def rv_pqw(k, p, ecc, nu):
"""Returns r and v vectors in perifocal frame.
"""
r_pqw = (np.array([cos(nu), sin(nu), 0 * nu]) * p / (1 + ecc * cos(nu))).T
v_pqw = (np.array([-sin(nu), (ecc + cos(nu)), 0]) * sqrt(k / p)).T
return r_pqw, v_pqw
def rv_pqw(k, p, ecc, nu):
"""Returns r and v vectors in perifocal frame.
"""
r_pqw = (np.array([cos(nu), sin(nu), 0 * nu]) * p / (1 + ecc * cos(nu))).T
v_pqw = (np.array([-sin(nu), (ecc + cos(nu)), 0]) * sqrt(k / p)).T
return r_pqw, v_pqw
def rv_pqw(k, p, ecc, nu):
r"""Returns r and v vectors in perifocal frame.
.. math::
\vec{r} = \frac{h^2}{\mu}\frac{1}{1 + e\cos(\theta)}\begin{bmatrix}
\cos(\theta)\\
\sin(\theta)\\
0
\end{bmatrix} \\\\\\
\vec{v} = \frac{h^2}{\mu}\begin{bmatrix}
-\sin(\theta)\\
e+\cos(\theta)\\
0
\end{bmatrix}
Parameters
----------
k : float
Standard gravitational parameter (km^3 / s^2).
p : float
Semi-latus rectum or parameter (km).
ecc : float
Eccentricity.
nu: float
True anomaly (rad).
Returns
-------
r: ndarray
Position. Dimension 3 vector
v: ndarray
Velocity. Dimension 3 vector
Examples
--------
>>> from poliastro.constants import GM_earth
>>> k = GM_earth #Earth gravitational parameter
>>> ecc = 0.3 #Eccentricity
>>> h = 60000e6 #Angular momentum of the orbit [m^2]/[s]
>>> nu = np.deg2rad(120) #True Anomaly [rad]
>>> p = h**2 / k #Parameter of the orbit
>>> r, v = rv_pqw(k, p, ecc, nu)
>>> #Printing the results
r = [-5312706.25105345 9201877.15251336 0] [m]
v = [-5753.30180931 -1328.66813933 0] [m]/[s]
Note
----
These formulas can be checked at Curtis 3rd. Edition, page 110. Also the
example proposed is 2.11 of Curtis 3rd Edition book.
"""
r_pqw = (np.array([cos(nu), sin(nu), 0 * nu]) * p / (1 + ecc * cos(nu))).T
v_pqw = (np.array([-sin(nu), (ecc + cos(nu)), 0]) * sqrt(k / p)).T
return r_pqw, v_pqw
def rv_pqw(k, p, ecc, nu):
r"""Returns r and v vectors in perifocal frame.
.. math::
\vec{r} = \frac{h^2}{\mu}\frac{1}{1 + e\cos(\theta)}\begin{bmatrix}
\cos(\theta)\\
\sin(\theta)\\
0
\end{bmatrix} \\\\\\
\vec{v} = \frac{h^2}{\mu}\begin{bmatrix}
-\sin(\theta)\\
e+\cos(\theta)\\
0
\end{bmatrix}
Parameters
----------
k : float
Standard gravitational parameter (km^3 / s^2).
p : float
Semi-latus rectum or parameter (km).
ecc : float
Eccentricity.
nu: float
True anomaly (rad).
Returns
-------
r: ndarray
Position. Dimension 3 vector
v: ndarray
Velocity. Dimension 3 vector
Examples
--------
>>> from poliastro.constants import GM_earth
>>> k = GM_earth #Earth gravitational parameter
>>> ecc = 0.3 #Eccentricity
>>> h = 60000e6 #Angular momentum of the orbit [m^2]/[s]
>>> nu = np.deg2rad(120) #True Anomaly [rad]
>>> p = h**2 / k #Parameter of the orbit
>>> r, v = rv_pqw(k, p, ecc, nu)
>>> #Printing the results
r = [-5312706.25105345 9201877.15251336 0] [m]
v = [-5753.30180931 -1328.66813933 0] [m]/[s]
Note
----
These formulas can be checked at Curtis 3rd. Edition, page 110. Also the
example proposed is 2.11 of Curtis 3rd Edition book.
