def test_profile_named_gocean1p0():
'''Check that the gocean 1.0 API is instrumented correctly when the
profile name is supplied by the user.
'''
psy, invoke = get_invoke("test11_different_iterates_over_one_invoke.f90",
"gocean1.0",
idx=0)
schedule = invoke.schedule
profile_trans = ProfileTrans()
options = {"region_name": (psy.name, invoke.name)}
_ = profile_trans.apply(schedule.children, options=options)
result = str(invoke.gen())
assert ("CALL profile_psy_data%PreStart("
"\"psy_single_invoke_different_iterates_over\", "
"\"invoke_0\", 0, 0)") in result
def test_transform_errors(capsys):
'''Tests error handling of the profile region transformation.'''
# This has been imported and tested before, so we can assume
# here that this all works as expected/
_, invoke = get_invoke("test27_loop_swap.f90", "gocean1.0",
name="invoke_loop1", dist_mem=False)
schedule = invoke.schedule
prt = ProfileTrans()
# Just to be sure: also check that the right order does indeed work!
sched1, _ = prt.apply([schedule.children[0],
schedule.children[1],
schedule.children[2]])
sched1.view()
out, _ = capsys.readouterr()
# out is unicode, and has no replace function, so convert to string first
out = str(out).replace("\n", "")
correct_re = (".*GOInvokeSchedule.*?"
r"Profile.*?"
r"Loop.*\[type='outer'.*?"
r"Loop.*\[type='outer'.*?"
r"Loop.*\[type='outer'")
assert re.search(correct_re, out)
# Test that we don't add a profile node inside a OMP do loop (which
# would be invalid syntax):
_, invoke = get_invoke("test27_loop_swap.f90", "gocean1.0",
name="invoke_loop1", dist_mem=False)
schedule = invoke.schedule
prt = ProfileTrans()
omp_loop = GOceanOMPLoopTrans()
# Parallelise the first loop:
omp_loop.apply(schedule[0])
# Inserting a ProfileTrans inside a omp do loop is syntactically
# incorrect, the inner part must be a do loop only:
with pytest.raises(TransformationError) as excinfo:
prt.apply(invoke.schedule[0].dir_body[0])
assert "A PSyData node cannot be inserted between an OpenMP/ACC "\
"directive and the loop(s) to which it applies!" \
in str(excinfo.value)
with pytest.raises(TransformationError) as excinfo:
prt.apply(invoke.schedule[0], {"region_name": "xx"})
assert "Error in ProfileTrans. User-supplied region name must be a " \
"tuple containing two non-empty strings" in str(excinfo.value)
def add_profile_nodes(schedule, loop_class):
'''This function inserts all required Profiling Nodes (for invokes
and kernels, as specified on the command line) into a schedule. An
invoke will not be profiled if it contains more than one Return or if
the Return is not the last statement.
:param schedule: The schedule to instrument.
:type schedule: :py:class:`psyclone.psyGen.InvokeSchedule` or subclass
:param loop_class: The loop class (e.g. GOLoop, DynLoop) to instrument.
:type loop_class: :py:class:`psyclone.psyir.nodes.Loop` or subclass
'''
profile_trans = ProfileTrans()
if Profiler.profile_kernels():
kernels = schedule.walk(Kern)
for kernel in kernels:
# For each kernel, we walk back up to find the outermost loop
# of the specified class
target = None
parent_loop = kernel.ancestor(loop_class)
while parent_loop:
nchildren = len(parent_loop.loop_body.children)
if nchildren != 1:
# We only permit tightly-nested loops
break
target = parent_loop
parent_loop = parent_loop.ancestor(loop_class)
# We only add profiling if we're not within some OpenACC
# region (as otherwise, the PSyData routines being called
# would have to be compiled for the GPU).
if target and not target.ancestor(ACCDirective):
# Have to take care that the target loop does not have
# a directive applied to it. We distinguish this case
# from that of a directive defining a region by checking
# the number of children of the directive.
if (isinstance(target.parent.parent, Directive) and
len(target.parent.parent.dir_body.children) == 1):
# Parent is a Directive that has only the current
# loop as a child. Therefore, enclose the Directive
# within the profiling region too.
target = target.parent.parent
profile_trans.apply(target)
if Profiler.profile_invokes():
# We cannot include Return statements within profiling regions
returns = schedule.walk(Return)
if returns:
if len(returns) == 1 and returns[0] is schedule.children[-1]:
# There's only one Return and it's the last statement so
# simply exclude it from the profiling region.
profile_trans.apply(schedule.children[:-1])
else:
# TODO #11 use logging instead.
print("Not adding profiling to routine '{0}' because it "
"contains one or more Return statements.".format(
schedule.name), file=sys.stderr)
else:
profile_trans.apply(schedule.children)
def test_region():
''' Tests that the profiling transform works correctly when a region of
code is specified that does not cover the full invoke and also
contains multiple kernels.
