def test_no_graph_exception(self):
"""Test that an exception is raised for analytically differentiable
operations if use_graph=False"""
with CVParamShiftTape() as tape:
qml.Rotation(0.543, wires=[0])
qml.expval(qml.P(0))
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="must always use the graph"):
tape._grad_method(0, use_graph=False)
def qf(x, y):
qml.Displacement(x, 0, wires=[0])
qml.Displacement(1.2, y, wires=[1])
qml.Beamsplitter(0.2, 1.7, wires=[0, 1])
qml.Rotation(1.9, wires=[0])
qml.Kerr(0.3, wires=[
1
]) # nongaussian succeeding both x and y due to the beamsplitter
return qml.expval(qml.X(0)), qml.expval(qml.X(1))
def test_second_order_expectation(self):
"""Test that the expectation of a second-order observable forces
the gradient method to use the second-order parameter-shift rule"""
with CVParamShiftTape() as tape:
qml.Rotation(1.0, wires=[0])
qml.expval(qml.NumberOperator(0)) # second order
assert tape._grad_method(0) == "A2"
def circuit_decomposed(*weights):
# Interferometer (replace with operation once this template is refactored)
qml.Beamsplitter(weights[0][0, 0], weights[1][0, 0], wires=[0, 1])
qml.Rotation(weights[2][0, 0], wires=0)
qml.Rotation(weights[2][0, 1], wires=1)
qml.Squeezing(weights[3][0, 0], weights[4][0, 0], wires=0)
qml.Squeezing(weights[3][0, 1], weights[4][0, 1], wires=1)
# Interferometer
qml.Beamsplitter(weights[5][0, 0], weights[6][0, 0], wires=[0, 1])
qml.Rotation(weights[7][0, 0], wires=0)
qml.Rotation(weights[7][0, 1], wires=1)
qml.Displacement(weights[8][0, 0], weights[9][0, 0], wires=0)
qml.Displacement(weights[8][0, 1], weights[9][0, 1], wires=1)
qml.Kerr(weights[10][0, 0], wires=0)
qml.Kerr(weights[10][0, 1], wires=1)
return qml.expval(qml.X(0))
def circuit(x):
args = [0.3] * G.num_params
args[0] = x
qml.Displacement(0.5, 0, wires=0)
G(*args, wires=range(G.num_wires))
qml.Beamsplitter(1.3, -2.3, wires=[0, 1])
qml.Displacement(-0.5, 0.1, wires=0)
qml.Squeezing(0.5, -1.5, wires=0)
qml.Rotation(-1.1, wires=0)
return qml.expval(O(wires=0))
def cost_fn(x):
with JAXInterface.apply(qml.tape.CVParamShiftTape()) as tape:
qml.Squeezing(params[0], 0, wires=0)
qml.Rotation(params[1], wires=0)
qml.var(qml.X(wires=[0]))
tape.trainable_params = {0, 2}
tapes, fn = qml.gradients.param_shift_cv(tape, dev)
jac = fn([t.execute(dev) for t in tapes])
return jac
def test_probability(self):
"""Probability is the expectation value of a
higher order observable, and thus only supports numerical
differentiation"""
with CVParamShiftTape() as tape:
qml.Rotation(0.543, wires=[0])
qml.Squeezing(0.543, 0, wires=[0])
probs(wires=0)
assert tape._grad_method(0) == "F"
assert tape._grad_method(1) == "F"
assert tape._grad_method(2) == "F"
def test_probability(self):
"""Probability is the expectation value of a
higher order observable, and thus only supports numerical
differentiation"""
with qml.tape.JacobianTape() as tape:
qml.Rotation(0.543, wires=[0])
qml.Squeezing(0.543, 0, wires=[0])
qml.probs(wires=0)
assert _grad_method(tape, 0) == "F"
assert _grad_method(tape, 1) == "F"
assert _grad_method(tape, 2) == "F"
def test_unknown_op_grad_method(self, monkeypatch):
"""Test that an exception is raised if an operator has a
grad method defined that the CV parameter-shift tape
doesn't recognize"""
monkeypatch.setattr(qml.Rotation, "grad_method", "B")
with qml.tape.JacobianTape() as tape:
qml.Rotation(1.0, wires=0)
qml.expval(qml.X(0))
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="unknown gradient method"):
_grad_method(tape, 0)
def qfunc(a, b, c, d, e, f):
qml.ThermalState(3, wires=[1])
qml.GaussianState(2 * np.eye(8), np.array([1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]), wires=[0, 1, 2, 3])
qml.Rotation(a, wires=0)
qml.Rotation(b, wires=1)
qml.Beamsplitter(d, 1, wires=[0, 1])
qml.Beamsplitter(e, 1, wires=[1, 2])
qml.Displacement(f, 0, wires=[3])
qml.Squeezing(2.3, 0, wires=[0])
qml.Squeezing(2.3, 0, wires=[2])
qml.Beamsplitter(d, 1, wires=[1, 2])
qml.Beamsplitter(e, 1, wires=[2, 3])
qml.TwoModeSqueezing(2, 2, wires=[3, 1])
qml.ControlledPhase(2.3, wires=[2, 1])
qml.ControlledAddition(2, wires=[0, 3])
qml.QuadraticPhase(4, wires=[0])
return [
qml.expval(qml.ops.PolyXP(np.array([0, 1, 2]), wires=0)),
qml.expval(qml.ops.QuadOperator(4, wires=1)),
qml.expval(qml.ops.FockStateProjector(np.array([1, 5]), wires=[2, 3])),
]
def cost_fn(x):
with qml.tape.JacobianTape() as tape:
qml.Squeezing(x[0], 0, wires=0)
qml.Rotation(x[1], wires=0)
qml.var(qml.X(wires=[0]))
tapes, fn = param_shift_cv(tape, dev)
jac = fn(
qml.execute(tapes,
dev,
param_shift_cv,
gradient_kwargs={"dev": dev}))