"""
r_pqw = (np.array([cos(nu), sin(nu), 0 * nu]) * p / (1 + ecc * cos(nu))).T
v_pqw = (np.array([-sin(nu), (ecc + cos(nu)), 0]) * sqrt(k / p)).T
return r_pqw, v_pqw
def get_declination(app_long: FlexNum, oblique_corr: FlexNum):
""" solar declination angle at ref_datetime"""
sal = radians(app_long)
oc = radians(oblique_corr)
declination = degrees(arcsin((sin(oc) * sin(sal))))
return declination
def get_zenith(declination: FlexNum, hour_angle: FlexNum, lat_r: FlexNum):
""" calculates solar zenith angle at ref_datetime"""
d = radians(declination)
ha = radians(hour_angle)
lat = lat_r
zenith = degrees(arccos(sin(lat) * sin(d) + cos(lat) * cos(d) * cos(ha)))
return zenith
def get_sun_eq_of_center(ajc: FlexNum, geomean_anom: FlexNum):
"""calculates the suns equation of center"""
gma = radians(geomean_anom)
sun_eq_of_center = \
sin(gma) * (1.914602 - ajc * (0.004817 + 0.000014 * ajc)) + \
sin(2 * gma) * (0.019993 - 0.000101 * ajc) + \
sin(3 * gma) * 0.000289
return sun_eq_of_center
def get_distance(locA, locB):
# use haversine forumla
print "ayyo"
earth_rad = 6371.0
dlat = deg2rad(locB[0] - locA[0])
dlon = deg2rad(locB[1] - locA[1])
a = sin(dlat / 2) * sin(dlat / 2) + \
cos(deg2rad(locA[0])) * cos(deg2rad(locB[0])) * \
sin(dlon / 2) * sin(dlon / 2)
c = 2 * arctan2(sqrt(a), sqrt(1 - a))
return earth_rad * c
def get_distance(locA, locB):
# use haversine forumla
print "ayyo"
earth_rad = 6371.0
dlat = deg2rad(locB[0] - locA[0])
dlon = deg2rad(locB[1] - locA[1])
a = sin(dlat / 2) * sin(dlat / 2) + \
cos(deg2rad(locA[0])) * cos(deg2rad(locB[0])) * \
sin(dlon / 2) * sin(dlon / 2)
c = 2 * arctan2(sqrt(a), sqrt(1 - a))
return earth_rad * c
def lat_lon_alt_to_ecef_xyz(R):
"""
see [1] p. 512
:param R: (φ,θ,h) -- lat [deg], lon [deg], alt in WGS84 (numpy array)
:return: (X,Y,Z) -- coordinates in ECEF (numpy array)
"""
# WGS 84 constants
a2 = 6378137.0 ** 2 # Equatorial Radius [m]
b2 = 6356752.314245 ** 2 # Polar Radius [m]
radius = lambda phi: sqrt(a2 * (cos(phi)) ** 2 + b2 * (sin(phi)) ** 2)
f, t, h = np.deg2rad(R[0]), np.deg2rad(R[1]), R[2]
X = cos(t) * cos(f) * (h + a2 / radius(f))
Y = sin(t) * cos(f) * (h + a2 / radius(f))
Z = sin(f) * (h + b2 / radius(f))
return np.array([X, Y, Z])
def lat_lon_alt_to_ecef_xyz(R):
"""
see [1] p. 512
:param R: (φ,θ,h) -- lat [deg], lon [deg], alt in WGS84 (numpy array)
:return: (X,Y,Z) -- coordinates in ECEF (numpy array)
"""
# WGS 84 constants
a2 = 6378137.0**2 # Equatorial Radius [m]
b2 = 6356752.314245**2 # Polar Radius [m]
radius = lambda phi: sqrt(a2 * (cos(phi))**2 + b2 * (sin(phi))**2)
f, t, h = np.deg2rad(R[0]), np.deg2rad(R[1]), R[2]
X = cos(t) * cos(f) * (h + a2 / radius(f))
Y = sin(t) * cos(f) * (h + a2 / radius(f))
Z = sin(f) * (h + b2 / radius(f))
return np.array([X, Y, Z])
def gauss_from_twiss(emit, beta, alpha):
phi = 2 * pi * np.random.rand()
u = np.random.rand()
