Beispiel #1
0
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
        super(piecewise_dcc, self).__init__(*args, **kwds)

        # create index sets
        polytopes = range(len(self.breakpoints) - 1)
        vertices = range(len(self.breakpoints))

        def polytope_verts(p):
            return xrange(p, p + 2)

        # create vars
        self.v = variable_dict()
        lmbda = self.v['lambda'] = variable_dict(
            ((p, v), variable(lb=0)) for p in polytopes for v in vertices)
        y = self.v['y'] = variable_tuple(
            variable(domain=Binary) for p in polytopes)

        # create piecewise constraints
        self.c = constraint_list()

        self.c.append(linear_constraint(
            variables=tuple(lmbda[p,v]
                            for p in polytopes
                            for v in polytope_verts(p)) + \
                      (self.input,),
            coefficients=tuple(self.breakpoints[v]
                               for p in polytopes
                               for v in polytope_verts(p)) + \
                      (-1,),
            rhs=0))

        self.c.append(linear_constraint(
            variables=tuple(lmbda[p,v]
                            for p in polytopes
                            for v in polytope_verts(p)) + \
                      (self.output,),
            coefficients=tuple(self.values[v]
                               for p in polytopes
                               for v in polytope_verts(p)) + (-1,)))
        if self.bound == 'ub':
            self.c[-1].lb = 0
        elif self.bound == 'lb':
            self.c[-1].ub = 0
        else:
            assert self.bound == 'eq'
            self.c[-1].rhs = 0

        clist = []
        for p in polytopes:
            variables = tuple(lmbda[p, v] for v in polytope_verts(p))
            clist.append(
                linear_constraint(variables=variables + (y[p], ),
                                  coefficients=(1, ) * len(variables) + (-1, ),
                                  rhs=0))
        self.c.append(constraint_tuple(clist))

        self.c.append(
            linear_constraint(variables=tuple(y),
                              coefficients=(1, ) * len(y),
                              rhs=1))
Beispiel #2
0
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
        super(piecewise_inc, self).__init__(*args, **kwds)

        # create indexers
        polytopes = range(len(self.breakpoints)-1)

        # create vars
        self.v = variable_dict()
        delta = self.v['delta'] = variable_tuple(
            variable() for p in polytopes)
        delta[0].ub = 1
        delta[-1].lb = 0
        delta_tuple = tuple(delta)
        y = self.v['y'] = variable_tuple(
            variable(domain_type=IntegerSet, lb=0, ub=1)
            for p in polytopes[:-1])

        # create piecewise constraints
        self.c = constraint_list()

        self.c.append(linear_constraint(
            variables=(self.input,) + delta_tuple,
            coefficients=(-1,) + tuple(self.breakpoints[p+1] - \
                                       self.breakpoints[p]
                                       for p in polytopes),
            rhs=-self.breakpoints[0]))

        self.c.append(linear_constraint(
            variables=(self.output,) + delta_tuple,
            coefficients=(-1,) + tuple(self.values[p+1] - \
                                       self.values[p]
                                       for p in polytopes)))
        if self.bound == 'ub':
            self.c[-1].lb = -self.values[0]
        elif self.bound == 'lb':
            self.c[-1].ub = -self.values[0]
        else:
            assert self.bound == 'eq'
            self.c[-1].rhs = -self.values[0]

        clist1 = []
        clist2 = []
        for p in polytopes[:-1]:
            clist1.append(linear_constraint(
                variables=(delta[p+1], y[p]),
                coefficients=(1, -1),
                ub=0))
            clist2.append(linear_constraint(
                variables=(y[p], delta[p]),
                coefficients=(1, -1),
                ub=0))
        self.c.append(constraint_tuple(clist1))
        self.c.append(constraint_tuple(clist2))
Beispiel #3
0
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
        super(piecewise_nd_cc, self).__init__(*args, **kwds)

        ndim = len(self.input)
        nsimplices = len(self.triangulation.simplices)
        npoints = len(self.triangulation.points)
        pointsT = list(zip(*self.triangulation.points))

        # create index objects
        dimensions = range(ndim)
        simplices = range(nsimplices)
        vertices = range(npoints)

        # create vars
        self.v = variable_dict()
        lmbda = self.v['lambda'] = variable_tuple(
            variable(lb=0) for v in vertices)
        y = self.v['y'] = variable_tuple(
            variable(domain=Binary) for s in simplices)
        lmbda_tuple = tuple(lmbda)

