def test_multimaterial_attributes_from_material_objects_and_openmc_materials(
self):
# tests that multimaterials made from material objects and neutronics
# materials have the same properties
test_material_1 = nmm.MultiMaterial(
"test_material_1",
materials=[nmm.Material("Li4SiO4"),
nmm.Material("Be12Ti")],
fracs=[0.5, 0.5],
percent_type="vo",
).openmc_material
test_material_2 = nmm.MultiMaterial(
"test_material_2",
materials=[
nmm.Material("Li4SiO4").openmc_material,
nmm.Material("Be12Ti").openmc_material,
],
fracs=[0.5, 0.5],
percent_type="vo",
).openmc_material
assert test_material_1.density == test_material_2.density
assert test_material_1.nuclides == test_material_2.nuclides
def test_packing_fraction_for_multimaterial_function(self):
test_material_5 = nmm.MultiMaterial(
"test_material_5",
materials=[nmm.Material("tungsten"),
nmm.Material("eurofer")],
fracs=[0.5, 0.5],
).openmc_material
test_material_6 = nmm.MultiMaterial(
"test_material_6",
materials=[
nmm.Material("tungsten", packing_fraction=1),
nmm.Material("eurofer", packing_fraction=1),
],
fracs=[0.5, 0.5],
).openmc_material
assert test_material_5.density == test_material_6.density
test_material_7 = nmm.MultiMaterial(
"test_material_7",
materials=[
nmm.Material("tungsten", packing_fraction=0.5),
nmm.Material("eurofer", packing_fraction=0.5),
],
fracs=[0.5, 0.5],
).openmc_material
assert test_material_7.density == pytest.approx(
test_material_5.density * 0.5)
def test_mutlimaterial_material_tag_setting(self):
test_material = nmm.MultiMaterial(materials=[
nmm.Material('Pb842Li158', temperature_in_K=500),
nmm.Material('SiC')
],
fracs=[0.5, 0.5])
assert test_material.material_tag is None
test_material.material_tag = 'tag_set_after_creation'
assert test_material.material_tag == 'tag_set_after_creation'
test_material.openmc_material
assert test_material.openmc_material.name == 'tag_set_after_creation'
test_material = nmm.MultiMaterial(materials=[
nmm.Material('Pb842Li158', temperature_in_K=500),
nmm.Material('SiC')
],
fracs=[0.5, 0.5],
material_tag='tag_set_on_creation')
assert test_material.material_tag == 'tag_set_on_creation'
test_material.openmc_material
assert test_material.openmc_material.name == 'tag_set_on_creation'
def test_density_of_mixed_two_packed_crystals(self):
test_material_1 = nmm.Material(material_name="Li4SiO4")
test_material_packed_1 = nmm.Material(material_name="Li4SiO4",
packing_fraction=0.65)
assert (test_material_1.openmc_material.density *
0.65 == test_material_packed_1.openmc_material.density)
test_material_2 = nmm.Material(material_name="Be12Ti")
test_material_packed_2 = nmm.Material(material_name="Be12Ti",
packing_fraction=0.35)
assert (test_material_2.openmc_material.density *
0.35 == test_material_packed_2.openmc_material.density)
mixed_packed_crystals = nmm.MultiMaterial(
material_tag="mixed_packed_crystals",
materials=[test_material_packed_1, test_material_packed_2],
fracs=[0.75, 0.25],
percent_type="vo",
)
assert mixed_packed_crystals.openmc_material.density == pytest.approx(
(test_material_1.openmc_material.density * 0.65 * 0.75) +
(test_material_2.openmc_material.density * 0.35 * 0.25),
rel=0.01,
)
def setUp(self):
# makes the 3d geometry
self.my_reactor = paramak.BallReactor(
inner_bore_radial_thickness=1,
inboard_tf_leg_radial_thickness=30,
center_column_shield_radial_thickness=60,
divertor_radial_thickness=50,
inner_plasma_gap_radial_thickness=30,
plasma_radial_thickness=300,
outer_plasma_gap_radial_thickness=30,