a = sqrt(-2 * np.log((1 - u)) * emit)
x = a * sqrt(beta) * cos(phi)
xp = -a / sqrt(beta) * (sin(phi) + alpha * cos(phi))
return (x, xp)
def drawCreatures(self):
for i in range(0, len(self.gameField.creatures)):
c = self.gameField.creatures[i]
# creature
drawEfCircle(FIELD_X_OFFSET + c.xy.x, c.xy.y, CREATURE_SIZE, 10, GL_POLYGON, 0,
c.fitness / STARTING_FITNESS, 0)
# creature direction
drawLine(int(FIELD_X_OFFSET + c.xy.x), int(c.xy.y),
int(FIELD_X_OFFSET + (c.xy.x + cos(c.direction) * CREATURE_SIZE)),
int((c.xy.y + sin(c.direction) * CREATURE_SIZE)), 1, 0.3, 0.3, 1)
# creature's sight direction
if not (c.debug_info[0] > 10000): # inf
drawLine(int(FIELD_X_OFFSET + c.xy.x), int(c.xy.y),
int(FIELD_X_OFFSET + (c.xy.x + cos(c.debug_info[1]) * c.debug_info[0])),
int((c.xy.y + sin(c.debug_info[1]) * c.debug_info[0])), 1, 1, 0.3, 0.3)
def gauss_from_twiss(emit, beta, alpha):
phi = 2*pi * np.random.rand()
u = np.random.rand()
a = sqrt(-2*np.log( (1-u)) * emit)
x = a * sqrt(beta) * cos(phi)
xp = -a / sqrt(beta) * ( sin(phi) + alpha * cos(phi) )
return (x, xp)
def basis_function(k):
k_00 = 1e-1
if abs(k) <= k_00:
return 1 - 1 / 18 * k**2 + 1 / 792 * k**4
else:
return 105.0 / k**7 * (k * (k * k - 15) * cos(k) -
(6 * k * k - 15) * sin(k))
def sin(self):
if self.unit.is_angle():
return umath.sin(
self.value *
self.unit.conversion_factor_to(_unit_table['rad']))
else:
raise TypeError('Argument of sin must be an angle')
def update_metric(self, pos_mat, ang_vec):
#This method allows us to update the flocking model with the Metric model
#Each new velocity is constructed by averaging over all of the velocities within
#the radius selected, self.r.
#Inputs -- x-coordinates, y-coordinates, trajectories for time = t
#Outputs -- x-coordinates, y-coordinates, trajectories for time = t + (delta t)
avg_sin = 0 * ang_vec
avg_cos = 0 * ang_vec
for j in range(0, self.N):
#find distances for all particles
dist_vec = self.calc_dist(pos_mat, j)
#find indicies that are within the radius
ngbs_idx_vec = np.where(dist_vec <= self.r)[0]
if len(ngbs_idx_vec) == 0:
avg_sin[j] = 0
avg_cos[j] = 0
else:
#find average velocity of those inside the radius
sint = np.average(sin(ang_vec[ngbs_idx_vec]))
cost = np.average(cos(ang_vec[ngbs_idx_vec]))
avg_sin[j] = sint
avg_cos[j] = cost
#construct the noise
noise = self.theta_noise()
#update velocities and positions
cosi = (self.ep) * avg_cos + (1 - self.ep) * np.cos(ang_vec)
sini = (self.ep) * avg_sin + (1 - self.ep) * np.sin(ang_vec)
new_ang_vec = arctan2(sini, cosi) + noise
mask = self.status_vec == 1
new_ang_vec[mask] += np.pi
new_mod_ang_vec = np.mod(new_ang_vec, 2 * np.pi)
pos_mat[:, 0] = pos_mat[:, 0] + self.dt * self.v * cos(new_mod_ang_vec)
pos_mat[:, 1] = pos_mat[:, 1] + self.dt * self.v * sin(new_mod_ang_vec)
#Make sure that the positions are not outside the boundary.