        # create constraints
        self.c = constraint_list()

        clist = []
        for d in dimensions:
            clist.append(linear_constraint(
                variables=lmbda_tuple + (self.input[d],),
                coefficients=tuple(pointsT[d]) + (-1,),
                rhs=0))
        self.c.append(constraint_tuple(clist))
        del clist

        self.c.append(linear_constraint(
            variables=lmbda_tuple + (self.output,),
            coefficients=tuple(self.values) + (-1,)))
        if self.bound == 'ub':
            self.c[-1].lb = 0
        elif self.bound == 'lb':
            self.c[-1].ub = 0
        else:
            assert self.bound == 'eq'
            self.c[-1].rhs = 0

        self.c.append(linear_constraint(
            variables=lmbda_tuple,
            coefficients=(1,)*len(lmbda_tuple),
            rhs=1))

        # generate a map from vertex index to simplex index,
        # which avoids an n^2 lookup when generating the
        # constraint
        vertex_to_simplex = [[] for v in vertices]
        for s, simplex in enumerate(self.triangulation.simplices):
            for v in simplex:
                vertex_to_simplex[v].append(s)

        clist = []
        for v in vertices:
            variables = tuple(y[s] for s in vertex_to_simplex[v])
            clist.append(linear_constraint(
                variables=variables + (lmbda[v],),
                coefficients=(1,)*len(variables) + (-1,),
                lb=0))
        self.c.append(constraint_tuple(clist))
        del clist

        self.c.append(linear_constraint(
            variables=y,
            coefficients=(1,)*len(y),
            rhs=1))
Beispiel #4
0
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
        super(piecewise_dlog, self).__init__(*args, **kwds)

        breakpoints = self.breakpoints
        values = self.values

        if not is_positive_power_of_two(len(breakpoints) - 1):
            raise ValueError("The list of breakpoints must be "
                             "of length (2^n)+1 for some positive "
                             "integer n. Invalid length: %s" %
                             (len(breakpoints)))

        # create branching schemes
        L = log2floor(len(breakpoints) - 1)
        assert 2**L == len(breakpoints) - 1
        B_LEFT, B_RIGHT = self._branching_scheme(L)

        # create indexers
        polytopes = range(len(breakpoints) - 1)
        vertices = range(len(breakpoints))

        def polytope_verts(p):
            return xrange(p, p + 2)

        # create vars
        self.v = variable_dict()
        lmbda = self.v['lambda'] = variable_dict(((p, v), variable(lb=0))
                                                 for p in polytopes
                                                 for v in polytope_verts(p))
        y = self.v['y'] = variable_tuple(
            variable(domain=Binary) for i in range(L))

        # create piecewise constraints
        self.c = constraint_list()

        self.c.append(
            linear_constraint(
                variables=(self.input, ) + tuple(lmbda[p, v] for p in polytopes
                                                 for v in polytope_verts(p)),
                coefficients=(-1, ) + tuple(breakpoints[v] for p in polytopes
                                            for v in polytope_verts(p)),
                rhs=0))

        self.c.append(
            linear_constraint(
                variables=(self.output, ) + tuple(lmbda[p, v]
                                                  for p in polytopes
                                                  for v in polytope_verts(p)),
                coefficients=(-1, ) + tuple(values[v] for p in polytopes
                                            for v in polytope_verts(p))))
        if self.bound == 'ub':
            self.c[-1].lb = 0
        elif self.bound == 'lb':
            self.c[-1].ub = 0
        else:
            assert self.bound == 'eq'
            self.c[-1].rhs = 0

        self.c.append(
            linear_constraint(variables=tuple(lmbda.values()),
                              coefficients=(1, ) * len(lmbda),
                              rhs=1))

        clist = []
        for i in range(L):
            variables = tuple(lmbda[p, v] for p in B_LEFT[i]
                              for v in polytope_verts(p))
            clist.append(
                linear_constraint(variables=variables + (y[i], ),
                                  coefficients=(1, ) * len(variables) + (-1, ),
                                  ub=0))
        self.c.append(constraint_tuple(clist))
        del clist

        clist = []
        for i in range(L):
            variables = tuple(lmbda[p, v] for p in B_RIGHT[i]
                              for v in polytope_verts(p))
            clist.append(
                linear_constraint(variables=variables + (y[i], ),
                                  coefficients=(1, ) * len(variables) + (1, ),
                                  ub=1))
        self.c.append(constraint_tuple(clist))
Beispiel #5
0
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
        super(piecewise_mc, self).__init__(*args, **kwds)

