def extract_fundi(folds, curv_file, depth_file, min_separation=10,
erode_ratio=0.1, erode_min_size=1, save_file=False,
output_file='', background_value=-1, verbose=False):
"""
Extract fundi from folds.
A fundus is a branching curve that runs along the deepest and most highly
curved portions of a fold. This function extracts one fundus from each
fold by finding the deepest vertices inside the fold, finding endpoints
along the edge of the fold, and connecting the former to the latter with
tracks that run along deep and curved paths (through vertices with high
values of travel depth multiplied by curvature), and a final filtration
step.
The deepest vertices are those with values at least two median
absolute deviations above the median (non-zero) value, with the higher
value chosen if two of the vertices are within (a default of) 10 edges
from each other (to reduce the number of possible fundus paths as well
as computation time).
To find the endpoints, the find_outer_endpoints function propagates
multiple tracks from seed vertices at median depth in the fold through
concentric rings toward the fold’s edge, selecting maximal values within
each ring, and terminating at candidate endpoints. The final endpoints
are those candidates at the end of tracks that have a high median value,
with the higher value chosen if two candidate endpoints are within
(a default of) 10 edges from each other (otherwise, the resulting fundi
can have spurious branching at the fold’s edge).
The connect_points_erosion function connects the deepest fold vertices
to the endpoints with a skeleton of 1-vertex-thick curves by erosion.
It erodes by iteratively removing simple topological points and endpoints
in order of lowest to highest values, where a simple topological point
is a vertex that when added to or removed from an object on a surface
mesh (such as a fundus curve) does not alter the object's topology.
Steps ::
1. Find fundus endpoints (outer anchors) with find_outer_endpoints().
2. Include inner anchor points.
3. Connect anchor points using connect_points_erosion();
inner anchors are removed if they result in endpoints.
Note ::
Follow this with segment_by_region() to segment fundi by sulci.
Parameters
----------
folds : numpy array or list of integers
fold number for each vertex
curv_file : string
surface mesh file in VTK format with mean curvature values
depth_file : string
surface mesh file in VTK format with rescaled depth values
likelihoods : list of integers
fundus likelihood value for each vertex
min_separation : integer
minimum number of edges between inner/outer anchor points
erode_ratio : float
fraction of indices to test for removal at each iteration
in connect_points_erosion()
save_file : bool
save output VTK file?
output_file : string
output VTK file
background_value : integer or float
background value
verbose : bool
print statements?
Returns
-------
fundus_per_fold : list of integers
fundus numbers for all vertices, labeled by fold
(-1 for non-fundus vertices)
n_fundi_in_folds : integer
number of fundi
fundus_per_fold_file : string (if save_file)
output VTK file with fundus numbers (-1 for non-fundus vertices)
Examples
--------
>>> # Extract fundus from one or more folds:
>>> import numpy as np
>>> from mindboggle.mio.vtks import read_scalars
>>> from mindboggle.features.fundi import extract_fundi
>>> from mindboggle.mio.fetch_data import prep_tests
>>> urls, fetch_data = prep_tests()
>>> curv_file = fetch_data(urls['left_mean_curvature'], '', '.vtk')
>>> depth_file = fetch_data(urls['left_travel_depth'], '', '.vtk')
>>> folds_file = fetch_data(urls['left_folds'], '', '.vtk')
>>> folds, name = read_scalars(folds_file, True, True)
>>> # Limit number of folds to speed up the test:
>>> limit_folds = True
>>> if limit_folds:
... fold_numbers = [4] #[4, 6]
... i0 = [i for i,x in enumerate(folds) if x not in fold_numbers]
... folds[i0] = -1
>>> min_separation = 10
>>> erode_ratio = 0.10
>>> erode_min_size = 10
>>> save_file = True
>>> output_file = 'extract_fundi_fold4.vtk'
>>> background_value = -1
>>> verbose = False
>>> o1, o2, fundus_per_fold_file = extract_fundi(folds, curv_file,
... depth_file, min_separation, erode_ratio, erode_min_size,
... save_file, output_file, background_value, verbose)
>>> lens = [len([x for x in o1 if x == y])
... for y in np.unique(o1) if y != background_value]
>>> lens[0:10] # [66, 2914, 100, 363, 73, 331, 59, 30, 1, 14] # (if not limit_folds)
[73]
View result without background (skip test):
>>> from mindboggle.mio.plots import plot_surfaces # doctest: +SKIP