#If so, correct for periodicity
pos_mat = self.check_boundary(pos_mat)
#Outputs returned
return (pos_mat, new_ang_vec)
def get_right_ascension(app_long: FlexNum, oblique_corr: FlexNum):
""" calculates the suns right ascension angle """
sal = radians(app_long)
oc = radians(oblique_corr)
right_ascension = degrees(arctan2(cos(oc) * sin(sal), cos(sal)))
return right_ascension
def predict_next_state(scenario: Scenario, current: MyState) -> MyState:
next: MyState = deepcopy(current)
delta_x: float = cos(
next.state.orientation) * next.state.velocity * scenario.dt
delta_y: float = sin(
next.state.orientation) * next.state.velocity * scenario.dt
next.state.position[0] += delta_x
next.state.position[1] += delta_y
return next
def get_equation_of_time(oblique_corr: FlexNum, geomean_long: FlexNum,
geomean_anom: FlexNum, earth_eccent: FlexNum):
""" calculates the equation of time in minutes """
oc = radians(oblique_corr)
gml = radians(geomean_long)
gma = radians(geomean_anom)
ec = earth_eccent
vary = tan(oc / 2)**2
equation_of_time = 4 * degrees(
vary * sin(2 * gml) - 2 * ec * sin(gma) + \
4 * ec * vary * sin(gma) * cos(2 * gml) - \
0.5 * vary * vary * sin(4 * gml) - \
1.25 * ec * ec * sin(2 * gma))
return equation_of_time
def rotation_matrix(angle, axis):
c = cos(angle)
s = sin(angle)
if axis == 0:
return np.array([[1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, c, -s], [0.0, s, c]])
elif axis == 1:
return np.array([[c, 0.0, s], [0.0, 1.0, 0.0], [s, 0.0, c]])
elif axis == 2:
return np.array([[c, -s, 0.0], [s, c, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 1.0]])
else:
raise ValueError("Invalid axis: must be one of 'x', 'y' or 'z'")
def sunposIntermediate(iYear, iMonth, iDay, dHours, dMinutes, dSeconds):
# Calculate difference in days between the current Julian Day
# and JD 2451545.0, which is noon 1 January 2000 Universal Time
# Calculate time of the day in UT decimal hours
dDecimalHours = dHours + (dMinutes + dSeconds / 60.0) / 60.0
# Calculate current Julian Day
liAux1 = (iMonth - 14) / 12
liAux2 = (1461 * (iYear + 4800 + liAux1)) / 4 + (
367 * (iMonth - 2 - 12 * liAux1)) / 12 - (3 * (
(iYear + 4900 + liAux1) / 100)) / 4 + iDay - 32075
dJulianDate = liAux2 - 0.5 + dDecimalHours / 24.0
# Calculate difference between current Julian Day and JD 2451545.0
dElapsedJulianDays = dJulianDate - 2451545.0
# Calculate ecliptic coordinates (ecliptic longitude and obliquity of the
# ecliptic in radians but without limiting the angle to be less than 2*Pi
# (i.e., the result may be greater than 2*Pi)
dOmega = 2.1429 - 0.0010394594 * dElapsedJulianDays
dMeanLongitude = 4.8950630 + 0.017202791698 * dElapsedJulianDays # Radians
