == 'render_to_texture':
self.texture1.use()
else:
self.texture2.use()
self.objects['billboard-image'].render()
run_example(RenderToTexture)
varyings=['out_vert']
)
self.transform['Width'] = width
self.transform['Height'] = height
self.texture = self.ctx.texture((width, height), 1, pixels.tobytes(), dtype='f4')
self.texture.swizzle = 'RRR1'
self.sampler = self.ctx.sampler(self.texture)
# self.sampler.filter = (mgl.NEAREST, mgl.NEAREST)
self.sampler.use()
self.vbo = self.ctx.buffer(canvas.tobytes())
self.vao = self.ctx.simple_vertex_array(self.prog, self.vbo, 'in_vert')
self.text = self.ctx.buffer(grid.tobytes())
self.tao = self.ctx.simple_vertex_array(self.transform, self.text, 'in_text')
self.pbo = self.ctx.buffer(reserve=pixels.nbytes)
def render(self):
self.ctx.screen.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.tao.transform(self.pbo)
self.texture.write(self.pbo)
self.vao.render(mgl.TRIANGLE_STRIP)
run_example(Conway)
self.ctx.enable(moderngl.BLEND)
if self.wnd.key_pressed(32):
self.shoot()
for i in range(10):
self.space.step(1 / 60 / 10)
self.prog['Camera'].value = (200, 300, width / 2, height / 2)
bodies = np.array(
[(b.position.x, b.position.y, b.angle, 10, 10, 1, 1, 1, 0)
for b in self.bodies],
dtype='f4')
self.vbo2.write(bodies.tobytes())
self.prog['Texture'].value = 0
self.vao.render(moderngl.TRIANGLE_STRIP, instances=len(self.bodies))
self.vbo2.orphan()
balls = np.array(
[(b.position.x, b.position.y, b.angle, 15, 15, 1, 1, 1, 0)
for b in self.balls],
dtype='f4')
self.vbo2.write(balls.tobytes())
self.prog['Texture'].value = 1
self.vao.render(moderngl.TRIANGLE_STRIP, instances=len(self.balls))
run_example(PymunkExample)
sampler1.use(1)
sampler2.use(2)
sampler3.use(3)
sampler4.use(4)
self.prog['Heightmap'] = 0
self.prog['Color1'] = 1
self.prog['Color2'] = 2
self.prog['Cracks'] = 3
self.prog['Darken'] = 4
def render(self):
angle = self.wnd.time * 0.2
self.ctx.screen.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
with self.ctx.scope(mgl.DEPTH_TEST):
proj = Matrix44.perspective_projection(45.0, self.wnd.ratio, 0.1,
1000.0)
lookat = Matrix44.look_at(
(np.cos(angle), np.sin(angle), 0.8),
(0.0, 0.0, 0.1),
(0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
)
self.prog['Mvp'] = (proj * lookat).astype('f4').tobytes()
self.vao.render(mgl.TRIANGLE_STRIP)
run_example(MultiTextireTerrain)
self.vao3.scope = self.ctx.scope(mgl.DEPTH_TEST, samplers=[(self.sampler2, 0)])
with self.ctx.recorder:
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.vao1.render()
self.vao2.render()
self.vao3.render()
self.bytecode = self.ctx.recorder.dump()
print(self.bytecode)
def render(self):
angle = self.wnd.time
self.ctx.screen.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
camera_pos = (np.cos(angle) * 5.0, np.sin(angle) * 5.0, 2.0)
proj = Matrix44.perspective_projection(45.0, self.wnd.ratio, 0.1, 1000.0)
lookat = Matrix44.look_at(
camera_pos,
(0.0, 0.0, 0.5),
(0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
)
self.prog['Mvp'] = (proj * lookat).astype('f4').tobytes()
self.prog['Light'] = camera_pos
self.ctx.replay(self.bytecode)
run_example(CrateExample)
void main() {
color = vec4(0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 1.0);
}
''',
)
width, height = self.wnd.size
vertices = np.array([
1.0, 0.0,
-0.5, 0.86,
-0.5, -0.86,
])
self.vbo = self.ctx.buffer(vertices.astype('f4').tobytes())
self.vao = self.ctx.simple_vertex_array(self.prog, self.vbo, 'vert')
def render(self):
sin_scale = np.sin(np.deg2rad(self.wnd.time * 60))
self.ctx.screen.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.vao.render()
self.prog['rotation'] = self.wnd.time
# Change the scale of the triangle sin-ly
self.prog['scale'] = (sin_scale * 0.75, 0.75)
run_example(UniformsAndAttributes)
varyings=['out_vert']
)
self.transform['Width'] = width
self.transform['Height'] = height
self.texture = self.ctx.texture((width, height), 1, pixels.tobytes(), dtype='f4')