>>> from mindboggle.mio.vtks import rewrite_scalars # doctest: +SKIP
>>> rewrite_scalars(fundus_per_fold_file,
... 'extract_fundi_fold4_no_background.vtk', o1,
... 'fundus_per_fold', folds) # doctest: +SKIP
>>> plot_surfaces('extract_fundi_fold4_no_background.vtk') # doctest: +SKIP
"""
# Extract a skeleton to connect endpoints in a fold:
import os
import numpy as np
from time import time
from mindboggle.mio.vtks import read_scalars, read_vtk, rewrite_scalars
from mindboggle.guts.compute import median_abs_dev
from mindboggle.guts.paths import find_max_values
from mindboggle.guts.mesh import find_neighbors_from_file
from mindboggle.guts.mesh import find_complete_faces
from mindboggle.guts.paths import find_outer_endpoints
from mindboggle.guts.paths import connect_points_erosion
if isinstance(folds, list):
folds = np.array(folds)
# Load values, inner anchor threshold, and neighbors:
if os.path.isfile(curv_file):
points, indices, lines, faces, curvs, scalar_names, npoints, \
input_vtk = read_vtk(curv_file, True, True)
else:
raise IOError("{0} doesn't exist!".format(curv_file))
if os.path.isfile(curv_file):
depths, name = read_scalars(depth_file, True, True)
else:
raise IOError("{0} doesn't exist!".format(depth_file))
values = curvs * depths
values0 = [x for x in values if x > 0]
thr = np.median(values0) + 2 * median_abs_dev(values0)
neighbor_lists = find_neighbors_from_file(curv_file)
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Loop through folds:
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
t1 = time()
skeletons = []
unique_fold_IDs = [x for x in np.unique(folds) if x != background_value]
if verbose:
if len(unique_fold_IDs) == 1:
print("Extract a fundus from 1 fold...")
else:
print("Extract a fundus from each of {0} folds...".
format(len(unique_fold_IDs)))
for fold_ID in unique_fold_IDs:
indices_fold = [i for i,x in enumerate(folds) if x == fold_ID]
if indices_fold:
if verbose:
print(' Fold {0}:'.format(int(fold_ID)))
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
# Find outer anchor points on the boundary of the surface region,
# to serve as fundus endpoints:
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
outer_anchors, tracks = find_outer_endpoints(indices_fold,
neighbor_lists, values, depths, min_separation,
background_value, verbose)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
# Find inner anchor points:
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
inner_anchors = find_max_values(points, values, min_separation,
thr)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
# Connect anchor points to create skeleton:
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
B = background_value * np.ones(npoints)
B[indices_fold] = 1
skeleton = connect_points_erosion(B, neighbor_lists,
outer_anchors, inner_anchors, values, erode_ratio,
erode_min_size, [], '', background_value, verbose)
if skeleton:
skeletons.extend(skeleton)
## ---------------------------------------------------------------
## Remove fundus vertices if they make complete triangle faces:
## ---------------------------------------------------------------
#Iremove = find_complete_faces(skeletons, faces)
#if Iremove:
# skeletons = list(frozenset(skeletons).difference(Iremove))
indices_skel = [x for x in skeletons if folds[x] != background_value]
fundus_per_fold = background_value * np.ones(npoints)
fundus_per_fold[indices_skel] = folds[indices_skel]
n_fundi_in_folds = len([x for x in np.unique(fundus_per_fold)
if x != background_value])
if n_fundi_in_folds == 1:
sdum = 'fold fundus'
else:
sdum = 'fold fundi'
if verbose:
print(' ...Extracted {0} {1}; {2} total ({3:.2f} seconds)'.
format(n_fundi_in_folds, sdum, n_fundi_in_folds, time() - t1))
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Return fundi, number of fundi, and file name:
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
fundus_per_fold_file = None
if n_fundi_in_folds > 0:
fundus_per_fold = [int(x) for x in fundus_per_fold]
if save_file:
if output_file:
fundus_per_fold_file = output_file
else:
fundus_per_fold_file = os.path.join(os.getcwd(),
'fundus_per_fold.vtk')
rewrite_scalars(curv_file, fundus_per_fold_file, fundus_per_fold,
'fundi', [], background_value)
if not os.path.exists(fundus_per_fold_file):
raise IOError(fundus_per_fold_file + " not found")
return fundus_per_fold, n_fundi_in_folds, fundus_per_fold_file
def extract_fundi(folds,
curv_file,
depth_file,
min_separation=10,
erode_ratio=0.1,
erode_min_size=1,
save_file=False,
output_file='',
background_value=-1,
verbose=False):
"""
Extract fundi from folds.