dMeanAnomaly = 6.2400600 + 0.0172019699 * dElapsedJulianDays
dEclipticLongitude = dMeanLongitude + 0.03341607 * sin(
dMeanAnomaly) + 0.00034894 * sin(
2 * dMeanAnomaly) - 0.0001134 - 0.0000203 * sin(dOmega)
dEclipticObliquity = 0.4090928 - 6.2140e-9 * dElapsedJulianDays + 0.0000396 * cos(
dOmega)
# Calculate celestial coordinates ( right ascension and declination ) in radians
# but without limiting the angle to be less than 2*Pi (i.e., the result may be
# greater than 2*Pi)
dSin_EclipticLongitude = sin(dEclipticLongitude)
dY = cos(dEclipticObliquity) * dSin_EclipticLongitude
dX = cos(dEclipticLongitude)
dRightAscension = arctan2(dY, dX)
if dRightAscension < 0.0:
dRightAscension = dRightAscension + 2 * pi
dDeclination = arcsin(sin(dEclipticObliquity) * dSin_EclipticLongitude)
dGreenwichMeanSiderealTime = 6.6974243242 + 0.0657098283 * dElapsedJulianDays + dDecimalHours
return (dRightAscension, dDeclination, dGreenwichMeanSiderealTime)
def m_from_twiss(Tw1, Tw2):
#% Transport matrix M for two sets of Twiss parameters (alpha,beta,psi)
b1 = Tw1[1]
a1 = Tw1[0]
psi1 = Tw1[2]
b2 = Tw2[1]
a2 = Tw2[0]
psi2 = Tw2[2]
psi = psi2-psi1
cosp = cos(psi)
sinp = sin(psi)
M = np.zeros((2, 2))
M[0, 0] = sqrt(b2/b1)*(cosp+a1*sinp)
M[0, 1] = sqrt(b2*b1)*sinp
M[1, 0] = ((a1-a2)*cosp-(1+a1*a2)*sinp)/sqrt(b2*b1)
M[1, 1] = sqrt(b1/b2)*(cosp-a2*sinp)
return M
def m_from_twiss(Tw1, Tw2):
#% Transport matrix M for two sets of Twiss parameters (alpha,beta,psi)
b1 = Tw1[1]
a1 = Tw1[0]
psi1 = Tw1[2]
b2 = Tw2[1]
a2 = Tw2[0]
psi2 = Tw2[2]
psi = psi2 - psi1
cosp = cos(psi)
sinp = sin(psi)
M = np.zeros((2, 2))
M[0, 0] = sqrt(b2 / b1) * (cosp + a1 * sinp)
M[0, 1] = sqrt(b2 * b1) * sinp
M[1, 0] = ((a1 - a2) * cosp - (1 + a1 * a2) * sinp) / sqrt(b2 * b1)
M[1, 1] = sqrt(b1 / b2) * (cosp - a2 * sinp)
return M
def f(x1, x2):
return sign(x2 - x1 + (0.25 * sin(pi * x1)))
def waterbag_from_twiss(emit, beta, alpha):
phi = 2*pi * np.random.rand()
a = sqrt(emit) * np.random.rand()
x = a * sqrt(beta) * cos(phi)
xp = -a / sqrt(beta) * ( sin(phi) + alpha * cos(phi) )
return (x, xp)
def pol2cart(rho: float, phi: float) -> ndarray:
x = rho * cos(phi)
y = rho * sin(phi)
return array([x, y])
def _hc(k, cs, rho, omega):
return (cs / sin(omega) * (rho ** k) * sin(omega * (k + 1)) *
greater(k, -1))
def _hc(k, cs, rho, omega):
return (cs / sin(omega) * (rho**k) * sin(omega * (k + 1)) * greater(k, -1))
def sin(self):
if self.unit.isAngle():
return umath.sin(self.value * self.unit.conversionFactorTo(_unit_table["rad"]))
else:
raise TypeError("Argument of sin must be an angle")
def sinc(x):
"""sinc(x) returns sin(pi*x)/(pi*x) at all points of array x.
