def runopf_w_res(*args):
"""Runs an optimal power flow with fixed zonal reserves.
Runs an optimal power flow with the addition of reserve requirements
specified as a set of fixed zonal reserves. See L{runopf} for a
description of the input and output arguments, which are the same,
with the exception that the case file or dict C{casedata} must define
a 'reserves' field, which is a dict with the following fields:
- C{zones} C{nrz x ng}, C{zone(i, j) = 1}, if gen C{j} belongs
to zone C{i} 0, otherwise
- C{req} C{nrz x 1}, zonal reserve requirement in MW
- C{cost} (C{ng} or C{ngr}) C{x 1}, cost of reserves in $/MW
- C{qty} (C{ng} or C{ngr}) C{x 1}, max quantity of reserves
in MW (optional)
where C{nrz} is the number of reserve zones and C{ngr} is the number of
generators belonging to at least one reserve zone and C{ng} is the total
number of generators.
In addition to the normal OPF output, the C{results} dict contains a
new 'reserves' field with the following fields, in addition to those
provided in the input:
- C{R} - C{ng x 1}, reserves provided by each gen in MW
- C{Rmin} - C{ng x 1}, lower limit on reserves provided by
each gen, (MW)
- C{Rmax} - C{ng x 1}, upper limit on reserves provided by
each gen, (MW)
- C{mu.l} - C{ng x 1}, shadow price on reserve lower limit, ($/MW)
- C{mu.u} - C{ng x 1}, shadow price on reserve upper limit, ($/MW)
- C{mu.Pmax} - C{ng x 1}, shadow price on C{Pg + R <= Pmax}
constraint, ($/MW)
- C{prc} - C{ng x 1}, reserve price for each gen equal to
maximum of the shadow prices on the zonal requirement constraint
for each zone the generator belongs to
See L{t.t_case30_userfcns} for an example case file with fixed reserves,
and L{toggle_reserves} for the implementation.
Calling syntax options::
results = runopf_w_res(casedata)
results = runopf_w_res(casedata, ppopt)
results = runopf_w_res(casedata, ppopt, fname)
results = runopf_w_res(casedata, [popt, fname, solvedcase)
results, success = runopf_w_res(...)
Example::
results = runopf_w_res('t_case30_userfcns')
@see: L{runopf}, L{toggle_reserves}, L{t.t_case30_userfcns}
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
@author: Richard Lincoln
"""
ppc = loadcase(args[0])
ppc = toggle_reserves(ppc, 'on')
r = runopf(ppc, *args[1:])
r = toggle_reserves(r, 'off')
return r
def optimal_power_flow_energy_reserve(*args):
casedata = args[0] # Target power flow modelling
beta = args[1] # The reserve level
mpc = loadcase(casedata) # Import the power flow modelling
## convert to internal indexing
mpc = ext2int(mpc)
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch,gencost = mpc["baseMVA"], mpc["bus"], mpc["gen"], mpc["branch"],mpc["gencost"] #
nb = shape(mpc['bus'])[0] ## number of buses
nl = shape(mpc['branch'])[0] ## number of branches
ng = shape(mpc['gen'])[0] ## number of dispatchable injections
## Formualte the
stat = branch[:, BR_STATUS] ## ones at in-service branches
b = stat / branch[:, BR_X] ## series susceptance
tap = ones(nl) ## default tap ratio = 1
i = find(branch[:, TAP]) ## indices of non-zero tap ratios
tap[i] = branch[i, TAP] ## assign non-zero tap ratios
## build connection matrix Cft = Cf - Ct for line and from - to buses
f = branch[:, F_BUS] ## list of "from" buses
t = branch[:, T_BUS] ## list of "to" buses
i = r_[range(nl), range(nl)] ## double set of row indices
## connection matrix
Cft = sparse((r_[ones(nl), -ones(nl)], (i, r_[f, t])), (nl, nb))
## build Bf such that Bf * Va is the vector of real branch powers injected
## at each branch's "from" bus
Bf = sparse((r_[b, -b], (i, r_[f, t])), shape=(nl, nb)) ## = spdiags(b, 0, nl, nl) * Cft
## build Bbus
Bbus = Cft.T * Bf
# The distribution factor
Distribution_factor = sparse(Bf*inv(Bbus))
Cg = sparse((ones(ng), (gen[:, GEN_BUS], arange(ng))), (nb, ng)) # Sparse index generation method is different from the way of matlab
Cd = sparse((ones(nb), (bus[:, BUS_I], arange(nb))), (nb, nb)) # Sparse index load
Pd = sum(bus[:,PD]) # Total power demand
# Formulate the problem
lb = concatenate((gen[:,PMIN],zeros(ng))) # extend the
ub = concatenate((gen[:,PMAX],gen[:,PMAX]))
Aeq = sparse(concatenate((ones(ng),zeros(ng))))
beq = [Pd]
Aineq = sparse(hstack([Distribution_factor * Cg,zeros((nl,ng))]))
Aineq = vstack([Aineq, -Aineq])
# The ramp reserve requirement
Aineq = vstack([Aineq, sparse((r_[ones(ng), ones(ng)], (r_[arange(ng), arange(ng)], r_[arange(ng), ng+arange(ng)])), (ng, 2*ng))])
Aineq = vstack([Aineq, sparse((r_[-ones(ng), ones(ng)], (r_[arange(ng), arange(ng)], r_[arange(ng), ng+arange(ng)])), (ng, 2*ng))])
bineq = concatenate((branch[:, RATE_A] + Distribution_factor * Cd * bus[:, PD], branch[:, RATE_A] - Distribution_factor * Cd * bus[:, PD]))
bineq = concatenate((bineq, gen[:, PMAX]))
bineq = concatenate((bineq, -gen[:, PMIN]))
c = concatenate((gencost[:,5],zeros(ng)))
Q = diag(concatenate((gencost[:,4],zeros(ng))))
(Pg,obj) = miqp_gurobi(c = c,Q = Q, Aeq = Aeq, beq = beq, A = Aineq, b = bineq, xmin = lb,xmax = ub)
obj = obj + sum(gencost[:,6])
return Pg, obj
def runopf_w_res(*args):
"""Runs an optimal power flow with fixed zonal reserves.
Runs an optimal power flow with the addition of reserve requirements
specified as a set of fixed zonal reserves. See L{runopf} for a
description of the input and output arguments, which are the same,
with the exception that the case file or dict C{casedata} must define
a 'reserves' field, which is a dict with the following fields:
- C{zones} C{nrz x ng}, C{zone(i, j) = 1}, if gen C{j} belongs
to zone C{i} 0, otherwise
- C{req} C{nrz x 1}, zonal reserve requirement in MW
- C{cost} (C{ng} or C{ngr}) C{x 1}, cost of reserves in $/MW
- C{qty} (C{ng} or C{ngr}) C{x 1}, max quantity of reserves
in MW (optional)
where C{nrz} is the number of reserve zones and C{ngr} is the number of
generators belonging to at least one reserve zone and C{ng} is the total
number of generators.
In addition to the normal OPF output, the C{results} dict contains a
new 'reserves' field with the following fields, in addition to those
provided in the input:
- C{R} - C{ng x 1}, reserves provided by each gen in MW
- C{Rmin} - C{ng x 1}, lower limit on reserves provided by
each gen, (MW)
- C{Rmax} - C{ng x 1}, upper limit on reserves provided by
each gen, (MW)
- C{mu.l} - C{ng x 1}, shadow price on reserve lower limit, ($/MW)
- C{mu.u} - C{ng x 1}, shadow price on reserve upper limit, ($/MW)
- C{mu.Pmax} - C{ng x 1}, shadow price on C{Pg + R <= Pmax}
constraint, ($/MW)
- C{prc} - C{ng x 1}, reserve price for each gen equal to
maximum of the shadow prices on the zonal requirement constraint
for each zone the generator belongs to
See L{t.t_case30_userfcns} for an example case file with fixed reserves,
and L{toggle_reserves} for the implementation.
Calling syntax options::
results = runopf_w_res(casedata)
results = runopf_w_res(casedata, ppopt)
results = runopf_w_res(casedata, ppopt, fname)
results = runopf_w_res(casedata, [popt, fname, solvedcase)
results, success = runopf_w_res(...)
Example::
results = runopf_w_res('t_case30_userfcns')
@see: L{runopf}, L{toggle_reserves}, L{t.t_case30_userfcns}
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
@author: Richard Lincoln
"""
ppc = loadcase(args[0])
ppc = toggle_reserves(ppc, 'on')
r = runopf(ppc, *args[1:])
r = toggle_reserves(r, 'off')
return r
def t_makeLODF(quiet=False):
"""Tests for C{makeLODF}.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
@author: Richard Lincoln
"""
ntests = 31
t_begin(ntests, quiet)
tdir = dirname(__file__)
casefile = join(tdir, 't_auction_case')
verbose = 0 #not quiet
## load case
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
ppopt = ppoption(VERBOSE=verbose, OUT_ALL=0)
r = rundcopf(ppc, ppopt)
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch = r['baseMVA'], r['bus'], r['gen'], r['branch']
_, bus, gen, branch = ext2int1(bus, gen, branch)
## compute injections and flows
F0 = branch[:, PF]
## create some PTDF matrices
H = makePTDF(baseMVA, bus, branch, 0)
## create some PTDF matrices
try:
LODF = makeLODF(branch, H)
except ZeroDivisionError:
pass
## take out non-essential lines one-by-one and see what happens
ppc['bus'] = bus
ppc['gen'] = gen
branch0 = branch
outages = r_[arange(12),
arange(13, 15),
arange(16, 18), [19],
arange(26, 33),
arange(34, 41)]
for k in outages:
ppc['branch'] = branch0.copy()
ppc['branch'][k, BR_STATUS] = 0
r, _ = rundcpf(ppc, ppopt)
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch = \
r['baseMVA'], r['bus'], r['gen'], r['branch']
F = branch[:, PF]
t_is(LODF[:, k], (F - F0) / F0[k], 6, 'LODF[:, %d]' % k)
t_end()
def t_makeLODF(quiet=False):
"""Tests for C{makeLODF}.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
@author: Richard Lincoln
"""
ntests = 31
t_begin(ntests, quiet)
tdir = dirname(__file__)
casefile = join(tdir, 't_auction_case')
verbose = 0#not quiet
## load case
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
ppopt = ppoption(VERBOSE=verbose, OUT_ALL=0)
r = rundcopf(ppc, ppopt)
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch = r['baseMVA'], r['bus'], r['gen'], r['branch']
_, bus, gen, branch = ext2int1(bus, gen, branch)
## compute injections and flows
F0 = branch[:, PF]
## create some PTDF matrices
H = makePTDF(baseMVA, bus, branch, 0)
## create some PTDF matrices
try:
LODF = makeLODF(branch, H)
except ZeroDivisionError:
pass
## take out non-essential lines one-by-one and see what happens
ppc['bus'] = bus
ppc['gen'] = gen
branch0 = branch
outages = r_[arange(12), arange(13, 15), arange(16, 18),
[19], arange(26, 33), arange(34, 41)]
for k in outages:
ppc['branch'] = branch0.copy()
ppc['branch'][k, BR_STATUS] = 0
r, _ = rundcpf(ppc, ppopt)
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch = \
r['baseMVA'], r['bus'], r['gen'], r['branch']
F = branch[:, PF]
t_is(LODF[:, k], (F - F0) / F0[k], 6, 'LODF[:, %d]' % k)
t_end()
def open_fn(self):
"""Function for the Open action."""
###########################
# TO DO - Confirmation for opening file if data is unsaved
# - Put open filename in title bar
###########################
fname = QtGui.QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, "Open Case File", "", "Case files (*.py *.mat)")
if fname:
try:
gui_globals.ppc = loadcase(fname)
self.refresh_data()
gui_globals.filename = fname
self.show_status_message("Case File " + fname + " successfully loaded.")
self.log.write("Case File " + fname + " successfully loaded.\n")
except:
self.show_status_message("Failed to open " + fname + ".", error = True, beep = True)
self.log.write("Failed to open " + fname + ".\n")
else:
self.show_status_message("Open Data File cancelled.")