A fundus is a branching curve that runs along the deepest and most highly
curved portions of a fold. This function extracts one fundus from each
fold by finding the deepest vertices inside the fold, finding endpoints
along the edge of the fold, and connecting the former to the latter with
tracks that run along deep and curved paths (through vertices with high
values of travel depth multiplied by curvature), and a final filtration
step.
The deepest vertices are those with values at least two median
absolute deviations above the median (non-zero) value, with the higher
value chosen if two of the vertices are within (a default of) 10 edges
from each other (to reduce the number of possible fundus paths as well
as computation time).
To find the endpoints, the find_outer_endpoints function propagates
multiple tracks from seed vertices at median depth in the fold through
concentric rings toward the fold’s edge, selecting maximal values within
each ring, and terminating at candidate endpoints. The final endpoints
are those candidates at the end of tracks that have a high median value,
with the higher value chosen if two candidate endpoints are within
(a default of) 10 edges from each other (otherwise, the resulting fundi
can have spurious branching at the fold’s edge).
The connect_points_erosion function connects the deepest fold vertices
to the endpoints with a skeleton of 1-vertex-thick curves by erosion.
It erodes by iteratively removing simple topological points and endpoints
in order of lowest to highest values, where a simple topological point
is a vertex that when added to or removed from an object on a surface
mesh (such as a fundus curve) does not alter the object's topology.
Steps ::
1. Find fundus endpoints (outer anchors) with find_outer_endpoints().
2. Include inner anchor points.
3. Connect anchor points using connect_points_erosion();
inner anchors are removed if they result in endpoints.
Note ::
Follow this with segment_by_region() to segment fundi by sulci.
Parameters
----------
folds : numpy array or list of integers
fold number for each vertex
curv_file : string
surface mesh file in VTK format with mean curvature values
depth_file : string
surface mesh file in VTK format with rescaled depth values
likelihoods : list of integers
fundus likelihood value for each vertex
min_separation : integer
minimum number of edges between inner/outer anchor points
erode_ratio : float
fraction of indices to test for removal at each iteration
in connect_points_erosion()
save_file : bool
save output VTK file?
output_file : string
output VTK file
background_value : integer or float
background value
verbose : bool
print statements?
Returns
-------
fundus_per_fold : list of integers
fundus numbers for all vertices, labeled by fold
(-1 for non-fundus vertices)
n_fundi_in_folds : integer
number of fundi
fundus_per_fold_file : string (if save_file)
output VTK file with fundus numbers (-1 for non-fundus vertices)
Examples
--------
>>> # Extract fundus from one or more folds:
>>> import numpy as np
>>> from mindboggle.mio.vtks import read_scalars
>>> from mindboggle.features.fundi import extract_fundi
>>> from mindboggle.mio.fetch_data import prep_tests
>>> urls, fetch_data = prep_tests()
>>> curv_file = fetch_data(urls['left_mean_curvature'], '', '.vtk')
>>> depth_file = fetch_data(urls['left_travel_depth'], '', '.vtk')
>>> folds_file = fetch_data(urls['left_folds'], '', '.vtk')
>>> folds, name = read_scalars(folds_file, True, True)
>>> # Limit number of folds to speed up the test:
>>> limit_folds = True
>>> if limit_folds:
... fold_numbers = [4] #[4, 6]
... i0 = [i for i,x in enumerate(folds) if x not in fold_numbers]
... folds[i0] = -1
>>> min_separation = 10
>>> erode_ratio = 0.10
>>> erode_min_size = 10
>>> save_file = True
>>> output_file = 'extract_fundi_fold4.vtk'
>>> background_value = -1
>>> verbose = False
>>> o1, o2, fundus_per_fold_file = extract_fundi(folds, curv_file,
... depth_file, min_separation, erode_ratio, erode_min_size,
... save_file, output_file, background_value, verbose)
>>> lens = [len([x for x in o1 if x == y])
... for y in np.unique(o1) if y != background_value]
>>> lens[0:10] # [66, 2914, 100, 363, 73, 331, 59, 30, 1, 14] # (if not limit_folds)
[73]
View result without background (skip test):
>>> from mindboggle.mio.plots import plot_surfaces # doctest: +SKIP
>>> from mindboggle.mio.vtks import rewrite_scalars # doctest: +SKIP
>>> rewrite_scalars(fundus_per_fold_file,
