def _execute(self, x):
#----------------------------------------------------
# similar algorithm to that within self.stop_training()
# refer there for notes & comments on code
#----------------------------------------------------
N = self.data.shape[0]
Nx = x.shape[0]
W = numx.zeros((Nx, N), dtype=self.dtype)
k, r = self.k, self.r
d_out = self.output_dim
Q_diag_idx = numx.arange(k)
for row in range(Nx):
#find nearest neighbors of x in M
M_xi = self.data - x[row]
nbrs = numx.argsort((M_xi**2).sum(1))[:k]
M_xi = M_xi[nbrs]
#find corrected covariance matrix Q
Q = mult(M_xi, M_xi.T)
if r is None and k > d_out:
sig2 = (svd(M_xi, compute_uv=0))**2
r = numx.sum(sig2[d_out:])
Q[Q_diag_idx, Q_diag_idx] += r
if r is not None:
Q[Q_diag_idx, Q_diag_idx] += r
#solve for weights
w = self._refcast(numx_linalg.solve(Q, numx.ones(k)))
w /= w.sum()
W[row, nbrs] = w
#multiply weights by result of SVD from training
return numx.dot(W, self.training_projection)
def _execute(self, x):
#----------------------------------------------------
# similar algorithm to that within self.stop_training()
# refer there for notes & comments on code
#----------------------------------------------------
N = self.data.shape[0]
Nx = x.shape[0]
W = numx.zeros((Nx, N), dtype=self.dtype)
k, r = self.k, self.r
d_out = self.output_dim
Q_diag_idx = numx.arange(k)
for row in range(Nx):
#find nearest neighbors of x in M
M_xi = self.data-x[row]
nbrs = numx.argsort( (M_xi**2).sum(1) )[:k]
M_xi = M_xi[nbrs]
#find corrected covariance matrix Q
Q = mult(M_xi, M_xi.T)
if r is None and k > d_out:
sig2 = (svd(M_xi, compute_uv=0))**2
r = numx.sum(sig2[d_out:])
Q[Q_diag_idx, Q_diag_idx] += r
if r is not None:
Q[Q_diag_idx, Q_diag_idx] += r
#solve for weights
w = self._refcast(numx_linalg.solve(Q , numx.ones(k)))
w /= w.sum()
W[row, nbrs] = w
#multiply weights by result of SVD from training
return numx.dot(W, self.training_projection)
def _label(self, x):
"""Label the data by comparison with the reference points."""
square_distances = (x * x).sum(1)[:, numx.newaxis] + (self.samples * self.samples).sum(1)
square_distances -= 2 * numx.dot(x, self.samples.T)
min_inds = square_distances.argsort()
win_inds = [numx.bincount(self.sample_label_indices[indices[0 : self.k]]).argmax(0) for indices in min_inds]
labels = [self.ordered_labels[i] for i in win_inds]
return labels
def _label(self, x):
"""
:param x: A matrix having different variables on different columns
and observations on the rows.
:type x: numpy.ndarray
:return: An array with class labels from the perceptron.
:rtype: numpy.ndarray
"""
# todo: consider iterables
return numx.sign(numx.dot(x, self.weights) + self.offset_weight)
def _label(self, x):
"""Label the data by comparison with the reference points."""
square_distances = (x*x).sum(1)[:, numx.newaxis] \
+ (self.samples*self.samples).sum(1)
square_distances -= 2 * numx.dot(x, self.samples.T)
min_inds = square_distances.argsort()
win_inds = [
numx.bincount(
self.sample_label_indices[indices[0:self.k]]).argmax(0)
for indices in min_inds
]
labels = [self.ordered_labels[i] for i in win_inds]
return labels
def _alt_sfa2_grad(self, x):
"""Reference grad method based on quadratic forms."""
# note that the H and f arrays are cached in the node and remain even
# after the extension has been deactivated
if not hasattr(self, "__gradient_Hs"):
quad_forms = [
self.get_quadratic_form(i) for i in range(self.output_dim)
]
self.__gradient_Hs = numx.vstack(
(quad_form.H[numx.newaxis] for quad_form in quad_forms))
self.__gradient_fs = numx.vstack(
(quad_form.f[numx.newaxis] for quad_form in quad_forms))
grad = (numx.dot(x, self.__gradient_Hs) + numx.repeat(
self.__gradient_fs[numx.newaxis, :, :], len(x), axis=0))
return grad
def _alt_sfa2_grad(self, x):
"""Reference grad method based on quadratic forms."""
