def test_quantum_circuit_with_multiple_parameters(self, recorder):
"""Tests loading a circuit with multiple parameters."""
angle1 = 0.5
angle2 = 0.3
phi = Parameter("φ")
theta = Parameter("θ")
qc = QuantumCircuit(3, 1)
qc.rx(phi, 1)
qc.rz(theta, 0)
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with recorder:
quantum_circuit(params={phi: angle1, theta: angle2})
assert len(recorder.queue) == 2
assert recorder.queue[0].name == "RX"
assert recorder.queue[0].parameters == [angle1]
assert recorder.queue[0].wires == Wires([1])
assert recorder.queue[1].name == "RZ"
assert recorder.queue[1].parameters == [angle2]
assert recorder.queue[1].wires == Wires([0])
def test_cry(self, recorder):
"""Tests that the decomposition of the controlled-Y operation is being
loaded."""
# This test will be merged into the test_controlled_rotations test once
# the native CRY is used in Qiskit and not a set of instructions
# yielded from decomposition is being added
q2 = QuantumRegister(2)
qc = QuantumCircuit(q2)
qc.cry(0.5, q2[0], q2[1])
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with recorder:
quantum_circuit()
assert len(recorder.queue) == 4
assert recorder.queue[0].name == "U3"
assert recorder.queue[0].params == [0.25, 0, 0]
assert recorder.queue[0].wires == [1]
assert recorder.queue[1].name == "CNOT"
assert recorder.queue[1].wires == [0, 1]
assert recorder.queue[2].name == "U3"
assert recorder.queue[2].params == [-0.25, 0, 0]
assert recorder.queue[2].wires == [1]
assert recorder.queue[3].name == "CNOT"
assert recorder.queue[3].wires == [0, 1]
def test_two_qubit_parametrized_operations_supported_by_pennylane(self, recorder):
"""Tests loading a circuit with the two-qubit parametrized operations supported by PennyLane."""
two_wires = [0, 1]
angle = 0.3333
qc = QuantumCircuit(2, 1)
qc.crz(angle, *two_wires)
qc.rzz(angle, *two_wires)
qc.ryy(angle, *two_wires)
qc.rxx(angle, *two_wires)
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with recorder:
quantum_circuit()
assert len(recorder.queue) == 4
assert recorder.queue[0].name == "CRZ"
assert recorder.queue[0].parameters == [angle]
assert recorder.queue[0].wires == Wires(two_wires)
assert recorder.queue[1].name == "IsingZZ"
assert recorder.queue[1].parameters == [angle]
assert recorder.queue[1].wires == Wires(two_wires)
assert recorder.queue[2].name == "IsingYY"
assert recorder.queue[2].parameters == [angle]
assert recorder.queue[2].wires == Wires(two_wires)
assert recorder.queue[3].name == "IsingXX"
assert recorder.queue[3].parameters == [angle]
assert recorder.queue[3].wires == Wires(two_wires)
def test_quantum_circuit_loaded_multiple_times_with_different_arguments(self, recorder):
"""Tests that a loaded quantum circuit can be called multiple times with
different arguments."""
theta = Parameter("θ")
angle1 = 0.5
angle2 = -0.5
angle3 = 0
qc = QuantumCircuit(3, 1)
qc.rz(theta, [0])
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with recorder:
quantum_circuit(params={theta: angle1})
quantum_circuit(params={theta: angle2})
quantum_circuit(params={theta: angle3})
assert len(recorder.queue) == 3
assert recorder.queue[0].name == "RZ"
assert recorder.queue[0].parameters == [angle1]
assert recorder.queue[0].wires == Wires([0])
assert recorder.queue[1].name == "RZ"
assert recorder.queue[1].parameters == [angle2]
assert recorder.queue[1].wires == Wires([0])
assert recorder.queue[2].name == "RZ"
assert recorder.queue[2].parameters == [angle3]
assert recorder.queue[2].wires == Wires([0])
def test_loaded_quantum_circuit_and_further_pennylane_operations(self, recorder):
"""Tests that a loaded quantum circuit can be used around other PennyLane
templates in a circuit."""