firstwall_radial_thickness=3,
blanket_radial_thickness=100,
blanket_rear_wall_radial_thickness=3,
elongation=2.75,
triangularity=0.5,
rotation_angle=360,
)
# makes a homogenised material for the blanket from lithium lead and
# eurofer
self.blanket_material = nmm.MultiMaterial(
fracs=[0.8, 0.2],
materials=[
nmm.Material('SiC'),
nmm.Material('eurofer')
])
self.source = openmc.Source()
# sets the location of the source to x=0 y=0 z=0
self.source.space = openmc.stats.Point((0, 0, 0))
# sets the direction to isotropic
self.source.angle = openmc.stats.Isotropic()
# sets the energy distribution to 100% 14MeV neutrons
self.source.energy = openmc.stats.Discrete([14e6], [1])
def test_json_dump_works(self):
test_material = nmm.MultiMaterial(
"test_material",
materials=[
nmm.Material("tungsten", packing_fraction=0.6),
nmm.Material("eurofer", packing_fraction=0.8),
],
fracs=[0.3, 0.7],
)
assert isinstance(json.dumps(test_material), str)
def too_small_fracs():
"""checks a ValueError is raised when the fracs are above 1"""
nmm.MultiMaterial(
"test_material",
materials=[
nmm.Material("tungsten", packing_fraction=0.6),
nmm.Material("eurofer", packing_fraction=0.8),
],
fracs=[0.3, 0.65],
)
def test_multimaterial_vs_mix_materials(self):
test_material_11 = nmm.MultiMaterial(
"test_material_11",
materials=[nmm.Material("tungsten"),
nmm.Material("eurofer")],
fracs=[0.5, 0.5],
).openmc_material
test_material_12 = openmc.Material.mix_materials(
name="test_material_12",
materials=[
nmm.Material("tungsten").openmc_material,
nmm.Material("eurofer").openmc_material,
],
fracs=[0.5, 0.5],
percent_type="vo",
)
assert test_material_11.density == test_material_12.density
test_material_13 = nmm.MultiMaterial(
"test_material_13",
materials=[
nmm.Material("tungsten", packing_fraction=0.6),
nmm.Material("eurofer", packing_fraction=0.8),
],
fracs=[0.3, 0.7],
).openmc_material
test_material_14 = openmc.Material.mix_materials(
name="test_material_14",
materials=[
nmm.Material("tungsten", packing_fraction=0.6).openmc_material,
nmm.Material("eurofer", packing_fraction=0.8).openmc_material,
],
fracs=[0.3, 0.7],
percent_type="vo",
)
assert test_material_13.density == test_material_14.density
def test_density_of_mixed_materials_from_density_equation(self):
test_material = nmm.Material("H2O",
temperature_in_C=25,
pressure_in_Pa=100000)
test_mixed_material = nmm.MultiMaterial(
material_tag="test_mixed_material",
materials=[test_material],
fracs=[1])
assert test_material.openmc_material.density == pytest.approx(
test_mixed_material.openmc_material.density)
def test_serpent_multimaterial_type(self):
test_material = nmm.MultiMaterial(
"test_material",
materials=[nmm.Material("Li4SiO4"),
nmm.Material("Be12Ti")],
fracs=[0.50, 0.50],
percent_type="vo",
)
assert len(test_material.serpent_material) > 100
assert isinstance(test_material.serpent_material, str)
def test_too_small_packing_fraction():
"""checks a ValueError is raised when the packing_fraction is the
too large"""
nmm.MultiMaterial("test_material",
materials=[
nmm.Material("tungsten",
packing_fraction=0.6),
nmm.Material("eurofer",
packing_fraction=0.8),
],
fracs=[0.3, 0.7],
packing_fraction=-0.1)
def test_incorrect_packing_fraction():
"""checks a ValueError is raised when the packing_fraction is the
wrong type"""
nmm.MultiMaterial("test_material",
materials=[
nmm.Material("tungsten",
packing_fraction=0.6),
nmm.Material("eurofer",
packing_fraction=0.8),
],
fracs=[0.3, 0.7],
packing_fraction="1")