... 'extract_fundi_fold4_no_background.vtk', o1,
... 'fundus_per_fold', folds) # doctest: +SKIP
>>> plot_surfaces('extract_fundi_fold4_no_background.vtk') # doctest: +SKIP
"""
# Extract a skeleton to connect endpoints in a fold:
import os
import numpy as np
from time import time
from mindboggle.mio.vtks import read_scalars, read_vtk, rewrite_scalars
from mindboggle.guts.compute import median_abs_dev
from mindboggle.guts.paths import find_max_values
from mindboggle.guts.mesh import find_neighbors_from_file
#from mindboggle.guts.mesh import find_complete_faces
from mindboggle.guts.paths import find_outer_endpoints
from mindboggle.guts.paths import connect_points_erosion
if isinstance(folds, list):
folds = np.array(folds)
# Load values, inner anchor threshold, and neighbors:
if os.path.isfile(curv_file):
points, indices, lines, faces, curvs, scalar_names, npoints, \
input_vtk = read_vtk(curv_file, True, True)
else:
raise IOError("{0} doesn't exist!".format(curv_file))
if os.path.isfile(curv_file):
depths, name = read_scalars(depth_file, True, True)
else:
raise IOError("{0} doesn't exist!".format(depth_file))
values = curvs * depths
values0 = [x for x in values if x > 0]
thr = np.median(values0) + 2 * median_abs_dev(values0)
neighbor_lists = find_neighbors_from_file(curv_file)
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Loop through folds:
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
t1 = time()
skeletons = []
unique_fold_IDs = [x for x in np.unique(folds) if x != background_value]
if verbose:
if len(unique_fold_IDs) == 1:
print("Extract a fundus from 1 fold...")
else:
print("Extract a fundus from each of {0} folds...".format(
len(unique_fold_IDs)))
for fold_ID in unique_fold_IDs:
indices_fold = [i for i, x in enumerate(folds) if x == fold_ID]
if indices_fold:
if verbose:
print(' Fold {0}:'.format(int(fold_ID)))
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
# Find outer anchor points on the boundary of the surface region,
# to serve as fundus endpoints:
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
outer_anchors, tracks = find_outer_endpoints(
indices_fold, neighbor_lists, values, depths, min_separation,
background_value, verbose)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
# Find inner anchor points:
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
inner_anchors = find_max_values(points, values, min_separation,
thr)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
# Connect anchor points to create skeleton:
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
B = background_value * np.ones(npoints)
B[indices_fold] = 1
skeleton = connect_points_erosion(B, neighbor_lists, outer_anchors,
inner_anchors, values,
erode_ratio, erode_min_size, [],
'', background_value, verbose)
if skeleton:
skeletons.extend(skeleton)
## ---------------------------------------------------------------
## Remove fundus vertices if they make complete triangle faces:
## ---------------------------------------------------------------
#Iremove = find_complete_faces(skeletons, faces)
#if Iremove:
# skeletons = list(frozenset(skeletons).difference(Iremove))
indices_skel = [x for x in skeletons if folds[x] != background_value]
fundus_per_fold = background_value * np.ones(npoints)
fundus_per_fold[indices_skel] = folds[indices_skel]
n_fundi_in_folds = len(
[x for x in np.unique(fundus_per_fold) if x != background_value])
if n_fundi_in_folds == 1:
sdum = 'fold fundus'
else:
sdum = 'fold fundi'
if verbose:
print(' ...Extracted {0} {1}; {2} total ({3:.2f} seconds)'.format(
n_fundi_in_folds, sdum, n_fundi_in_folds,
time() - t1))
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Return fundi, number of fundi, and file name:
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
fundus_per_fold_file = None
if n_fundi_in_folds > 0:
fundus_per_fold = [int(x) for x in fundus_per_fold]
if save_file:
if output_file:
fundus_per_fold_file = output_file
else:
fundus_per_fold_file = os.path.join(os.getcwd(),
'fundus_per_fold.vtk')
rewrite_scalars(curv_file, fundus_per_fold_file, fundus_per_fold,
'fundi', [], background_value)
if not os.path.exists(fundus_per_fold_file):
raise IOError(fundus_per_fold_file + " not found")
return fundus_per_fold, n_fundi_in_folds, fundus_per_fold_file
def extract_fundi(folds,
curv_file,
depth_file,
min_separation=10,
erode_ratio=0.1,
erode_min_size=1,
save_file=False,
verbose=False):
"""
Extract fundi from folds.