'''
_, invoke = get_invoke("3.1_multi_functions_multi_invokes.f90",
"dynamo0.3",
name="invoke_0",
dist_mem=True)
schedule = invoke.schedule
prt = ProfileTrans()
# Just halo exchanges.
_ = prt.apply(schedule[0:4])
# Two loops.
_ = prt.apply(schedule[1:3])
result = str(invoke.gen())
assert ("CALL profile_psy_data%PreStart(\"multi_functions_multi_invokes_"
"psy\", \"invoke_0:r0\", 0, 0)" in result)
assert ("CALL profile_psy_data_1%PreStart(\"multi_functions_multi_"
"invokes_psy\", \"invoke_0:r1\", 0, 0)" in result)
# Make nested profiles.
_ = prt.apply(schedule[1].profile_body[1])
_ = prt.apply(schedule)
result = str(invoke.gen())
assert ("CALL profile_psy_data_3%PreStart(\"multi_functions_multi_"
"invokes_psy\", \"invoke_0:r0\", 0, 0)" in result)
assert ("CALL profile_psy_data%PreStart(\"multi_functions_multi_"
"invokes_psy\", \"invoke_0:r1\", 0, 0)" in result)
assert ("CALL profile_psy_data_1%PreStart(\"multi_functions_multi_"
"invokes_psy\", \"invoke_0:r2\", 0, 0)" in result)
assert ("CALL profile_psy_data_2%PreStart(\"multi_functions_multi_"
"invokes_psy\", \"invoke_0:testkern_code:r3\", 0, 0)" in result)
def test_omp_transform():
'''Tests that the profiling transform works correctly with OMP
parallelisation.'''
_, invoke = get_invoke("test27_loop_swap.f90", "gocean1.0",
name="invoke_loop1", dist_mem=False)
schedule = invoke.schedule
# This test expects constant loop bounds
schedule._const_loop_bounds = True
prt = ProfileTrans()
omp_loop = GOceanOMPLoopTrans()
omp_par = OMPParallelTrans()
# Parallelise the first loop:
omp_loop.apply(schedule[0])
omp_par.apply(schedule[0])
prt.apply(schedule[0])
correct = (
" CALL profile_psy_data%PreStart(\"psy_test27_loop_swap\", "
"\"invoke_loop1:bc_ssh_code:r0\", 0, 0)\n"
" !$omp parallel default(shared), private(i,j)\n"
" !$omp do schedule(static)\n"
" DO j=2,jstop\n"
" DO i=2,istop\n"
" CALL bc_ssh_code(i, j, 1, t%data, t%grid%tmask)\n"
" END DO\n"
" END DO\n"
" !$omp end do\n"
" !$omp end parallel\n"
" CALL profile_psy_data%PostEnd")
code = str(invoke.gen())
assert correct in code
# Now add another profile node between the omp parallel and omp do
# directives:
prt.apply(schedule[0].profile_body[0].dir_body[0])
code = str(invoke.gen())
correct = \
"CALL profile_psy_data%PreStart(\"psy_test27_loop_swap\", " + \
'''"invoke_loop1:bc_ssh_code:r0", 0, 0)
!$omp parallel default(shared), private(i,j)
CALL profile_psy_data_1%PreStart("psy_test27_loop_swap", ''' + \
'''"invoke_loop1:bc_ssh_code:r1", 0, 0)
!$omp do schedule(static)
DO j=2,jstop
DO i=2,istop
CALL bc_ssh_code(i, j, 1, t%data, t%grid%tmask)
END DO
END DO
!$omp end do
CALL profile_psy_data_1%PostEnd
!$omp end parallel
CALL profile_psy_data%PostEnd'''
assert correct in code
def test_multi_prefix_profile(monkeypatch):
''' Tests that the profiling transform works correctly when we use two
different profiling tools in the same invoke.