"""
y = pi * where(x == 0, 1.0e-20, x)
return sin(y) / y
#
numbers = logspace(1, 40, 5)
# [1.00000000e+01 5.62341325e+10 3.16227766e+20 1.77827941e+30
# 1.00000000e+40]
print(numbers)
print("%.2g" % numbers[0]) # 10
print("%.2g" % numbers[1]) # 5.6e+10
print("%.3g" % numbers[2]) # 3.16e+20
print("%.4g" % numbers[3]) # 1.778e+30
print("%.5g" % numbers[4]) # 1e+40
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a1 = array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
a1 = a1 + 5
print(a1) # [ 6 7 8 9 10]
a2 = array([6, 1, 9, 3, 2])
a3 = a1 + a2 # vectorized operation
print(a3) # [12 8 17 12 12]
# min, max, sqrt, pow, sort, etc
print(sin(a1)) # [-0.2794155 0.6569866 0.98935825 0.41211849 -0.54402111]
print(cos(a2)) # [ 0.96017029 0.54030231 -0.91113026 -0.9899925 -0.41614684]
print(log(a3)) # [2.48490665 2.07944154 2.83321334 2.48490665 2.48490665]
a4 = concatenate((a1, a2))
print(a4) # [ 6 7 8 9 10 6 1 9 3 2]
def random_ABCD(n,
p,
q,
pRepeat=0.01,
pReal=0.5,
pBCmask=0.90,
pDmask=0.8,
pDzero=0.5):
"""
Generate ONE n-th order random stable state-spaces, with q inputs and p outputs
copy/adapted from control-python library (Richard Murray): https://sourceforge.net/projects/python-control/
(thanks guys!)
possibly already adpated/copied from Mathworks or Octave
Parameters:
- n: number of states (default: random between 5 and 10)
- p: number of outputs (default: 1)
- q: number of inputs (default: 1)
- pRepeat: Probability of repeating a previous root (default: 0.01)
- pReal: Probability of choosing a real root (default: 0.5). Note that when choosing a complex root,
the conjugate gets chosen as well. So the expected proportion of real roots is pReal / (pReal + 2 * (1 - pReal))
- pBCmask: Probability that an element in B or C will not be masked out (default: 0.90)
- pDmask: Probability that an element in D will not be masked out (default: 0.8)
- pDzero: Probability that D = 0 (default: 0.5)
Returns a four numpy matrices A,B,C,D
"""
# Make some poles for A. Preallocate a complex array.
poles = zeros(n) + zeros(n) * 0.j
i = 0
while i < n:
if rand() < pRepeat and i != 0 and i != n - 1:
# Small chance of copying poles, if we're not at the first or last element.
if poles[i - 1].imag == 0:
poles[i] = poles[i - 1] # Copy previous real pole.
i += 1
else:
poles[i:i + 2] = poles[
i - 2:i] # Copy previous complex conjugate pair of poles.
i += 2
elif rand() < pReal or i == n - 1:
poles[i] = 2. * rand() - 1. # No-oscillation pole.
i += 1
else:
mag = rand() # Complex conjugate pair of oscillating poles.
phase = 2. * pi * rand()
poles[i] = complex(mag * cos(phase), mag * sin(phase))
poles[i + 1] = complex(poles[i].real, -poles[i].imag)
i += 2
# Now put the poles in A as real blocks on the diagonal.
A = zeros((n, n))
i = 0
while i < n:
if poles[i].imag == 0:
A[i, i] = poles[i].real
i += 1
else:
A[i, i] = A[i + 1, i + 1] = poles[i].real
A[i, i + 1] = poles[i].imag
A[i + 1, i] = -poles[i].imag
i += 2
while True: # Finally, apply a transformation so that A is not block-diagonal.