A fundus is a branching curve that runs along the deepest and most
highly curved portions of a fold.
Steps ::
1. Find fundus endpoints (outer anchors) with find_outer_anchors().
2. Include inner anchor points.
3. Connect anchor points using connect_points_erosion();
inner anchors are removed if they result in endpoints.
Parameters
----------
folds : numpy array or list of integers
fold number for each vertex
curv_file : string
surface mesh file in VTK format with mean curvature values
depth_file : string
surface mesh file in VTK format with rescaled depth values
likelihoods : list of integers
fundus likelihood value for each vertex
min_separation : integer
minimum number of edges between inner/outer anchor points
erode_ratio : float
fraction of indices to test for removal at each iteration
in connect_points_erosion()
save_file : bool
save output VTK file?
verbose : bool
print statements?
Returns
-------
fundus_per_fold : list of integers
fundus numbers for all vertices, labeled by fold
(-1 for non-fundus vertices)
n_fundi_in_folds : integer
number of fundi
fundus_per_fold_file : string (if save_file)
output VTK file with fundus numbers (-1 for non-fundus vertices)
Examples
--------
>>> # Extract fundus from one or more folds:
>>> single_fold = True
>>> from mindboggle.mio.vtks import read_scalars
>>> from mindboggle.features.fundi import extract_fundi
>>> from mindboggle.mio.fetch_data import prep_tests
>>> urls, fetch_data = prep_tests()
>>> curv_file = fetch_data(urls['left_mean_curvature'])
>>> depth_file = fetch_data(urls['left_travel_depth'])
>>> folds_file = fetch_data(urls['left_folds'])
>>> folds, name = read_scalars(folds_file, True, True)
>>> if single_fold:
... fold_number = 2 #11
... folds[folds != fold_number] = -1
>>> min_separation = 10
>>> erode_ratio = 0.10
>>> erode_min_size = 10
>>> save_file = True
>>> verbose = False
>>> o1, o2, fundus_per_fold_file = extract_fundi(folds, curv_file,
... depth_file, min_separation, erode_ratio, erode_min_size,
... save_file, verbose)
>>> if single_fold:
... lens = [len([x for x in o1 if x == 2])]
... else:
... lens = [len([x for x in o1 if x == y]) for y in range(o2)]
>>> lens[0:10]
[115]
View result (skip test):
>>> from mindboggle.mio.plots import plot_surfaces
>>> plot_surfaces(fundus_per_fold_file) # doctest: +SKIP
"""
# Extract a skeleton to connect endpoints in a fold:
import os
import numpy as np
from time import time
from mindboggle.mio.vtks import read_scalars, read_vtk, rewrite_scalars
from mindboggle.guts.compute import median_abs_dev
from mindboggle.guts.paths import find_max_values
from mindboggle.guts.mesh import find_neighbors_from_file
from mindboggle.guts.mesh import find_complete_faces
from mindboggle.guts.paths import find_outer_anchors
from mindboggle.guts.paths import connect_points_erosion
if isinstance(folds, list):
folds = np.array(folds)
# Load values, inner anchor threshold, and neighbors:
points, indices, lines, faces, curvs, scalar_names, npoints, \
input_vtk = read_vtk(curv_file, True, True)
depths, name = read_scalars(depth_file, True, True)
values = curvs * depths
values0 = [x for x in values if x > 0]
thr = np.median(values0) + 2 * median_abs_dev(values0)
neighbor_lists = find_neighbors_from_file(curv_file)
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Loop through folds:
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
t1 = time()
skeletons = []
unique_fold_IDs = [x for x in np.unique(folds) if x != -1]
if verbose:
if len(unique_fold_IDs) == 1:
print("Extract a fundus from 1 fold...")