theta = Parameter("θ")
angle = 0.5
qc = QuantumCircuit(3, 1)
qc.rz(theta, [0])
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with recorder:
qml.PauliZ(0)
quantum_circuit(params={theta: angle})
qml.Hadamard(0)
assert len(recorder.queue) == 3
assert recorder.queue[0].name == "PauliZ"
assert recorder.queue[0].parameters == []
assert recorder.queue[0].wires == Wires([0])
assert recorder.queue[1].name == "RZ"
assert recorder.queue[1].parameters == [angle]
assert recorder.queue[1].wires == Wires([0])
assert recorder.queue[2].name == "Hadamard"
assert recorder.queue[2].parameters == []
assert recorder.queue[2].wires == Wires([0])
def test_quantum_circuit_with_gate_requiring_multiple_parameters(
self, recorder):
"""Tests loading a circuit containing a gate that requires
multiple parameters."""
angle1 = 0.5
angle2 = 0.3
angle3 = 0.1
phi = Parameter('φ')
lam = Parameter('λ')
theta = Parameter('θ')
qc = QuantumCircuit(3, 1)
qc.u3(phi, lam, theta, [0])
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with recorder:
quantum_circuit(params={phi: angle1, lam: angle2, theta: angle3})
assert recorder.queue[0].name == 'U3'
assert len(recorder.queue[0].params) == 3
assert recorder.queue[0].params == [0.5, 0.3, 0.1]
assert recorder.queue[0].wires == [0]
def test_quantum_circuit_error_not_qiskit_circuit_passed(self, recorder):
"""Tests the load method raises a ValueError, if something
that is not a QuanctumCircuit was passed."""
qc = qml.PauliZ(0)
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
with recorder:
quantum_circuit()
def test_one_qubit_operations_supported_by_pennylane(self, recorder):
"""Tests loading a circuit with the one-qubit operations supported by PennyLane."""
single_wire = [0]
qc = QuantumCircuit(1, 1)
qc.x(single_wire)
qc.y(single_wire)
qc.z(single_wire)
qc.h(single_wire)
qc.s(single_wire)
qc.t(single_wire)
qc.sx(single_wire)
qc.id(single_wire)
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with recorder:
quantum_circuit()
assert len(recorder.queue) == 8
assert recorder.queue[0].name == "PauliX"
assert recorder.queue[0].parameters == []
assert recorder.queue[0].wires == Wires(single_wire)
assert recorder.queue[1].name == "PauliY"
assert recorder.queue[1].parameters == []
assert recorder.queue[1].wires == Wires(single_wire)
assert recorder.queue[2].name == "PauliZ"
assert recorder.queue[2].parameters == []
assert recorder.queue[2].wires == Wires(single_wire)
assert recorder.queue[3].name == "Hadamard"
assert recorder.queue[3].parameters == []
assert recorder.queue[3].wires == Wires(single_wire)
assert recorder.queue[4].name == "S"
assert recorder.queue[4].parameters == []
assert recorder.queue[4].wires == Wires(single_wire)
assert recorder.queue[5].name == "T"
assert recorder.queue[5].parameters == []
assert recorder.queue[5].wires == Wires(single_wire)
assert recorder.queue[6].name == "SX"
assert recorder.queue[6].parameters == []
assert recorder.queue[6].wires == Wires(single_wire)
assert recorder.queue[7].name == "Identity"
assert recorder.queue[7].parameters == []
assert recorder.queue[7].wires == Wires(single_wire)
def test_extra_parameters_were_passed(self, recorder):
"""Tests that loading raises an error when extra parameters were passed."""
theta = Parameter('θ')
phi = Parameter('φ')
qc = QuantumCircuit(3, 1)
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with pytest.raises(QiskitError):
with recorder:
quantum_circuit(params={theta: 0.5, phi: 0.3})
def test_one_qubit_parametrized_operations_supported_by_pennylane(
self, recorder):
"""Tests loading a circuit with the one-qubit parametrized operations supported by PennyLane."""