def test_packing_fraction_of_a_multimaterial(self):
test_material_6 = nmm.MultiMaterial(
"test_material_6",
materials=[
nmm.Material("tungsten", packing_fraction=0.34),
nmm.Material("eurofer", packing_fraction=0.60),
],
fracs=[0.5, 0.5],
).openmc_material
test_material_7 = nmm.MultiMaterial(
"test_material_7",
materials=[
nmm.Material("tungsten", packing_fraction=0.34),
nmm.Material("eurofer", packing_fraction=0.60),
],
fracs=[0.5, 0.5],
packing_fraction=0.25,
).openmc_material
assert test_material_6.get_mass_density() * 0.25 == pytest.approx(
test_material_7.get_mass_density())
def test_make_multimaterial_from_material_objects(self):
# tests that a multimaterial can be created by passing Material objects
# into the MultiMaterial function
test_material = nmm.MultiMaterial(
"test_material",
materials=[nmm.Material("Li4SiO4"),
nmm.Material("Be12Ti")],
fracs=[0.50, 0.50],
percent_type="vo",
)
assert isinstance(test_material, openmc.Material) is False
assert isinstance(test_material.openmc_material, openmc.Material)
def test_json_dump_contains_correct_values(self):
test_material = nmm.MultiMaterial(
"test_material",
materials=[
nmm.Material("tungsten", packing_fraction=0.6),
nmm.Material("eurofer", packing_fraction=0.8),
],
fracs=[0.3, 0.7],
)
test_material_in_json_form = test_material.to_json()
assert test_material_in_json_form["material_tag"] == "test_material"
assert len(test_material_in_json_form["materials"]) == 2
assert test_material_in_json_form["fracs"] == [0.3, 0.7]
assert test_material_in_json_form["percent_type"] == "vo"
assert test_material_in_json_form["packing_fraction"] == 1.0
def test_density_of_mixed_two_packed_and_non_packed_crystals(self):
test_material_1 = nmm.Material(material_name="Li4SiO4")
test_material_1_packed = nmm.Material(material_name="Li4SiO4",
packing_fraction=0.65)
mixed_material = nmm.MultiMaterial(
material_tag="mixed_material",
materials=[test_material_1, test_material_1_packed],
fracs=[0.2, 0.8],
percent_type="vo",
)
assert mixed_material.openmc_material.density == pytest.approx(
(test_material_1.openmc_material.density * 0.2) +
(test_material_1.openmc_material.density * 0.65 * 0.8))
def test_json_dump_contains_correct_keys(self):
test_material = nmm.MultiMaterial(
"test_material",
materials=[
nmm.Material("tungsten", packing_fraction=0.6),
nmm.Material("eurofer", packing_fraction=0.8),
],
fracs=[0.3, 0.7],
)
test_material_in_json_form = test_material.to_json()
assert "material_tag" in test_material_in_json_form.keys()
assert "materials" in test_material_in_json_form.keys()
assert "fracs" in test_material_in_json_form.keys()
assert "percent_type" in test_material_in_json_form.keys()
assert "packing_fraction" in test_material_in_json_form.keys()
def test_temperature_from_C_in_multimaterials(self):
"""checks that the temperature set in C ends up in the temperature
attribute of the openmc multimaterials"""
test_material = nmm.MultiMaterial("test_material",
materials=[
nmm.Material("tungsten"),
nmm.Material("eurofer"),
],
fracs=[0.3, 0.7],
temperature_in_C=10)
assert test_material.temperature_in_K == 283.15
assert test_material.temperature_in_C == 10
assert test_material.openmc_material.temperature == 283.15
line_by_line_material = test_material.serpent_material.split("\n")
assert line_by_line_material[0].split()[-1] == "283.15"
assert line_by_line_material[0].split()[-2] == "tmp"
def test_temperature_from_K_in_multimaterials(self):