else:
print("Extract a fundus from each of {0} folds...".format(
len(unique_fold_IDs)))
for fold_ID in unique_fold_IDs:
indices_fold = [i for i, x in enumerate(folds) if x == fold_ID]
if indices_fold:
if verbose:
print(' Fold {0}:'.format(int(fold_ID)))
#-----------------------------------------------------------------
# Find outer anchor points on the boundary of the surface region,
# to serve as fundus endpoints:
#-----------------------------------------------------------------
verbose = False
outer_anchors, tracks = find_outer_anchors(indices_fold,
neighbor_lists, values,
depths, min_separation,
verbose)
#-----------------------------------------------------------------
# Find inner anchor points:
#-----------------------------------------------------------------
inner_anchors = find_max_values(points, values, min_separation,
thr)
#-----------------------------------------------------------------
# Connect anchor points to create skeleton:
#-----------------------------------------------------------------
B = -1 * np.ones(npoints)
B[indices_fold] = 1
skeleton = connect_points_erosion(B,
neighbor_lists,
outer_anchors,
inner_anchors,
values,
erode_ratio,
erode_min_size,
save_steps=[],
save_vtk='',
verbose=False)
if skeleton:
skeletons.extend(skeleton)
#-----------------------------------------------------------------
# Remove fundus vertices if they complete triangle faces:
#-----------------------------------------------------------------
Iremove = find_complete_faces(skeletons, faces)
if Iremove:
skeletons = list(frozenset(skeletons).difference(Iremove))
indices_skel = [x for x in skeletons if folds[x] != -1]
fundus_per_fold = -1 * np.ones(npoints)
fundus_per_fold[indices_skel] = folds[indices_skel]
n_fundi_in_folds = len([x for x in np.unique(fundus_per_fold) if x != -1])
if n_fundi_in_folds == 1:
sdum = 'fold fundus'
else:
sdum = 'fold fundi'
if verbose:
print(' ...Extracted {0} {1}; {2} total ({3:.2f} seconds)'.format(
n_fundi_in_folds, sdum, n_fundi_in_folds,
time() - t1))
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Return fundi, number of fundi, and file name:
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
if n_fundi_in_folds > 0:
fundus_per_fold = [int(x) for x in fundus_per_fold]
if save_file:
fundus_per_fold_file = os.path.join(os.getcwd(),
'fundus_per_fold.vtk')
rewrite_scalars(curv_file, fundus_per_fold_file, fundus_per_fold,
'fundi', folds)
if not os.path.exists(fundus_per_fold_file):
raise IOError(fundus_per_fold_file + " not found")
else:
fundus_per_fold_file = None
return fundus_per_fold, n_fundi_in_folds, fundus_per_fold_file
def extract_fundi(folds, curv_file, depth_file, min_separation=10,
erode_ratio=0.1, erode_min_size=1, save_file=False):
"""
Extract fundi from folds.
A fundus is a branching curve that runs along the deepest and most
highly curved portions of a fold.
Steps ::
1. Find fundus endpoints (outer anchors) with find_outer_anchors().
2. Include inner anchor points.
3. Connect anchor points using connect_points_erosion();
inner anchors are removed if they result in endpoints.
Parameters
----------
folds : numpy array or list of integers
fold number for each vertex
curv_file : string
surface mesh file in VTK format with mean curvature values
depth_file : string
surface mesh file in VTK format with rescaled depth values
likelihoods : list of integers
fundus likelihood value for each vertex
min_separation : integer
minimum number of edges between inner/outer anchor points
erode_ratio : float
fraction of indices to test for removal at each iteration
in connect_points_erosion()
save_file : Boolean
save output VTK file?