return jac[0, 2]
def test_finite_diff(self, monkeypatch):
"""If an op has grad_method=F, this should be respected
by the CVParamShiftTape"""
monkeypatch.setattr(qml.Rotation, "grad_method", "F")
with CVParamShiftTape() as tape:
qml.Rotation(0.543, wires=[0])
qml.Squeezing(0.543, 0, wires=[0])
expval(qml.P(0))
assert tape._grad_method(0) == "F"
assert tape._grad_method(1) == "A"
assert tape._grad_method(2) == "A"
def test_finite_diff(self, monkeypatch):
"""If an op has grad_method=F, this should be respected
by the qml.tape.JacobianTape"""
monkeypatch.setattr(qml.Rotation, "grad_method", "F")
with qml.tape.JacobianTape() as tape:
qml.Rotation(0.543, wires=[0])
qml.Squeezing(0.543, 0, wires=[0])
qml.expval(qml.P(0))
assert _grad_method(tape, 0) == "F"
assert _grad_method(tape, 1) == "A"
assert _grad_method(tape, 2) == "A"
def interferometer(params, q):
N = len(q)
theta, phi, rphi = split_interferometer_params(params, N)
if N == 1:
# the interferometer is a single rotation
qml.Rotation(rphi[0], wires=q[0])
return
n = 0 # keep track of free parameters
# Apply the rectangular beamsplitter array
# The array depth is N
for l in range(N):
for k, (q1, q2) in enumerate(zip(q[:-1], q[1:])):
# skip even or odd pairs depending on layer
if (l + k) % 2 != 1:
qml.Beamsplitter(theta[n], phi[n], wires=[q1, q2])
n += 1
# apply the final local phase shifts to all modes except the last one
for i in range(max(1, N - 1)):
qml.Rotation(rphi[i], wires=q[i])
def cost_fn(x):
with qml.tape.JacobianTape() as tape:
qml.Squeezing(params[0], 0, wires=0)
qml.Rotation(params[1], wires=0)
qml.var(qml.X(wires=[0]))
tape.trainable_params = {0, 2}
tapes, fn = qml.gradients.param_shift_cv(tape, dev)
jac = fn(
qml.execute(
tapes, dev, param_shift_cv, gradient_kwargs={"dev": dev}, interface="jax"
)
)
return jac
def test_force_order2(self, mocker):
"""Test that if the force_order2 keyword argument is provided,
the second order parameter shift rule is forced"""
spy = mocker.spy(qml.gradients.parameter_shift_cv, "second_order_param_shift")
dev = qml.device("default.gaussian", wires=1)
with qml.tape.JacobianTape() as tape:
qml.Displacement(1.0, 0.0, wires=[0])
qml.Rotation(2.0, wires=[0])
qml.expval(qml.X(0))
tape.trainable_params = {0, 1, 2}
qml.gradients.param_shift_cv(tape, dev, force_order2=False)
spy.assert_not_called()
qml.gradients.param_shift_cv(tape, dev, force_order2=True)
spy.assert_called()
def test_no_poly_xp_support_variance(self, mocker, monkeypatch, caplog):
"""Test that if a device does not support PolyXP
and the variance parameter-shift rule is required,
we fallback to finite differences."""
spy = mocker.spy(qml.gradients.parameter_shift_cv, "var_param_shift")
dev = qml.device("default.gaussian", wires=1)
monkeypatch.delitem(dev._observable_map, "PolyXP")
with qml.tape.JacobianTape() as tape:
qml.Rotation(1.0, wires=[0])
qml.var(qml.X(0))
tape.trainable_params = {0}
with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match="does not support the PolyXP observable"):
qml.gradients.param_shift_cv(tape, dev)
spy.assert_not_called()
def qfunc(a, b, c, d, e, f):
qml.Rotation(a, wires=wires[0]),
qml.Rotation(b, wires=wires[1]),
qml.Rotation(c, wires=wires[2]),
qml.Beamsplitter(d, 1, wires=[wires[0], wires[1]])
qml.Rotation(1, wires=wires[0]),
qml.Rotation(e, wires=wires[1]),
qml.Rotation(f, wires=wires[2]),
return [
qml.expval(qml.ops.NumberOperator(wires=wires[0])),
qml.expval(qml.ops.NumberOperator(wires=wires[1])),
qml.expval(qml.ops.NumberOperator(wires=wires[2])),
]
def qfunc(a, b, c, d, e, f):
qml.Rotation(a, wires=0),
qml.Rotation(b, wires=1),
qml.Rotation(c, wires=2),
qml.Beamsplitter(d, 1, wires=[0, 1])
qml.Rotation(1, wires=0),
qml.Rotation(e, wires=1),
qml.Rotation(f, wires=2),
return [
qml.expval(qml.ops.NumberOperator(wires=0)),
qml.expval(qml.ops.NumberOperator(wires=1)),
qml.expval(qml.ops.NumberOperator(wires=2)),
]
def test_squeezed_mean_photon_variance(self, tol):
"""Test gradient of the photon variance of a displaced thermal state"""
dev = qml.device("default.gaussian", wires=1)
r = 0.12
phi = 0.105
with CVParamShiftTape() as tape:
qml.Squeezing(r, 0, wires=0)
qml.Rotation(phi, wires=0)
qml.var(qml.X(wires=[0]))
tape.trainable_params = {0, 2}
grad = tape.jacobian(dev, method="analytic")
expected = np.array([
2 * np.exp(2 * r) * np.sin(phi)**2 -
2 * np.exp(-2 * r) * np.cos(phi)**2,
2 * np.sinh(2 * r) * np.sin(2 * phi),
])
assert np.allclose(grad, expected, atol=tol, rtol=0)
def test_torch(self, tol):
"""Tests that the output of the parameter-shift CV transform
can be executed using Torch."""