"""checks that the temperature set in K ends up in the temperature
attribute of the openmc multimaterials"""
test_material = nmm.MultiMaterial("test_material",
materials=[
nmm.Material("tungsten"),
nmm.Material("eurofer"),
],
fracs=[0.3, 0.7],
temperature_in_K=300)
assert test_material.temperature_in_K == 300
assert test_material.temperature_in_C == pytest.approx(26.85)
assert test_material.openmc_material.temperature == 300
line_by_line_material = test_material.serpent_material.split("\n")
assert line_by_line_material[0].split()[-1] == "300"
assert line_by_line_material[0].split()[-2] == "tmp"
def test_density_of_mixed_one_packed_crystal_and_one_non_crystal(self):
test_material_1 = nmm.Material(material_name="H2O",
temperature_in_C=25,
pressure_in_Pa=100000)
test_material_2 = nmm.Material(material_name="Li4SiO4")
test_material_2_packed = nmm.Material(material_name="Li4SiO4",
packing_fraction=0.65)
mixed_packed_crystal_and_non_crystal = nmm.MultiMaterial(
material_tag="mixed_packed_crystal_and_non_crystal",
materials=[test_material_1, test_material_2_packed],
fracs=[0.5, 0.5],
percent_type="vo",
)
assert (mixed_packed_crystal_and_non_crystal.openmc_material.density ==
pytest.approx((test_material_1.openmc_material.density * 0.5) +
(test_material_2.openmc_material.density * 0.65 *
0.5)))
def make_model_and_simulate():
"""Makes a neutronics Reactor model and simulates the TBR"""
# makes the 3d geometry
my_reactor = paramak.BallReactor(
inner_bore_radial_thickness=1,
inboard_tf_leg_radial_thickness=30,
center_column_shield_radial_thickness=60,
divertor_radial_thickness=50,
inner_plasma_gap_radial_thickness=30,
plasma_radial_thickness=300,
outer_plasma_gap_radial_thickness=30,
firstwall_radial_thickness=3,
blanket_radial_thickness=100,
blanket_rear_wall_radial_thickness=3,
elongation=2.75,
triangularity=0.5,
number_of_tf_coils=16,
rotation_angle=360,
)
# makes a homogenised material for the blanket from lithium lead and
# eurofer
blanket_material = nmm.MultiMaterial(fracs=[0.8, 0.2],
materials=[
nmm.Material(
'Pb842Li158',
enrichment=90,
temperature_in_K=500),
nmm.Material('eurofer')
])
source = openmc.Source()
# sets the location of the source to x=0 y=0 z=0
source.space = openmc.stats.Point((my_reactor.major_radius, 0, 0))
# sets the direction to isotropic
source.angle = openmc.stats.Isotropic()
# sets the energy distribution to 100% 14MeV neutrons
source.energy = openmc.stats.Discrete([14e6], [1])
# makes the neutronics material
neutronics_model = paramak.NeutronicsModel(
geometry=my_reactor,
source=source,
materials={
'inboard_tf_coils_mat': 'copper',
'center_column_shield_mat': 'WC',
'divertor_mat': 'eurofer',
'firstwall_mat': 'eurofer',
'blanket_mat': blanket_material, # use of homogenised material
'blanket_rear_wall_mat': 'eurofer'
},
cell_tallies=['TBR'],
simulation_batches=5,
simulation_particles_per_batch=1e4,
)
# starts the neutronics simulation
neutronics_model.simulate(method='trelis')
# prints the results to screen
print('TBR', neutronics_model.results['TBR'])
def make_model_and_simulate():
"""Makes a neutronics Reactor model and simulates the TBR with specified materials"""
# based on
# http://www.euro-fusionscipub.org/wp-content/uploads/WPBBCP16_15535_submitted.pdf
firstwall_radial_thickness = 3.0
firstwall_armour_material = "tungsten"
firstwall_coolant_material = "He"
firstwall_structural_material = "eurofer"
firstwall_armour_fraction = 0.106305
firstwall_coolant_fraction = 0.333507
firstwall_coolant_temperature_C = 400