def t_ext2int2ext(quiet=False):
"""Tests C{ext2int} and C{int2ext}.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
@author: Richard Lincoln
"""
t_begin(85, quiet)
##----- ppc = e2i_data/i2e_data(ppc) -----
t = 'ppc = e2i_data(ppc) : '
ppce = loadcase(t_case_ext())
ppci = loadcase(t_case_int())
ppc = e2i_data(ppce)
t_is(ppc['bus'], ppci['bus'], 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc['branch'], ppci['branch'], 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc['gen'], ppci['gen'], 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc['gencost'], ppci['gencost'], 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t_is(ppc['areas'], ppci['areas'], 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(ppc['A'], ppci['A'], 12, [t, 'A'])
t_is(ppc['N'], ppci['N'], 12, [t, 'N'])
t = 'ppc = e2i_data(ppc) - repeat : '
ppc = e2i_data(ppc)
t_is(ppc['bus'], ppci['bus'], 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc['branch'], ppci['branch'], 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc['gen'], ppci['gen'], 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc['gencost'], ppci['gencost'], 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t_is(ppc['areas'], ppci['areas'], 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(ppc['A'], ppci['A'], 12, [t, 'A'])
t_is(ppc['N'], ppci['N'], 12, [t, 'N'])
t = 'ppc = i2e_data(ppc) : '
ppc = i2e_data(ppc)
t_is(ppc['bus'], ppce['bus'], 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc['branch'], ppce['branch'], 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc['gen'], ppce['gen'], 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc['gencost'], ppce['gencost'], 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t_is(ppc['areas'], ppce['areas'], 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(ppc['A'], ppce['A'], 12, [t, 'A'])
t_is(ppc['N'], ppce['N'], 12, [t, 'N'])
##----- val = e2i_data/i2e_data(ppc, val, ...) -----
t = 'val = e2i_data(ppc, val, \'bus\')'
ppc = e2i_data(ppce)
got = e2i_data(ppc, ppce['xbus'], 'bus')
ex = ppce['xbus']
ex = delete(ex, 5, 0)
t_is(got, ex, 12, t)
t = 'val = i2e_data(ppc, val, oldval, \'bus\')'
tmp = ones(ppce['xbus'].shape)
tmp[5, :] = ppce['xbus'][5, :]
got = i2e_data(ppc, ex, tmp, 'bus')
t_is(got, ppce['xbus'], 12, t)
t = 'val = e2i_data(ppc, val, \'bus\', 1)'
got = e2i_data(ppc, ppce['xbus'], 'bus', 1)
ex = ppce['xbus']
ex = delete(ex, 5, 1)
t_is(got, ex, 12, t)
t = 'val = i2e_data(ppc, val, oldval, \'bus\', 1)'
tmp = ones(ppce['xbus'].shape)
tmp[:, 5] = ppce['xbus'][:, 5]
got = i2e_data(ppc, ex, tmp, 'bus', 1)
t_is(got, ppce['xbus'], 12, t)
t = 'val = e2i_data(ppc, val, \'gen\')'
got = e2i_data(ppc, ppce['xgen'], 'gen')
ex = ppce['xgen'][[3, 1, 0], :]
t_is(got, ex, 12, t)
t = 'val = i2e_data(ppc, val, oldval, \'gen\')'
tmp = ones(ppce['xgen'].shape)
tmp[2, :] = ppce['xgen'][2, :]
got = i2e_data(ppc, ex, tmp, 'gen')
t_is(got, ppce['xgen'], 12, t)
t = 'val = e2i_data(ppc, val, \'gen\', 1)'
got = e2i_data(ppc, ppce['xgen'], 'gen', 1)
ex = ppce['xgen'][:, [3, 1, 0]]
t_is(got, ex, 12, t)
t = 'val = i2e_data(ppc, val, oldval, \'gen\', 1)'
tmp = ones(ppce['xgen'].shape)
tmp[:, 2] = ppce['xgen'][:, 2]
got = i2e_data(ppc, ex, tmp, 'gen', 1)
t_is(got, ppce['xgen'], 12, t)
t = 'val = e2i_data(ppc, val, \'branch\')'
got = e2i_data(ppc, ppce['xbranch'], 'branch')
ex = ppce['xbranch']
ex = delete(ex, 6, 0)
t_is(got, ex, 12, t)
t = 'val = i2e_data(ppc, val, oldval, \'branch\')'
tmp = ones(ppce['xbranch'].shape)
tmp[6, :] = ppce['xbranch'][6, :]
got = i2e_data(ppc, ex, tmp, 'branch')
t_is(got, ppce['xbranch'], 12, t)
t = 'val = e2i_data(ppc, val, \'branch\', 1)'
got = e2i_data(ppc, ppce['xbranch'], 'branch', 1)
ex = ppce['xbranch']
ex = delete(ex, 6, 1)
t_is(got, ex, 12, t)
t = 'val = i2e_data(ppc, val, oldval, \'branch\', 1)'
tmp = ones(ppce['xbranch'].shape)
tmp[:, 6] = ppce['xbranch'][:, 6]
got = i2e_data(ppc, ex, tmp, 'branch', 1)
t_is(got, ppce['xbranch'], 12, t)
t = 'val = e2i_data(ppc, val, {\'branch\', \'gen\', \'bus\'})'
got = e2i_data(ppc, ppce['xrows'], ['branch', 'gen', 'bus'])
ex = r_[ppce['xbranch'][list(range(6)) + list(range(7, 10)), :4],
ppce['xgen'][[3, 1, 0], :],
ppce['xbus'][list(range(5)) + list(range(6, 10)), :4],
-1 * ones((2, 4))]
t_is(got, ex, 12, t)
t = 'val = i2e_data(ppc, val, oldval, {\'branch\', \'gen\', \'bus\'})'
tmp1 = ones(ppce['xbranch'][:, :4].shape)
tmp1[6, :4] = ppce['xbranch'][6, :4]
tmp2 = ones(ppce['xgen'].shape)
tmp2[2, :] = ppce['xgen'][2, :]
tmp3 = ones(ppce['xbus'][:, :4].shape)
tmp3[5, :4] = ppce['xbus'][5, :4]
tmp = r_[tmp1, tmp2, tmp3]
got = i2e_data(ppc, ex, tmp, ['branch', 'gen', 'bus'])
t_is(got, ppce['xrows'], 12, t)
t = 'val = e2i_data(ppc, val, {\'branch\', \'gen\', \'bus\'}, 1)'
got = e2i_data(ppc, ppce['xcols'], ['branch', 'gen', 'bus'], 1)
ex = r_[ppce['xbranch'][list(range(6)) + list(range(7, 10)), :4],
ppce['xgen'][[3, 1, 0], :],
ppce['xbus'][list(range(5)) + list(range(6, 10)), :4],
-1 * ones((2, 4))].T
t_is(got, ex, 12, t)
t = 'val = i2e_data(ppc, val, oldval, {\'branch\', \'gen\', \'bus\'}, 1)'
tmp1 = ones(ppce['xbranch'][:, :4].shape)
tmp1[6, :4] = ppce['xbranch'][6, :4]
tmp2 = ones(ppce['xgen'].shape)
tmp2[2, :] = ppce['xgen'][2, :]
tmp3 = ones(ppce['xbus'][:, :4].shape)
tmp3[5, :4] = ppce['xbus'][5, :4]
tmp = r_[tmp1, tmp2, tmp3].T
got = i2e_data(ppc, ex, tmp, ['branch', 'gen', 'bus'], 1)
t_is(got, ppce['xcols'], 12, t)
##----- ppc = e2i_field/i2e_field(ppc, field, ...) -----
t = 'ppc = e2i_field(ppc, field, \'bus\')'
ppc = e2i_field(ppce)
ex = ppce['xbus']
ex = delete(ex, 5, 0)
got = e2i_field(ppc, 'xbus', 'bus')
t_is(got['xbus'], ex, 12, t)
t = 'ppc = i2e_field(ppc, field, \'bus\')'
got = i2e_field(got, 'xbus', ordering='bus')
t_is(got['xbus'], ppce['xbus'], 12, t)
t = 'ppc = e2i_field(ppc, field, \'bus\', 1)'
ex = ppce['xbus']
ex = delete(ex, 5, 1)
got = e2i_field(ppc, 'xbus', 'bus', 1)
t_is(got['xbus'], ex, 12, t)
t = 'ppc = i2e_field(ppc, field, \'bus\', 1)'
got = i2e_field(got, 'xbus', ordering='bus', dim=1)
t_is(got['xbus'], ppce['xbus'], 12, t)
t = 'ppc = e2i_field(ppc, field, \'gen\')'
ex = ppce['xgen'][[3, 1, 0], :]
got = e2i_field(ppc, 'xgen', 'gen')
t_is(got['xgen'], ex, 12, t)
t = 'ppc = i2e_field(ppc, field, \'gen\')'
got = i2e_field(got, 'xgen', ordering='gen')
t_is(got['xgen'], ppce['xgen'], 12, t)
t = 'ppc = e2i_field(ppc, field, \'gen\', 1)'
ex = ppce['xgen'][:, [3, 1, 0]]
got = e2i_field(ppc, 'xgen', 'gen', 1)
t_is(got['xgen'], ex, 12, t)
t = 'ppc = i2e_field(ppc, field, \'gen\', 1)'
got = i2e_field(got, 'xgen', ordering='gen', dim=1)
t_is(got['xgen'], ppce['xgen'], 12, t)
t = 'ppc = e2i_field(ppc, field, \'branch\')'
ex = ppce['xbranch']
ex = delete(ex, 6, 0)
got = e2i_field(ppc, 'xbranch', 'branch')
t_is(got['xbranch'], ex, 12, t)
t = 'ppc = i2e_field(ppc, field, \'branch\')'
got = i2e_field(got, 'xbranch', ordering='branch')
t_is(got['xbranch'], ppce['xbranch'], 12, t)
t = 'ppc = e2i_field(ppc, field, \'branch\', 1)'
ex = ppce['xbranch']
ex = delete(ex, 6, 1)
got = e2i_field(ppc, 'xbranch', 'branch', 1)
t_is(got['xbranch'], ex, 12, t)
t = 'ppc = i2e_field(ppc, field, \'branch\', 1)'
got = i2e_field(got, 'xbranch', ordering='branch', dim=1)
t_is(got['xbranch'], ppce['xbranch'], 12, t)
t = 'ppc = e2i_field(ppc, field, {\'branch\', \'gen\', \'bus\'})'
ex = r_[ppce['xbranch'][list(range(6)) + list(range(7, 10)), :4],
ppce['xgen'][[3, 1, 0], :],
ppce['xbus'][list(range(5)) + list(range(6, 10)), :4],
-1 * ones((2, 4))]
got = e2i_field(ppc, 'xrows', ['branch', 'gen', 'bus'])
t_is(got['xrows'], ex, 12, t)
t = 'ppc = i2e_field(ppc, field, {\'branch\', \'gen\', \'bus\'})'
got = i2e_field(got, 'xrows', ordering=['branch', 'gen', 'bus'])
t_is(got['xrows'], ppce['xrows'], 12, t)
t = 'ppc = e2i_field(ppc, field, {\'branch\', \'gen\', \'bus\'}, 1)'
ex = r_[ppce['xbranch'][list(range(6)) + list(range(7, 10)), :4],
ppce['xgen'][[3, 1, 0], :],
ppce['xbus'][list(range(5)) + list(range(6, 10)), :4],
-1 * ones((2, 4))].T
got = e2i_field(ppc, 'xcols', ['branch', 'gen', 'bus'], 1)
t_is(got['xcols'], ex, 12, t)
t = 'ppc = i2e_field(ppc, field, {\'branch\', \'gen\', \'bus\'})'
got = i2e_field(got, 'xcols', ordering=['branch', 'gen', 'bus'], dim=1)
t_is(got['xcols'], ppce['xcols'], 12, t)
t = 'ppc = e2i_field(ppc, {\'field1\', \'field2\'}, ordering)'
ex = ppce['x']['more'][[3, 1, 0], :]
got = e2i_field(ppc, ['x', 'more'], 'gen')
t_is(got['x']['more'], ex, 12, t)
t = 'ppc = i2e_field(ppc, {\'field1\', \'field2\'}, ordering)'
got = i2e_field(got, ['x', 'more'], ordering='gen')
t_is(got['x']['more'], ppce['x']['more'], 12, t)
t = 'ppc = e2i_field(ppc, {\'field1\', \'field2\'}, ordering, 1)'
ex = ppce['x']['more'][:, [3, 1, 0]]
got = e2i_field(ppc, ['x', 'more'], 'gen', 1)
t_is(got['x']['more'], ex, 12, t)
t = 'ppc = i2e_field(ppc, {\'field1\', \'field2\'}, ordering, 1)'
got = i2e_field(got, ['x', 'more'], ordering='gen', dim=1)
t_is(got['x']['more'], ppce['x']['more'], 12, t)
##----- more ppc = ext2int/int2ext(ppc) -----
t = 'ppc = ext2int(ppc) - bus/gen/branch only : '
ppce = loadcase(t_case_ext())
ppci = loadcase(t_case_int())
del ppce['gencost']
del ppce['areas']
del ppce['A']
del ppce['N']
del ppci['gencost']
del ppci['areas']
del ppci['A']
del ppci['N']
ppc = ext2int(ppce)
t_is(ppc['bus'], ppci['bus'], 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc['branch'], ppci['branch'], 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc['gen'], ppci['gen'], 12, [t, 'gen'])
t = 'ppc = ext2int(ppc) - no areas/A : '
ppce = loadcase(t_case_ext())
ppci = loadcase(t_case_int())
del ppce['areas']
del ppce['A']
del ppci['areas']
del ppci['A']
ppc = ext2int(ppce)
t_is(ppc['bus'], ppci['bus'], 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc['branch'], ppci['branch'], 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc['gen'], ppci['gen'], 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc['gencost'], ppci['gencost'], 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t_is(ppc['N'], ppci['N'], 12, [t, 'N'])
t = 'ppc = ext2int(ppc) - Qg cost, no N : '
ppce = loadcase(t_case_ext())
ppci = loadcase(t_case_int())
del ppce['N']
del ppci['N']
ppce['gencost'] = c_[ppce['gencost'], ppce['gencost']]
ppci['gencost'] = c_[ppci['gencost'], ppci['gencost']]
ppc = ext2int(ppce)
t_is(ppc['bus'], ppci['bus'], 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc['branch'], ppci['branch'], 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc['gen'], ppci['gen'], 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc['gencost'], ppci['gencost'], 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t_is(ppc['areas'], ppci['areas'], 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(ppc['A'], ppci['A'], 12, [t, 'A'])
t = 'ppc = ext2int(ppc) - A, N are DC sized : '
ppce = loadcase(t_case_ext())
ppci = loadcase(t_case_int())
eVmQgcols = list(range(10, 20)) + list(range(24, 28))
iVmQgcols = list(range(9, 18)) + list(range(21, 24))
ppce['A'] = delete(ppce['A'], eVmQgcols, 1)
ppce['N'] = delete(ppce['N'], eVmQgcols, 1)
ppci['A'] = delete(ppci['A'], iVmQgcols, 1)
ppci['N'] = delete(ppci['N'], iVmQgcols, 1)
ppc = ext2int(ppce)
t_is(ppc['bus'], ppci['bus'], 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc['branch'], ppci['branch'], 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc['gen'], ppci['gen'], 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc['gencost'], ppci['gencost'], 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t_is(ppc['areas'], ppci['areas'], 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(ppc['A'], ppci['A'], 12, [t, 'A'])
t_is(ppc['N'], ppci['N'], 12, [t, 'N'])
t = 'ppc = int2ext(ppc) - A, N are DC sized : '
ppc = int2ext(ppc)
t_is(ppc['bus'], ppce['bus'], 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc['branch'], ppce['branch'], 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc['gen'], ppce['gen'], 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc['gencost'], ppce['gencost'], 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t_is(ppc['areas'], ppce['areas'], 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(ppc['A'], ppce['A'], 12, [t, 'A'])
t_is(ppc['N'], ppce['N'], 12, [t, 'N'])
t_end()
def t_opf_ipopt(quiet=False):
"""Tests for IPOPT-based AC optimal power flow.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
@author: Richard Lincoln
"""
num_tests = 101
t_begin(num_tests, quiet)
tdir = dirname(__file__)
casefile = join(tdir, 't_case9_opf')
verbose = 0#not quiet
t0 = 'IPOPT : '
ppopt = ppoption(OPF_VIOLATION=1e-6, PDIPM_GRADTOL=1e-8,
PDIPM_COMPTOL=1e-8, PDIPM_COSTTOL=1e-9)
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, OUT_ALL=0, VERBOSE=verbose, OPF_ALG=580)
## set up indices
ib_data = r_[arange(BUS_AREA + 1), arange(BASE_KV, VMIN + 1)]
ib_voltage = arange(VM, VA + 1)
ib_lam = arange(LAM_P, LAM_Q + 1)
ib_mu = arange(MU_VMAX, MU_VMIN + 1)
ig_data = r_[[GEN_BUS, QMAX, QMIN], arange(MBASE, APF + 1)]
ig_disp = array([PG, QG, VG])
ig_mu = arange(MU_PMAX, MU_QMIN + 1)
ibr_data = arange(ANGMAX + 1)
ibr_flow = arange(PF, QT + 1)
ibr_mu = array([MU_SF, MU_ST])
ibr_angmu = array([MU_ANGMIN, MU_ANGMAX])
## get solved AC power flow case from MAT-file
soln9_opf = loadmat(join(tdir, 'soln9_opf.mat'), struct_as_record=True)
## defines bus_soln, gen_soln, branch_soln, f_soln
bus_soln = soln9_opf['bus_soln']
gen_soln = soln9_opf['gen_soln']
branch_soln = soln9_opf['branch_soln']
f_soln = soln9_opf['f_soln'][0]
## run OPF
t = t0
r = runopf(casefile, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch, f, success = \
r['bus'], r['gen'], r['branch'], r['f'], r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(f, f_soln, 3, [t, 'f'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_data ], bus_soln[:, ib_data ], 10, [t, 'bus data'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_voltage], bus_soln[:, ib_voltage], 3, [t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_lam ], bus_soln[:, ib_lam ], 3, [t, 'bus lambda'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_mu ], bus_soln[:, ib_mu ], 2, [t, 'bus mu'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_data ], gen_soln[:, ig_data ], 10, [t, 'gen data'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_disp ], gen_soln[:, ig_disp ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_mu ], gen_soln[:, ig_mu ], 3, [t, 'gen mu'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_data ], branch_soln[:, ibr_data ], 10, [t, 'branch data'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_flow ], branch_soln[:, ibr_flow ], 3, [t, 'branch flow'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_mu ], branch_soln[:, ibr_mu ], 2, [t, 'branch mu'])
## run with automatic conversion of single-block pwl to linear costs
t = ''.join([t0, '(single-block PWL) : '])
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