        # create indexers
        polytopes = range(len(self.breakpoints) - 1)

        # create constants (using future division)
        # these might also be expressions if the breakpoints
        # or values lists contain mutable objects
        slopes = tuple((self.values[p+1] - self.values[p]) / \
                       (self.breakpoints[p+1] - self.breakpoints[p])
                       for p in polytopes)
        intercepts = tuple(self.values[p] - \
                           (slopes[p] * self.breakpoints[p])
                           for p in polytopes)

        # create vars
        self.v = variable_dict()
        lmbda = self.v['lambda'] = variable_tuple(variable()
                                                  for p in polytopes)
        lmbda_tuple = tuple(lmbda)
        y = self.v['y'] = variable_tuple(
            variable(domain=Binary) for p in polytopes)
        y_tuple = tuple(y)

        # create piecewise constraints
        self.c = constraint_list()

        self.c.append(
            linear_constraint(variables=lmbda_tuple + (self.input, ),
                              coefficients=(1, ) * len(lmbda) + (-1, ),
                              rhs=0))

        self.c.append(
            linear_constraint(variables=lmbda_tuple + y_tuple +
                              (self.output, ),
                              coefficients=slopes + intercepts + (-1, )))
        if self.bound == 'ub':
            self.c[-1].lb = 0
        elif self.bound == 'lb':
            self.c[-1].ub = 0
        else:
            assert self.bound == 'eq'
            self.c[-1].rhs = 0

        clist1 = []
        clist2 = []
        for p in polytopes:
            clist1.append(
                linear_constraint(variables=(y[p], lmbda[p]),
                                  coefficients=(self.breakpoints[p], -1),
                                  ub=0))
            clist2.append(
                linear_constraint(variables=(lmbda[p], y[p]),
                                  coefficients=(1, -self.breakpoints[p + 1]),
                                  ub=0))
        self.c.append(constraint_tuple(clist1))
        self.c.append(constraint_tuple(clist2))

        self.c.append(
            linear_constraint(variables=y_tuple,
                              coefficients=(1, ) * len(y),
                              rhs=1))
Beispiel #6
0
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
        super(piecewise_cc, self).__init__(*args, **kwds)

        # create index sets
        polytopes = range(len(self.breakpoints) - 1)
        vertices = range(len(self.breakpoints))

        def vertex_polys(v):
            if v == 0:
                return [v]
            if v == len(self.breakpoints) - 1:
                return [v - 1]
            else:
                return [v - 1, v]

        # create vars
        self.v = variable_dict()
        lmbda = self.v['lambda'] = variable_tuple(
            variable(lb=0) for v in vertices)
        y = self.v['y'] = variable_tuple(
            variable(domain=Binary) for p in polytopes)

        lmbda_tuple = tuple(lmbda)

        # create piecewise constraints
        self.c = constraint_list()

        self.c.append(
            linear_constraint(variables=lmbda_tuple + (self.input, ),
                              coefficients=self.breakpoints + (-1, ),
                              rhs=0))

        self.c.append(
            linear_constraint(variables=lmbda_tuple + (self.output, ),
                              coefficients=self.values + (-1, )))
        if self.bound == 'ub':
            self.c[-1].lb = 0
        elif self.bound == 'lb':
            self.c[-1].ub = 0
        else:
            assert self.bound == 'eq'
            self.c[-1].rhs = 0

        self.c.append(
            linear_constraint(variables=lmbda_tuple,
                              coefficients=(1, ) * len(lmbda),
                              rhs=1))

        clist = []
        for v in vertices:
            variables = tuple(y[p] for p in vertex_polys(v))
            clist.append(
                linear_constraint(variables=variables + (lmbda[v], ),
                                  coefficients=(1, ) * len(variables) + (-1, ),
                                  lb=0))
        self.c.append(constraint_tuple(clist))

        self.c.append(
            linear_constraint(variables=tuple(y),
                              coefficients=(1, ) * len(y),
                              rhs=1))
Beispiel #7
0
class TestComponentSet(unittest.TestCase):