firstwall_coolant_pressure_Pa = 8e6
firstwall_structural_fraction = 0.560188
firstwall_material = nmm.MultiMaterial(
material_tag="firstwall_mat",
materials=[
nmm.Material(
material_name=firstwall_coolant_material,
temperature_in_C=firstwall_coolant_temperature_C,
pressure_in_Pa=firstwall_coolant_pressure_Pa,
),
nmm.Material(material_name=firstwall_structural_material),
nmm.Material(material_name=firstwall_armour_material),
],
fracs=[
firstwall_coolant_fraction,
firstwall_structural_fraction,
firstwall_armour_fraction,
],
percent_type="vo")
# based on
# https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352179118300437
blanket_rear_wall_coolant_material = "H2O"
blanket_rear_wall_structural_material = "eurofer"
blanket_rear_wall_coolant_fraction = 0.3
blanket_rear_wall_structural_fraction = 0.7
blanket_rear_wall_coolant_temperature_C = 200
blanket_rear_wall_coolant_pressure_Pa = 1e6
blanket_rear_wall_material = nmm.MultiMaterial(
material_tag="blanket_rear_wall_mat",
materials=[
nmm.Material(
material_name=blanket_rear_wall_coolant_material,
temperature_in_C=blanket_rear_wall_coolant_temperature_C,
pressure_in_Pa=blanket_rear_wall_coolant_pressure_Pa,
),
nmm.Material(material_name=blanket_rear_wall_structural_material),
],
fracs=[
blanket_rear_wall_coolant_fraction,
blanket_rear_wall_structural_fraction,
],
percent_type="vo")
# based on
# https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352179118300437
blanket_lithium6_enrichment_percent = 60
blanket_breeder_material = "Li4SiO4"
blanket_coolant_material = "He"
blanket_multiplier_material = "Be"
blanket_structural_material = "eurofer"
blanket_breeder_fraction = 0.15
blanket_coolant_fraction = 0.05
blanket_multiplier_fraction = 0.6
blanket_structural_fraction = 0.2
blanket_breeder_packing_fraction = 0.64
blanket_multiplier_packing_fraction = 0.64
blanket_coolant_temperature_C = 500
blanket_coolant_pressure_Pa = 1e6
blanket_breeder_temperature_C = 600
blanket_breeder_pressure_Pa = 8e6
blanket_material = nmm.MultiMaterial(
material_tag="blanket_mat",
materials=[
nmm.Material(
material_name=blanket_coolant_material,
temperature_in_C=blanket_coolant_temperature_C,
pressure_in_Pa=blanket_coolant_pressure_Pa,
),
nmm.Material(material_name=blanket_structural_material),
nmm.Material(
material_name=blanket_multiplier_material,
packing_fraction=blanket_multiplier_packing_fraction,
),
nmm.Material(
material_name=blanket_breeder_material,
enrichment=blanket_lithium6_enrichment_percent,
packing_fraction=blanket_breeder_packing_fraction,
temperature_in_C=blanket_breeder_temperature_C,
pressure_in_Pa=blanket_breeder_pressure_Pa,
),
],
fracs=[
blanket_coolant_fraction,
blanket_structural_fraction,
blanket_multiplier_fraction,
blanket_breeder_fraction,
],
percent_type="vo")
# based on
# https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352179118300437
divertor_coolant_fraction = 0.57195798876
divertor_structural_fraction = 0.42804201123
divertor_coolant_material = "H2O"
divertor_structural_material = "tungsten"
divertor_coolant_temperature_C = 150
divertor_coolant_pressure_Pa = 5e6
divertor_material = nmm.MultiMaterial(
material_tag="divertor_mat",
materials=[
nmm.Material(
material_name=divertor_coolant_material,
temperature_in_C=divertor_coolant_temperature_C,
pressure_in_Pa=divertor_coolant_pressure_Pa,
),
nmm.Material(material_name=divertor_structural_material),
],
fracs=[divertor_coolant_fraction, divertor_structural_fraction],