torch = pytest.importorskip("torch")
dev = qml.device("default.gaussian", wires=1)
params = torch.tensor([0.543, -0.654],
dtype=torch.float64,
requires_grad=True)
with qml.tape.JacobianTape() as tape:
qml.Squeezing(params[0], 0, wires=0)
qml.Rotation(params[1], wires=0)
qml.var(qml.X(wires=[0]))
tape.trainable_params = {0, 2}
tapes, fn = qml.gradients.param_shift_cv(tape, dev)
jac = fn(
qml.execute(tapes,
dev,
param_shift_cv,
gradient_kwargs={"dev": dev},
interface="torch"))
r, phi = params.detach().numpy()
expected = np.array([
2 * np.exp(2 * r) * np.sin(phi)**2 -
2 * np.exp(-2 * r) * np.cos(phi)**2,
2 * np.sinh(2 * r) * np.sin(2 * phi),
])
assert np.allclose(jac.detach().numpy(), expected, atol=tol, rtol=0)
cost = jac[0, 1]
cost.backward()
hess = params.grad
expected = np.array([
4 * np.cosh(2 * r) * np.sin(2 * phi),
4 * np.cos(2 * phi) * np.sinh(2 * r)
])
assert np.allclose(hess.detach().numpy(), expected, atol=0.1, rtol=0)
def test_force_order2(self, mocker):
"""Test that if the force_order2 keyword argument is provided,
the second order parameter shift rule is forced"""
dev = qml.device("default.gaussian", wires=1)
with CVParamShiftTape() as tape:
qml.Displacement(1.0, 0.0, wires=[0])
qml.Rotation(2.0, wires=[0])
expval(qml.X(0))
tape.trainable_params = {0, 1, 2}
spy1 = mocker.spy(tape, "parameter_shift_first_order")
spy2 = mocker.spy(tape, "parameter_shift_second_order")
tape.jacobian(dev, method="analytic", force_order2=False)
spy1.assert_called()
spy2.assert_not_called()
tape.jacobian(dev, method="analytic", force_order2=True)
spy2.assert_called()
def test_squeezed_mean_photon_variance(self, tol):
"""Test gradient of the photon variance of a displaced thermal state"""
dev = qml.device("default.gaussian", wires=1)
r = 0.12
phi = 0.105
with qml.tape.JacobianTape() as tape:
qml.Squeezing(r, 0, wires=0)
qml.Rotation(phi, wires=0)
qml.var(qml.X(wires=[0]))
tape.trainable_params = {0, 2}
tapes, fn = param_shift_cv(tape, dev)
grad = fn(dev.batch_execute(tapes))
expected = np.array([
2 * np.exp(2 * r) * np.sin(phi)**2 -
2 * np.exp(-2 * r) * np.cos(phi)**2,
2 * np.sinh(2 * r) * np.sin(2 * phi),
])
assert np.allclose(grad, expected, atol=tol, rtol=0)
def test_tf(self, tol):
"""Tests that the output of the parameter-shift CV transform
can be executed using TF"""
tf = pytest.importorskip("tensorflow")
dev = qml.device("default.gaussian", wires=1)
params = tf.Variable([0.543, -0.654], dtype=tf.float64)
with tf.GradientTape() as t:
with qml.tape.JacobianTape() as tape:
qml.Squeezing(params[0], 0, wires=0)
qml.Rotation(params[1], wires=0)
qml.var(qml.X(wires=[0]))
tape.trainable_params = {0, 2}
tapes, fn = param_shift_cv(tape, dev)
jac = fn(
qml.execute(tapes,
dev,
param_shift_cv,
gradient_kwargs={"dev": dev},
interface="tf"))
res = jac[0, 1]
r, phi = 1.0 * params
expected = np.array([
2 * np.exp(2 * r) * np.sin(phi)**2 -
2 * np.exp(-2 * r) * np.cos(phi)**2,
2 * np.sinh(2 * r) * np.sin(2 * phi),
])
assert np.allclose(jac, expected, atol=tol, rtol=0)
grad = t.jacobian(res, params)
expected = np.array([
4 * np.cosh(2 * r) * np.sin(2 * phi),
4 * np.cos(2 * phi) * np.sinh(2 * r)
])
assert np.allclose(grad, expected, atol=tol, rtol=0)
def test_gradients_gaussian_circuit(self, op, obs, tol):
"""Tests that the gradients of circuits of gaussian gates match between the
finite difference and analytic methods."""
tol = 1e-2
args = np.linspace(0.2, 0.5, op.num_params)
with qml.tape.JacobianTape() as tape:
qml.Displacement(0.5, 0, wires=0)
op(*args, wires=range(op.num_wires))
qml.Beamsplitter(1.3, -2.3, wires=[0, 1])
qml.Displacement(-0.5, 0.1, wires=0)
qml.Squeezing(0.5, -1.5, wires=0)
qml.Rotation(-1.1, wires=0)
qml.var(obs(wires=0))
dev = qml.device("default.gaussian", wires=2)
res = tape.execute(dev)
tape.trainable_params = set(range(2, 2 + op.num_params))
# jacobians must match
tapes, fn = qml.gradients.finite_diff(tape)
grad_F = fn(dev.batch_execute(tapes))
tapes, fn = param_shift_cv(tape, dev)
grad_A = fn(dev.batch_execute(tapes))
tapes, fn = param_shift_cv(tape, dev, force_order2=True)
grad_A2 = fn(dev.batch_execute(tapes))
assert np.allclose(grad_A2, grad_F, atol=tol, rtol=0)
assert np.allclose(grad_A, grad_F, atol=tol, rtol=0)
# check that every parameter is analytic
if obs != qml.NumberOperator:
for i in range(op.num_params):
assert tape._par_info[2 + i]["grad_method"][0] == "A"
def test_gradients_gaussian_circuit(self, op, obs, mocker, tol):
"""Tests that the gradients of circuits of gaussian gates match between the
finite difference and analytic methods."""
tol = 1e-2
args = np.linspace(0.2, 0.5, op.num_params)
with CVParamShiftTape() as tape:
qml.Displacement(0.5, 0, wires=0)
op(*args, wires=range(op.num_wires))
qml.Beamsplitter(1.3, -2.3, wires=[0, 1])
qml.Displacement(-0.5, 0.1, wires=0)
qml.Squeezing(0.5, -1.5, wires=0)
qml.Rotation(-1.1, wires=0)
expval(obs(wires=0))
dev = qml.device("default.gaussian", wires=2)
res = tape.execute(dev)
tape._update_gradient_info()
tape.trainable_params = set(range(2, 2 + op.num_params))
# check that every parameter is analytic
for i in range(op.num_params):
assert tape._par_info[2 + i]["grad_method"][0] == "A"
spy = mocker.spy(CVParamShiftTape, "parameter_shift_first_order")
grad_F = tape.jacobian(dev, method="numeric")
grad_A2 = tape.jacobian(dev, method="analytic", force_order2=True)
spy.assert_not_called()
assert np.allclose(grad_A2, grad_F, atol=tol, rtol=0)
if obs.ev_order == 1:
grad_A = tape.jacobian(dev, method="analytic")
spy.assert_called()
assert np.allclose(grad_A, grad_F, atol=tol, rtol=0)
def test_torch(self, tol):
"""Tests that the output of the parameter-shift CV transform
can be executed using Torch."""