ppc['gencost'][2, NCOST] = 2
r = runopf(ppc, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch, f, success = \
r['bus'], r['gen'], r['branch'], r['f'], r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(f, f_soln, 3, [t, 'f'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_data ], bus_soln[:, ib_data ], 10, [t, 'bus data'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_voltage], bus_soln[:, ib_voltage], 3, [t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_lam ], bus_soln[:, ib_lam ], 3, [t, 'bus lambda'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_mu ], bus_soln[:, ib_mu ], 2, [t, 'bus mu'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_data ], gen_soln[:, ig_data ], 10, [t, 'gen data'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_disp ], gen_soln[:, ig_disp ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_mu ], gen_soln[:, ig_mu ], 3, [t, 'gen mu'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_data ], branch_soln[:, ibr_data ], 10, [t, 'branch data'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_flow ], branch_soln[:, ibr_flow ], 3, [t, 'branch flow'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_mu ], branch_soln[:, ibr_mu ], 2, [t, 'branch mu'])
xr = r_[r['var']['val']['Va'], r['var']['val']['Vm'], r['var']['val']['Pg'],
r['var']['val']['Qg'], 0, r['var']['val']['y']]
t_is(r['x'], xr, 8, [t, 'check on raw x returned from OPF'])
## get solved AC power flow case from MAT-file
soln9_opf_Plim = loadmat(join(tdir, 'soln9_opf_Plim.mat'), struct_as_record=True)
## defines bus_soln, gen_soln, branch_soln, f_soln
bus_soln = soln9_opf_Plim['bus_soln']
gen_soln = soln9_opf_Plim['gen_soln']
branch_soln = soln9_opf_Plim['branch_soln']
f_soln = soln9_opf_Plim['f_soln'][0]
## run OPF with active power line limits
t = ''.join([t0, '(P line lim) : '])
ppopt1 = ppoption(ppopt, OPF_FLOW_LIM=1)
r = runopf(casefile, ppopt1)
bus, gen, branch, f, success = \
r['bus'], r['gen'], r['branch'], r['f'], r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(f, f_soln, 3, [t, 'f'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_data ], bus_soln[:, ib_data ], 10, [t, 'bus data'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_voltage], bus_soln[:, ib_voltage], 3, [t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_lam ], bus_soln[:, ib_lam ], 3, [t, 'bus lambda'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_mu ], bus_soln[:, ib_mu ], 2, [t, 'bus mu'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_data ], gen_soln[:, ig_data ], 10, [t, 'gen data'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_disp ], gen_soln[:, ig_disp ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_mu ], gen_soln[:, ig_mu ], 3, [t, 'gen mu'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_data ], branch_soln[:, ibr_data ], 10, [t, 'branch data'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_flow ], branch_soln[:, ibr_flow ], 3, [t, 'branch flow'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_mu ], branch_soln[:, ibr_mu ], 2, [t, 'branch mu'])
##----- test OPF with quadratic gen costs moved to generalized costs -----
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
ppc['gencost'] = array([
[2, 1500, 0, 3, 0.11, 5, 0],
[2, 2000, 0, 3, 0.085, 1.2, 0],
[2, 3000, 0, 3, 0.1225, 1, 0]
])
r = runopf(ppc, ppopt)
bus_soln, gen_soln, branch_soln, f_soln, success = \
r['bus'], r['gen'], r['branch'], r['f'], r['success']
branch_soln = branch_soln[:, :MU_ST + 1]
A = None
l = array([])
u = array([])
nb = ppc['bus'].shape[0] # number of buses
ng = ppc['gen'].shape[0] # number of gens
thbas = 0; thend = thbas + nb
vbas = thend; vend = vbas + nb
pgbas = vend; pgend = pgbas + ng
# qgbas = pgend; qgend = qgbas + ng
nxyz = 2 * nb + 2 * ng
N = sparse((ppc['baseMVA'] * ones(ng), (arange(ng), arange(pgbas, pgend))), (ng, nxyz))
fparm = ones((ng, 1)) * array([[1, 0, 0, 1]])
ix = argsort(ppc['gen'][:, 0])
H = 2 * spdiags(ppc['gencost'][ix, 4], 0, ng, ng, 'csr')
Cw = ppc['gencost'][ix, 5]
ppc['gencost'][:, 4:7] = 0
## run OPF with quadratic gen costs moved to generalized costs
t = ''.join([t0, 'w/quadratic generalized gen cost : '])
r = opf(ppc, A, l, u, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw)
f, bus, gen, branch, success = \
r['f'], r['bus'], r['gen'], r['branch'], r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(f, f_soln, 3, [t, 'f'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_data ], bus_soln[:, ib_data ], 10, [t, 'bus data'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_voltage], bus_soln[:, ib_voltage], 3, [t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_lam ], bus_soln[:, ib_lam ], 3, [t, 'bus lambda'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_mu ], bus_soln[:, ib_mu ], 2, [t, 'bus mu'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_data ], gen_soln[:, ig_data ], 10, [t, 'gen data'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_disp ], gen_soln[:, ig_disp ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_mu ], gen_soln[:, ig_mu ], 3, [t, 'gen mu'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_data ], branch_soln[:, ibr_data ], 10, [t, 'branch data'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_flow ], branch_soln[:, ibr_flow ], 3, [t, 'branch flow'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_mu ], branch_soln[:, ibr_mu ], 2, [t, 'branch mu'])
t_is(r['cost']['usr'], f, 12, [t, 'user cost'])
##----- run OPF with extra linear user constraints & costs -----
## single new z variable constrained to be greater than or equal to
## deviation from 1 pu voltage at bus 1, linear cost on this z
## get solved AC power flow case from MAT-file
soln9_opf_extras1 = loadmat(join(tdir, 'soln9_opf_extras1.mat'), struct_as_record=True)
## defines bus_soln, gen_soln, branch_soln, f_soln
bus_soln = soln9_opf_extras1['bus_soln']
gen_soln = soln9_opf_extras1['gen_soln']
branch_soln = soln9_opf_extras1['branch_soln']
f_soln = soln9_opf_extras1['f_soln'][0]
row = [0, 0, 1, 1]
col = [9, 24, 9, 24]
A = sparse(([-1, 1, 1, 1], (row, col)), (2, 25))
u = array([Inf, Inf])
l = array([-1, 1])
N = sparse(([1], ([0], [24])), (1, 25)) ## new z variable only
fparm = array([[1, 0, 0, 1]]) ## w = r = z
H = sparse((1, 1)) ## no quadratic term
Cw = array([100.0])
t = ''.join([t0, 'w/extra constraints & costs 1 : '])
r = opf(casefile, A, l, u, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw)
f, bus, gen, branch, success = \
r['f'], r['bus'], r['gen'], r['branch'], r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(f, f_soln, 3, [t, 'f'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_data ], bus_soln[:, ib_data ], 10, [t, 'bus data'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_voltage], bus_soln[:, ib_voltage], 3, [t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_lam ], bus_soln[:, ib_lam ], 3, [t, 'bus lambda'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_mu ], bus_soln[:, ib_mu ], 2, [t, 'bus mu'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_data ], gen_soln[:, ig_data ], 10, [t, 'gen data'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_disp ], gen_soln[:, ig_disp ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_mu ], gen_soln[:, ig_mu ], 3, [t, 'gen mu'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_data ], branch_soln[:, ibr_data ], 10, [t, 'branch data'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_flow ], branch_soln[:, ibr_flow ], 3, [t, 'branch flow'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_mu ], branch_soln[:, ibr_mu ], 2, [t, 'branch mu'])
t_is(r['var']['val']['z'], 0.025419, 6, [t, 'user variable'])
t_is(r['cost']['usr'], 2.5419, 4, [t, 'user cost'])
##----- test OPF with capability curves -----
ppc = loadcase(join(tdir, 't_case9_opfv2'))
## remove angle diff limits
ppc['branch'][0, ANGMAX] = 360
ppc['branch'][8, ANGMIN] = -360
## get solved AC power flow case from MAT-file
soln9_opf_PQcap = loadmat(join(tdir, 'soln9_opf_PQcap.mat'), struct_as_record=True)
## defines bus_soln, gen_soln, branch_soln, f_soln
bus_soln = soln9_opf_PQcap['bus_soln']
gen_soln = soln9_opf_PQcap['gen_soln']
branch_soln = soln9_opf_PQcap['branch_soln']
f_soln = soln9_opf_PQcap['f_soln'][0]
## run OPF with capability curves
t = ''.join([t0, 'w/capability curves : '])
r = runopf(ppc, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch, f, success = \
r['bus'], r['gen'], r['branch'], r['f'], r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(f, f_soln, 3, [t, 'f'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_data ], bus_soln[:, ib_data ], 10, [t, 'bus data'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_voltage], bus_soln[:, ib_voltage], 3, [t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_lam ], bus_soln[:, ib_lam ], 3, [t, 'bus lambda'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_mu ], bus_soln[:, ib_mu ], 2, [t, 'bus mu'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_data ], gen_soln[:, ig_data ], 10, [t, 'gen data'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_disp ], gen_soln[:, ig_disp ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_mu ], gen_soln[:, ig_mu ], 3, [t, 'gen mu'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_data ], branch_soln[:, ibr_data ], 10, [t, 'branch data'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_flow ], branch_soln[:, ibr_flow ], 3, [t, 'branch flow'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_mu ], branch_soln[:, ibr_mu ], 2, [t, 'branch mu'])
##----- test OPF with angle difference limits -----
ppc = loadcase(join(tdir, 't_case9_opfv2'))
## remove capability curves
ppc['gen'][ix_(arange(1, 3),
[PC1, PC2, QC1MIN, QC1MAX, QC2MIN, QC2MAX])] = zeros((2, 6))
## get solved AC power flow case from MAT-file
soln9_opf_ang = loadmat(join(tdir, 'soln9_opf_ang.mat'), struct_as_record=True)
## defines bus_soln, gen_soln, branch_soln, f_soln
bus_soln = soln9_opf_ang['bus_soln']
gen_soln = soln9_opf_ang['gen_soln']
branch_soln = soln9_opf_ang['branch_soln']
f_soln = soln9_opf_ang['f_soln'][0]
## run OPF with angle difference limits
t = ''.join([t0, 'w/angle difference limits : '])
r = runopf(ppc, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch, f, success = \
r['bus'], r['gen'], r['branch'], r['f'], r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(f, f_soln, 3, [t, 'f'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_data ], bus_soln[:, ib_data ], 10, [t, 'bus data'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_voltage], bus_soln[:, ib_voltage], 3, [t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_lam ], bus_soln[:, ib_lam ], 3, [t, 'bus lambda'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_mu ], bus_soln[:, ib_mu ], 1, [t, 'bus mu'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_data ], gen_soln[:, ig_data ], 10, [t, 'gen data'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_disp ], gen_soln[:, ig_disp ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_mu ], gen_soln[:, ig_mu ], 3, [t, 'gen mu'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_data ], branch_soln[:, ibr_data ], 10, [t, 'branch data'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_flow ], branch_soln[:, ibr_flow ], 3, [t, 'branch flow'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_mu ], branch_soln[:, ibr_mu ], 2, [t, 'branch mu'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_angmu ], branch_soln[:, ibr_angmu ], 2, [t, 'branch angle mu'])
##----- test OPF with ignored angle difference limits -----
## get solved AC power flow case from MAT-file
soln9_opf = loadmat(join(tdir, 'soln9_opf.mat'), struct_as_record=True)
## defines bus_soln, gen_soln, branch_soln, f_soln
bus_soln = soln9_opf['bus_soln']
gen_soln = soln9_opf['gen_soln']
branch_soln = soln9_opf['branch_soln']
f_soln = soln9_opf['f_soln'][0]
## run OPF with ignored angle difference limits
t = ''.join([t0, 'w/ignored angle difference limits : '])
ppopt1 = ppoption(ppopt, OPF_IGNORE_ANG_LIM=1)
r = runopf(ppc, ppopt1)
bus, gen, branch, f, success = \
r['bus'], r['gen'], r['branch'], r['f'], r['success']
## ang limits are not in this solution data, so let's remove them
branch[0, ANGMAX] = 360
branch[8, ANGMIN] = -360
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(f, f_soln, 3, [t, 'f'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_data ], bus_soln[:, ib_data ], 10, [t, 'bus data'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_voltage], bus_soln[:, ib_voltage], 3, [t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_lam ], bus_soln[:, ib_lam ], 3, [t, 'bus lambda'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_mu ], bus_soln[:, ib_mu ], 2, [t, 'bus mu'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_data ], gen_soln[:, ig_data ], 10, [t, 'gen data'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_disp ], gen_soln[:, ig_disp ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_mu ], gen_soln[:, ig_mu ], 3, [t, 'gen mu'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_data ], branch_soln[:, ibr_data ], 10, [t, 'branch data'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_flow ], branch_soln[:, ibr_flow ], 3, [t, 'branch flow'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_mu ], branch_soln[:, ibr_mu ], 2, [t, 'branch mu'])
t_end()
def runcpf(basecasedata=None,
targetcasedata=None,
ppopt=None,
fname='',
solvedcase=''):
# default arguments
if basecasedata is None:
basecasedata = join(dirname(__file__), 'case9')
if targetcasedata is None:
targetcasedata = join(dirname(__file__), 'case9target')
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt)
# options
verbose = ppopt["VERBOSE"]
step = ppopt["CPF_STEP"]
parameterization = ppopt["CPF_PARAMETERIZATION"]
adapt_step = ppopt["CPF_ADAPT_STEP"]
cb_args = ppopt["CPF_USER_CALLBACK_ARGS"]
# set up callbacks
callback_names = ["cpf_default_callback"]
if len(ppopt["CPF_USER_CALLBACK"]) > 0:
if isinstance(ppopt["CPF_USER_CALLBACK"], list):
callback_names = r_[callback_names, ppopt["CPF_USER_CALLBACK"]]
else:
callback_names.append(ppopt["CPF_USER_CALLBACK"])
callbacks = []
for callback_name in callback_names:
callbacks.append(getattr(cpf_callbacks, callback_name))
# read base case data
ppcbase = loadcase(basecasedata)
nb = ppcbase["bus"].shape[0]
# add zero columns to branch for flows if needed
if ppcbase["branch"].shape[1] < QT:
ppcbase["branch"] = c_[ppcbase["branch"],
zeros((ppcbase["branch"].shape[0],
QT - ppcbase["branch"].shape[1] + 1))]
# convert to internal indexing
ppcbase = ext2int(ppcbase)
baseMVAb, busb, genb, branchb = \
ppcbase["baseMVA"], ppcbase["bus"], ppcbase["gen"], ppcbase["branch"]
# get bus index lists of each type of bus
ref, pv, pq = bustypes(busb, genb)
# generator info
onb = find(genb[:, GEN_STATUS] > 0) # which generators are on?
