def run():
"""Run the evolution."""
if args.verbose and __name__ == '__main__':
print "objective: minimise", eval_func.__doc__
if args.seed is not None:
np.random.seed(args.seed)
hof = tools.HallOfFame(1)
stats = tools.Statistics(lambda ind: ind.fitness.values)
stats.register("min", np.min)
try:
algorithms.eaGenerateUpdate(toolbox, ngen=args.generations,
stats=stats, halloffame=hof, verbose=True)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print 'user terminated early'
(score,) = hof[0].fitness.values
print 'Score: %.2f $/MWh' % score
print 'List:', [max(0, param) for param in hof[0]]
set_generators(hof[0])
nem.run(context)
context.verbose = True
print context
if args.transmission:
x = context.exchanges.max(axis=0)
print np.array_str(x, precision=1, suppress_small=True)
f = open('results.json', 'w')
obj = {'exchanges': x.tolist(), 'generators': context}
json.dump(obj, f, cls=nem.Context.JSONEncoder)
f.close()
def run_one(chromosome):
"""Annual cost of the system (in billion $)."""
context.costs = costs.AETA2013_2030Mid(0.05, 1.86, 11, 27)
context.costs.carbon = 0
set_generators(chromosome)
context.verbose = 0
nem.run(context)
context.verbose = args.v
print context
def test_003(self):
c = nem.Context()
# Add 25 DR generators so that the abbreviated legend is used.
for i in range(25):
dr = nem.generators.DemandResponse(polygons.wildcard, 100, 0)
c.generators += [dr]
print len(c.generators)
nem.run(c)
nem.plot(c, filename='foo.png')
os.unlink('foo.png')
def test_009(self):
"""A NSW generators runs in any set of regions that includes NSW."""
rgnset = []
for rgn in regions.All:
rgnset.append(rgn)
self.context.regions = rgnset
gen = SuperGenerator(None)
self.context.generators = [gen]
nem.run(self.context)
self.assertEqual(gen.runhours, self.context.timesteps)
def eval_func(chromosome):
"""Annual cost of the system (in billion $)."""
set_generators(chromosome)
nem.run(context)
score, penalty, reason = cost(context, transmission_p=args.transmission)
if args.trace_file is not None:
# write the score and individual to the trace file
with open(args.trace_file, 'a') as csvfile:
writer = csv.writer(csvfile)
writer.writerow([score, penalty, reason] + list(chromosome))
return score + penalty,
def eval_func(chromosome):
"""Average cost of energy (in $/MWh)."""
set_generators(chromosome)
nem.run(context)
score, penalty, reason = cost(context)
if args.trace_file is not None:
# write the score and individual to the trace file
with open(args.trace_file, 'a') as csvfile:
writer = csv.writer(csvfile)
writer.writerow([score, penalty, reason] + list(chromosome))
return score + penalty,
def test_012(self):
"""A NSW generator does not run in other regions."""
rgnset = []
# Skip NSW (first in the list).
for rgn in regions.All[1:]:
rgnset.append(rgn)
self.context.regions = rgnset
gen = SuperGenerator(None)
self.context.generators = [gen]
nem.run(self.context)
self.assertEqual(gen.runhours, 0)
def test_008(self):
"""A NSW generator runs in NSW only."""
for rgn in regions.All:
self.context.regions = [rgn]
gen = SuperGenerator(None)
self.context.generators = [gen]
nem.run(self.context)
if rgn == regions.nsw:
self.assertEqual(gen.runhours, self.context.timesteps)
else:
self.assertEqual(gen.runhours, 0)
def test_002(self):
c = nem.Context()
# Make sure there is unserved energy by setting 2nd and
# subsequent generator capacity to 0.
for g in c.generators[1:]:
g.set_capacity(0)
nem.run(c)
nem.plot(c, filename='foo.png')
os.unlink('foo.png')
nem.plot(c, filename='foo.png', spills=True)
os.unlink('foo.png')
def test_011(self):
"""Running in two regions only produces limited interstate exchanges."""
for rgn1 in regions.All:
for rgn2 in regions.All:
if rgn1 is rgn2:
continue
self.context.regions = [rgn1, rgn2]
nem.run(self.context, endhour=1)
self.assertTrue(self.context.exchanges[0, rgn1, rgn1] >= 0)
self.assertTrue(self.context.exchanges[0, rgn2, rgn2] >= 0)
for i in regions.All:
for j in regions.All:
# Check that various elements of the exchanges matrix are 0.
# Ignore: diagonals, [RGN1,RGN2] and [RGN2,RGN1].
if i != j and (i, j) != (rgn1, rgn2) and (i, j) != (rgn2, rgn1):
self.assertEqual(self.context.exchanges[0, i, j], 0)
def test_010(self):
"""Running in one region only produces no interstate exchanges."""