self.sampler = self.ctx.sampler(self.texture)
# self.sampler.filter = (mgl.NEAREST, mgl.NEAREST)
# self.sampler.swizzle = 'RRR1'
self.sampler.use()
self.vbo = self.ctx.buffer(canvas.tobytes())
self.vao = self.ctx.simple_vertex_array(self.prog, self.vbo, 'in_vert')
self.text = self.ctx.buffer(grid.tobytes())
self.tao = self.ctx.simple_vertex_array(self.transform, self.text, 'in_text')
self.pbo = self.ctx.buffer(reserve=pixels.nbytes)
def render(self):
self.ctx.screen.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.tao.transform(self.pbo)
self.texture.write(self.pbo)
self.vao.render(mgl.TRIANGLE_STRIP)
run_example(Conway)
(0.0, 0.0, 8.0),
(0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
)
rotate = Matrix44.from_z_rotation(np.sin(self.wnd.time) * 0.5 + 0.2)
self.use_texture.value = False
self.light.value = (67.69, -8.14, 52.49)
self.mvp.write((proj * lookat * rotate).astype('f4').tobytes())
self.color.value = (0.67, 0.49, 0.29)
self.objects['ground'].render()
self.color.value = (0.46, 0.67, 0.29)
self.objects['grass'].render()
self.color.value = (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.objects['billboard'].render()
self.color.value = (0.2, 0.2, 0.2)
self.objects['billboard-holder'].render()
self.use_texture.value = True
self.texture.use()
self.objects['billboard-image'].render()
run_example(MatplotlibTexture)
)
width, height = self.wnd.size
self.prog['z_near'] = 0.1
self.prog['z_far'] = 1000.0
self.prog['ratio'] = width / height
self.prog['fovy'] = 60
self.prog['eye'] = (3, 3, 3)
self.prog['center'] = (0, 0, 0)
self.prog['up'] = (0, 0, 1)
grid = []
for i in range(65):
grid.append([i - 32, -32.0, 0.0, i - 32, 32.0, 0.0])
grid.append([-32.0, i - 32, 0.0, 32.0, i - 32, 0.0])
grid = np.array(grid)
self.vbo = self.ctx.buffer(grid.astype('f4').tobytes())
self.vao = self.ctx.simple_vertex_array(self.prog, self.vbo, 'vert')
def render(self):
self.ctx.screen.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.vao.render(mgl.LINES, 65 * 4)
run_example(PerspectiveProjection)
(0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
)
rotate = Matrix44.from_z_rotation(np.sin(self.wnd.time) * 0.5 + 0.2)
self.prog['UseTexture'] = False
self.prog['Light'] = (67.69, -8.14, 52.49)
self.prog['Mvp'] = (proj * lookat * rotate).astype('f4').tobytes()
self.prog['Color'] = (0.67, 0.49, 0.29)
self.objects['ground'].render()
self.prog['Color'] = (0.46, 0.67, 0.29)
self.objects['grass'].render()
self.prog['Color'] = (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.objects['billboard'].render()
self.prog['Color'] = (0.2, 0.2, 0.2)
self.objects['billboard-holder'].render()
self.prog['UseTexture'] = True
# self.texture.use()
self.sampler.use()
self.objects['billboard-image'].render()
run_example(ColorsAndTexture)
vertices = np.array([
0.0, 0.0,
-0.6, -0.8,
0.6, -0.8,
0.6, 0.8,
-0.6, 0.8,
])
# Indecies are given to specify the order of drawing
indecies = np.array([0, 1, 2, 0, 3, 4])
self.vbo = self.ctx.buffer(vertices.astype('f4').tobytes())
self.ibo = self.ctx.buffer(indecies.astype('i4').tobytes())
vao_content = [
# 2 floats are assigned to the 'in' variable named 'in_vert' in the shader code
(self.vbo, '2f', 'in_vert')
]
self.vao = self.ctx.vertex_array(self.prog, vao_content, self.ibo)
def render(self):
self.ctx.screen.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.vao.render()
run_example(IndexBuffer)
)
width, height = self.wnd.size
self.prog['z_near'].value = 0.1
self.prog['z_far'].value = 1000.0
self.prog['ratio'].value = width / height
self.prog['fovy'].value = 60
self.prog['eye'].value = (3, 3, 3)
self.prog['center'].value = (0, 0, 0)
self.prog['up'].value = (0, 0, 1)
grid = []
for i in range(65):
grid.append([i - 32, -32.0, 0.0, i - 32, 32.0, 0.0])
grid.append([-32.0, i - 32, 0.0, 32.0, i - 32, 0.0])
grid = np.array(grid)
self.vbo = self.ctx.buffer(grid.astype('f4').tobytes())
self.vao = self.ctx.simple_vertex_array(self.prog, self.vbo, 'vert')