percent_type="vo")
# based on
# https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/95fa/4dae7d82af89adf711b97e75a241051c7129.pdf
center_column_shield_coolant_fraction = 0.13
center_column_shield_structural_fraction = 0.57
center_column_shield_coolant_material = "H2O"
center_column_shield_structural_material = "tungsten"
center_column_shield_coolant_temperature_C = 150
center_column_shield_coolant_pressure_Pa = 5e6
center_column_shield_material = nmm.MultiMaterial(
material_tag="center_column_shield_mat",
materials=[
nmm.Material(
material_name=center_column_shield_coolant_material,
temperature_in_C=center_column_shield_coolant_temperature_C,
pressure_in_Pa=center_column_shield_coolant_pressure_Pa,
),
nmm.Material(
material_name=center_column_shield_structural_material),
],
fracs=[
center_column_shield_coolant_fraction,
center_column_shield_structural_fraction,
],
percent_type="vo")
# based on
# https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/95fa/4dae7d82af89adf711b97e75a241051c7129.pdf
inboard_tf_coils_conductor_fraction = 0.57
inboard_tf_coils_coolant_fraction = 0.05
inboard_tf_coils_structure_fraction = 0.38
inboard_tf_coils_conductor_material = "copper"
inboard_tf_coils_coolant_material = "He"
inboard_tf_coils_structure_material = "SS_316L_N_IG"
inboard_tf_coils_coolant_temperature_C = 30
inboard_tf_coils_coolant_pressure_Pa = 8e6
inboard_tf_coils_material = nmm.MultiMaterial(
material_tag="inboard_tf_coils_mat",
materials=[
nmm.Material(
material_name=inboard_tf_coils_coolant_material,
temperature_in_C=inboard_tf_coils_coolant_temperature_C,
pressure_in_Pa=inboard_tf_coils_coolant_pressure_Pa,
),
nmm.Material(material_name=inboard_tf_coils_conductor_material),
nmm.Material(material_name=inboard_tf_coils_structure_material),
],
fracs=[
inboard_tf_coils_coolant_fraction,
inboard_tf_coils_conductor_fraction,
inboard_tf_coils_structure_fraction,
],
percent_type="vo")
# makes the 3d geometry
my_reactor = paramak.BallReactor(
inner_bore_radial_thickness=1,
inboard_tf_leg_radial_thickness=30,
center_column_shield_radial_thickness=60,
divertor_radial_thickness=50,
inner_plasma_gap_radial_thickness=30,
plasma_radial_thickness=300,
outer_plasma_gap_radial_thickness=30,
firstwall_radial_thickness=firstwall_radial_thickness,
# http://www.euro-fusionscipub.org/wp-content/uploads/WPBBCP16_15535_submitted.pdf
blanket_radial_thickness=100,
blanket_rear_wall_radial_thickness=3,
elongation=2.75,
triangularity=0.5,
number_of_tf_coils=16,
rotation_angle=360,
)
source = openmc.Source()
# sets the location of the source to x=0 y=0 z=0
source.space = openmc.stats.Point((my_reactor.major_radius, 0, 0))
# sets the direction to isotropic
source.angle = openmc.stats.Isotropic()
# sets the energy distribution to 100% 14MeV neutrons
source.energy = openmc.stats.Discrete([14e6], [1])
# makes the neutronics material
neutronics_model = paramak.NeutronicsModel(
geometry=my_reactor,
source=source,
materials={
'inboard_tf_coils_mat': inboard_tf_coils_material,
'center_column_shield_mat': center_column_shield_material,
'divertor_mat': divertor_material,
'firstwall_mat': firstwall_material,
'blanket_mat': blanket_material,
'blanket_rear_wall_mat': blanket_rear_wall_material
},
cell_tallies=['TBR'],
simulation_batches=5,
simulation_particles_per_batch=1e4,
)
# starts the neutronics simulation
neutronics_model.simulate(method='trelis')
# prints the simulation results to screen
print('TBR', neutronics_model.results['TBR'])