gbusb = genb[onb, GEN_BUS].astype(int) # what buses are they at?
# read target case data
ppctarget = loadcase(targetcasedata)
# add zero columns to branch for flows if needed
if ppctarget["branch"].shape[1] < QT:
ppctarget["branch"] = c_[ppctarget["branch"],
zeros(
(ppctarget["branch"].shape[0],
QT - ppctarget["branch"].shape[1] + 1))]
# convert to internal indexing
ppctarget = ext2int(ppctarget)
baseMVAt, bust, gent, brancht = \
ppctarget["baseMVA"], ppctarget["bus"], ppctarget["gen"], ppctarget["branch"]
# get bus index lists of each type of bus
# ref, pv, pq = bustypes(bust, gent)
# generator info
ont = find(gent[:, GEN_STATUS] > 0) # which generators are on?
gbust = gent[ont, GEN_BUS].astype(int) # what buses are they at?
# ----- run the power flow -----
t0 = time()
if verbose > 0:
v = ppver('all')
stdout.write('PYPOWER Version %s, %s' % (v["Version"], v["Date"]))
stdout.write(' -- AC Continuation Power Flow\n')
# initial state
# V0 = ones(bus.shape[0]) ## flat start
V0 = busb[:, VM] * exp(1j * pi / 180 * busb[:, VA])
vcb = ones(V0.shape) # create mask of voltage-controlled buses
vcb[pq] = 0 # exclude PQ buses
k = find(vcb[gbusb]) # in-service gens at v-c buses
V0[gbusb[k]] = genb[onb[k], VG] / abs(V0[gbusb[k]]) * V0[gbusb[k]]
# build admittance matrices
Ybus, Yf, Yt = makeYbus(baseMVAb, busb, branchb)
# compute base case complex bus power injections (generation - load)
Sbusb = makeSbus(baseMVAb, busb, genb)
# compute target case complex bus power injections (generation - load)
Sbust = makeSbus(baseMVAt, bust, gent)
# scheduled transfer
Sxfr = Sbust - Sbusb
# Run the base case power flow solution
if verbose > 2:
ppopt_pf = ppoption(ppopt, VERBOSE=max(0, verbose - 1))
else:
ppopt_pf = ppoption(ppopt, VERBOSE=max(0, verbose - 2))
lam = 0
V, success, iterations = newtonpf(Ybus, Sbusb, V0, ref, pv, pq, ppopt_pf)
if verbose > 2:
print('step %3d : lambda = %6.3f\n' % (0, 0))
elif verbose > 1:
print('step %3d : lambda = %6.3f, %2d Newton steps\n',
(0, 0, iterations))
lamprv = lam # lam at previous step
Vprv = V # V at previous step
continuation = 1
cont_steps = 0
# input args for callbacks
cb_data = {
"ppc_base": ppcbase,
"ppc_target": ppctarget,
"Sxfr": Sxfr,
"Ybus": Ybus,
"Yf": Yf,
"Yt": Yt,
"ref": ref,
"pv": pv,
"pq": pq,
"ppopt": ppopt
}
cb_state = {}
# invoke callbacks
for k in range(len(callbacks)):
cb_state, _ = callbacks[k](cont_steps, V, lam, V, lam, cb_data,
cb_state, cb_args)
if linalg.norm(Sxfr) == 0:
if verbose:
print(
'base case and target case have identical load and generation\n'
)
continuation = 0
V0 = V
lam0 = lam
# tangent predictor z = [dx;dlam]
z = zeros(2 * len(V) + 1)
z[-1] = 1.0
while continuation:
cont_steps = cont_steps + 1
# prediction for next step
V0, lam0, z = cpf_predictor(V, lam, Ybus, Sxfr, pv, pq, step, z, Vprv,
lamprv, parameterization)
# save previous voltage, lambda before updating
Vprv = V
lamprv = lam
# correction
V, success, i, lam = cpf_corrector(Ybus, Sbusb, V0, ref, pv, pq, lam0,
Sxfr, Vprv, lamprv, z, step,
parameterization, ppopt_pf)
if not success:
continuation = 0
if verbose:
print(
'step %3d : lambda = %6.3f, corrector did not converge in %d iterations\n'
% (cont_steps, lam, i))
break
if verbose > 2:
print('step %3d : lambda = %6.3f\n' % (cont_steps, lam))
elif verbose > 1:
print('step %3d : lambda = %6.3f, %2d corrector Newton steps\n' %
(cont_steps, lam, i))
# invoke callbacks
for k in range(len(callbacks)):
cb_state, _ = callbacks[k](cont_steps, V, lam, V0, lam0, cb_data,
cb_state, cb_args)
if isinstance(ppopt["CPF_STOP_AT"], str):
if ppopt["CPF_STOP_AT"].upper() == "FULL":
if abs(lam) < 1e-8: # traced the full continuation curve
if verbose:
print(
'\nTraced full continuation curve in %d continuation steps\n'
% cont_steps)
continuation = 0
elif lam < lamprv and lam - step < 0: # next step will overshoot
step = lam # modify step-size
parameterization = 1 # change to natural parameterization
adapt_step = False # disable step-adaptivity
else: # == 'NOSE'
if lam < lamprv: # reached the nose point
if verbose:
print(
'\nReached steady state loading limit in %d continuation steps\n'
% cont_steps)
continuation = 0
else:
if lam < lamprv:
if verbose:
print(
'\nReached steady state loading limit in %d continuation steps\n'
% cont_steps)
continuation = 0
elif abs(ppopt["CPF_STOP_AT"] -
lam) < 1e-8: # reached desired lambda
if verbose:
print(
'\nReached desired lambda %3.2f in %d continuation steps\n'
% (ppopt["CPF_STOP_AT"], cont_steps))
continuation = 0
# will reach desired lambda in next step
elif lam + step > ppopt["CPF_STOP_AT"]:
step = ppopt["CPF_STOP_AT"] - lam # modify step-size
parameterization = 1 # change to natural parameterization
adapt_step = False # disable step-adaptivity
if adapt_step and continuation:
pvpq = r_[pv, pq]
# Adapt stepsize
cpf_error = linalg.norm(
r_[angle(V[pq]), abs(V[pvpq]), lam] -
r_[angle(V0[pq]), abs(V0[pvpq]), lam0], inf)
if cpf_error < ppopt["CPF_ERROR_TOL"]:
# Increase stepsize
step = step * ppopt["CPF_ERROR_TOL"] / cpf_error
if step > ppopt["CPF_STEP_MAX"]:
step = ppopt["CPF_STEP_MAX"]
else:
# decrese stepsize
step = step * ppopt["CPF_ERROR_TOL"] / cpf_error
if step < ppopt["CPF_STEP_MIN"]:
step = ppopt["CPF_STEP_MIN"]
# invoke callbacks
if success:
cpf_results = {}
for k in range(len(callbacks)):
cb_state, cpf_results = callbacks[k](cont_steps,
V,
lam,
V0,
lam0,
cb_data,
cb_state,
cb_args,
results=cpf_results,
is_final=True)
else:
cpf_results["iterations"] = i
# update bus and gen matrices to reflect the loading and generation
# at the noise point
bust[:, PD] = busb[:, PD] + lam * (bust[:, PD] - busb[:, PD])
bust[:, QD] = busb[:, QD] + lam * (bust[:, QD] - busb[:, QD])
gent[:, PG] = genb[:, PG] + lam * (gent[:, PG] - genb[:, PG])
# update data matrices with solution
bust, gent, brancht = pfsoln(baseMVAt, bust, gent, brancht, Ybus, Yf, Yt,
V, ref, pv, pq)
ppctarget["et"] = time() - t0
ppctarget["success"] = success
# ----- output results -----
# convert back to original bus numbering & print results
ppctarget["bus"], ppctarget["gen"], ppctarget[
"branch"] = bust, gent, brancht
if success:
n = cpf_results["iterations"] + 1
cpf_results["V_p"] = i2e_data(ppctarget, cpf_results["V_p"],
full((nb, n), nan), "bus", 0)
cpf_results["V_c"] = i2e_data(ppctarget, cpf_results["V_c"],
full((nb, n), nan), "bus", 0)
results = int2ext(ppctarget)
results["cpf"] = cpf_results
# zero out result fields of out-of-service gens & branches
if len(results["order"]["gen"]["status"]["off"]) > 0:
results["gen"][ix_(results["order"]["gen"]["status"]["off"],
[PG, QG])] = 0
if len(results["order"]["branch"]["status"]["off"]) > 0:
results["branch"][ix_(results["order"]["branch"]["status"]["off"],
[PF, QF, PT, QT])] = 0
if fname:
fd = None
try:
fd = open(fname, "a")
except Exception as detail:
stderr.write("Error opening %s: %s.\n" % (fname, detail))
finally:
if fd is not None:
printpf(results, fd, ppopt)
fd.close()
else:
printpf(results, stdout, ppopt)
# save solved case
if solvedcase:
savecase(solvedcase, results)
return results, success
def FlujosAC(self, Sbase, t_index):
for PVAC in self.PVAC:
# Actualizar matriz de generación con valores interpolados
self.genMatrix[PVAC.indice - 1,
1] = PVAC.P[t_index] / (Sbase * 1000000)
self.genMatrix[PVAC.indice - 1,
2] = PVAC.Q[t_index] / (Sbase * 1000000)
self.busMatrix = numpy.array([])
self.branchMatrix = numpy.array([])
for bus in self.Terminales:
bus.actualizar(t_index, Sbase)
self.busMatrix = numpy.concatenate((self.busMatrix, [
bus.ID, bus.Tipo, bus.P, bus.Q, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, bus.Vnom, 1,
1.1, 0.9
]), 0)
i = 0
for branch in self.Branch:
self.branchMatrix = numpy.concatenate((self.branchMatrix, [
branch.Term1.ID, branch.Term2.ID, branch.R, branch.X, branch.Y,
branch.Snom, branch.Snom, branch.Snom, branch.Turns, 0, 1,
-360, 360
]), 0)
branch.branchindex = i
i = i + 1
# Crear caso para cargalo usando PYPOWER y correr flujos AC
RedACdict = dict()
RedACdict['baseMVA'] = Sbase
RedACdict['bus'] = self.busMatrix.reshape((len(self.Terminales), 13))
RedACdict['branch'] = self.branchMatrix.reshape((len(self.Branch), 13))
RedACdict['gen'] = self.genMatrix.reshape((len(self.PVAC) + 1, 21))
# Cargar caso de pypower con matrices actualizadas
caseRedAC = loadcase.loadcase(RedACdict)
# Correr flujo de potencia con PYPOWER
self.ACresults = runpf.runpf(caseRedAC)
fecha = datetime.strftime(self.fechas[t_index], '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
# Guardar resultados de flujos para terminales
for bus in self.Terminales:
# Recuperar índice de bus en matriz de buses de pypower con resultados
busindex = numpy.where(
self.ACresults[0]['bus'][:, 0] == bus.ID)[0].item()
# Guardar resultados respectivos
bus.Results[fecha] = {
'V': self.ACresults[0]['bus'][busindex, 7].item(),
'delta': self.ACresults[0]['bus'][busindex, 8].item(),
'P': self.ACresults[0]['bus'][busindex, 2].item(),
'Q': self.ACresults[0]['bus'][busindex, 3].item()
}
# Guardar resultados de flujos para líneas y trafos
for branch in self.Branch:
# Recuperar potencias de entrada y salida de la rama
Pf = self.ACresults[0]['branch'][branch.branchindex, 13].item()
Qf = self.ACresults[0]['branch'][branch.branchindex, 14].item()
Pt = self.ACresults[0]['branch'][branch.branchindex, 15].item()
Qt = self.ACresults[0]['branch'][branch.branchindex, 16].item()
# Calcular pérdidas y cargabilidad de cada rama
Ploss = math.fabs(Pf - Pt)
Qloss = math.fabs(Qf - Qt)
Loading = math.sqrt(math.pow(Pf, 2) +
math.pow(Qf, 2)) * 100 / branch.Snom
# Guardar resultados respectivos
branch.Results[fecha] = {
'Pf': Pf,
'Qf': Qf,
'Ploss': Ploss,
'Qloss': Qloss,
'Loading': Loading
}
self.CDC.Results[fecha] = {
'P': self.ACresults[0]['gen'][0, 1].item(),
'Q': self.ACresults[0]['gen'][0, 2].item()
}
from pypower.loadcase import loadcase
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
if __name__ == '__main__':
#########
# SETUP #
#########
print('----------------------------')
print('PYPOWER-Dynamics - SMIB Test')
print('----------------------------')
# Load PYPOWER case
ppc = loadcase('smib_case.py')
# Program options
dynopt = {}
dynopt['h'] = 0.01 # step length (s)
dynopt['t_sim'] = 15 # simulation time (s)
dynopt[
'max_err'] = 0.0001 # Maximum error in network iteration (voltage mismatches)
dynopt['max_iter'] = 25 # Maximum number of network iterations
dynopt['verbose'] = False # option for verbose messages
dynopt['fn'] = 50 # Nominal system frequency (Hz)
# Integrator option
#dynopt['iopt'] = 'mod_euler'
dynopt['iopt'] = 'runge_kutta'
def t_total_load(quiet=False):
"""Tests for code in C{total_load}.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
@author: Richard Lincoln
"""
n_tests = 48
t_begin(n_tests, quiet)
ppc = loadcase(join(dirname(__file__), 't_auction_case'))
ppc['gen'][7, GEN_BUS] = 2 ## multiple d. loads per area, same bus as gen
ppc['gen'][7, [QG, QMIN, QMAX]] = array([3, 0, 3])
## put it load before gen in matrix
ppc['gen'] = vstack([ppc['gen'][7, :], ppc['gen'][:7, :], ppc['gen'][8, :]])
ld = find(isload(ppc['gen']))
a = [None] * 3
lda = [None] * 3
for k in range(3):
a[k] = find(ppc['bus'][:, BUS_AREA] == k + 1) ## buses in area k
tmp = find( in1d(ppc['gen'][ld, GEN_BUS] - 1, a[k]) )
lda[k] = ld[tmp] ## disp loads in area k
area = [None] * 3
for k in range(3):
area[k] = {'fixed': {}, 'disp': {}, 'both': {}}
area[k]['fixed']['p'] = sum(ppc['bus'][a[k], PD])
area[k]['fixed']['q'] = sum(ppc['bus'][a[k], QD])
area[k]['disp']['p'] = -sum(ppc['gen'][lda[k], PMIN])
area[k]['disp']['qmin'] = -sum(ppc['gen'][lda[k], QMIN])
area[k]['disp']['qmax'] = -sum(ppc['gen'][lda[k], QMAX])
area[k]['disp']['q'] = area[k]['disp']['qmin'] + area[k]['disp']['qmax']
area[k]['both']['p'] = area[k]['fixed']['p'] + area[k]['disp']['p']
area[k]['both']['q'] = area[k]['fixed']['q'] + area[k]['disp']['q']
total = {'fixed': {}, 'disp': {}, 'both': {}}
total['fixed']['p'] = sum(ppc['bus'][:, PD])
total['fixed']['q'] = sum(ppc['bus'][:, QD])
total['disp']['p'] = -sum(ppc['gen'][ld, PMIN])
total['disp']['qmin'] = -sum(ppc['gen'][ld, QMIN])