def render(self):
self.ctx.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.vao.render(moderngl.LINES, 65 * 4)
run_example(PerspectiveProjection)
sticker_vertices.T.astype('f4').tobytes())
self.sticker_vao = self.ctx.simple_vertex_array(
self.prog, self.sticker_vbo, 'in_vert', 'in_norm', 'in_text')
def render(self):
self.ctx.screen.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.bg_sampler.use()
with self.ctx.scope(mgl.BLEND):
self.canvas_vao.render(mgl.TRIANGLE_STRIP)
with self.ctx.scope(mgl.DEPTH_TEST):
proj = Matrix44.perspective_projection(30.0, self.wnd.ratio, 1.0,
1000.0)
lookat = Matrix44.look_at(
(46.748, -280.619, 154.391),
(-23.844, 2.698, 44.493),
(0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
)
self.prog['Mvp'] = (proj * lookat).astype('f4').tobytes()
self.prog['Light'] = (-143.438, -159.072, 213.268)
self.mug_sampler.use()
self.mug_vao.render()
with self.ctx.scope(mgl.DEPTH_TEST | mgl.BLEND):
self.sticker_sampler.use()
self.sticker_vao.render(mgl.TRIANGLE_STRIP)
run_example(MugExample)
self.texture = self.ctx.texture(self.wood.size, 3, self.wood.tobytes())
self.texture.build_mipmaps()
self.vbo = self.ctx.buffer(self.obj.pack('vx vy vz nx ny nz tx ty'))
self.vao = self.ctx.simple_vertex_array(self.prog, self.vbo, 'in_vert',
'in_norm', 'in_text')
def render(self):
width, height = self.wnd.size
self.ctx.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.ctx.enable(moderngl.DEPTH_TEST)
proj = Matrix44.perspective_projection(45.0, width / height, 0.1,
1000.0)
lookat = Matrix44.look_at(
(-85, -180, 140),
(0.0, 0.0, 65.0),
(0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
)
self.light.value = (-140.0, -300.0, 350.0)
self.color.value = (1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.25)
self.mvp.write((proj * lookat).astype('f4').tobytes())
self.texture.use()
self.vao.render()
run_example(LoadingOBJ)
self.transform['Acc'] = (0.0, -0.0001)
self.vbo1 = self.ctx.buffer(b''.join(particle() for i in range(1024)))
self.vbo2 = self.ctx.buffer(reserve=self.vbo1.size)
self.vao1 = self.ctx.simple_vertex_array(self.transform, self.vbo1, 'in_pos', 'in_prev')
self.vao2 = self.ctx.simple_vertex_array(self.transform, self.vbo2, 'in_pos', 'in_prev')
self.render_vao = self.ctx.vertex_array(self.prog, [
(self.vbo1, '2f 2x4', 'in_vert'),
])
self.idx = 0
def render(self):
self.ctx.screen.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
# self.ctx.point_size = 2.0
for i in range(8):
self.vbo1.write(particle(), offset=self.idx * 16)
self.idx = (self.idx + 1) % 1024
self.render_vao.render(mgl.POINTS, 1024)
self.vao1.transform(self.vbo2, mgl.POINTS, 1024)
self.ctx.copy_buffer(self.vbo1, self.vbo2)
run_example(Particles)
in vec3 v_color;
out vec4 f_color;
void main() {
// We're not interested in changing the alpha value
f_color = vec4(v_color, 1.0);
}
''',
)
# Point coordinates are put followed by the vec3 color values
vertices = np.array([
# x, y, red, green, blue
0.0, 0.8, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
-0.6, -0.8, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0,
0.6, -0.8, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0,
])
self.vbo = self.ctx.buffer(vertices.astype('f4').tobytes())
# We control the 'in_vert' and `in_color' variables
self.vao = self.ctx.simple_vertex_array(self.prog, self.vbo, 'in_vert', 'in_color')
def render(self):
self.ctx.screen.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.vao.render()
run_example(SimpleColorTriangle)
)
rotate = Matrix44.from_z_rotation(
np.sin(self.wnd.time) * 0.5 + 0.2)
self.prog['UseTexture'] = False
self.prog['Light'] = (67.69, -8.14, 52.49)
self.prog['Mvp'] = (proj * lookat * rotate).astype('f4').tobytes()
self.prog['Color'] = (0.67, 0.49, 0.29)
self.objects['ground'].render()
self.prog['Color'] = (0.46, 0.67, 0.29)
self.objects['grass'].render()
self.prog['Color'] = (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.objects['billboard'].render()