single_wire = [0]
angle = 0.3333
phi = 0.3
lam = 0.4
theta = 0.2
q_reg = QuantumRegister(1)
qc = QuantumCircuit(q_reg)
qc.u1(angle, single_wire)
qc.rx(angle, single_wire)
qc.ry(angle, single_wire)
qc.rz(angle, single_wire)
qc.u2(phi, lam, [0])
qc.u3(phi, lam, theta, [0])
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with recorder:
quantum_circuit()
assert recorder.queue[0].name == 'PhaseShift'
assert recorder.queue[0].params == [angle]
assert recorder.queue[0].wires == single_wire
assert recorder.queue[1].name == 'RX'
assert recorder.queue[1].params == [angle]
assert recorder.queue[1].wires == single_wire
assert recorder.queue[2].name == 'RY'
assert recorder.queue[2].params == [angle]
assert recorder.queue[2].wires == single_wire
assert recorder.queue[3].name == 'RZ'
assert recorder.queue[3].params == [angle]
assert recorder.queue[3].wires == single_wire
assert recorder.queue[4].name == 'U2'
assert len(recorder.queue[4].params) == 2
assert recorder.queue[4].params == [0.3, 0.4]
assert recorder.queue[4].wires == [0]
assert recorder.queue[5].name == 'U3'
assert len(recorder.queue[5].params) == 3
assert recorder.queue[5].params == [0.3, 0.4, 0.2]
assert recorder.queue[5].wires == [0]
def test_quantum_circuit_error_by_calling_wrong_parameters(self, recorder):
"""Tests that the load method for a QuantumCircuit raises a TypeError,
if the wrong type of arguments were passed."""
angle = 'some_string_instead_of_an_angle'
qc = QuantumCircuit(3, 1)
qc.rz(angle, [0])
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with pytest.raises(TypeError,
match="parameter expected, got <class 'str'>"):
with recorder:
quantum_circuit()
def test_quantum_circuit_error_by_passing_wrong_parameters(self, recorder):
"""Tests the load method for a QuantumCircuit raises a QiskitError,
if the wrong type of arguments were passed."""
theta = Parameter("θ")
angle = np.tensor("some_string_instead_of_an_angle", requires_grad=False)
qc = QuantumCircuit(3, 1)
qc.rz(theta, [0])
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with pytest.raises(QiskitError):
with recorder:
quantum_circuit(params={theta: angle})
def test_parameter_was_not_bound(self, recorder):
"""Tests that loading raises an error when parameters were not bound."""
theta = Parameter("θ")
qc = QuantumCircuit(3, 1)
qc.rz(theta, [0])
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with pytest.raises(
ValueError, match="The parameter {} was not bound correctly.".format(theta)
):
with recorder:
quantum_circuit(params={})
def test_quantum_circuit_error_passing_parameters_not_required(self, recorder):
"""Tests the load method raises a QiskitError if arguments
that are not required were passed."""
theta = Parameter("θ")
angle = np.tensor(0.5, requires_grad=False)
qc = QuantumCircuit(3, 1)
qc.z([0])
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with pytest.raises(QiskitError):
with recorder:
quantum_circuit(params={theta: angle})
def test_barrier_not_supported(self, recorder):
"""Tests that a warning is raised if an unsupported instruction was reached."""
qc = QuantumCircuit(3, 1)
qc.barrier()
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with pytest.warns(UserWarning) as record:
with recorder:
quantum_circuit(params={})
# check that only one warning was raised
assert len(record) == 1
# check that the message matches
assert record[0].message.args[0] == "pennylane_qiskit.converter: The Barrier instruction is not supported by" \
" PennyLane, and has not been added to the template."
def test_operation_transformed_into_qubit_unitary(self, recorder):
"""Tests loading a circuit with operations that can be converted,
but not natively supported by PennyLane."""
qc = QuantumCircuit(3, 1)
qc.ch([0], [1])
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with recorder:
quantum_circuit()
assert recorder.queue[0].name == "QubitUnitary"
assert len(recorder.queue[0].parameters) == 1
assert np.array_equal(recorder.queue[0].parameters[0], ex.CHGate().to_matrix())
assert recorder.queue[0].wires == Wires([0, 1])
def test_quantum_circuit_error_parameter_not_bound(self, recorder):
"""Tests the load method for a QuantumCircuit raises a ValueError,
if one of the parameters was not bound correctly."""
theta = Parameter("θ")
qc = QuantumCircuit(3, 1)
qc.rz(theta, [0])
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with pytest.raises(
ValueError, match="The parameter {} was not bound correctly.".format(theta)
):
with recorder:
quantum_circuit()
def test_crz(self, recorder):
"""Tests loading a circuit with the controlled-Z operation."""