total['disp']['qmax'] = -sum(ppc['gen'][ld, QMAX])
total['disp']['q'] = total['disp']['qmin'] + total['disp']['qmax']
total['both']['p'] = total['fixed']['p'] + total['disp']['p']
total['both']['q'] = total['fixed']['q'] + total['disp']['q']
##----- all load -----
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus) : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'])
t_is(Pd, [area[0]['fixed']['p'], area[1]['fixed']['p'], area[2]['fixed']['p']], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus) : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'])
t_is(Pd, [area[0]['fixed']['p'], area[1]['fixed']['p'], area[2]['fixed']['p']], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, [area[0]['fixed']['q'], area[1]['fixed']['q'], area[2]['fixed']['q']], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen) : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'])
t_is(Pd, [area[0]['both']['p'], area[1]['both']['p'], area[2]['both']['p']], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen) : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'])
t_is(Pd, [area[0]['both']['p'], area[1]['both']['p'], area[2]['both']['p']], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, [area[0]['both']['q'], area[1]['both']['q'], area[2]['both']['q']], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, None, \'all\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], None, 'all')
t_is(Pd, total['fixed']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, None, \'all\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], None, 'all')
t_is(Pd, total['fixed']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, total['fixed']['q'], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen, \'all\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], 'all')
t_is(Pd, total['both']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen, \'all\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], 'all')
t_is(Pd, total['both']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, total['both']['q'], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen, \'all\', \'BOTH\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], 'all', 'BOTH')
t_is(Pd, total['both']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen, \'all\', \'BOTH\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], 'all', 'BOTH')
t_is(Pd, total['both']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, total['both']['q'], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen, \'all\', \'FIXED\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], 'all', 'FIXED')
t_is(Pd, total['fixed']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen, \'all\', \'FIXED\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], 'all', 'FIXED')
t_is(Pd, total['fixed']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, total['fixed']['q'], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen, \'all\', \'DISPATCHABLE\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], 'all', 'DISPATCHABLE')
t_is(Pd, total['disp']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen, \'all\', \'DISPATCHABLE\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], 'all', 'DISPATCHABLE')
t_is(Pd, total['disp']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, total['disp']['q'], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen, None, \'BOTH\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, 'BOTH')
t_is(Pd, r_[area[0]['both']['p'], area[1]['both']['p'], area[2]['both']['p']], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen, None, \'BOTH\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, 'BOTH')
t_is(Pd, [area[0]['both']['p'], area[1]['both']['p'], area[2]['both']['p']], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, [area[0]['both']['q'], area[1]['both']['q'], area[2]['both']['q']], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen, None, \'FIXED\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, 'FIXED')
t_is(Pd, [area[0]['fixed']['p'], area[1]['fixed']['p'], area[2]['fixed']['p']], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen, None, \'FIXED\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, 'FIXED')
t_is(Pd, [area[0]['fixed']['p'], area[1]['fixed']['p'], area[2]['fixed']['p']], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, [area[0]['fixed']['q'], area[1]['fixed']['q'], area[2]['fixed']['q']], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen, None, \'DISPATCHABLE\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, 'DISPATCHABLE')
t_is(Pd, [area[0]['disp']['p'], area[1]['disp']['p'], area[2]['disp']['p']], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen, None, \'DISPATCHABLE\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, 'DISPATCHABLE')
t_is(Pd, [area[0]['disp']['p'], area[1]['disp']['p'], area[2]['disp']['p']], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, [area[0]['disp']['q'], area[1]['disp']['q'], area[2]['disp']['q']], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
##----- explicit single load zone -----
nb = ppc['bus'].shape[0]
load_zone = zeros(nb, int)
k = find(ppc['bus'][:, BUS_AREA] == 2) ## area 2
load_zone[k] = 1
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen, load_zone1, \'BOTH\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone, 'BOTH')
t_is(Pd, area[1]['both']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen, load_zone1, \'BOTH\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone, 'BOTH')
t_is(Pd, area[1]['both']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, area[1]['both']['q'], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen, load_zone1, \'FIXED\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone, 'FIXED')
t_is(Pd, area[1]['fixed']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen, load_zone1, \'FIXED\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone, 'FIXED')
t_is(Pd, area[1]['fixed']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, area[1]['fixed']['q'], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen, load_zone1, \'DISPATCHABLE\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone, 'DISPATCHABLE')
t_is(Pd, area[1]['disp']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen, load_zone1, \'DISPATCHABLE\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone, 'DISPATCHABLE')
t_is(Pd, area[1]['disp']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, area[1]['disp']['q'], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
##----- explicit multiple load zone -----
load_zone = zeros(nb, int)
k = find(ppc['bus'][:, BUS_AREA] == 3) ## area 3
load_zone[k] = 1
k = find(ppc['bus'][:, BUS_AREA] == 1) ## area 1
load_zone[k] = 2
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen, load_zone2, \'BOTH\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone, 'BOTH')
t_is(Pd, [area[2]['both']['p'], area[0]['both']['p']], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen, load_zone2, \'BOTH\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone, 'BOTH')
t_is(Pd, [area[2]['both']['p'], area[0]['both']['p']], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, [area[2]['both']['q'], area[0]['both']['q']], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen, load_zone2, \'FIXED\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone, 'FIXED')
t_is(Pd, [area[2]['fixed']['p'], area[0]['fixed']['p']], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen, load_zone2, \'FIXED\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone, 'FIXED')
t_is(Pd, [area[2]['fixed']['p'], area[0]['fixed']['p']], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, [area[2]['fixed']['q'], area[0]['fixed']['q']], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen, load_zone2, \'DISPATCHABLE\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone, 'DISPATCHABLE')
t_is(Pd, [area[2]['disp']['p'], area[0]['disp']['p']], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen, load_zone2, \'DISPATCHABLE\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone, 'DISPATCHABLE')
t_is(Pd, [area[2]['disp']['p'], area[0]['disp']['p']], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, [area[2]['disp']['q'], area[0]['disp']['q']], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
t_end()
def runacdcpf(caseac=None, casedc=None, pacdcopt=None, ppopt=None):
"""
Runs a sequential AC/DC power flow, optionally
returning the results, a convergence flag and the time.
Inputs (optional):
CASEAC : ac power flow data
either a PYPOWER case struct or a string containing the name
of the file with the data (default ac case is 'case5_stagg',
only used when both ac and dc power flow data are not defined)
(see also CASEFORMAT and LOADCASE and PYPOWER)
CASEDC : dc power flow data
either a PYACDCPF case struct or a string containing
the name of the file with the data (default dc case is
'case5_stagg_MTDCslack')
(see also LOADCASEDC)
PACDCOPT : PYACDCPF options vector to override default ac/dc power
flow options. Can be used to specify tolerances, inclusion of
limits, plot options and more (see also MACDCOPTION).
PPOPT : PYPOWER options vector to override default options
can be used to specify the solution algorithm, output options
termination tolerances, and more (see also MPOPTION).
Outputs:
RESULTSAC : results struct, with the following fields from the
input PYPOWER case: baseMVA, bus, branch, gen (but with solved
voltages, power flows, etc.)
RESULTSDC : results struct, with the following fields:
input PYACDCPF dc case: baseMVAac, baseMVAdc, pol, busdc, convdc,
branchdc (but with solved voltages, power flows, etc.)
CONVERGED : converge flag, can additionally be returned
TIMECALC : elapsed time, can additionally be returned
Examples of usage:
[resultsac, resultsdc, converged, te] = runacdcpf('case5_stagg', \
'case5_stagg_MTDCdroop');
@author:Jef Beerten (KU Leuven)
@author:Roni Irnawan (Aalborg University)
"""
## start of time calculation
t0 = time()
## add subdirectories to path
if caseac is None:
dirac = join(dirname(__file__), 'Cases', 'PowerflowAC')
caseac = join(dirac, 'case5_stagg')
# caseac = join(dirac, 'case3_inf')
# caseac = join(dirac, 'case24_ieee_rts1996_3zones')
# caseac = join(dirac, 'case24_ieee_rts1996_3zones_inf')
if casedc is None:
dirdc = join(dirname(__file__), 'Cases', 'PowerflowDC')
# casedc = join(dirdc, 'case5_stagg_HVDCptp')
# casedc = join(dirdc, 'case5_stagg_MTDCslack')
casedc = join(dirdc, 'case5_stagg_MTDCdroop')
# casedc = join(dirdc, 'case24_ieee_rts1996_MTDC')
## default arguments
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt)
ppopt["VERBOSE"] = 0
ppopt["OUT_ALL"] = 0
pacdcopt = pacdcoption(pacdcopt)
## options
tolacdc = pacdcopt["TOLACDC"]
itmaxacdc = pacdcopt["ITMAXACDC"]
toldc = pacdcopt["TOLDC"]
itmaxdc = pacdcopt["ITMAXDC"]
tolslackdroop = pacdcopt["TOLSLACKDROOP"]
itmaxslackdroop = pacdcopt["ITMAXSLACKDROOP"]
tolslackdroopint = pacdcopt["TOLSLACKDROOPINT"]
itmaxslackdroopint = pacdcopt["ITMAXSLACKDROOPINT"]
multslack = pacdcopt["MULTSLACK"]
limac = pacdcopt["LIMAC"]
limdc = pacdcopt["LIMDC"]
tollim = pacdcopt["TOLLIM"]
output = pacdcopt["OUTPUT"]
convplotopt = pacdcopt["CONVPLOTOPT"]
## ----- initialise -----
## read data
pdc = loadcasedc(casedc)
ppc = loadcase(caseac)
##----- Data preparation -----
## converter outage are considered as stations without ac grid connection
pdc, conv0busi, conv1, conv1i, conv0, conv0i = convout(pdc)
pdc['convdc'] = conv1 # only use converters without outage
## dc branch outages (remove branches from input data)
brchdc1, brchdc1i, brchdc0, brchdc0i = brchdcout(pdc)
pdc['branchdc'] = brchdc1 # only include branches in operation
## ac branch outages (remove branches from input data)
brch1, brch1i, brch0, brch0i = brchout(ppc)
ppc['branch'] = brch1 # only include branches in operation
## generator outages (remove non-operational generators from input data)
gon = where(ppc['gen'][:,GEN_STATUS] > 0)[0] # which gens are on?
goff = where(ppc['gen'][:,GEN_STATUS] == 0)[0] # which gens are off?