Returns
-------
fundus_per_fold : list of integers
fundus numbers for all vertices, labeled by fold
(-1 for non-fundus vertices)
n_fundi_in_folds : integer
number of fundi
fundus_per_fold_file : string (if save_file)
output VTK file with fundus numbers (-1 for non-fundus vertices)
Examples
--------
>>> # Extract fundus from one or more folds:
>>> single_fold = True
>>> import os
>>> from mindboggle.mio.vtks import read_scalars
>>> from mindboggle.features.fundi import extract_fundi
>>> from mindboggle.mio.plots import plot_surfaces
>>> path = os.environ['MINDBOGGLE_DATA']
>>> curv_file = os.path.join(path, 'arno', 'shapes', 'lh.pial.mean_curvature.vtk')
>>> depth_file = os.path.join(path, 'arno', 'shapes', 'travel_depth_rescaled.vtk')
>>> folds_file = os.path.join(path, 'arno', 'features', 'folds.vtk')
>>> folds, name = read_scalars(folds_file, True, True)
>>> if single_fold:
>>> fold_number = 2 #11
>>> folds[folds != fold_number] = -1
>>> min_separation = 10
>>> erode_ratio = 0.10
>>> erode_min_size = 10
>>> save_file = True
>>> o1, o2, fundus_per_fold_file = extract_fundi(folds, curv_file,
... depth_file, min_separation, erode_ratio, erode_min_size, save_file)
>>> #
>>> # View:
>>> plot_surfaces(fundi_file)
"""
# Extract a skeleton to connect endpoints in a fold:
import os
import numpy as np
from time import time
from mindboggle.mio.vtks import read_scalars, read_vtk, rewrite_scalars
from mindboggle.guts.compute import median_abs_dev
from mindboggle.guts.paths import find_max_values
from mindboggle.guts.mesh import find_neighbors_from_file, find_complete_faces
from mindboggle.guts.paths import find_outer_anchors, connect_points_erosion
if isinstance(folds, list):
folds = np.array(folds)
# Load values, inner anchor threshold, and neighbors:
points, indices, lines, faces, curvs, scalar_names, npoints, \
input_vtk = read_vtk(curv_file, True, True)
depths, name = read_scalars(depth_file, True, True)
values = curvs * depths
values0 = [x for x in values if x > 0]
thr = np.median(values0) + 2 * median_abs_dev(values0)
neighbor_lists = find_neighbors_from_file(curv_file)
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Loop through folds:
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
t1 = time()
skeletons = []
unique_fold_IDs = [x for x in np.unique(folds) if x != -1]
if len(unique_fold_IDs) == 1:
print("Extract a fundus from 1 fold...")
else:
print("Extract a fundus from each of {0} folds...".
format(len(unique_fold_IDs)))
for fold_ID in unique_fold_IDs:
indices_fold = [i for i,x in enumerate(folds) if x == fold_ID]
if indices_fold:
print(' Fold {0}:'.format(int(fold_ID)))
#-----------------------------------------------------------------
# Find outer anchor points on the boundary of the surface region,
# to serve as fundus endpoints:
#-----------------------------------------------------------------
outer_anchors, tracks = find_outer_anchors(indices_fold,
neighbor_lists, values, depths, min_separation)
#-----------------------------------------------------------------
# Find inner anchor points:
#-----------------------------------------------------------------
inner_anchors = find_max_values(points, values, min_separation, thr)
#-----------------------------------------------------------------
# Connect anchor points to create skeleton:
#-----------------------------------------------------------------
B = -1 * np.ones(npoints)
B[indices_fold] = 1
skeleton = connect_points_erosion(B, neighbor_lists,
outer_anchors, inner_anchors, values,
erode_ratio, erode_min_size, save_steps=[], save_vtk='')
if skeleton:
skeletons.extend(skeleton)
#-----------------------------------------------------------------
# Remove fundus vertices if they complete triangle faces:
#-----------------------------------------------------------------
Iremove = find_complete_faces(skeletons, faces)
if Iremove:
skeletons = list(frozenset(skeletons).difference(Iremove))
indices_skel = [x for x in skeletons if folds[x] != -1]
fundus_per_fold = -1 * np.ones(npoints)
fundus_per_fold[indices_skel] = folds[indices_skel]
n_fundi_in_folds = len([x for x in np.unique(fundus_per_fold)
if x != -1])
if n_fundi_in_folds == 1:
sdum = 'fold fundus'
else:
sdum = 'fold fundi'
print(' ...Extracted {0} {1}; {2} total ({3:.2f} seconds)'.
format(n_fundi_in_folds, sdum, n_fundi_in_folds, time() - t1))
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Return fundi, number of fundi, and file name:
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
if n_fundi_in_folds > 0:
fundus_per_fold = [int(x) for x in fundus_per_fold]
if save_file:
fundus_per_fold_file = os.path.join(os.getcwd(),
'fundus_per_fold.vtk')
rewrite_scalars(curv_file, fundus_per_fold_file, fundus_per_fold,
'fundi', folds)
if not os.path.exists(fundus_per_fold_file):
raise(IOError(fundus_per_fold_file + " not found"))
else:
fundus_per_fold_file = None
return fundus_per_fold, n_fundi_in_folds, fundus_per_fold_file