q2 = QuantumRegister(2)
qc = QuantumCircuit(q2)
qc.crz(0.5, q2[0], q2[1])
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with recorder:
quantum_circuit()
assert len(recorder.queue) == 1
assert recorder.queue[0].name == 'CRZ'
assert recorder.queue[0].params == [0.5]
assert recorder.queue[0].wires == [0, 1]
def test_quantum_circuit_error_by_calling_wrong_parameters(self, recorder):
"""Tests that the load method for a QuantumCircuit raises a TypeError,
if the wrong type of arguments were passed."""
angle = 'some_string_instead_of_an_angle'
qc = QuantumCircuit(3, 1)
qc.rz(angle, [0])
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with pytest.raises(
ValueError,
match="could not convert string to float: '{}'".format(angle)):
with recorder:
quantum_circuit()
def test_extra_parameters_were_passed(self, recorder):
"""Tests that loading raises an error when extra parameters were
passed."""
theta = Parameter("θ")
phi = Parameter("φ")
x = np.tensor(0.5, requires_grad=False)
y = np.tensor(0.3, requires_grad=False)
qc = QuantumCircuit(3, 1)
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with pytest.raises(QiskitError):
with recorder:
quantum_circuit(params={theta: x, phi: y})
def test_pass_parameters_to_bind(self, recorder):
"""Tests parameter binding by passing parameters when loading a quantum circuit."""
theta = Parameter("θ")
qc = QuantumCircuit(3, 1)
qc.rz(theta, [0])
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with recorder:
quantum_circuit(params={theta: 0.5})
assert len(recorder.queue) == 1
assert recorder.queue[0].name == "RZ"
assert recorder.queue[0].parameters == [0.5]
assert recorder.queue[0].wires == Wires([0])
def test_controlled_rotations(self, qiskit_operation, pennylane_name, recorder):
"""Tests loading a circuit with two qubit Ising operations."""
q2 = QuantumRegister(2)
qc = QuantumCircuit(q2)
qiskit_operation(qc, 0.5, q2[0], q2[1])
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with recorder:
quantum_circuit()
assert len(recorder.queue) == 1
assert recorder.queue[0].name == pennylane_name
assert recorder.queue[0].parameters == [0.5]
assert recorder.queue[0].wires == Wires([0, 1])
def test_quantum_circuit_with_bound_parameters(self, recorder):
"""Tests loading a quantum circuit that already had bound parameters."""
theta = Parameter("θ")
qc = QuantumCircuit(3, 1)
qc.rz(theta, [0])
qc_1 = qc.bind_parameters({theta: 0.5})
quantum_circuit = load(qc_1)
with recorder:
quantum_circuit()
assert len(recorder.queue) == 1
assert recorder.queue[0].name == "RZ"
assert recorder.queue[0].parameters == [0.5]
assert recorder.queue[0].wires == Wires([0])
def test_invalid_parameter_expression(self, recorder):
"""Tests that an operation with multiple parameters raises an error."""
theta = Parameter('θ')
phi = Parameter('φ')
qc = QuantumCircuit(3, 1)
qc.rz(theta * phi, [0])
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with pytest.raises(ValueError,
match='PennyLane does not support expressions'):
with recorder:
quantum_circuit(params={
theta: qml.variable.Variable(0),
phi: qml.variable.Variable(1)
})
def test_quantum_circuit_by_passing_parameters(self, recorder):
"""Tests the load method for a QuantumCircuit initialized by passing the number
of registers required."""
theta = Parameter("θ")
angle = 0.5
qc = QuantumCircuit(3, 1)
qc.rz(theta, [0])
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with recorder:
quantum_circuit(params={theta: angle})
assert len(recorder.queue) == 1
assert recorder.queue[0].name == "RZ"
assert recorder.queue[0].parameters == [angle]
assert recorder.queue[0].wires == Wires([0])
def test_operations_sdg_and_tdg(self, recorder):
"""Tests loading a circuit with the operations Sdg and Tdg gates."""