for rgn in regions.All:
if rgn is regions.snowy:
continue
self.context = nem.Context()
self.context.track_exchanges = True
self.context.regions = [rgn]
self.context.generators = [generators.OCGT(regions.nsw, 100),
generators.OCGT(regions.qld, 100),
generators.OCGT(regions.sa, 100),
generators.OCGT(regions.tas, 100),
generators.OCGT(regions.vic, 100)]
nem.run(self.context, endhour=100)
self.assertEqual((self.context.exchanges[0] > 0).sum(), 1, 'Only one exchange > 0')
self.assertTrue(self.context.exchanges[0, rgn, rgn] > 0, 'Only rgn->rgn is > 0')
def run_one(chromosome):
"""Run a single simulation."""
context.costs = costs.AETA2013_2030Mid(0.05, 1.86, 11, 27)
context.costs.carbon = 0
set_generators(chromosome)
context.verbose = args.v > 1
if args.transmission:
context.track_exchanges = 1
nem.run(context)
context.verbose = args.v > 0
print context
if args.transmission:
x = context.exchanges.max(axis=0)
print np.array_str(x, precision=1, suppress_small=True)
f = open('results.json', 'w')
json.dump(x.tolist(), f)
f.close()
def test_010(self):
"""Running in one region only produces no interstate exchanges."""
for rgn in regions.All:
if rgn is regions.snowy:
continue
self.context = nem.Context()
self.context.track_exchanges = True
self.context.regions = [rgn]
loadpoly = [k for k, v in rgn.polygons.items() if v > 0][0]
nswpoly = [k for k, v in regions.nsw.polygons.items() if v > 0][0]
qldpoly = [k for k, v in regions.qld.polygons.items() if v > 0][0]
sapoly = [k for k, v in regions.sa.polygons.items() if v > 0][0]
taspoly = [k for k, v in regions.tas.polygons.items() if v > 0][0]
vicpoly = [k for k, v in regions.vic.polygons.items() if v > 0][0]
self.context.generators = [generators.OCGT(nswpoly, 100),
generators.OCGT(qldpoly, 100),
generators.OCGT(sapoly, 100),
generators.OCGT(taspoly, 100),
generators.OCGT(vicpoly, 100)]
nem.run(self.context, endhour=100)
self.assertEqual((self.context.exchanges[0] > 0).sum(), 1, 'Only one exchange > 0')
# FIXME: we need a numpy array that can be indexed from 1
self.assertTrue(self.context.exchanges[0, loadpoly - 1, loadpoly - 1] > 0, 'Only rgn->rgn is > 0')
def run():
"""Run the evolution."""
if args.verbose and __name__ == '__main__':
print "objective: minimise", eval_func.__doc__
if args.seed is not None:
np.random.seed(args.seed)
hof = tools.HallOfFame(1)
stats = tools.Statistics(lambda ind: ind.fitness.values)
stats.register("min", np.min)
algorithms.eaGenerateUpdate(toolbox, ngen=args.generations, stats=stats,
halloffame=hof, verbose=True)
(score,) = hof[0].fitness.values
print 'Score: %.2f $/MWh' % score
print 'List:', hof[0]
set_generators(hof[0])
nem.run(context)
context.verbose = True
print context
if args.transmission:
print context.exchanges.max(axis=0)
def test_004(self):
"""100 MW fossil plant generates exactly 876,000 MWh."""
ccgt = generators.CCGT(regions.nsw, 100)
self.context.generators = [ccgt]
nem.run(self.context)
self.assertEqual(sum(ccgt.hourly_power.values()), self.context.timesteps * 100)
def test_013(self):
"""Fossil plant records power generation history."""
ccgt = generators.CCGT(regions.nsw, 100)
self.context.generators = [ccgt]
nem.run(self.context)
self.assertTrue(len(self.context.generators[0].hourly_power) > 0)
def test_002(self):
"""Demand equals approx. 204 TWh."""
self.context.generators = []
nem.run(self.context)
self.assertEqual(math.trunc(self.context.demand.sum() / pow(10, 6)), 204)
"""A stub for profiling tools to run one basic simulation.""" import nem c = nem.Context() nem.run(c)
def test_003(self):
"""Power system with no generators meets none of the demand."""
self.context.generators = []
nem.run(self.context)
self.assertEqual(math.trunc(self.context.unserved_energy), math.trunc(self.context.demand.sum()))
def test_001(self):
c = nem.Context()
c.regions = [regions.nsw, regions.vic, regions.sa]
c.track_exchanges = True
c.verbose = 1
nem.run(c)
def test_007(self):
"""Generation to meet minimum load + 1GW produces some spills."""
self.context.generators = [SuperGenerator(self.minload + 1000)]
nem.run(self.context)
self.assertTrue(self.context.spill.sum() > 0)
def test_006(self):
"""Generation to meet minimum load leads to no spills."""
self.context.generators = [SuperGenerator(self.minload)]
nem.run(self.context)
self.assertEqual(self.context.spill.sum(), 0)
def test_005(self):
"""Super generator runs every hour."""
gen = SuperGenerator(None)
self.context.generators = [gen]
nem.run(self.context)
self.assertEqual(gen.runhours, self.context.timesteps)