'''
_, invoke = get_invoke("3.1_multi_functions_multi_invokes.f90",
"dynamo0.3", name="invoke_0", dist_mem=True)
schedule = invoke.schedule
prt = ProfileTrans()
config = Config.get()
# Monkeypatch the list of recognised PSyData prefixes
monkeypatch.setattr(config, "_valid_psy_data_prefixes",
["profile", "tool1"])
# Use the 'tool1' prefix for the region around the halo exchanges.
_ = prt.apply(schedule[0:4], options={"prefix": "tool1"})
# Use the default prefix for the two loops.
_ = prt.apply(schedule[1:3])
result = str(invoke.gen())
assert (" USE profile_psy_data_mod, ONLY: profile_PSyDataType\n" in
result)
assert " USE tool1_psy_data_mod, ONLY: tool1_PSyDataType" in result
assert (" TYPE(profile_PSyDataType), target, save :: "
"profile_psy_data\n"
" TYPE(tool1_PSyDataType), target, save :: tool1_psy_data"
in result)
assert (" ! Call kernels and communication routines\n"
" !\n"
" CALL tool1_psy_data%PreStart(\"multi_functions_multi_"
"invokes_psy\", \"invoke_0:r0\", 0, 0)\n"
" IF (f1_proxy%is_dirty(depth=1)) THEN\n" in result)
assert (" CALL tool1_psy_data%PostEnd\n"
" CALL profile_psy_data%PreStart(\"multi_functions_multi_"
"invokes_psy\", \"invoke_0:r1\", 0, 0)\n"
" DO cell=1,mesh%get_last_halo_cell(1)" in result)
assert (" CALL f1_proxy%set_dirty()\n"
" !\n"
" CALL profile_psy_data%PostEnd\n"
" DO cell=1,mesh%get_last_halo_cell(1)" in result)
def trans(psy):
'''A PSyclone-script compliant transformation function. Adds
profiling to an invoke.
:param psy: The PSy layer object to apply transformations to.
:type psy: :py:class:`psyclone.psyGen.PSy`
'''
print("Invokes found:\n{0}\n".format("\n".join(
[str(name) for name in psy.invokes.names])))
p_trans = ProfileTrans()
for invoke in psy.invokes.invoke_list:
sched = invoke.schedule
if not sched:
print("Invoke {0} has no Schedule! Skipping...".format(
invoke.name))
continue
# Enclose all children of the schedule within a single profile region
p_trans.apply(sched.children)
sched.view()
def trans(psy):
'''
Take the supplied psy object, add OpenACC directives and then enclose
the whole schedule within a profiling region.
:param psy: the PSy layer to transform.
:type psy: :py:class:`psyclone.gocean1p0.GOPSy`
:returns: the transformed PSy object.
:rtype: :py:class:`psyclone.gocean1p0.GOPSy`
'''
proftrans = ProfileTrans()
# Use the trans() routine in acc_transform.py to add the OpenACC directives
psy = acc_trans(psy)
invoke = psy.invokes.get('invoke_0_inc_field')
schedule = invoke.schedule
# Enclose everything in a profiling region
proftrans.apply(schedule.children)
schedule.view()
return psy
def add_profile_nodes(schedule, loop_class):
'''This function inserts all required Profiling Nodes (for invokes
and kernels, as specified on the command line) into a schedule.
:param schedule: The schedule to instrument.
:type schedule: :py:class:`psyclone.psyGen.InvokeSchedule` or \
derived class
:param loop_class: The loop class (e.g. GOLoop, DynLoop) to instrument.
:type loop_class: :py:class:`psyclone.psyir.nodes.Loop` or \
derived class.
'''
from psyclone.psyir.transformations import ProfileTrans
profile_trans = ProfileTrans()
if Profiler.profile_kernels():
for i in schedule.children:
if isinstance(i, loop_class):
profile_trans.apply(i)
if Profiler.profile_invokes():
profile_trans.apply(schedule.children)
def test_no_psydata_in_kernels(parser, monkeypatch):
''' Check that we refuse to generate code when a kernels region
contains PSyData calls. '''
code = parser(FortranStringReader(EXPLICIT_LOOP))
psy = PSyFactory(API, distributed_memory=False).create(code)
schedule = psy.invokes.invoke_list[0].schedule
ptrans = ProfileTrans()
acc_trans = ACCKernelsTrans()
acc_trans.apply(schedule[0])
# Attempt to put a profiling call within the loop
assign = schedule.walk(Assignment)[0]
with pytest.raises(TransformationError) as err:
ptrans.apply(assign)
assert ("A PSyData node cannot be inserted inside an OpenACC region"
in str(err.value))
# Monkeypatch the validate() method so as to avoid the checking
# that it does
monkeypatch.setattr(ptrans, "validate", lambda x, y: None)
ptrans.apply(assign)
# Check that an appropriate error is raised at code-generation time
with pytest.raises(GenerationError) as err:
_ = psy.gen
assert ("Cannot include calls to PSyData routines within OpenACC "
"regions" in str(err.value))
representation of NEMO code to insert profiling calls.