T = randn(n, n)
try:
A = dot(solve(T, A), T) # A = T \ A * T
break
except LinAlgError:
# In the unlikely event that T is rank-deficient, iterate again.
pass
# Make the remaining matrices.
B = randn(n, q)
C = randn(p, n)
D = randn(p, q)
# Make masks to zero out some of the elements.
while True:
Bmask = rand(n, q) < pBCmask
if not Bmask.all(): # Retry if we get all zeros.
break
while True:
Cmask = rand(p, n) < pBCmask
if not Cmask.all(): # Retry if we get all zeros.
break
if rand() < pDzero:
Dmask = zeros((p, q))
else:
while True:
Dmask = rand(p, q) < pDmask
if not Dmask.all(): # Retry if we get all zeros.
break
# Apply masks.
B *= Bmask
C *= Cmask
# D *= Dmask
return A, B, C, D
def sind(x):
return sin(deg2rad(x))
def func3(x):
return x - (e**x + sin(x) - 4) / (e**x + cos(x))
import pickle
#创建二维样本数据
from numpy.core.umath import pi, cos, sin
n = 200
#两个正态分布数据集
class_1 = 0.6 * randn(n,2)
class_2 = 1.2 * randn(n,2) + array([5,1])
labels = hstack((ones(n), -ones(n))) #Stack arrays in sequence horizontally (column wise).
#用pickle保存
with open('points_normal_test.pkl', 'w') as f:
# with open('points_normal.pkl', 'w') as f:
pickle.dump(class_1, f)
pickle.dump(class_2, f)
pickle.dump(labels,f)
#正态分布,并使数据成环绕状分布
class_1 = 0.6 * randn(n,2)
r = 0.8 * randn(n,1) + 5
angle = 2*pi*randn(n,1)
class_2 = hstack((r*cos(angle), r*sin(angle)))
labels = hstack((ones(n), -ones(n)))
with open('points_ring_test.pkl','w') as f:
# with open('points_ring.pkl','w') as f:
pickle.dump(class_1, f)
pickle.dump(class_2, f)
pickle.dump(labels,f)
def move(self):
self.__change_angle()
x = self.x + cos(self.angle) * self.STEP_SIZE
y = self.y + sin(self.angle) * self.STEP_SIZE
return self.__change_position(x, y)
def sinc(x):
"""sinc(x) returns sin(pi*x)/(pi*x) at all points of array x.
"""
y = pi* where(x == 0, 1.0e-20, x)
return sin(y)/y
def func(x):
return sin(x) - x + pi/4.0
def _hs(k, cs, rho, omega):
c0 = (cs * cs * (1 + rho * rho) / (1 - rho * rho) /
(1 - 2 * rho * rho * cos(2 * omega) + rho**4))
gamma = (1 - rho * rho) / (1 + rho * rho) / tan(omega)
ak = abs(k)
return c0 * rho**ak * (cos(omega * ak) + gamma * sin(omega * ak))
def waterbag_from_twiss(emit, beta, alpha):
phi = 2 * pi * np.random.rand()
a = sqrt(emit) * np.random.rand()
x = a * sqrt(beta) * cos(phi)
xp = -a / sqrt(beta) * (sin(phi) + alpha * cos(phi))
return (x, xp)
def _hs(k, cs, rho, omega):
c0 = (cs * cs * (1 + rho * rho) / (1 - rho * rho) /
(1 - 2 * rho * rho * cos(2 * omega) + rho ** 4))
gamma = (1 - rho * rho) / (1 + rho * rho) / tan(omega)
ak = abs(k)
return c0 * rho ** ak * (cos(omega * ak) + gamma * sin(omega * ak))
def move(self):
self.__change_angle()
x = self.x + cos(self.angle) * self.STEP_SIZE
y = self.y + sin(self.angle) * self.STEP_SIZE
return self.__change_position(x, y)