gen0 = ppc['gen'][goff,:] # non-operational gens data
ppc['gen'] = ppc['gen'][gon,:] #keep operational generators"
##----- External to internal numbering -----
## dc network external to internal bus numbering
i2edcpmt, i2edc, pdc = ext2intdc(pdc)
## ac network external to internal bus numbering
acdmbus, i2eac, pdc, ppc = ext2intac(pdc,ppc)
## sort matrices by new bus numbers
i2ebus = ppc['bus'][:,0].argsort()
i2egen = ppc['gen'][:,0].argsort()
i2ebrch = ppc['branch'][:,0].argsort()
i2ebusdc = pdc['busdc'][:,0].argsort()
i2econvdc = pdc['convdc'][:,0].argsort()
i2ebrchdc = pdc['branchdc'][:,0].argsort()
ppc['bus'] = ppc['bus'][i2ebus,:]
ppc['gen'] = ppc['gen'][i2egen,:]
ppc['branch'] = ppc['branch'][i2ebrch,:]
pdc['busdc'] = pdc['busdc'][i2ebusdc,:]
pdc['convdc'] = pdc['convdc'][i2econvdc,:]
pdc['branchdc'] = pdc['branchdc'][i2ebrchdc,:]
## Per unit external to internal data conversion
pdc = ext2intpu(ppc['baseMVA'],pdc)
##----- Additional data preparation & index initialisation -----
## zero rows addition to convdc matrix (dc buses without converter)
convdc1 = zeros((pdc['busdc'].shape[0]-pdc['convdc'].shape[0],
pdc['convdc'].shape[1]))
pdc['convdc'] = r_[pdc['convdc'],convdc1]
## indices initialisation
bdci = where(pdc['busdc'][:,BUSAC_I])[0].astype(int)
cdci = where(pdc['convdc'][:,CONVSTATUS] == 1)[0].astype(int)
slackdc = where(pdc['convdc'][:,CONVTYPE_DC] == DCSLACK)[0].astype(int)
droopdc = where(pdc['convdc'][:,CONVTYPE_DC] == DCDROOP)[0].astype(int)
ngriddc = pdc['busdc'][:,GRIDDC].max()
## convert to internal indexing
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch = \
ppc["baseMVA"], ppc["bus"], ppc["gen"], ppc["branch"]
baseMVAac, baseMVAdc, pol, busdc, convdc, branchdc = \
pdc["baseMVAac"], pdc["baseMVAdc"], pdc["pol"], \
pdc["busdc"], pdc["convdc"], pdc["branchdc"]
##----- Violation check -----
## dc slack bus and distributed voltage bus violation check
gridviol = setdiff1d(arange(1,ngriddc+1),busdc[r_[slackdc, droopdc],GRIDDC])
if not gridviol.size == 0:
stdout.write('\nMultiple dc slack busses defined in grid %d \n' % (gridviol))
stderr.write('No droop controlled bus or slack bus defined for every dc grid !\n')
## remove multiple slack buses
if multslack == 0:
for ii in arange(1,ngriddc+1):
slackdcii = intersect1d(slackdc,where(busdc[:,GRIDDC] == ii)[0])
if slackdcii.size > 1:
convdc[slackdcii[0].astype(int),CONVTYPE_DC ] = DCSLACK
convdc[slackdcii[1:].astype(int),CONVTYPE_DC ] = DCNOSLACK
slackdcii = slackdcii[0]
## printout changes
stdout.write('\nMultiple dc slack busses defined in grid %d' %(ii))
stdout.write('\n Bus %d kept as the slack bus\n'%\
(i2edc[slackdcii.astype(int)+1]))
## redefine slack buses
slackdc = where(convdc[:,CONVTYPE_DC] == DCSLACK)[0].astype(int)
## define indices of slack, droop and power controlled buses
slackdroopdc = union1d(slackdc, droopdc)
noslackbdc = setdiff1d(where(busdc[:,BUSDC_I]), slackdc)
## remove converter and generator V control violations
vcontrvsc = where(convdc[:,CONVTYPE_AC] == PVC)[0]
vcontrgen = r_[where(bus[:,BUS_TYPE] == PV)[0], \
where(bus[:,BUS_TYPE] == REF)[0]]
## buses with V control conflicts
vconfl = intersect1d(vcontrvsc, vcontrgen).astype(int)
convdc[vconfl,CONVTYPE_AC] = PQC
convdc[vconfl,QCONV] = 0
convdc[:,QCONV] *= convdc[:,CONVTYPE_AC] == PQC
if not vconfl.size == 0:
stdout.write('Generator & VSC converter on the same bus')
stdout.write('\n Conflicting voltage control on bus %d' %(i2eac[vconfl+1]))
stdout.write('\n=> Corresponding VSC Converter set to PQ control without Q injections.\n')
##----- initialisation ac network -----
## dummy generator initialisation
Vcref = convdc[:,VCONV] # voltage setpoints
busVSC = bus.copy()
gendm = zeros((0,gen.shape[1]))
genPQ = zeros((0,1)).astype(int)
genPQi = zeros((0,1)).astype(int)
Qcmin_dum = -99999
Qcmax_dum = 99999
Pcmin_dum = 0
Pcmax_dum = 99999
## dummy generator addition
for ii in arange(convdc.shape[0]):
## change control from PQ to PV for buses with converter in PV control
if bus[ii,BUS_TYPE] == PQ and convdc[ii,CONVTYPE_AC] == PVC:
busVSC[ii,BUS_TYPE] = PV
## add dummy generator to V controlling converter bus without generator
if not any(gen[:,GEN_BUS] == bus[ii,BUS_I]):
gendm = r_[gendm, zeros((1,gen.shape[1]))]
gendm[-1,[GEN_BUS,PG,QG,QMAX,QMIN,VG,MBASE,GEN_STATUS,PMAX,PMIN]] = \
[ii+1,0,0,Qcmax_dum,Qcmin_dum,Vcref[ii],baseMVAac,1,Pcmax_dum,Pcmin_dum]
else:
genPQ = r_[genPQ,bus[ii,BUS_I]]
genPQii = where(gen[:,GEN_BUS] == bus[ii,BUS_I])[0]
genPQi = r_[genPQi,genPQii]
## define buses with dummy generator
# gdmbus = where(gendm[[where(bus[:,BUS_I]==x)[0][0] for x in \
# gendm[:,GEN_BUS]],GEN_BUS])[0]
if any(gendm[:,GEN_BUS]):
gdmbus = where(gendm[:,GEN_BUS] == bus[:,BUS_I])[0]
else:
gdmbus = []
## converter stations power injections into ac network
Pvsc = convdc[:,PCONV]/baseMVA
Qvsc = convdc[:,QCONV]/baseMVA
## dc voltage droop setpoints and parameters
PVdroop = zeros(busdc.shape[0])
Pdcset = zeros(busdc.shape[0])
Vdcset = zeros(busdc.shape[0])
dVdcset = zeros(busdc.shape[0])
PVdroop[cdci] = convdc[cdci,DROOP]*baseMVA
Pdcset[cdci] = convdc[cdci,PDCSET]/baseMVA
Vdcset[cdci] = convdc[cdci,VDCSET]
dVdcset[cdci] = convdc[cdci,DVDCSET]
## voltage droop converter power initialisation
Pvsc[droopdc] = Pdcset[droopdc] ## assumption: operating in reference set-point & no converter losses
## dc slack converter power injection initialisation
if slackdc.size != 0:
for ii in arange(1,ngriddc+1):
#slackdcii = where(convdc[busdc[:,GRIDDC]==ii,CONVTYPE_DC]==DCSLACK)[0]
slackdcii = intersect1d(where(busdc[:,GRIDDC]==ii)[0],\
where(convdc[:,CONVTYPE_DC]==DCSLACK)[0])
if slackdcii.size != 0:
#Pvscii = Pvsc*(convdc[busdc[:,GRIDDC]==1,CONVTYPE_DC]!=DCSLACK)
Pvscii = Pvsc*(equal(busdc[:,GRIDDC],ii)* \
not_equal(convdc[:,CONVTYPE_DC],DCSLACK))
Pvsc[slackdcii] = -Pvscii.sum()/slackdcii.shape[0]
## Inclusion of converters as loads
busVSC[cdci,PD] = bus[cdci,PD] - Pvsc[cdci]*baseMVA
busVSC[cdci,QD] = bus[cdci,QD] - Qvsc[cdci]*baseMVA
##----- initialisation of converter quantities -----
## per unit converter loss coefficients values
basekA = baseMVA/(sqrt(3)*convdc[:,BASEKVC])
lossa = convdc[:,LOSSA]/baseMVA
lossb = convdc[:,LOSSB]*basekA/baseMVA
losscr = convdc[:,LOSSCR]*basekA**2/baseMVA
lossci = convdc[:,LOSSCI]*basekA**2/baseMVA
## converter reactor parameters
Rc = convdc[:,RCONV]
Xc = convdc[:,XCONV]
Zc = Rc+j*Xc
## converter limits data
Icmax = convdc[:,ICMAX]
Vcmax = convdc[:,VCMAX]
Vcmin = convdc[:,VCMIN]
## filter reactance
Bf = convdc[:,BF]
## transformer parameters
Rtf = convdc[:,RTF]
Xtf = convdc[:,XTF]
Ztf = Rtf+j*Xtf
##----- initialisation of dc network quantities -----
## build dc bus matrix
Ybusdc, Yfdc, Ytdc = makeYbusdc( busdc, branchdc )
## detect ac islands errors (non-synchronised zones => to be solved independently)
zonecheck(bus, gen, branch, i2eac, output)
aczones = sort(unique(bus[:,ZONE])).astype(int)
##----- main iteration loop -----
## initialise
Vdc = busdc[:,VDC] #dc bus voltages
genVSC = r_[gen, gendm] #inclusion of dummy generators for ac solution
gendmidx = where(genVSC[:,GEN_BUS] == setdiff1d(genVSC[:,GEN_BUS], gen[:, GEN_BUS]))[0] # index of dummy generators in genVSC matrix
Ps = Pvsc #grid side converter power initialisation
Pdc = zeros(busdc.shape[0])
Ifdc = zeros(branchdc.shape[0])
Pfdc = zeros(branchdc.shape[0])
Ptdc = zeros(branchdc.shape[0])
## iteration options
it = 0
converged = 0
## main loop
while (not converged) and (it <= itmaxacdc):
## update iteration counter
it += 1
## reset grid side converter reactive power injection
Qs = Qvsc
Ss = Ps +j*Qs
##----- ac network power flow -----
## ac power flow with converters as loads (PQ mode) or load+generator (PV mode)
busVSCext = zeros((0,bus.shape[1]))
genVSCext = zeros((0,gen.shape[1]))
branchext = zeros((0,QT+1))
buszi = []
genVSCzi = []
brchzi = []
for i in arange(aczones.size):
## select buses, generators and branches in the specified ac zone
buszi = where(bus[:,ZONE] == aczones[i])[0]
genVSCzi = where(bus[[where(bus[:,BUS_I]==x)[0][0] for x in \
genVSC[:,GEN_BUS]],ZONE] == aczones[i])[0]
brchzi = where(bus[[where(bus[:,BUS_I]==x)[0][0] for x in \
branch[:,F_BUS]],ZONE] == aczones[i])[0]
busVSCz = busVSC[buszi,:]
genVSCz = genVSC[genVSCzi,:]
branchz = branch[brchzi,:]
## solve ac power flow for specified ac zone (if not infinite bus)
if busVSCz.shape[0]>1:
accaseVSCz = {}
accaseVSCz['baseMVA'] = baseMVA
accaseVSCz['bus'] = busVSCz
accaseVSCz['gen'] = genVSCz
accaseVSCz['branch'] = branchz
resultsz,successz = runpf(accaseVSCz, ppopt)
busVSCz = resultsz['bus']
genVSCz = resultsz['gen']
branchz = resultsz['branch']
## store solutions for specified ac zone in extended matrices
for k,idx in enumerate(buszi):
if busVSCext.shape[0] <= idx:
busVSCext = r_[busVSCext,zeros((idx-busVSCext.shape[0]+1, \
bus.shape[1]))]
busVSCext[idx,:] = busVSCz[k,:]
for k,idx in enumerate(genVSCzi):
if genVSCext.shape[0] <= idx:
genVSCext = r_[genVSCext,zeros((idx-genVSCext.shape[0]+1, \
gen.shape[1]))]
genVSCext[idx,:] = genVSCz[k,:]
for k,idx in enumerate(brchzi):
if branchext.shape[0] <= idx:
branchext = r_[branchext,zeros((idx-branchext.shape[0]+1, \
QT+1))]
branchext[idx,:] = branchz[k,:]
busVSC = busVSCext.copy()
genVSC = genVSCext.copy()
branch = branchext.copy()
## dummy generator update
gendm = genVSC[gen.shape[0]:,:]
## dummy generator on converter V controlled bus
Ss[gdmbus] = Ss[gdmbus] + j*gendm[:,QG]/baseMVA
## PQ generator on converter V controlled bus
Ss[genPQ] = Ss[genPQ] + \
j*(genVSC[genPQi,QG] - gen[genPQi,QG])/baseMVA
## update grid side converter power injections
Ps = real(Ss)
Qs = imag(Ss)
## generator reset
genVSC[gendmidx,QG] = 0
genVSC[genPQi,QG] = gen[genPQi,QG]
##----- Converter calculations -----
## converter reactor voltages and power
Vs = busVSC[bdci,VM]*exp(j*busVSC[bdci,VA]*pi/180)
Itf = conj(Ss/Vs) ## transformer current
Vf = Vs + Itf*Ztf ## filter side voltage
Ssf = Vf*conj(Itf) ## filter side transformer complex power
Qf = -Bf*abs(Vf)**2 ## filter reactive power
Scf = Ssf + j*Qf ## filter side converter complex power
Ic = conj(Scf/Vf) ## converter current
Vc = Vf + Ic*Zc ## converter side voltage
Sc = Vc*conj(Ic) ## converter side complex power
## converter active and reactive powers
Pc = real(Sc)
Qc = imag(Sc)
Pcf = real(Scf)
Qcf = imag(Scf)
Psf = real(Ssf)
Qsf = imag(Ssf)
## initialisation
Ps_old = Ps.copy()
if limac == 1:
##--- converter limit check ---
## initialisation
limviol = zeros((busdc.shape[0]))
SsL = zeros((busdc.shape[0]),dtype=complex)
plotarg = zeros((busdc.shape[0],17),dtype=complex)
for ii in arange(1,ngriddc+1):
## remove slack converters from limit check
cdcii = where(busdc[:,GRIDDC] == ii)[0]
ccdcslackii = where(intersect1d(cdcii,slackdc)==cdcii)[0]
if not ccdcslackii.size == 0:
cdcii = delete(cdcii,ccdcslackii) #remove slack converter
cdci0 = where(convdc[cdcii,CONV_BUS]==0)[0]
cdcii = delete(cdcii,cdci0) # remove zero elements (converter outages)
## converter limit check
for jj in arange(cdcii.size):
cvjj = cdcii[jj]
limviol[cvjj],SsL[cvjj], plotarg[cvjj,:] = convlim(Ss[cvjj], \
Vs[cvjj], Vc[cvjj], Ztf[cvjj], Bf[cvjj], Zc[cvjj], \
Icmax[cvjj], Vcmax[cvjj], Vcmin[cvjj], i2edc[cvjj+1], \
tollim, convplotopt)