'''
from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function
import re
import pytest
from fparser.common.readfortran import FortranStringReader
from psyclone.errors import InternalError
from psyclone.configuration import Config
from psyclone.psyGen import PSyFactory
from psyclone.psyir.nodes import PSyDataNode
from psyclone.psyir.transformations import ProfileTrans, TransformationError
# The transformation that most of these tests use
PTRANS = ProfileTrans()
@pytest.fixture(scope="module", autouse=True)
def setup():
'''Make sure that all tests here use the nemo API, and that we clean
up the config file at the end of the tests.'''
Config.get().api = "nemo"
yield()
# At the end of all tests make sure that we wipe the Config object
# so we get a fresh/default one for any further test (and not a
# left-over one from a test here).
Config._instance = None
def test_profile_basic(capsys):
'''Check basic functionality: node names, schedule view.
'''
Profiler.set_options([Profiler.INVOKES])
_, invoke = get_invoke("test11_different_iterates_over_one_invoke.f90",
"gocean1.0",
idx=0,
dist_mem=False)
# This test expects constant loop bounds
invoke.schedule._const_loop_bounds = True
Profiler.add_profile_nodes(invoke.schedule, Loop)
assert isinstance(invoke.schedule[0], ProfileNode)
invoke.schedule.view()
out, _ = capsys.readouterr()
gsched = colored("GOInvokeSchedule", GOInvokeSchedule._colour)
sched = colored("Schedule", Schedule._colour)
loop = Loop().coloured_name(True)
profile = invoke.schedule[0].coloured_name(True)
# Do one test based on schedule view, to make sure colouring
# and indentation is correct
expected = (gsched + "[invoke='invoke_0', Constant loop bounds=True]\n"
" 0: " + profile + "[]\n"
" " + sched + "[]\n"
" 0: " + loop +
"[type='outer', field_space='go_cv', "
"it_space='go_internal_pts']\n")
assert expected in out
prt = ProfileTrans()
# Insert a profile call between outer and inner loop.
# This tests that we find the subroutine node even
# if it is not the immediate parent.
new_sched, _ = prt.apply(invoke.schedule[0].profile_body[0].loop_body[0])
new_sched_str = str(new_sched)
correct = ("""GOInvokeSchedule[invoke='invoke_0', \
Constant loop bounds=True]:
ProfileStart[var=profile_psy_data]
GOLoop[id:'', variable:'j', loop_type:'outer']
Literal[value:'2', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'jstop-1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Schedule:
ProfileStart[var=profile_psy_data_1]
GOLoop[id:'', variable:'i', loop_type:'inner']
Literal[value:'2', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'istop', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Schedule:
kern call: compute_cv_code
End Schedule
End GOLoop
ProfileEnd
End Schedule
End GOLoop
GOLoop[id:'', variable:'j', loop_type:'outer']
Literal[value:'1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'jstop+1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Schedule:
GOLoop[id:'', variable:'i', loop_type:'inner']
Literal[value:'1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'istop+1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Schedule:
kern call: bc_ssh_code
End Schedule
End GOLoop
End Schedule
End GOLoop
ProfileEnd
End Schedule""")
assert correct in new_sched_str
Profiler.set_options(None)
def test_transform(capsys):
'''Tests normal behaviour of profile region transformation.'''
# pylint: disable=too-many-locals
_, invoke = get_invoke("test27_loop_swap.f90",
"gocean1.0",
name="invoke_loop1",
dist_mem=False)
schedule = invoke.schedule
# This test expects constant loop bounds
schedule._const_loop_bounds = True
prt = ProfileTrans()
assert str(prt) == "Create a sub-tree of the PSyIR that has " \
"a node of type ProfileNode at its root."