torch = pytest.importorskip("torch")
from pennylane.interfaces.torch import TorchInterface
dev = qml.device("default.gaussian", wires=1)
params = torch.tensor([0.543, -0.654],
dtype=torch.float64,
requires_grad=True)
with TorchInterface.apply(qml.tape.CVParamShiftTape()) as tape:
qml.Squeezing(params[0], 0, wires=0)
qml.Rotation(params[1], wires=0)
qml.var(qml.X(wires=[0]))
tapes, fn = qml.gradients.param_shift_cv(tape, dev)
jac = fn([t.execute(dev) for t in tapes])
r, phi = params.detach().numpy()
expected = np.array([
2 * np.exp(2 * r) * np.sin(phi)**2 -
2 * np.exp(-2 * r) * np.cos(phi)**2,
2 * np.sinh(2 * r) * np.sin(2 * phi),
])
assert np.allclose(jac.detach().numpy(), expected, atol=tol, rtol=0)
cost = jac[0, 1]
cost.backward()
hess = params.grad
expected = np.array([
4 * np.cosh(2 * r) * np.sin(2 * phi),
4 * np.cos(2 * phi) * np.sinh(2 * r)
])
assert np.allclose(hess.detach().numpy(), expected, atol=0.1, rtol=0)
class TestRepresentationResolver:
"""Test the RepresentationResolver class."""
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"list,element,index,list_after",
[
([1, 2, 3], 2, 1, [1, 2, 3]),
([1, 2, 2, 3], 2, 1, [1, 2, 2, 3]),
([1, 2, 3], 4, 3, [1, 2, 3, 4]),
],
)
def test_index_of_array_or_append(self, list, element, index, list_after):
"""Test the method index_of_array_or_append."""
assert RepresentationResolver.index_of_array_or_append(element,
list) == index
assert list == list_after
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"par,expected",
[
(3, "3"),
(5.236422, "5.24"),
],
)
def test_single_parameter_representation(self,
unicode_representation_resolver,
par, expected):
"""Test that single parameters are properly resolved."""
assert unicode_representation_resolver.single_parameter_representation(
par) == expected
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"op,wire,target",
[
(qml.PauliX(wires=[1]), 1, "X"),
(qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]), 1, "X"),
(qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1]), 1, "X"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1]), 2, "C"),
(qml.CSWAP(wires=[0, 2, 1]), 1, "SWAP"),
(qml.CSWAP(wires=[0, 2, 1]), 2, "SWAP"),
(qml.CSWAP(wires=[0, 2, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.PauliY(wires=[1]), 1, "Y"),
(qml.PauliZ(wires=[1]), 1, "Z"),
(qml.CZ(wires=[0, 1]), 1, "Z"),
(qml.CZ(wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.Identity(wires=[1]), 1, "I"),
(qml.Hadamard(wires=[1]), 1, "H"),
(qml.PauliRot(3.14, "XX", wires=[0, 1]), 1, "RX(3.14)"),
(qml.PauliRot(3.14, "YZ", wires=[0, 1]), 1, "RZ(3.14)"),
(qml.PauliRot(3.14, "IXYZI", wires=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4
]), 0, "RI(3.14)"),
(qml.PauliRot(3.14, "IXYZI", wires=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4
]), 1, "RX(3.14)"),
(qml.PauliRot(3.14, "IXYZI", wires=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4
]), 2, "RY(3.14)"),
(qml.PauliRot(3.14, "IXYZI", wires=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4
]), 3, "RZ(3.14)"),
(qml.PauliRot(3.14, "IXYZI", wires=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4
]), 4, "RI(3.14)"),
(qml.MultiRZ(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "RZ(3.14)"),
(qml.MultiRZ(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "RZ(3.14)"),
(qml.CRX(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "RX(3.14)"),
(qml.CRX(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.CRY(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "RY(3.14)"),
(qml.CRY(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.CRZ(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "RZ(3.14)"),
(qml.CRZ(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.CRot(3.14, 2.14, 1.14, wires=[0, 1
]), 1, "Rot(3.14, 2.14, 1.14)"),
(qml.CRot(3.14, 2.14, 1.14, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.PhaseShift(3.14, wires=[0]), 0, "Rϕ(3.14)"),
(qml.Beamsplitter(1, 2, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "BS(1, 2)"),
(qml.Beamsplitter(1, 2, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "BS(1, 2)"),
(qml.Squeezing(1, 2, wires=[1]), 1, "S(1, 2)"),
(qml.TwoModeSqueezing(1, 2, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "S(1, 2)"),
(qml.TwoModeSqueezing(1, 2, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "S(1, 2)"),
(qml.Displacement(1, 2, wires=[1]), 1, "D(1, 2)"),
(qml.NumberOperator(wires=[1]), 1, "n"),
(qml.Rotation(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "R(3.14)"),
(qml.ControlledAddition(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "X(3.14)"),