    _components = [
        variable(),
        variable_dict(),
        variable_list(),
        constraint(),
        constraint_dict(),
        constraint_list(),
        objective(),
        objective_dict(),
        objective_list(),
        expression(),
        expression_dict(),
        expression_list(),
        block(),
        block_dict(),
        block_list(),
        suffix()
    ]

    def test_pickle(self):
        c = ComponentSet()
        self.assertEqual(len(c), 0)
        cup = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(c))
        self.assertIsNot(cup, c)
        self.assertEqual(len(cup), 0)

        v = variable()
        c.add(v)
        self.assertEqual(len(c), 1)
        self.assertTrue(v in c)
        cup = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(c))
        vup = cup.pop()
        cup.add(vup)
        self.assertIsNot(cup, c)
        self.assertIsNot(vup, v)
        self.assertEqual(len(cup), 1)
        self.assertTrue(vup in cup)
        self.assertEqual(vup.parent, None)

        b = block()
        V = b.V = variable_list()
        b.V.append(v)
        b.c = c
        self.assertEqual(len(c), 1)
        self.assertTrue(v in c)
        self.assertIs(v.parent, b.V)
        self.assertIs(V.parent, b)
        self.assertIs(b.parent, None)
        bup = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(b))
        Vup = bup.V
        vup = Vup[0]
        cup = bup.c
        self.assertIsNot(cup, c)
        self.assertIsNot(vup, v)
        self.assertIsNot(Vup, V)
        self.assertIsNot(bup, b)
        self.assertEqual(len(cup), 1)
        self.assertTrue(vup in cup)
        self.assertIs(vup.parent, Vup)
        self.assertIs(Vup.parent, bup)
        self.assertIs(bup.parent, None)

        self.assertEqual(len(c), 1)
        self.assertTrue(v in c)

    def test_init(self):
        cset = ComponentSet()
        cset = ComponentSet(self._components)
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            cset = ComponentSet(*self._components)

    def test_type(self):
        cset = ComponentSet()
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(cset, collections.abc.Set))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(cset, collections.abc.MutableSet))
        self.assertTrue(issubclass(type(cset), collections.abc.Set))
        self.assertTrue(issubclass(type(cset), collections.abc.MutableSet))

    def test_str(self):
        cset = ComponentSet()
        self.assertEqual(str(cset), "ComponentSet([])")
        cset.update(self._components)
        str(cset)

    def test_len(self):
        cset = ComponentSet()
        self.assertEqual(len(cset), 0)
        cset.update(self._components)
        self.assertEqual(len(cset), len(self._components))
        cset = ComponentSet(self._components)
        self.assertEqual(len(cset), len(self._components))
        self.assertTrue(len(self._components) > 0)

    def test_iter(self):
        cset = ComponentSet()
        self.assertEqual(list(iter(cset)), [])
        cset.update(self._components)
        ids_seen = set()
        for c in cset:
            ids_seen.add(id(c))
        self.assertEqual(ids_seen, set(id(c) for c in self._components))

    def set_add(self):
        cset = ComponentSet()
        self.assertEqual(len(cset), 0)
        for i, c in enumerate(self._components):
            self.assertTrue(c not in cset)
            cset.add(c)
            self.assertTrue(c in cset)
            self.assertEqual(len(cset), i + 1)
        self.assertEqual(len(cset), len(self._components))
        for c in self._components:
            self.assertTrue(c in cset)
            cset.add(c)
            self.assertTrue(c in cset)
            self.assertEqual(len(cset), len(self._components))

    def test_pop(self):
        cset = ComponentSet()
        self.assertEqual(len(cset), 0)
        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
            cset.pop()
        v = variable()
        cset.add(v)
        self.assertTrue(v in cset)
        self.assertEqual(len(cset), 1)
        v_ = cset.pop()
        self.assertIs(v, v_)
        self.assertTrue(v not in cset)
        self.assertEqual(len(cset), 0)

    def test_update(self):
        cset = ComponentSet()
        self.assertEqual(len(cset), 0)
        cset.update(self._components)
        self.assertEqual(len(cset), len(self._components))
        for c in self._components:
            self.assertTrue(c in cset)

    def test_clear(self):
        cset = ComponentSet()
        self.assertEqual(len(cset), 0)
        cset.update(self._components)
        self.assertEqual(len(cset), len(self._components))
        cset.clear()
        self.assertEqual(len(cset), 0)