qc = QuantumCircuit(3, 1)
qc.sdg([0])
qc.tdg([0])
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with recorder:
quantum_circuit()
assert recorder.queue[0].name == "S.inv"
assert len(recorder.queue[0].parameters) == 0
assert recorder.queue[0].wires == Wires([0])
assert recorder.queue[1].name == "T.inv"
assert len(recorder.queue[1].parameters) == 0
assert recorder.queue[1].wires == Wires([0])
def test_one_qubit_parametrized_operations_supported_by_pennylane(self, recorder):
"""Tests loading a circuit with the one-qubit parametrized operations supported by PennyLane."""
single_wire = [0]
angle = 0.3333
phi = 0.3
lam = 0.4
theta = 0.2
q_reg = QuantumRegister(1)
qc = QuantumCircuit(q_reg)
qc.p(angle, single_wire)
qc.rx(angle, single_wire)
qc.ry(angle, single_wire)
qc.rz(angle, single_wire)
qc.u(phi, lam, theta, [0])
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with recorder:
quantum_circuit()
assert recorder.queue[0].name == "PhaseShift"
assert recorder.queue[0].parameters == [angle]
assert recorder.queue[0].wires == Wires(single_wire)
assert recorder.queue[1].name == "RX"
assert recorder.queue[1].parameters == [angle]
assert recorder.queue[1].wires == Wires(single_wire)
assert recorder.queue[2].name == "RY"
assert recorder.queue[2].parameters == [angle]
assert recorder.queue[2].wires == Wires(single_wire)
assert recorder.queue[3].name == "RZ"
assert recorder.queue[3].parameters == [angle]
assert recorder.queue[3].wires == Wires(single_wire)
assert recorder.queue[4].name == "U3"
assert len(recorder.queue[4].parameters) == 3
assert recorder.queue[4].parameters == [0.3, 0.4, 0.2]
assert recorder.queue[4].wires == Wires([0])
def test_wires_two_different_quantum_registers(self, recorder):
"""Tests loading a circuit with the three-qubit operations supported by PennyLane."""
three_wires = [0, 1, 2]
qr1 = QuantumRegister(2)
qr2 = QuantumRegister(1)
qc = QuantumCircuit(qr1, qr2)
qc.cswap(*three_wires)
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with recorder:
quantum_circuit()
assert recorder.queue[0].name == "CSWAP"
assert recorder.queue[0].parameters == []
assert recorder.queue[0].wires == Wires(three_wires)
def test_wires_pass_different_wires_than_for_circuit(self, recorder):
"""Tests that custom wires can be passed to the loaded template."""
three_wires = [4, 7, 1]
qr1 = QuantumRegister(2)
qr2 = QuantumRegister(1)
qc = QuantumCircuit(qr1, qr2)
qc.cswap(*[0, 1, 2])
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with recorder:
quantum_circuit(wires=three_wires)
assert recorder.queue[0].name == "CSWAP"
assert recorder.queue[0].parameters == []
assert recorder.queue[0].wires == Wires(three_wires)
def test_one_qubit_operations_supported_by_pennylane(self, recorder):
"""Tests loading a circuit with the one-qubit operations supported by PennyLane."""
single_wire = [0]
qc = QuantumCircuit(1, 1)
qc.x(single_wire)
qc.y(single_wire)
qc.z(single_wire)
qc.h(single_wire)
qc.s(single_wire)
qc.t(single_wire)
quantum_circuit = load(qc)
with recorder:
quantum_circuit()
assert len(recorder.queue) == 6
assert recorder.queue[0].name == 'PauliX'
assert recorder.queue[0].params == []
assert recorder.queue[0].wires == single_wire
assert recorder.queue[1].name == 'PauliY'
assert recorder.queue[1].params == []
assert recorder.queue[1].wires == single_wire
assert recorder.queue[2].name == 'PauliZ'
assert recorder.queue[2].params == []
assert recorder.queue[2].wires == single_wire
assert recorder.queue[3].name == 'Hadamard'
assert recorder.queue[3].params == []
assert recorder.queue[3].wires == single_wire
assert recorder.queue[4].name == 'S'
assert recorder.queue[4].params == []
assert recorder.queue[4].wires == single_wire
assert recorder.queue[5].name == 'T'
assert recorder.queue[5].params == []
assert recorder.queue[5].wires == single_wire