(qml.ControlledAddition(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.ControlledPhase(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "Z(3.14)"),
(qml.ControlledPhase(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.ThermalState(3, wires=[1]), 1, "Thermal(3)"),
(
qml.GaussianState(np.array([[2, 0], [0, 2]]),
np.array([1, 2]),
wires=[1]),
1,
"Gaussian(M0,M1)",
),
(qml.QuadraticPhase(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "P(3.14)"),
(qml.RX(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "RX(3.14)"),
(qml.S(wires=[2]), 2, "S"),
(qml.T(wires=[2]), 2, "T"),
(qml.RX(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "RX(3.14)"),
(qml.RY(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "RY(3.14)"),
(qml.RZ(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "RZ(3.14)"),
(qml.Rot(3.14, 2.14, 1.14, wires=[1]), 1, "Rot(3.14, 2.14, 1.14)"),
(qml.U1(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "U1(3.14)"),
(qml.U2(3.14, 2.14, wires=[1]), 1, "U2(3.14, 2.14)"),
(qml.U3(3.14, 2.14, 1.14, wires=[1]), 1, "U3(3.14, 2.14, 1.14)"),
(qml.BasisState(np.array([0, 1, 0]), wires=[1, 2, 3]), 1, "|0⟩"),
(qml.BasisState(np.array([0, 1, 0]), wires=[1, 2, 3]), 2, "|1⟩"),
(qml.BasisState(np.array([0, 1, 0]), wires=[1, 2, 3]), 3, "|0⟩"),
(qml.QubitStateVector(np.array([0, 1, 0, 0]),
wires=[1, 2]), 1, "QubitStateVector(M0)"),
(qml.QubitStateVector(np.array([0, 1, 0, 0]),
wires=[1, 2]), 2, "QubitStateVector(M0)"),
(qml.QubitUnitary(np.eye(2), wires=[1]), 1, "U0"),
(qml.QubitUnitary(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2]), 2, "U0"),
(qml.Kerr(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "Kerr(3.14)"),
(qml.CrossKerr(3.14, wires=[1, 2]), 1, "CrossKerr(3.14)"),
(qml.CrossKerr(3.14, wires=[1, 2]), 2, "CrossKerr(3.14)"),
(qml.CubicPhase(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "V(3.14)"),
(qml.InterferometerUnitary(
np.eye(4), wires=[1, 3]), 1, "InterferometerUnitary(M0)"),
(qml.InterferometerUnitary(
np.eye(4), wires=[1, 3]), 3, "InterferometerUnitary(M0)"),
(qml.CatState(3.14, 2.14, 1,
wires=[1]), 1, "CatState(3.14, 2.14, 1)"),
(qml.CoherentState(3.14, 2.14,
wires=[1]), 1, "CoherentState(3.14, 2.14)"),
(
qml.FockDensityMatrix(np.kron(np.eye(4), np.eye(4)),
wires=[1, 2]),
1,
"FockDensityMatrix(M0)",
),
(
qml.FockDensityMatrix(np.kron(np.eye(4), np.eye(4)),
wires=[1, 2]),
2,
"FockDensityMatrix(M0)",
),
(
qml.DisplacedSqueezedState(3.14, 2.14, 1.14, 0.14, wires=[1]),
1,
"DisplacedSqueezedState(3.14, 2.14, 1.14, 0.14)",
),
(qml.FockState(7, wires=[1]), 1, "|7⟩"),
(qml.FockStateVector(np.array([4, 5, 7]), wires=[1, 2, 3
]), 1, "|4⟩"),
(qml.FockStateVector(np.array([4, 5, 7]), wires=[1, 2, 3
]), 2, "|5⟩"),
(qml.FockStateVector(np.array([4, 5, 7]), wires=[1, 2, 3
]), 3, "|7⟩"),
(qml.SqueezedState(3.14, 2.14,
wires=[1]), 1, "SqueezedState(3.14, 2.14)"),
(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2]), 1, "H0"),
(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2]), 2, "H0"),
(qml.X(wires=[1]), 1, "x"),
(qml.P(wires=[1]), 1, "p"),
(qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3]), 1, "|4,5,7╳4,5,7|"),
(
qml.PolyXP(np.array([1, 2, 0, -1.3, 6]), wires=[1]),
2,
"1+2x₀-1.3x₁+6p₁",
),
(
qml.PolyXP(np.array([[1.2, 2.3, 4.5], [-1.2, 1.2, -1.5],
[-1.3, 4.5, 2.3]]),
wires=[1]),
1,
"1.2+1.1x₀+3.2p₀+1.2x₀²+2.3p₀²+3x₀p₀",
),
(
qml.PolyXP(
np.array([
[1.2, 2.3, 4.5, 0, 0],
[-1.2, 1.2, -1.5, 0, 0],
[-1.3, 4.5, 2.3, 0, 0],
[0, 2.6, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, -4.7, -1.0],
]),
wires=[1],
),
1,
"1.2+1.1x₀+3.2p₀+1.2x₀²+2.3p₀²+3x₀p₀+2.6x₀x₁-p₁²-4.7x₁p₁",
),
(qml.QuadOperator(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "cos(3.14)x+sin(3.14)p"),
(qml.PauliX(wires=[1]).inv(), 1, "X⁻¹"),
(qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]).inv(), 1, "X⁻¹"),
(qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]).inv(), 0, "C"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1]).inv(), 1, "X⁻¹"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1]).inv(), 0, "C"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1]).inv(), 2, "C"),
(qml.measure.sample(wires=[0, 1]), 0,
"basis"), # not providing an observable in
(qml.measure.sample(wires=[0, 1]), 1,
"basis"), # sample gets displayed as raw
(two_wire_quantum_tape(), 0, "QuantumTape:T0"),
(two_wire_quantum_tape(), 1, "QuantumTape:T0"),
],
)
def test_operator_representation_unicode(self,
unicode_representation_resolver,
op, wire, target):
"""Test that an Operator instance is properly resolved."""