## converter limit violations (1 = Q limit, 2 = P limit)
limviolii = limviol*(busdc[:,GRIDDC] == ii)
dSii = (SsL-Ss)*(busdc[:,GRIDDC] == ii)*(convdc[:,CONVTYPE_DC] != DCSLACK)
if (2 in limviolii) or (1 in limviolii):
if (2 in limviolii):
dSii = dSii*(limviolii==2)
dSiimaxi = where(abs(real(dSii)).max())[0]
stdout.write('\n Active power setpoint of converter %d changed from %.2f MW to %.2f MW.'%( \
i2edc[dSiimaxi+1], real(Ss[dSiimaxi])*baseMVA, real(SsL[dSiimaxi])*baseMVA))
stdout.write('\n Reactive power setpoint of converter %d changed from %.2f MVAr to %.2f MVAr.\n'%(\
i2edc[dSiimaxi+1], imag(Ss[dSiimaxi])*baseMVA, imag(SsL[dSiimaxi])*baseMVA))
else: ## if ismember(1, limviolii)
dSii = dSii*(limviolii==1)
dSiimaxi = argmax(abs(imag(dSii)))
stdout.write('\n Reactive power setpoint of converter %d changed from %.2f MVAr to %.2f MVAr. \n'%(\
i2edc[dSiimaxi+1], imag(Ss[dSiimaxi])*baseMVA, imag(SsL[dSiimaxi])*baseMVA))
## plot converter setpoint adaptation
if convplotopt != 0 :
convlimplot(plotarg[dSiimaxi,:], i2edc[dSiimaxi])
## update converter powers
Ss[dSiimaxi] = SsL[dSiimaxi]
Pvsc[dSiimaxi] = real(Ss[dSiimaxi])
Qvsc[dSiimaxi] = imag(Ss[dSiimaxi])
busVSC[dSiimaxi,PD] = bus[dSiimaxi,PD] - \
Pvsc[dSiimaxi]*baseMVA ## converter P injection from input files included as load
busVSC[dSiimaxi,QD] = bus[dSiimaxi,QD] - \
Qvsc[dSiimaxi]*baseMVA ## only Q from input files is included, not for V control
else:
dSiimaxi = []
## Remove voltage control on violated converter
if convdc[dSiimaxi, CONVTYPE_AC]==PVC:
convdc[dSiimaxi, CONVTYPE_AC] = PQC
stdout.write(' Voltage control at converter bus %d removed.\n'% i2edc[dSiimaxi+1])
busVSC[dSiimaxi, BUS_TYPE] = PQ
## Remove dummy generator (PV bus changed to PQ bus)
if dSiimaxi in gdmbus:
dSidx = where(gdmbus == dSiimaxi)[0]
dSgenidx = gendmidx[dSidx]
gendm = delete(gendm,dSidx)
genVSC = delete(genVSC,dSgenidx)
gdmbus = delete(gdmbus,dSidx)
gendmidx = where(genVSC[:,GEN_BUS] == np.setdiff1d(genVSC[:, GEN_BUS],gen[:, GEN_BUS])) ## index of dummy generators in genVSC matrix
## Remove VSC voltage control at genPQ bus
if dSiimaxi in genPQ:
dSidx = where(genPQ == dSiimaxi)[0]
genPQ = delete(genPQ,dSidx)
genPQi = delete(genPQi,dSidx)
## Remove droop control on violated converter
if convdc[dSiimaxi, CONVTYPE_DC]==DCDROOP:
convdc[dSiimaxi, CONVTYPE_DC] = DCNOSLACK
droopdc = setdiff1d(droopdc,dSiimaxi) ## remove converter from droop converters
slackdroopdc = setdiff1d(slackdroopdc,dSiimaxi) ## remove converter from slack/droop converters (additional loss iteration)
stdout.write(' Droop control at converter bus %d disabled.\n'%i2edc[dSiimaxi+1])
## recalculate converter quantities after limit check
Itf = conj(Ss/Vs) ## transformer current
Vf = Vs + Itf*Ztf ## filter side voltage
Ssf = Vf*conj(Itf) ## filter side transformer complex power
Qf = -Bf*abs(Vf)**2 ## filter reactive power
Scf = Ssf + j*Qf ## filter side converter complex power
Ic = conj(Scf/Vf) ## converter current
Vc = Vf + Ic*Zc ## converter side voltage
Sc = Vc*conj(Ic) ## converter side complex power
## converter active and reactive powers after limit check
Ps = real(Ss)
Qs = imag(Ss)
Pc = real(Sc)
Qc = imag(Sc)
Pcf = real(Scf)
Qcf = imag(Scf)
Psf = real(Ssf)
Qsf = imag(Ssf)
## converter losses and dc side power
Ploss = calclossac(Pc, Qc, Vc, lossa, lossb, losscr, lossci)
Pdc[cdci] = Pc[cdci] + Ploss[cdci]
##----- dc networks power flow -----
## calculate dc networks
Vdc, Pdc = dcnetworkpf(Ybusdc, Vdc, Pdc,slackdc, noslackbdc,\
droopdc, PVdroop, Pdcset, Vdcset, dVdcset, pol, toldc, itmaxdc)
## calculate dc line powers
Ifdc = Yfdc*Vdc ## current through dc lines
Vdcf = Vdc[[where(busdc[:,BUSDC_I]==x)[0][0] for x in \
branchdc[:,F_BUSDC]]]
Vdct = Vdc[[where(busdc[:,BUSDC_I]==x)[0][0] for x in \
branchdc[:,T_BUSDC]]]
Pfdc = pol*Vdcf*Ifdc ## power at the "from" bus
Ptdc = pol*Vdct*(-Ifdc) ## power at the "to" bus
##----- slack/droop bus voltage and converter loss -----
## Initialisation
Pc[slackdroopdc] = Pdc[slackdroopdc] - Ploss[slackdroopdc] ## Pc initialisation
itslack = 0
convergedslackdroop = 0
## dc slack bus loss calculation
while not convergedslackdroop and itslack<=itmaxslackdroop:
## update iteration counter and convergence variable
itslack += 1
Pcprev = Pc.copy()
## update slack bus powers Ps, Qc and voltage Vc
Ps[slackdroopdc], Qc[slackdroopdc], Vc[slackdroopdc] = calcslackdroop(
Pc[slackdroopdc], Qs[slackdroopdc], Vs[slackdroopdc], \
Vf[slackdroopdc], Vc[slackdroopdc], Ztf[slackdroopdc], \
Bf[slackdroopdc], Zc[slackdroopdc], \
tolslackdroopint, itmaxslackdroopint)
## update slack bus losses
Ploss[slackdroopdc] = calclossac(Pc[slackdroopdc], Qc[slackdroopdc], \
Vc[slackdroopdc], lossa[slackdroopdc], lossb[slackdroopdc], \
losscr[slackdroopdc], lossci[slackdroopdc])
## update slack bus converter side power Pc
Pc[slackdroopdc] = Pdc[slackdroopdc] - Ploss[slackdroopdc]
## slack bus tolerance check
if max(abs(Pcprev[slackdroopdc] - Pc[slackdroopdc])) < tolslackdroop:
convergedslackdroop = 1
if not convergedslackdroop:
stdout.write('\nSlackbus/Droop converter loss calculation of grid did NOT converge in %d iterations\n'% itslack)
## extended bus matrix update
busVSC[cdci,PD] = bus[cdci,PD] - Ps[cdci]*baseMVA
## convergence check
if abs(Ps_old - Ps).max() < tolacdc:
converged = 1
## end of iteration
timecalc = time() - t0
##----- Post processing -----
## convergence
if converged:
if output:
stdout.write('\nSequential solution method converged in %d iterations\n'%it)
else:
stdout.write('\nSequential solution method did NOT converge after %d iterations\n'%it)
## converter limit check
if limac == 1:
for ii in arange(cdci.size):
cvii = cdci[ii]
limviol, _, plotarg = convlim(Ss[cvii], Vs[cvii], Vc[cvii], Ztf[cvii], \
Bf[cvii], Zc[cvii], Icmax[cvii], Vcmax[cvii], Vcmin[cvii], i2edc[cvii+1], tollim, 1)
if limviol != 0: ## limits are hit
if (convdc[cvii,CONVTYPE_DC] == DCSLACK):
stdout.write('\n Slackbus converter %d is operating outside its limits.\n'%i2edc[cvii+1])
elif (convdc[cvii,CONVTYPE_DC] == DCNOSLACK):
stdout.write('\n Converter %d is operating outside its limits.\n'%i2edc[cvii+1])
if convplotopt == 2 :
convlimplot(plotarg, i2edc[cvii])
## update bus matrix
bus[:,VM] = busVSC[:,VM]
bus[:,VA] = busVSC[:,VA]
## dummy generators removal
gen = genVSC[arange(gen.shape[0]),:]
## update busdc matrix
busdc[:,PDC] = Pdc*baseMVA
busdc[:,VDC] = Vdc
## update convdc matrix
convdc[:,PCONV] = Ps*baseMVA
convdc[:,QCONV] = Qs*baseMVA
# new addition to convdc matrix
convdc = c_[convdc,abs(Vc)]
convdc = c_[convdc,angle(Vc)*180/pi]
convdc = c_[convdc,Pc*baseMVA]
convdc = c_[convdc,Qc*baseMVA]
convdc = c_[convdc,Ploss*baseMVA]
convdc = c_[convdc,abs(Vf)]
convdc = c_[convdc,angle(Vf)*180/pi]
convdc = c_[convdc,Psf*baseMVA]
convdc = c_[convdc,Qsf*baseMVA]
convdc = c_[convdc,Qcf*baseMVA]
## new addition to branchdc matrix
branchdc = c_[branchdc,Pfdc*baseMVA]
branchdc = c_[branchdc,Ptdc*baseMVA]
#----- internal to external bus renumbering -----
# remove dummy converters
convdc = convdc[cdci,:]
## convert to external indexing
ppc["baseMVA"], ppc["bus"], ppc["gen"], ppc["branch"] = \
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch
pdc["baseMVAac"], pdc["baseMVAdc"], pdc["pol"], \
pdc["busdc"], pdc["convdc"], pdc["branchdc"] = \
baseMVAac, baseMVAdc, pol, busdc, convdc, branchdc
## Per unit internal to external data conversion
pdc =int2extpu(ppc['baseMVA'],pdc);
## Undo the matrices sorting based on the bus numbers
ppc['bus'] = ppc['bus'][i2ebus.argsort(),:]
ppc['gen'] = ppc['gen'][i2egen.argsort(),:]
ppc['branch'] = ppc['branch'][i2ebrch.argsort(),:]
pdc['busdc'] = pdc['busdc'][i2ebusdc.argsort(),:]
pdc['convdc'] = pdc['convdc'][i2econvdc.argsort(),:]
pdc['branchdc'] = pdc['branchdc'][i2ebrchdc.argsort(),:]
## ac network internal to external bus numbering
pdc, ppc = int2extac(i2eac, acdmbus, pdc, ppc)
## dc network internal to external bus numbering
pdc = int2extdc(i2edcpmt, i2edc, pdc)
## generator outage inclusion
gen1 = ppc['gen'] ## operational generators
gen0[:,[PG, QG]] = 0 ## reset generator power injection
ppc['gen'] = zeros((gon.shape[0]+goff.shape[0], gen1.shape[1]));
ppc['gen'][gon,:] = gen1 ## include operational generators
ppc['gen'][goff,:] = gen0 ## include non-operational generators
## converter with outages inclusion
conv1 = pdc['convdc']
conv0 = c_[conv0, zeros((conv0.shape[0],conv1.shape[1] - conv0.shape[1]))]
pdc['convdc'][conv0i, :] = conv0
pdc['convdc'][conv1i, :] = conv1
if conv0busi.shape[0]>0:
pdc['busdc'][conv0busi[:,0], BUSAC_I] = conv0busi[:,1]
## dc branch outages inclusion
brchdc1 = pdc['branchdc']
brchdc0 = c_[brchdc0, zeros((brchdc0.shape[0], brchdc1.shape[1] - brchdc0.shape[1]))]
pdc['branchdc'][brchdc0i,:] = brchdc0
pdc['branchdc'][brchdc1i,:] = brchdc1
## ac branch outages inclusion
if ppc['branch'].shape[0] == 0: ## all infinite buses
# python start the index at 0
brch0 = c_[brch0, zeros((brch0.shape[0], QT + 1 - brch0.shape[1]))] # not necessary anymore after rewriting the code
ppc['branch'] = brch0;
else:
brch1 = ppc['branch']
brch0 = c_[brch0, zeros((brch0.shape[0], brch1.shape[1] - brch0.shape[1]))];
ppc['branch'][brch0i,:] = brch0
ppc['branch'][brch1i,:] = brch1
##----- output results -----
## print results
if output:
printpf(ppc['baseMVA'], ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], ppc['branch'],None,converged,timecalc)
printdcpf(pdc['busdc'], pdc['convdc'], pdc['branchdc'])
##----- output results -----
# as dict
resultsac = {}
resultsac['baseMVA'] = baseMVA
resultsac['bus'] = bus
resultsac['gen'] = gen
resultsac['branch'] = branch
resultsdc = {}
resultsdc['baseMVAac'] = baseMVAac
resultsdc['baseMVAdc'] = baseMVAdc
resultsdc['pol'] = pol
resultsdc['busdc'] = busdc
resultsdc['convdc'] = convdc
resultsdc['branchdc'] = branchdc
# if nargout == 2 || nargout == 3 || nargout == 4
# baseMVA = resultsac;
# bus = resultsdc;
# gen = converged;
# branch = timecalc;
# end
input()
return resultsac, resultsdc, converged, timecalc
def t_runopf_w_res(quiet=False):
"""Tests C{runopf_w_res} and the associated callbacks.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
@author: Richard Lincoln
"""
t_begin(46, quiet)
verbose = 0#not quiet
tdir = dirname(__file__)
casefile = join(tdir, 't_case30_userfcns')
ppopt = ppoption(OPF_VIOLATION=1e-6, PDIPM_GRADTOL=1e-8,
PDIPM_COMPTOL=1e-8, PDIPM_COSTTOL=1e-9)
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, OUT_ALL=0, VERBOSE=verbose, OPF_ALG=560)
t = 'runopf_w_res(''t_case30_userfcns'') : '
r = runopf_w_res(casefile, ppopt)
t_is(r['reserves']['R'], [25, 15, 0, 0, 19.3906, 0.6094], 4, [t, 'R'])
t_is(r['reserves']['prc'], [2, 2, 2, 2, 5.5, 5.5], 6, [t, 'prc'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['l'], [0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.l'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['u'], [0.1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.u'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['Pmax'], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0.5, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.Pmax'])
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
t_is(r['reserves']['cost'], ppc['reserves']['cost'], 12, [t, 'cost'])
t_is(r['reserves']['qty'], ppc['reserves']['qty'], 12, [t, 'qty'])