self.prog['Color'] = (0.2, 0.2, 0.2)
self.objects['billboard-holder'].render()
self.prog['UseTexture'] = True
# self.texture.use()
self.sampler.use()
self.objects['billboard-image'].render()
run_example(ColorsAndTexture)
#version 330
out vec4 f_color;
void main() {
f_color = vec4(0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 1.0);
}
''',
)
self.vbo = self.ctx.buffer(grid(15, 10).astype('f4').tobytes())
self.vao = self.ctx.simple_vertex_array(self.prog, self.vbo, 'in_vert')
def render(self):
self.ctx.screen.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
with self.ctx.scope(mgl.DEPTH_TEST):
proj = Matrix44.perspective_projection(45.0, self.wnd.ratio, 0.1,
1000.0)
lookat = Matrix44.look_at(
(40.0, 30.0, 30.0),
(0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
(0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
)
self.prog['Mvp'] = (proj * lookat).astype('f4').tobytes()
self.vao.render(mgl.LINES)
run_example(SimpleGrid)
''',
)
width, height = self.wnd.size
self.prog['scale'] = (height / width * 0.75, 0.75)
vertices = np.array([
1.0, 0.0,
1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5,
-0.5, 0.86,
0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.5,
-0.5, -0.86,
0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.5,
])
self.vbo = self.ctx.buffer(vertices.astype('f4').tobytes())
self.vao = self.ctx.simple_vertex_array(self.prog, self.vbo, 'vert', 'vert_color')
self.blend = self.ctx.scope(enable_only=mgl.BLEND)
def render(self):
self.ctx.screen.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.prog['rotation'] = self.wnd.time
with self.blend:
self.vao.render(instances=10)
run_example(AlphaBlending)
camera_pos,
(0.0, 0.0, 0.5),
(0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
)
self.prog['Mvp'] = (proj * lookat).astype('f4').tobytes()
self.prog['Light'] = camera_pos
# self.vbo2.write(Matrix33.from_z_rotation(self.wnd.time).astype('f4').tobytes(), offset=24)
self.vbo2.write(b''.join(struct.pack(
'15f',
*car['color'],
*car['pos'],
1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
0.0, 1.0, 0.0,
0.0, 0.0, 1.0,
) for car in cars))
self.vao.render(instances=len(cars))
self.vbo2.write(b''.join(struct.pack(
'15f',
0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
*car['pos'],
1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
0.0, 1.0, 0.0,
0.3, 0.6, 0.0,
) for car in cars))
self.vao.render(instances=len(cars))
run_example(ToyCars)
z.y = y;
}
f_color = texture(Texture, vec2((i == Iter ? 0.0 : float(i)) / 100.0, 0.0));
}
''')
img = Image.open(data.find('pal.png')).convert('RGB')
self.texture = self.ctx.texture(img.size, 3, img.tobytes())
self.sampler = self.ctx.sampler(self.texture)
self.sampler.use()
vertices = np.array([-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 1.0])
self.vbo = self.ctx.buffer(vertices.astype('f4').tobytes())
self.vao = self.ctx.simple_vertex_array(self.prog, self.vbo, 'in_vert')
def render(self):
self.ctx.screen.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.prog['Center'] = (0.5, 0.0)
self.prog['Iter'] = 100
self.prog['Scale'] = 1.5
self.prog['Ratio'] = self.wnd.ratio
self.vao.render(mgl.TRIANGLE_STRIP)
run_example(Fractal)
0.0,
0.8,
1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
-0.6,
-0.8,
0.0,
1.0,
0.0,
0.6,
-0.8,
0.0,
0.0,
1.0,
])
self.vbo = self.ctx.buffer(vertices.astype('f4').tobytes())
# We control the 'in_vert' and `in_color' variables
self.vao = self.ctx.simple_vertex_array(self.prog, self.vbo, 'in_vert',
'in_color')
def render(self):
self.ctx.screen.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.vao.render()
run_example(SimpleColorTriangle)
# Index buffer (also called element buffer)
# There are 2 trianges to render
#
# A, B, C
# B, C, D
render_indicies = np.array([0, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3])
self.index_buffer = self.ctx.buffer(
render_indicies.astype('i4').tobytes())