assert unicode_representation_resolver.operator_representation(
op, wire) == target
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"op,wire,target",
[
(qml.PauliX(wires=[1]), 1, "X"),
(qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]), 1, "X"),
(qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1]), 1, "X"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1]), 2, "C"),
(qml.CSWAP(wires=[0, 2, 1]), 1, "SWAP"),
(qml.CSWAP(wires=[0, 2, 1]), 2, "SWAP"),
(qml.CSWAP(wires=[0, 2, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.PauliY(wires=[1]), 1, "Y"),
(qml.PauliZ(wires=[1]), 1, "Z"),
(qml.CZ(wires=[0, 1]), 1, "Z"),
(qml.CZ(wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.Identity(wires=[1]), 1, "I"),
(qml.Hadamard(wires=[1]), 1, "H"),
(qml.CRX(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "RX(3.14)"),
(qml.CRX(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.CRY(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "RY(3.14)"),
(qml.CRY(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.CRZ(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "RZ(3.14)"),
(qml.CRZ(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.CRot(3.14, 2.14, 1.14, wires=[0, 1
]), 1, "Rot(3.14, 2.14, 1.14)"),
(qml.CRot(3.14, 2.14, 1.14, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.PhaseShift(3.14, wires=[0]), 0, "Rϕ(3.14)"),
(qml.Beamsplitter(1, 2, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "BS(1, 2)"),
(qml.Beamsplitter(1, 2, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "BS(1, 2)"),
(qml.Squeezing(1, 2, wires=[1]), 1, "S(1, 2)"),
(qml.TwoModeSqueezing(1, 2, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "S(1, 2)"),
(qml.TwoModeSqueezing(1, 2, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "S(1, 2)"),
(qml.Displacement(1, 2, wires=[1]), 1, "D(1, 2)"),
(qml.NumberOperator(wires=[1]), 1, "n"),
(qml.Rotation(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "R(3.14)"),
(qml.ControlledAddition(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "X(3.14)"),
(qml.ControlledAddition(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.ControlledPhase(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "Z(3.14)"),
(qml.ControlledPhase(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.ThermalState(3, wires=[1]), 1, "Thermal(3)"),
(
qml.GaussianState(np.array([[2, 0], [0, 2]]),
np.array([1, 2]),
wires=[1]),
1,
"Gaussian(M0,M1)",
),
(qml.QuadraticPhase(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "P(3.14)"),
(qml.RX(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "RX(3.14)"),
(qml.S(wires=[2]), 2, "S"),
(qml.T(wires=[2]), 2, "T"),
(qml.RX(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "RX(3.14)"),
(qml.RY(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "RY(3.14)"),
(qml.RZ(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "RZ(3.14)"),
(qml.Rot(3.14, 2.14, 1.14, wires=[1]), 1, "Rot(3.14, 2.14, 1.14)"),
(qml.U1(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "U1(3.14)"),
(qml.U2(3.14, 2.14, wires=[1]), 1, "U2(3.14, 2.14)"),
(qml.U3(3.14, 2.14, 1.14, wires=[1]), 1, "U3(3.14, 2.14, 1.14)"),
(qml.BasisState(np.array([0, 1, 0]), wires=[1, 2, 3]), 1, "|0>"),
(qml.BasisState(np.array([0, 1, 0]), wires=[1, 2, 3]), 2, "|1>"),
(qml.BasisState(np.array([0, 1, 0]), wires=[1, 2, 3]), 3, "|0>"),
(qml.QubitStateVector(np.array([0, 1, 0, 0]),
wires=[1, 2]), 1, "QubitStateVector(M0)"),
(qml.QubitStateVector(np.array([0, 1, 0, 0]),
wires=[1, 2]), 2, "QubitStateVector(M0)"),
(qml.QubitUnitary(np.eye(2), wires=[1]), 1, "U0"),
(qml.QubitUnitary(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2]), 2, "U0"),
(qml.Kerr(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "Kerr(3.14)"),
(qml.CrossKerr(3.14, wires=[1, 2]), 1, "CrossKerr(3.14)"),
(qml.CrossKerr(3.14, wires=[1, 2]), 2, "CrossKerr(3.14)"),
(qml.CubicPhase(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "V(3.14)"),
(qml.InterferometerUnitary(
np.eye(4), wires=[1, 3]), 1, "InterferometerUnitary(M0)"),
(qml.InterferometerUnitary(
np.eye(4), wires=[1, 3]), 3, "InterferometerUnitary(M0)"),
(qml.CatState(3.14, 2.14, 1,
wires=[1]), 1, "CatState(3.14, 2.14, 1)"),
(qml.CoherentState(3.14, 2.14,
wires=[1]), 1, "CoherentState(3.14, 2.14)"),
(
qml.FockDensityMatrix(np.kron(np.eye(4), np.eye(4)),
wires=[1, 2]),
1,
"FockDensityMatrix(M0)",
),
(
qml.FockDensityMatrix(np.kron(np.eye(4), np.eye(4)),
wires=[1, 2]),
2,
"FockDensityMatrix(M0)",
),
(
qml.DisplacedSqueezedState(3.14, 2.14, 1.14, 0.14, wires=[1]),
1,
"DisplacedSqueezedState(3.14, 2.14, 1.14, 0.14)",
),
(qml.FockState(7, wires=[1]), 1, "|7>"),
(qml.FockStateVector(np.array([4, 5, 7]), wires=[1, 2, 3
]), 1, "|4>"),
(qml.FockStateVector(np.array([4, 5, 7]), wires=[1, 2, 3
]), 2, "|5>"),
(qml.FockStateVector(np.array([4, 5, 7]), wires=[1, 2, 3
]), 3, "|7>"),
(qml.SqueezedState(3.14, 2.14,
wires=[1]), 1, "SqueezedState(3.14, 2.14)"),
(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2]), 1, "H0"),
(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2]), 2, "H0"),
(qml.X(wires=[1]), 1, "x"),
(qml.P(wires=[1]), 1, "p"),
(qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3]), 1, "|4,5,7X4,5,7|"),
(
qml.PolyXP(np.array([1, 2, 0, -1.3, 6]), wires=[1]),
2,
"1+2x_0-1.3x_1+6p_1",
),
(
qml.PolyXP(np.array([[1.2, 2.3, 4.5], [-1.2, 1.2, -1.5],
[-1.3, 4.5, 2.3]]),
wires=[1]),
1,
"1.2+1.1x_0+3.2p_0+1.2x_0^2+2.3p_0^2+3x_0p_0",
),
(
qml.PolyXP(
np.array([
[1.2, 2.3, 4.5, 0, 0],
[-1.2, 1.2, -1.5, 0, 0],
[-1.3, 4.5, 2.3, 0, 0],
[0, 2.6, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, -4.7, 0],
]),
wires=[1],
),
1,
"1.2+1.1x_0+3.2p_0+1.2x_0^2+2.3p_0^2+3x_0p_0+2.6x_0x_1-4.7x_1p_1",
),
(qml.QuadOperator(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "cos(3.14)x+sin(3.14)p"),
(qml.QuadOperator(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "cos(3.14)x+sin(3.14)p"),
(qml.PauliX(wires=[1]).inv(), 1, "X^-1"),
(qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]).inv(), 1, "X^-1"),
(qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]).inv(), 0, "C"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1]).inv(), 1, "X^-1"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1]).inv(), 0, "C"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1]).inv(), 2, "C"),
(qml.measure.sample(wires=[0, 1]), 0,
"basis"), # not providing an observable in
(qml.measure.sample(wires=[0, 1]), 1,
"basis"), # sample gets displayed as raw
(two_wire_quantum_tape(), 0, "QuantumTape:T0"),
(two_wire_quantum_tape(), 1, "QuantumTape:T0"),
],
)
def test_operator_representation_ascii(self, ascii_representation_resolver,
op, wire, target):
"""Test that an Operator instance is properly resolved."""