assert prt.name == "ProfileTrans"
# Try applying it to a list
sched1, _ = prt.apply(schedule.children)
correct = ("""GOInvokeSchedule[invoke='invoke_loop1', \
Constant loop bounds=True]:
ProfileStart[var=profile_psy_data]
GOLoop[id:'', variable:'j', loop_type:'outer']
Literal[value:'2', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'jstop', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Schedule:
GOLoop[id:'', variable:'i', loop_type:'inner']
Literal[value:'2', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'istop', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Schedule:
kern call: bc_ssh_code
End Schedule
End GOLoop
End Schedule
End GOLoop
GOLoop[id:'', variable:'j', loop_type:'outer']
Literal[value:'1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'jstop+1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Schedule:
GOLoop[id:'', variable:'i', loop_type:'inner']
Literal[value:'1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'istop', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Schedule:
kern call: bc_solid_u_code
End Schedule
End GOLoop
End Schedule
End GOLoop
GOLoop[id:'', variable:'j', loop_type:'outer']
Literal[value:'1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'jstop', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Schedule:
GOLoop[id:'', variable:'i', loop_type:'inner']
Literal[value:'1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'istop+1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Schedule:
kern call: bc_solid_v_code
End Schedule
End GOLoop
End Schedule
End GOLoop
ProfileEnd
End Schedule""")
assert correct in str(sched1)
# Now only wrap a single node - the middle loop:
sched2, _ = prt.apply(schedule[0].profile_body[1])
correct = ("""GOInvokeSchedule[invoke='invoke_loop1', \
Constant loop bounds=True]:
ProfileStart[var=profile_psy_data]
GOLoop[id:'', variable:'j', loop_type:'outer']
Literal[value:'2', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'jstop', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Schedule:
GOLoop[id:'', variable:'i', loop_type:'inner']
Literal[value:'2', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'istop', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Schedule:
kern call: bc_ssh_code
End Schedule
End GOLoop
End Schedule
End GOLoop
ProfileStart[var=profile_psy_data_1]
GOLoop[id:'', variable:'j', loop_type:'outer']
Literal[value:'1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'jstop+1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Schedule:
GOLoop[id:'', variable:'i', loop_type:'inner']
Literal[value:'1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'istop', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Schedule:
kern call: bc_solid_u_code
End Schedule
End GOLoop
End Schedule
End GOLoop
ProfileEnd
GOLoop[id:'', variable:'j', loop_type:'outer']
Literal[value:'1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'jstop', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Schedule:
GOLoop[id:'', variable:'i', loop_type:'inner']
Literal[value:'1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'istop+1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Literal[value:'1', Scalar<INTEGER, UNDEFINED>]
Schedule:
kern call: bc_solid_v_code
End Schedule
End GOLoop
End Schedule
End GOLoop
ProfileEnd
End Schedule""")
assert correct in str(sched2)
# Check that a sublist created from individual elements
# can be wrapped
sched3, _ = prt.apply(
[sched2[0].profile_body[0], sched2[0].profile_body[1]])
sched3.view()
out, _ = capsys.readouterr()
gsched = colored("GOInvokeSchedule", GOInvokeSchedule._colour)
prof = colored("Profile", ProfileNode._colour)
sched = colored("Schedule", Schedule._colour)
loop = colored("Loop", Loop._colour)
indent = 4 * " "
correct = (gsched +
"[invoke='invoke_loop1', Constant loop bounds=True]\n" +
indent + "0: " + prof + "[]\n" + 2 * indent + sched + "[]\n" +
3 * indent + "0: " + prof + "[]\n" + 4 * indent + sched +
"[]\n" + 5 * indent + "0: " + loop +
"[type='outer', field_space='go_ct',"
" it_space='go_internal_pts']\n")
assert correct in out
correct2 = (5 * indent + "1: " + prof + "[]\n" + 6 * indent + sched +
"[]\n" + 7 * indent + "0: " + loop +
"[type='outer', field_space='go_cu',"
" it_space='go_all_pts']\n")
assert correct2 in out
from psyclone.psyir.transformations import TransformationError, ProfileTrans
from psyclone.psyir.nodes import IfBlock, CodeBlock, Schedule, \
ArrayReference, Assignment, BinaryOperation, NaryOperation, Loop, \
Literal, Return, Call
from psyclone.psyir.symbols import ScalarType
from psyclone.nemo import NemoInvokeSchedule, NemoKern, NemoLoop
from psyclone.errors import InternalError
# Which version of the NVIDIA (PGI) compiler we are targetting (different
# versions have different bugs that we have to workaround).
PGI_VERSION = 1940 # i.e. 19.4
# Get the PSyclone transformations we will use
ACC_KERN_TRANS = TransInfo().get_trans_name('ACCKernelsTrans')
ACC_LOOP_TRANS = TransInfo().get_trans_name('ACCLoopTrans')
PROFILE_TRANS = ProfileTrans()
# Whether or not to automatically add profiling calls around
# un-accelerated regions
_AUTO_PROFILE = True
# If routine names contain these substrings then we do not profile them
PROFILING_IGNORE = [
"_init",
"_rst",
"alloc",
"agrif",
"flo_dom",
"ice_thd_pnd",
"macho",
"mpp_",
"nemo_gcm",