def stop(self):
        if _debug:
            print('stop')
        with context.lock:
            context.async_operation(
                pa.pa_stream_cork(self.stream, 1,
                                  pa.pa_stream_success_cb_t(0), None)
            )

        self._playing = False
    def play(self):
        if _debug:
            print('play')
        with context.lock:
            context.async_operation(
                pa.pa_stream_cork(self.stream, 0,
                                  pa.pa_stream_success_cb_t(0), None)
            )

            # If whole stream has already been written, trigger immediate
            # playback.        
            if self._underflow_is_eos:
                context.async_operation(
                    pa.pa_stream_trigger(self.stream,
                                         pa.pa_stream_success_cb_t(0), None)
                )

            if self._buffer_underflow:
                self._write_cb(self.stream, None, None)

        self._playing = True
    def _write_cb(self, stream, bytes, data):
        # If number of bytes is not supplied, query PulseAudio for it
        if bytes is None:
            bytes = pa.pa_stream_writable_size(self.stream)

        if _debug:
            print('write callback: %d bytes' % bytes)

        # Asynchronously update time
        if self._events:
            context.async_operation(
                pa.pa_stream_update_timing_info(self.stream,
                                                self._success_cb_func, None)
            )

        # Grab next audio packet, or leftovers from last callback.
        if self._buffered_audio_data:
            audio_data = self._buffered_audio_data
            self._buffered_audio_data = None
        else:
            audio_data = self.source_group.get_audio_data(bytes)

        seek_flag = pa.PA_SEEK_RELATIVE
        if self._clear_write:
            if _debug:
                print('seek PA_SEEK_RELATIVE_ON_READ')
            seek_flag = pa.PA_SEEK_RELATIVE_ON_READ
            self._clear_write = False

        # Keep writing packets until `bytes` is depleted
        while audio_data and bytes > 0:
            if _debug:
                print('packet', audio_data.timestamp)
            if _debug and audio_data.events:
                print('events', audio_data.events)
            for event in audio_data.events:
                event_index = self._write_index + event.timestamp * \
                                                  self.source_group.audio_format.bytes_per_second
                self._events.append((event_index, event))

            consumption = min(bytes, audio_data.length)

            check(
                pa.pa_stream_write(self.stream,
                                   audio_data.data,
                                   consumption,
                                   pa.pa_free_cb_t(0),  # Data is copied
                                   0,
                                   seek_flag)
            )

            seek_flag = pa.PA_SEEK_RELATIVE
            self._read_index_valid = True
            self._timestamps.append((self._write_index, audio_data.timestamp))
            self._write_index += consumption
            self._underflow_is_eos = False
            self._buffer_underflow = False

            if _debug:
                print('write', consumption)
            if consumption < audio_data.length:
                audio_data.consume(consumption, self.source_group.audio_format)
                self._buffered_audio_data = audio_data
                break

            bytes -= consumption
            if bytes > 0:
                audio_data = self.source_group.get_audio_data(bytes)  #XXX name change

        if not audio_data:
            # Whole source group has been written.  Any underflow encountered
            # after now is the EOS.
            self._underflow_is_eos = True

            # In case the source group wasn't long enough to prebuffer stream
            # to PA's satisfaction, trigger immediate playback (has no effect
            # if stream is already playing).
            if self._playing:
                context.async_operation(
                    pa.pa_stream_trigger(self.stream,
                                         pa.pa_stream_success_cb_t(0), None)
                )

        self._process_events()
    def __init__(self, source_group, player):
        super(PulseAudioPlayer, self).__init__(source_group, player)

        self._events = []
        self._timestamps = []  # List of (ref_time, timestamp)
        self._write_index = 0  # Current write index (tracked manually)
        self._read_index_valid = False  # True only if buffer has non-stale data

        self._clear_write = False
        self._buffered_audio_data = None
        self._underflow_is_eos = False
        self._buffer_underflow = False
        self._playing = False

        audio_format = source_group.audio_format
        assert audio_format

        # Create sample_spec
        sample_spec = pa.pa_sample_spec()
        if audio_format.sample_size == 8:
            sample_spec.format = pa.PA_SAMPLE_U8
        elif audio_format.sample_size == 16:
            if sys.byteorder == 'little':
                sample_spec.format = pa.PA_SAMPLE_S16LE
            else:
                sample_spec.format = pa.PA_SAMPLE_S16BE
        else:
            raise MediaException('Unsupported sample size')
        sample_spec.rate = audio_format.sample_rate
        sample_spec.channels = audio_format.channels
        channel_map = None
        self.sample_rate = audio_format.sample_rate

        with context.lock:
            # Create stream
            self.stream = pa.pa_stream_new(context._context,
                                           str(id(self)).encode('ASCII'),
                                           sample_spec,
                                           channel_map)
            check_not_null(self.stream)
            pa.pa_stream_ref(self.stream)

            # Callback trampoline for success operations
            self._success_cb_func = pa.pa_stream_success_cb_t(self._success_cb)
            self._context_success_cb_func = \
                pa.pa_context_success_cb_t(self._context_success_cb)

            # Callback for underflow (to detect EOS when expected pa_timestamp
            # does not get reached).
            self._underflow_cb_func = \
                pa.pa_stream_notify_cb_t(self._underflow_cb)
            pa.pa_stream_set_underflow_callback(self.stream,
                                                self._underflow_cb_func, None)

            # Callback for data write
            self._write_cb_func = pa.pa_stream_request_cb_t(self._write_cb)
            pa.pa_stream_set_write_callback(self.stream,
                                            self._write_cb_func, None)

            # Connect to sink
            device = None
            buffer_attr = None
            flags = (pa.PA_STREAM_START_CORKED |
                     pa.PA_STREAM_INTERPOLATE_TIMING |
                     pa.PA_STREAM_VARIABLE_RATE)

            sync_stream = None  # TODO use this
            check(
                pa.pa_stream_connect_playback(self.stream,
                                              device,
                                              buffer_attr,
                                              flags,
                                              None,
                                              sync_stream)
            )

            # Wait for stream readiness
            self._state_cb_func = pa.pa_stream_notify_cb_t(self._state_cb)
            pa.pa_stream_set_state_callback(self.stream,
                                            self._state_cb_func, None)
            while pa.pa_stream_get_state(self.stream) == pa.PA_STREAM_CREATING:
                context.wait()

            if pa.pa_stream_get_state(self.stream) != pa.PA_STREAM_READY:
                check(-1)

        if _debug:
            print('stream ready')