assert ascii_representation_resolver.operator_representation(
op, wire) == target
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"obs,wire,target",
[
(qml.expval(qml.PauliX(wires=[1])), 1, "⟨X⟩"),
(qml.expval(qml.PauliY(wires=[1])), 1, "⟨Y⟩"),
(qml.expval(qml.PauliZ(wires=[1])), 1, "⟨Z⟩"),
(qml.expval(qml.Hadamard(wires=[1])), 1, "⟨H⟩"),
(qml.expval(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2])), 1, "⟨H0⟩"),
(qml.expval(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2])), 2, "⟨H0⟩"),
(qml.expval(qml.NumberOperator(wires=[1])), 1, "⟨n⟩"),
(qml.expval(qml.X(wires=[1])), 1, "⟨x⟩"),
(qml.expval(qml.P(wires=[1])), 1, "⟨p⟩"),
(
qml.expval(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])),
1,
"⟨|4,5,7╳4,5,7|⟩",
),
(
qml.expval(qml.PolyXP(np.array([1, 2, 0, -1.3, 6]), wires=[1
])),
2,
"⟨1+2x₀-1.3x₁+6p₁⟩",
),
(
qml.expval(
qml.PolyXP(np.array([[1.2, 2.3, 4.5], [-1.2, 1.2, -1.5],
[-1.3, 4.5, 2.3]]),
wires=[1])),
1,
"⟨1.2+1.1x₀+3.2p₀+1.2x₀²+2.3p₀²+3x₀p₀⟩",
),
(qml.expval(qml.QuadOperator(
3.14, wires=[1])), 1, "⟨cos(3.14)x+sin(3.14)p⟩"),
(qml.var(qml.PauliX(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[X]"),
(qml.var(qml.PauliY(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[Y]"),
(qml.var(qml.PauliZ(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[Z]"),
(qml.var(qml.Hadamard(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[H]"),
(qml.var(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2])), 1, "Var[H0]"),
(qml.var(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2])), 2, "Var[H0]"),
(qml.var(qml.NumberOperator(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[n]"),
(qml.var(qml.X(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[x]"),
(qml.var(qml.P(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[p]"),
(
qml.var(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])),
1,
"Var[|4,5,7╳4,5,7|]",
),
(
qml.var(qml.PolyXP(np.array([1, 2, 0, -1.3, 6]), wires=[1])),
2,
"Var[1+2x₀-1.3x₁+6p₁]",
),
(
qml.var(
qml.PolyXP(np.array([[1.2, 2.3, 4.5], [-1.2, 1.2, -1.5],
[-1.3, 4.5, 2.3]]),
wires=[1])),
1,
"Var[1.2+1.1x₀+3.2p₀+1.2x₀²+2.3p₀²+3x₀p₀]",
),
(qml.var(qml.QuadOperator(
3.14, wires=[1])), 1, "Var[cos(3.14)x+sin(3.14)p]"),
(qml.sample(qml.PauliX(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[X]"),
(qml.sample(qml.PauliY(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[Y]"),
(qml.sample(qml.PauliZ(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[Z]"),
(qml.sample(qml.Hadamard(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[H]"),
(qml.sample(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2
])), 1, "Sample[H0]"),
(qml.sample(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2
])), 2, "Sample[H0]"),
(qml.sample(qml.NumberOperator(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[n]"),
(qml.sample(qml.X(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[x]"),
(qml.sample(qml.P(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[p]"),
(
qml.sample(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])),
1,
"Sample[|4,5,7╳4,5,7|]",
),
(
qml.sample(qml.PolyXP(np.array([1, 2, 0, -1.3, 6]), wires=[1
])),
2,
"Sample[1+2x₀-1.3x₁+6p₁]",
),
(
qml.sample(
qml.PolyXP(np.array([[1.2, 2.3, 4.5], [-1.2, 1.2, -1.5],
[-1.3, 4.5, 2.3]]),
wires=[1])),
1,
"Sample[1.2+1.1x₀+3.2p₀+1.2x₀²+2.3p₀²+3x₀p₀]",
),
(qml.sample(qml.QuadOperator(
3.14, wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[cos(3.14)x+sin(3.14)p]"),
(
qml.expval(
qml.PauliX(wires=[1]) @ qml.PauliY(wires=[2])
@ qml.PauliZ(wires=[3])),
1,
"⟨X ⊗ Y ⊗ Z⟩",
),
(
qml.expval(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])
@ qml.X(wires=[4])),
1,
"⟨|4,5,7╳4,5,7| ⊗ x⟩",
),
(
qml.expval(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])
@ qml.X(wires=[4])),
2,
"⟨|4,5,7╳4,5,7| ⊗ x⟩",
),
(
qml.expval(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])
@ qml.X(wires=[4])),
3,
"⟨|4,5,7╳4,5,7| ⊗ x⟩",
),
(
qml.expval(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])
@ qml.X(wires=[4])),
4,
"⟨|4,5,7╳4,5,7| ⊗ x⟩",
),
(
qml.sample(
qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2]) @ qml.Hermitian(
np.eye(4), wires=[0, 3])),
0,
"Sample[H0 ⊗ H0]",
),
(
qml.sample(
qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2]) @ qml.Hermitian(
2 * np.eye(4), wires=[0, 3])),
0,
"Sample[H0 ⊗ H1]",
),
(qml.probs([0]), 0, "Probs"),
(state(), 0, "State"),
],
)
def test_output_representation_unicode(self,
unicode_representation_resolver,
obs, wire, target):
"""Test that an Observable instance with return type is properly resolved."""
assert unicode_representation_resolver.output_representation(
obs, wire) == target
def test_fallback_output_representation_unicode(
self, unicode_representation_resolver):
"""Test that an Observable instance with return type is properly resolved."""