    def test_remove(self):
        cset = ComponentSet()
        self.assertEqual(len(cset), 0)
        cset.update(self._components)
        self.assertEqual(len(cset), len(self._components))
        for i, c in enumerate(self._components):
            cset.remove(c)
            self.assertEqual(len(cset), len(self._components) - (i + 1))
        for c in self._components:
            self.assertTrue(c not in cset)
            with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
                cset.remove(c)

    def test_discard(self):
        cset = ComponentSet()
        self.assertEqual(len(cset), 0)
        cset.update(self._components)
        self.assertEqual(len(cset), len(self._components))
        for i, c in enumerate(self._components):
            cset.discard(c)
            self.assertEqual(len(cset), len(self._components) - (i + 1))
        for c in self._components:
            self.assertTrue(c not in cset)
            cset.discard(c)

    def test_isdisjoint(self):
        cset1 = ComponentSet()
        cset2 = ComponentSet()
        self.assertTrue(cset1.isdisjoint(cset2))
        self.assertTrue(cset2.isdisjoint(cset1))
        v = variable()
        cset1.add(v)
        self.assertTrue(cset1.isdisjoint(cset2))
        self.assertTrue(cset2.isdisjoint(cset1))
        cset2.add(v)
        self.assertFalse(cset1.isdisjoint(cset2))
        self.assertFalse(cset2.isdisjoint(cset1))

    def test_misc_set_ops(self):
        v1 = variable()
        cset1 = ComponentSet([v1])
        v2 = variable()
        cset2 = ComponentSet([v2])
        cset3 = ComponentSet([v1, v2])
        empty = ComponentSet([])
        self.assertEqual(cset1 | cset2, cset3)
        self.assertEqual((cset1 | cset2) - cset3, empty)
        self.assertEqual(cset1 ^ cset2, cset3)
        self.assertEqual(cset1 ^ cset3, cset2)
        self.assertEqual(cset2 ^ cset3, cset1)
        self.assertEqual(cset1 & cset2, empty)
        self.assertEqual(cset1 & cset3, cset1)
        self.assertEqual(cset2 & cset3, cset2)

    def test_eq(self):
        cset1 = ComponentSet()
        self.assertEqual(cset1, set())
        self.assertTrue(cset1 == set())
        self.assertNotEqual(cset1, list())
        self.assertFalse(cset1 == list())
        self.assertNotEqual(cset1, tuple())
        self.assertFalse(cset1 == tuple())
        self.assertNotEqual(cset1, dict())
        self.assertFalse(cset1 == dict())

        cset1.update(self._components)
        self.assertNotEqual(cset1, set())
        self.assertFalse(cset1 == set())
        self.assertNotEqual(cset1, list())
        self.assertFalse(cset1 == list())
        self.assertNotEqual(cset1, tuple())
        self.assertFalse(cset1 == tuple())
        self.assertNotEqual(cset1, dict())
        self.assertFalse(cset1 == dict())

        self.assertTrue(cset1 == cset1)
        self.assertEqual(cset1, cset1)

        cset2 = ComponentSet(self._components)
        self.assertTrue(cset2 == cset1)
        self.assertFalse(cset2 != cset1)
        self.assertEqual(cset2, cset1)
        self.assertTrue(cset1 == cset2)
        self.assertFalse(cset1 != cset2)
        self.assertEqual(cset1, cset2)

        cset2.remove(self._components[0])
        self.assertFalse(cset2 == cset1)
        self.assertTrue(cset2 != cset1)
        self.assertNotEqual(cset2, cset1)
        self.assertFalse(cset1 == cset2)
        self.assertTrue(cset1 != cset2)
        self.assertNotEqual(cset1, cset2)
Beispiel #8
0
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
        super(piecewise_nd_cc, self).__init__(*args, **kwds)

        ndim = len(self.input)
        nsimplices = len(self.triangulation.simplices)
        npoints = len(self.triangulation.points)
        pointsT = list(zip(*self.triangulation.points))

        # create index objects
        dimensions = range(ndim)
        simplices = range(nsimplices)
        vertices = range(npoints)

        # create vars
        self.v = variable_dict()
        lmbda = self.v['lambda'] = variable_tuple(
            variable(lb=0) for v in vertices)
        y = self.v['y'] = variable_tuple(
            variable(domain=Binary) for s in simplices)
        lmbda_tuple = tuple(lmbda)