# note that the H and f arrays are cached in the node and remain even
# after the extension has been deactivated
if not hasattr(self, "__gradient_Hs"):
quad_forms = [self.get_quadratic_form(i)
for i in range(self.output_dim)]
self.__gradient_Hs = numx.vstack((quad_form.H[numx.newaxis]
for quad_form in quad_forms))
self.__gradient_fs = numx.vstack((quad_form.f[numx.newaxis]
for quad_form in quad_forms))
grad = (numx.dot(x, self.__gradient_Hs) +
numx.repeat(self.__gradient_fs[numx.newaxis,:,:],
len(x), axis=0))
return grad
def test_switchboard_gradient2(self):
"""Test gradient for a larger switchboard."""
dim = 100
connections = [int(i) for i in numx.random.random((dim,)) * (dim-1)]
sboard = mdp.hinet.Switchboard(input_dim=dim, connections=connections)
x = numx.random.random((10, dim))
# assume a 5-dimensional gradient at this stage
grad = numx.random.random((10, dim, 5))
# original reference implementation
def _switchboard_grad(self, x):
grad = numx.zeros((self.output_dim, self.input_dim))
grad[range(self.output_dim), self.connections] = 1
return numx.tile(grad, (len(x), 1, 1))
with mdp.extension("gradient"):
result = sboard._gradient(x, grad)
ext_grad = result[1]["grad"]
tmp_grad = _switchboard_grad(sboard, x)
ref_grad = numx.asarray([numx.dot(tmp_grad[i], grad[i])
for i in range(len(tmp_grad))])
assert numx.all(ext_grad == ref_grad)
def test_switchboard_gradient2(self):
"""Test gradient for a larger switchboard."""
dim = 100
connections = [int(i) for i in numx.random.random((dim, )) * (dim - 1)]
sboard = mdp.hinet.Switchboard(input_dim=dim, connections=connections)
x = numx.random.random((10, dim))
# assume a 5-dimensional gradient at this stage
grad = numx.random.random((10, dim, 5))
# original reference implementation
def _switchboard_grad(self, x):
grad = numx.zeros((self.output_dim, self.input_dim))
grad[range(self.output_dim), self.connections] = 1
return numx.tile(grad, (len(x), 1, 1))
with mdp.extension("gradient"):
result = sboard._gradient(x, grad)
ext_grad = result[1]["grad"]
tmp_grad = _switchboard_grad(sboard, x)
ref_grad = numx.asarray(
[numx.dot(tmp_grad[i], grad[i]) for i in range(len(tmp_grad))])
assert numx.all(ext_grad == ref_grad)
def _label_one(self, pattern, threshold):
pattern = mdp.utils.bool_to_sign(pattern)
has_converged = False
while not has_converged:
has_converged = True
iter_order = range(len(self._weight_matrix))
if self._shuffled_update:
numx_rand.shuffle(iter_order)
for row in iter_order:
w_row = self._weight_matrix[row]
thresh_row = threshold[row]
new_pattern_row = numx.sign(numx.dot(w_row, pattern) - thresh_row)
if new_pattern_row == 0:
# Following McKay, Neural Networks, we do nothing
# when the new pattern is zero
pass
elif pattern[row] != new_pattern_row:
has_converged = False
pattern[row] = new_pattern_row
return mdp.utils.sign_to_bool(pattern)
def _label_one(self, pattern, threshold):
pattern = mdp.utils.bool_to_sign(pattern)
has_converged = False
while not has_converged:
has_converged = True
iter_order = range(len(self._weight_matrix))
if self._shuffled_update:
numx_rand.shuffle(iter_order)
for row in iter_order:
w_row = self._weight_matrix[row]
thresh_row = threshold[row]
new_pattern_row = numx.sign(
numx.dot(w_row, pattern) - thresh_row)
if new_pattern_row == 0:
# Following McKay, Neural Networks, we do nothing
# when the new pattern is zero
pass
elif pattern[row] != new_pattern_row:
has_converged = False
pattern[row] = new_pattern_row
return mdp.utils.sign_to_bool(pattern)
def _label(self, x):
"""Returns an array with class labels from the perceptron.
"""
return numx.sign(numx.dot(x, self.weights) + self.offset_weight)
def _label(self, x):
"""Returns an array with class labels from the perceptron.
"""
return numx.sign(numx.dot(x, self.weights) + self.offset_weight)
def _execute(self, x):
return numx.dot(x, numx.ones((self.input_dim, self.output_dim)))