obs = qml.PauliZ(0)
obs.return_type = "TestReturnType"
assert unicode_representation_resolver.output_representation(
obs, 0) == "TestReturnType[Z]"
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"obs,wire,target",
[
(qml.expval(qml.PauliX(wires=[1])), 1, "<X>"),
(qml.expval(qml.PauliY(wires=[1])), 1, "<Y>"),
(qml.expval(qml.PauliZ(wires=[1])), 1, "<Z>"),
(qml.expval(qml.Hadamard(wires=[1])), 1, "<H>"),
(qml.expval(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2])), 1, "<H0>"),
(qml.expval(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2])), 2, "<H0>"),
(qml.expval(qml.NumberOperator(wires=[1])), 1, "<n>"),
(qml.expval(qml.X(wires=[1])), 1, "<x>"),
(qml.expval(qml.P(wires=[1])), 1, "<p>"),
(
qml.expval(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])),
1,
"<|4,5,7X4,5,7|>",
),
(
qml.expval(qml.PolyXP(np.array([1, 2, 0, -1.3, 6]), wires=[1
])),
2,
"<1+2x_0-1.3x_1+6p_1>",
),
(
qml.expval(
qml.PolyXP(np.array([[1.2, 2.3, 4.5], [-1.2, 1.2, -1.5],
[-1.3, 4.5, 2.3]]),
wires=[1])),
1,
"<1.2+1.1x_0+3.2p_0+1.2x_0^2+2.3p_0^2+3x_0p_0>",
),
(qml.expval(qml.QuadOperator(
3.14, wires=[1])), 1, "<cos(3.14)x+sin(3.14)p>"),
(qml.var(qml.PauliX(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[X]"),
(qml.var(qml.PauliY(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[Y]"),
(qml.var(qml.PauliZ(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[Z]"),
(qml.var(qml.Hadamard(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[H]"),
(qml.var(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2])), 1, "Var[H0]"),
(qml.var(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2])), 2, "Var[H0]"),
(qml.var(qml.NumberOperator(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[n]"),
(qml.var(qml.X(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[x]"),
(qml.var(qml.P(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[p]"),
(
qml.var(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])),
1,
"Var[|4,5,7X4,5,7|]",
),
(
qml.var(qml.PolyXP(np.array([1, 2, 0, -1.3, 6]), wires=[1])),
2,
"Var[1+2x_0-1.3x_1+6p_1]",
),
(
qml.var(
qml.PolyXP(np.array([[1.2, 2.3, 4.5], [-1.2, 1.2, -1.5],
[-1.3, 4.5, 2.3]]),
wires=[1])),
1,
"Var[1.2+1.1x_0+3.2p_0+1.2x_0^2+2.3p_0^2+3x_0p_0]",
),
(qml.var(qml.QuadOperator(
3.14, wires=[1])), 1, "Var[cos(3.14)x+sin(3.14)p]"),
(qml.sample(qml.PauliX(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[X]"),
(qml.sample(qml.PauliY(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[Y]"),
(qml.sample(qml.PauliZ(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[Z]"),
(qml.sample(qml.Hadamard(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[H]"),
(qml.sample(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2
])), 1, "Sample[H0]"),
(qml.sample(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2
])), 2, "Sample[H0]"),
(qml.sample(qml.NumberOperator(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[n]"),
(qml.sample(qml.X(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[x]"),
(qml.sample(qml.P(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[p]"),
(
qml.sample(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])),
1,
"Sample[|4,5,7X4,5,7|]",
),
(
qml.sample(qml.PolyXP(np.array([1, 2, 0, -1.3, 6]), wires=[1
])),
2,
"Sample[1+2x_0-1.3x_1+6p_1]",
),
(
qml.sample(
qml.PolyXP(np.array([[1.2, 2.3, 4.5], [-1.2, 1.2, -1.5],
[-1.3, 4.5, 2.3]]),
wires=[1])),
1,
"Sample[1.2+1.1x_0+3.2p_0+1.2x_0^2+2.3p_0^2+3x_0p_0]",
),
(qml.sample(qml.QuadOperator(
3.14, wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[cos(3.14)x+sin(3.14)p]"),
(
qml.expval(
qml.PauliX(wires=[1]) @ qml.PauliY(wires=[2])
@ qml.PauliZ(wires=[3])),
1,
"<X @ Y @ Z>",
),
(
qml.expval(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])
@ qml.X(wires=[4])),
1,
"<|4,5,7X4,5,7| @ x>",
),
(
qml.expval(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])
@ qml.X(wires=[4])),
2,
"<|4,5,7X4,5,7| @ x>",
),
(
qml.expval(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])
@ qml.X(wires=[4])),
3,
"<|4,5,7X4,5,7| @ x>",
),
(
qml.expval(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])
@ qml.X(wires=[4])),
4,
"<|4,5,7X4,5,7| @ x>",
),
(
qml.sample(
qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2]) @ qml.Hermitian(
np.eye(4), wires=[0, 3])),
0,
"Sample[H0 @ H0]",
),
(
qml.sample(
qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2]) @ qml.Hermitian(
2 * np.eye(4), wires=[0, 3])),
0,
"Sample[H0 @ H1]",
),
(qml.probs([0]), 0, "Probs"),
(state(), 0, "State"),
],
)
def test_output_representation_ascii(self, ascii_representation_resolver,
obs, wire, target):
"""Test that an Observable instance with return type is properly resolved."""
assert ascii_representation_resolver.output_representation(
obs, wire) == target
def test_element_representation_none(self,
unicode_representation_resolver):
"""Test that element_representation properly handles None."""
assert unicode_representation_resolver.element_representation(None,
0) == ""
def test_element_representation_str(self, unicode_representation_resolver):
"""Test that element_representation properly handles strings."""
assert unicode_representation_resolver.element_representation(
"Test", 0) == "Test"
def test_element_representation_calls_output(
self, unicode_representation_resolver):
"""Test that element_representation calls output_representation for returned observables."""
unicode_representation_resolver.output_representation = Mock()
obs = qml.sample(qml.PauliX(3))
wire = 3
unicode_representation_resolver.element_representation(obs, wire)
assert unicode_representation_resolver.output_representation.call_args[
0] == (obs, wire)
def test_element_representation_calls_operator(
self, unicode_representation_resolver):
"""Test that element_representation calls operator_representation for all operators that are not returned."""
unicode_representation_resolver.operator_representation = Mock()
op = qml.PauliX(3)
wire = 3
unicode_representation_resolver.element_representation(op, wire)
assert unicode_representation_resolver.operator_representation.call_args[
0] == (op, wire)
def mean_photon_gaussian(mag_alpha, phase_alpha, phi):
qml.Displacement(mag_alpha, phase_alpha, wires=0)
qml.Rotation(phi, wires=0).inv()
return qml.expval(qml.NumberOperator(0))
def circuit(y):
qml.Displacement(alpha, 0., wires=[0])
qml.Rotation(y, wires=[0])
return qml.expval(qml.X(0))