        # create constraints
        self.c = constraint_list()

        clist = []
        for d in dimensions:
            clist.append(linear_constraint(
                variables=lmbda_tuple + (self.input[d],),
                coefficients=tuple(pointsT[d]) + (-1,),
                rhs=0))
        self.c.append(constraint_tuple(clist))
        del clist

        self.c.append(linear_constraint(
            variables=lmbda_tuple + (self.output,),
            coefficients=tuple(self.values) + (-1,)))
        if self.bound == 'ub':
            self.c[-1].lb = 0
        elif self.bound == 'lb':
            self.c[-1].ub = 0
        else:
            assert self.bound == 'eq'
            self.c[-1].rhs = 0

        self.c.append(linear_constraint(
            variables=lmbda_tuple,
            coefficients=(1,)*len(lmbda_tuple),
            rhs=1))

        # generate a map from vertex index to simplex index,
        # which avoids an n^2 lookup when generating the
        # constraint
        vertex_to_simplex = [[] for v in vertices]
        for s, simplex in enumerate(self.triangulation.simplices):
            for v in simplex:
                vertex_to_simplex[v].append(s)

        clist = []
        for v in vertices:
            variables = tuple(y[s] for s in vertex_to_simplex[v])
            clist.append(linear_constraint(
                variables=variables + (lmbda[v],),
                coefficients=(1,)*len(variables) + (-1,),
                lb=0))
        self.c.append(constraint_tuple(clist))
        del clist

        self.c.append(linear_constraint(
            variables=y,
            coefficients=(1,)*len(y),
            rhs=1))
Beispiel #9
0
class TestComponentMap(unittest.TestCase):

    _components = [(variable(), "v"),
                   (variable_dict(), "vdict"),
                   (variable_list(), "vlist"),
                   (constraint(), "c"),
                   (constraint_dict(), "cdict"),
                   (constraint_list(), "clist"),
                   (objective(), "o"),
                   (objective_dict(), "odict"),
                   (objective_list(), "olist"),
                   (expression(), "e"),
                   (expression_dict(), "edict"),
                   (expression_list(), "elist"),
                   (block(), "b"),
                   (block_dict(), "bdict"),
                   (block_list(), "blist"),
                   (suffix(), "s")]

    def test_pickle(self):
        c = ComponentMap()
        self.assertEqual(len(c), 0)
        cup = pickle.loads(
            pickle.dumps(c))
        self.assertIsNot(cup, c)
        self.assertEqual(len(cup), 0)

        v = variable()
        c[v] = 1.0
        self.assertEqual(len(c), 1)
        self.assertEqual(c[v], 1.0)
        cup = pickle.loads(
            pickle.dumps(c))
        vup = list(cup.keys())[0]
        self.assertIsNot(cup, c)
        self.assertIsNot(vup, v)
        self.assertEqual(len(cup), 1)
        self.assertEqual(cup[vup], 1)
        self.assertEqual(vup.parent, None)

        b = block()
        V = b.V = variable_list()
        b.V.append(v)
        b.c = c
        self.assertEqual(len(c), 1)
        self.assertEqual(c[v], 1.0)
        self.assertIs(v.parent, b.V)
        self.assertIs(V.parent, b)
        self.assertIs(b.parent, None)
        bup = pickle.loads(
            pickle.dumps(b))
        Vup = bup.V
        vup = Vup[0]
        cup = bup.c
        self.assertIsNot(cup, c)
        self.assertIsNot(vup, v)
        self.assertIsNot(Vup, V)
        self.assertIsNot(bup, b)
        self.assertEqual(len(cup), 1)
        self.assertEqual(cup[vup], 1)
        self.assertIs(vup.parent, Vup)
        self.assertIs(Vup.parent, bup)
        self.assertIs(bup.parent, None)

        self.assertEqual(len(c), 1)
        self.assertEqual(c[v], 1)

    def test_init(self):
        cmap = ComponentMap()
        cmap = ComponentMap(self._components)
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            cmap = ComponentMap(*self._components)

    def test_type(self):
        cmap = ComponentMap()
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(cmap, collections_Mapping))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(cmap, collections_MutableMapping))
        self.assertTrue(issubclass(type(cmap), collections_Mapping))
        self.assertTrue(issubclass(type(cmap), collections_MutableMapping))

    def test_str(self):
        cmap = ComponentMap()
        self.assertEqual(str(cmap), "ComponentMap({})")
        cmap.update(self._components)
        str(cmap)