# The vao_content is a list of 3-tuples (buffer, format, attribs)
# the format can have an empty or '/v', '/i', '/r' ending.
# '/v' attributes are the default
# '/i` attributes are per instance attributes
# '/r' attributes are default values for the attributes (per render attributes)
vao_content = [
(self.position_vertex_buffer, '2f', 'in_vert'),
(self.color_buffer, '3f', 'in_color'),
(self.pos_scale_buffer, '2f 1f/i', 'in_pos', 'in_scale'),
]
self.vao = self.ctx.vertex_array(self.prog, vao_content,
self.index_buffer)
def render(self):
self.ctx.screen.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.vao.render(instances=8)
run_example(InstancedRendering)
fragment_shader='''
#version 330
out vec4 f_color;
void main() {
f_color = vec4(0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 1.0);
}
''',
)
self.vbo = self.ctx.buffer(grid(15, 10).astype('f4').tobytes())
self.vao = self.ctx.simple_vertex_array(self.prog, self.vbo, 'in_vert')
def render(self):
self.ctx.screen.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
with self.ctx.scope(mgl.DEPTH_TEST):
proj = Matrix44.perspective_projection(45.0, self.wnd.ratio, 0.1, 1000.0)
lookat = Matrix44.look_at(
(40.0, 30.0, 30.0),
(0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
(0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
)
self.prog['Mvp'] = (proj * lookat).astype('f4').tobytes()
self.vao.render(mgl.LINES)
run_example(SimpleGrid)
-0.6,
-0.8,
0.6,
-0.8,
0.6,
0.8,
-0.6,
0.8,
])
# Indecies are given to specify the order of drawing
indecies = np.array([0, 1, 2, 0, 3, 4])
self.vbo = self.ctx.buffer(vertices.astype('f4').tobytes())
self.ibo = self.ctx.buffer(indecies.astype('i4').tobytes())
vao_content = [
# 2 floats are assigned to the 'in' variable named 'in_vert' in the shader code
(self.vbo, '2f', 'in_vert')
]
self.vao = self.ctx.vertex_array(self.prog, vao_content, self.ibo)
def render(self):
self.ctx.screen.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.vao.render()
run_example(IndexBuffer)
fragment_shader='''
#version 330
out vec4 f_color;
void main() {
f_color = vec4(0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 1.0);
}
''',
)
vertices = np.array([
0.0,
0.8,
-0.6,
-0.8,
0.6,
-0.8,
])
self.vbo = self.ctx.buffer(vertices.astype('f4').tobytes())
self.vao = self.ctx.simple_vertex_array(self.prog, self.vbo, 'in_vert')
def render(self):
self.ctx.screen.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.vao.render()
run_example(HelloWorld)
obj = Obj.open(local('data', 'crate.obj'))
img = Image.open(local('data', 'crate.png')).transpose(Image.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM).convert('RGB')
self.texture = self.ctx.texture(img.size, 3, img.tobytes())
self.texture.use()
self.vbo = self.ctx.buffer(obj.pack('vx vy vz nx ny nz tx ty'))
self.vao = self.ctx.simple_vertex_array(self.prog, self.vbo, 'in_vert', 'in_norm', 'in_text')
def render(self):
angle = self.wnd.time
self.ctx.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
self.ctx.enable(moderngl.DEPTH_TEST)
camera_pos = (np.cos(angle) * 5.0, np.sin(angle) * 5.0, 2.0)
proj = Matrix44.perspective_projection(45.0, self.wnd.ratio, 0.1, 1000.0)
lookat = Matrix44.look_at(
camera_pos,
(0.0, 0.0, 0.5),
(0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
)
self.mvp.write((proj * lookat).astype('f4').tobytes())
self.light.value = camera_pos
self.vao.render()
run_example(CrateExample)
import moderngl
from example_window import Example, run_example
class EmptyWindow(Example):
def __init__(self):
self.ctx = moderngl.create_context()
def render(self):
self.ctx.viewport = self.wnd.viewport
self.ctx.clear(0.2, 0.4, 0.7)
run_example(EmptyWindow)