    def test_len(self):
        cmap = ComponentMap()
        self.assertEqual(len(cmap), 0)
        cmap.update(self._components)
        self.assertEqual(len(cmap), len(self._components))
        cmap = ComponentMap(self._components)
        self.assertEqual(len(cmap), len(self._components))
        self.assertTrue(len(self._components) > 0)

    def test_getsetdelitem(self):
        cmap = ComponentMap()
        for c, val in self._components:
            self.assertTrue(c not in cmap)
        for c, val in self._components:
            cmap[c] = val
            self.assertEqual(cmap[c], val)
            self.assertEqual(cmap.get(c), val)
            del cmap[c]
            with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
                cmap[c]
            with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
                del cmap[c]
            self.assertEqual(cmap.get(c), None)

    def test_iter(self):
        cmap = ComponentMap()
        self.assertEqual(list(iter(cmap)), [])
        cmap.update(self._components)
        ids_seen = set()
        for c in cmap:
            ids_seen.add(id(c))
        self.assertEqual(ids_seen,
                         set(id(c) for c,val in self._components))

    def test_keys(self):
        cmap = ComponentMap(self._components)
        self.assertEqual(sorted(cmap.keys(), key=id),
                         sorted(list(c for c,val in self._components),
                                key=id))

    def test_values(self):
        cmap = ComponentMap(self._components)
        self.assertEqual(sorted(cmap.values()),
                         sorted(list(val for c,val in self._components)))

    def test_items(self):
        cmap = ComponentMap(self._components)
        for x in cmap.items():
            self.assertEqual(type(x), tuple)
            self.assertEqual(len(x), 2)
        self.assertEqual(sorted(cmap.items(),
                                key=lambda _x: (id(_x[0]), _x[1])),
                         sorted(self._components,
                                key=lambda _x: (id(_x[0]), _x[1])))

    def test_update(self):
        cmap = ComponentMap()
        self.assertEqual(len(cmap), 0)
        cmap.update(self._components)
        self.assertEqual(len(cmap), len(self._components))
        for c, val in self._components:
            self.assertEqual(cmap[c], val)

    def test_clear(self):
        cmap = ComponentMap()
        self.assertEqual(len(cmap), 0)
        cmap.update(self._components)
        self.assertEqual(len(cmap), len(self._components))
        cmap.clear()
        self.assertEqual(len(cmap), 0)

    def test_setdefault(self):
        cmap = ComponentMap()
        for c,_ in self._components:
            with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
                cmap[c]
            self.assertTrue(c not in cmap)
            cmap.setdefault(c, []).append(1)
            self.assertEqual(cmap[c], [1])
            del cmap[c]
            with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
                cmap[c]
            self.assertTrue(c not in cmap)
            cmap[c] = []
            cmap.setdefault(c, []).append(1)
            self.assertEqual(cmap[c], [1])

    def test_eq(self):
        cmap1 = ComponentMap()
        self.assertNotEqual(cmap1, set())
        self.assertFalse(cmap1 == set())
        self.assertNotEqual(cmap1, list())
        self.assertFalse(cmap1 == list())
        self.assertNotEqual(cmap1, tuple())
        self.assertFalse(cmap1 == tuple())
        self.assertEqual(cmap1, dict())
        self.assertTrue(cmap1 == dict())

        cmap1.update(self._components)
        self.assertNotEqual(cmap1, set())
        self.assertFalse(cmap1 == set())
        self.assertNotEqual(cmap1, list())
        self.assertFalse(cmap1 == list())
        self.assertNotEqual(cmap1, tuple())
        self.assertFalse(cmap1 == tuple())
        self.assertNotEqual(cmap1, dict())
        self.assertFalse(cmap1 == dict())

        self.assertTrue(cmap1 == cmap1)
        self.assertEqual(cmap1, cmap1)

        cmap2 = ComponentMap(self._components)
        self.assertTrue(cmap2 == cmap1)
        self.assertFalse(cmap2 != cmap1)
        self.assertEqual(cmap2, cmap1)
        self.assertTrue(cmap1 == cmap2)
        self.assertFalse(cmap1 != cmap2)
        self.assertEqual(cmap1, cmap2)

        del cmap2[self._components[0][0]]
        self.assertFalse(cmap2 == cmap1)
        self.assertTrue(cmap2 != cmap1)
        self.assertNotEqual(cmap2, cmap1)
        self.assertFalse(cmap1 == cmap2)
        self.assertTrue(cmap1 != cmap2)
        self.assertNotEqual(cmap1, cmap2)