t_is(r['reserves']['totalcost'], 177.8047, 4, [t, 'totalcost'])
t = 'gen 5 no reserves : ';
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
ppc['reserves']['zones'][:, 4] = 0
ppc['reserves']['cost'] = delete(ppc['reserves']['cost'], 4)
ppc['reserves']['qty'] = delete(ppc['reserves']['qty'], 4)
r = runopf_w_res(ppc, ppopt)
t_is(r['reserves']['R'], [25, 15, 0, 0, 0, 20], 4, [t, 'R'])
t_is(r['reserves']['prc'], [2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 5.5], 6, [t, 'prc'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['l'], [0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.l'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['u'], [0.1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], 6, [t, 'mu.u'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['Pmax'], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.Pmax'])
t_is(r['reserves']['cost'], ppc['reserves']['cost'], 12, [t, 'cost'])
t_is(r['reserves']['qty'], ppc['reserves']['qty'], 12, [t, 'qty'])
t_is(r['reserves']['totalcost'], 187.5, 4, [t, 'totalcost'])
t = 'extra offline gen : ';
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
idx = list(range(3)) + [4] + list(range(3, 6))
ppc['gen'] = ppc['gen'][idx, :]
ppc['gencost'] = ppc['gencost'][idx, :]
ppc['reserves']['zones'] = ppc['reserves']['zones'][:, idx]
ppc['reserves']['cost'] = ppc['reserves']['cost'][idx]
ppc['reserves']['qty'] = ppc['reserves']['qty'][idx]
ppc['gen'][3, GEN_STATUS] = 0
r = runopf_w_res(ppc, ppopt)
t_is(r['reserves']['R'], [25, 15, 0, 0, 0, 19.3906, 0.6094], 4, [t, 'R'])
t_is(r['reserves']['prc'], [2, 2, 2, 5.5, 2, 5.5, 5.5], 6, [t, 'prc'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['l'], [0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.l'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['u'], [0.1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.u'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['Pmax'], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.5, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.Pmax'])
t_is(r['reserves']['cost'], ppc['reserves']['cost'], 12, [t, 'cost'])
t_is(r['reserves']['qty'], ppc['reserves']['qty'], 12, [t, 'qty'])
t_is(r['reserves']['totalcost'], 177.8047, 4, [t, 'totalcost'])
t = 'both extra & gen 6 no res : ';
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
idx = list(range(3)) + [4] + list(range(3, 6))
ppc['gen'] = ppc['gen'][idx, :]
ppc['gencost'] = ppc['gencost'][idx, :]
ppc['reserves']['zones'] = ppc['reserves']['zones'][:, idx]
ppc['reserves']['cost'] = ppc['reserves']['cost'][idx]
ppc['reserves']['qty'] = ppc['reserves']['qty'][idx]
ppc['gen'][3, GEN_STATUS] = 0
ppc['reserves']['zones'][:, 5] = 0
ppc['reserves']['cost'] = delete(ppc['reserves']['cost'], 5)
ppc['reserves']['qty'] = delete(ppc['reserves']['qty'], 5)
r = runopf_w_res(ppc, ppopt)
t_is(r['reserves']['R'], [25, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 20], 4, [t, 'R'])
t_is(r['reserves']['prc'], [2, 2, 2, 5.5, 2, 0, 5.5], 6, [t, 'prc'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['l'], [0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.l'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['u'], [0.1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], 6, [t, 'mu.u'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['Pmax'], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.Pmax'])
t_is(r['reserves']['cost'], ppc['reserves']['cost'], 12, [t, 'cost'])
t_is(r['reserves']['qty'], ppc['reserves']['qty'], 12, [t, 'qty'])
t_is(r['reserves']['totalcost'], 187.5, 4, [t, 'totalcost'])
t = 'no qty (Rmax) : '
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
del ppc['reserves']['qty']
r = runopf_w_res(ppc, ppopt)
t_is(r['reserves']['R'], [39.3826, 0.6174, 0, 0, 19.3818, 0.6182], 4, [t, 'R'])
t_is(r['reserves']['prc'], [2, 2, 2, 2, 5.5, 5.5], 5, [t, 'prc'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['l'], [0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0], 5, [t, 'mu.l'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['u'], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.u'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['Pmax'], [0.1, 0, 0, 0, 0.5, 0], 5, [t, 'mu.Pmax'])
t_is(r['reserves']['cost'], ppc['reserves']['cost'], 12, [t, 'cost'])
t_is(r['reserves']['totalcost'], 176.3708, 4, [t, 'totalcost'])
t = 'RAMP_10, no qty (Rmax) : ';
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
del ppc['reserves']['qty']
ppc['gen'][0, RAMP_10] = 25
r = runopf_w_res(ppc, ppopt)
t_is(r['reserves']['R'], [25, 15, 0, 0, 19.3906, 0.6094], 4, [t, 'R'])
t_is(r['reserves']['prc'], [2, 2, 2, 2, 5.5, 5.5], 6, [t, 'prc'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['l'], [0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.l'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['u'], [0.1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.u'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['Pmax'], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0.5, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.Pmax'])
t_is(r['reserves']['cost'], ppc['reserves']['cost'], 12, [t, 'cost'])
t_is(r['reserves']['totalcost'], 177.8047, 4, [t, 'totalcost'])
t_end()
def t_jacobian(quiet=False):
"""Numerical tests of partial derivative code.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
"""
t_begin(28, quiet)
## run powerflow to get solved case
ppopt = ppoption(VERBOSE=0, OUT_ALL=0)
ppc = loadcase(case30())
results, _ = runpf(ppc, ppopt)
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch = \
results['baseMVA'], results['bus'], results['gen'], results['branch']
## switch to internal bus numbering and build admittance matrices
_, bus, gen, branch = ext2int1(bus, gen, branch)
Ybus, Yf, Yt = makeYbus(baseMVA, bus, branch)
Ybus_full = Ybus.todense()
Yf_full = Yf.todense()
Yt_full = Yt.todense()
Vm = bus[:, VM]
Va = bus[:, VA] * (pi / 180)
V = Vm * exp(1j * Va)
f = branch[:, F_BUS].astype(int) ## list of "from" buses
t = branch[:, T_BUS].astype(int) ## list of "to" buses
#nl = len(f)
nb = len(V)
pert = 1e-8
Vm = array([Vm]).T # column array
Va = array([Va]).T # column array
Vc = array([V]).T # column array
##----- check dSbus_dV code -----
## full matrices
dSbus_dVm_full, dSbus_dVa_full = dSbus_dV(Ybus_full, V)
## sparse matrices
dSbus_dVm, dSbus_dVa = dSbus_dV(Ybus, V)
dSbus_dVm_sp = dSbus_dVm.todense()
dSbus_dVa_sp = dSbus_dVa.todense()
## compute numerically to compare
Vmp = (Vm * ones((1, nb)) + pert*eye(nb)) * (exp(1j * Va) * ones((1, nb)))
Vap = (Vm * ones((1, nb))) * (exp(1j * (Va*ones((1, nb)) + pert*eye(nb))))
num_dSbus_dVm = (Vmp * conj(Ybus * Vmp) - Vc * ones((1, nb)) * conj(Ybus * Vc * ones((1, nb)))) / pert
num_dSbus_dVa = (Vap * conj(Ybus * Vap) - Vc * ones((1, nb)) * conj(Ybus * Vc * ones((1, nb)))) / pert
t_is(dSbus_dVm_sp, num_dSbus_dVm, 5, 'dSbus_dVm (sparse)')
t_is(dSbus_dVa_sp, num_dSbus_dVa, 5, 'dSbus_dVa (sparse)')
t_is(dSbus_dVm_full, num_dSbus_dVm, 5, 'dSbus_dVm (full)')
t_is(dSbus_dVa_full, num_dSbus_dVa, 5, 'dSbus_dVa (full)')
##----- check dSbr_dV code -----
## full matrices
dSf_dVa_full, dSf_dVm_full, dSt_dVa_full, dSt_dVm_full, _, _ = \
dSbr_dV(branch, Yf_full, Yt_full, V)
## sparse matrices
dSf_dVa, dSf_dVm, dSt_dVa, dSt_dVm, Sf, St = dSbr_dV(branch, Yf, Yt, V)
dSf_dVa_sp = dSf_dVa.todense()
dSf_dVm_sp = dSf_dVm.todense()
dSt_dVa_sp = dSt_dVa.todense()
dSt_dVm_sp = dSt_dVm.todense()
## compute numerically to compare
Vmpf = Vmp[f, :]
Vapf = Vap[f, :]
Vmpt = Vmp[t, :]
Vapt = Vap[t, :]
Sf2 = (Vc[f] * ones((1, nb))) * conj(Yf * Vc * ones((1, nb)))
St2 = (Vc[t] * ones((1, nb))) * conj(Yt * Vc * ones((1, nb)))
Smpf = Vmpf * conj(Yf * Vmp)
Sapf = Vapf * conj(Yf * Vap)
Smpt = Vmpt * conj(Yt * Vmp)
Sapt = Vapt * conj(Yt * Vap)
num_dSf_dVm = (Smpf - Sf2) / pert
num_dSf_dVa = (Sapf - Sf2) / pert
num_dSt_dVm = (Smpt - St2) / pert
num_dSt_dVa = (Sapt - St2) / pert
t_is(dSf_dVm_sp, num_dSf_dVm, 5, 'dSf_dVm (sparse)')
t_is(dSf_dVa_sp, num_dSf_dVa, 5, 'dSf_dVa (sparse)')
t_is(dSt_dVm_sp, num_dSt_dVm, 5, 'dSt_dVm (sparse)')
t_is(dSt_dVa_sp, num_dSt_dVa, 5, 'dSt_dVa (sparse)')
t_is(dSf_dVm_full, num_dSf_dVm, 5, 'dSf_dVm (full)')
t_is(dSf_dVa_full, num_dSf_dVa, 5, 'dSf_dVa (full)')
t_is(dSt_dVm_full, num_dSt_dVm, 5, 'dSt_dVm (full)')
t_is(dSt_dVa_full, num_dSt_dVa, 5, 'dSt_dVa (full)')
##----- check dAbr_dV code -----
## full matrices
dAf_dVa_full, dAf_dVm_full, dAt_dVa_full, dAt_dVm_full = \
dAbr_dV(dSf_dVa_full, dSf_dVm_full, dSt_dVa_full, dSt_dVm_full, Sf, St)
## sparse matrices
dAf_dVa, dAf_dVm, dAt_dVa, dAt_dVm = \
dAbr_dV(dSf_dVa, dSf_dVm, dSt_dVa, dSt_dVm, Sf, St)
dAf_dVa_sp = dAf_dVa.todense()
dAf_dVm_sp = dAf_dVm.todense()
dAt_dVa_sp = dAt_dVa.todense()
dAt_dVm_sp = dAt_dVm.todense()
## compute numerically to compare
num_dAf_dVm = (abs(Smpf)**2 - abs(Sf2)**2) / pert
num_dAf_dVa = (abs(Sapf)**2 - abs(Sf2)**2) / pert
num_dAt_dVm = (abs(Smpt)**2 - abs(St2)**2) / pert
num_dAt_dVa = (abs(Sapt)**2 - abs(St2)**2) / pert
t_is(dAf_dVm_sp, num_dAf_dVm, 4, 'dAf_dVm (sparse)')
t_is(dAf_dVa_sp, num_dAf_dVa, 4, 'dAf_dVa (sparse)')
t_is(dAt_dVm_sp, num_dAt_dVm, 4, 'dAt_dVm (sparse)')
t_is(dAt_dVa_sp, num_dAt_dVa, 4, 'dAt_dVa (sparse)')
t_is(dAf_dVm_full, num_dAf_dVm, 4, 'dAf_dVm (full)')
t_is(dAf_dVa_full, num_dAf_dVa, 4, 'dAf_dVa (full)')
t_is(dAt_dVm_full, num_dAt_dVm, 4, 'dAt_dVm (full)')
t_is(dAt_dVa_full, num_dAt_dVa, 4, 'dAt_dVa (full)')
##----- check dIbr_dV code -----
## full matrices
dIf_dVa_full, dIf_dVm_full, dIt_dVa_full, dIt_dVm_full, _, _ = \
dIbr_dV(branch, Yf_full, Yt_full, V)
## sparse matrices
dIf_dVa, dIf_dVm, dIt_dVa, dIt_dVm, _, _ = dIbr_dV(branch, Yf, Yt, V)
dIf_dVa_sp = dIf_dVa.todense()
dIf_dVm_sp = dIf_dVm.todense()
dIt_dVa_sp = dIt_dVa.todense()
dIt_dVm_sp = dIt_dVm.todense()
## compute numerically to compare
num_dIf_dVm = (Yf * Vmp - Yf * Vc * ones((1, nb))) / pert
num_dIf_dVa = (Yf * Vap - Yf * Vc * ones((1, nb))) / pert
num_dIt_dVm = (Yt * Vmp - Yt * Vc * ones((1, nb))) / pert
num_dIt_dVa = (Yt * Vap - Yt * Vc * ones((1, nb))) / pert
t_is(dIf_dVm_sp, num_dIf_dVm, 5, 'dIf_dVm (sparse)')
t_is(dIf_dVa_sp, num_dIf_dVa, 5, 'dIf_dVa (sparse)')
t_is(dIt_dVm_sp, num_dIt_dVm, 5, 'dIt_dVm (sparse)')
t_is(dIt_dVa_sp, num_dIt_dVa, 5, 'dIt_dVa (sparse)')
t_is(dIf_dVm_full, num_dIf_dVm, 5, 'dIf_dVm (full)')
t_is(dIf_dVa_full, num_dIf_dVa, 5, 'dIf_dVa (full)')
t_is(dIt_dVm_full, num_dIt_dVm, 5, 'dIt_dVm (full)')
t_is(dIt_dVa_full, num_dIt_dVa, 5, 'dIt_dVa (full)')
t_end()
def t_opf_pips(quiet=False):
"""Tests for PIPS-based AC optimal power flow.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
"""
num_tests = 101
t_begin(num_tests, quiet)
tdir = dirname(__file__)
casefile = join(tdir, 't_case9_opf')
verbose = 0#not quiet
t0 = 'PIPS : '
ppopt = ppoption(OPF_VIOLATION=1e-6, PDIPM_GRADTOL=1e-8,
PDIPM_COMPTOL=1e-8, PDIPM_COSTTOL=1e-9)
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, OUT_ALL=0, VERBOSE=verbose, OPF_ALG=560)
## set up indices
ib_data = r_[arange(BUS_AREA + 1), arange(BASE_KV, VMIN + 1)]
ib_voltage = arange(VM, VA + 1)
ib_lam = arange(LAM_P, LAM_Q + 1)
ib_mu = arange(MU_VMAX, MU_VMIN + 1)
ig_data = r_[[GEN_BUS, QMAX, QMIN], arange(MBASE, APF + 1)]
ig_disp = array([PG, QG, VG])
ig_mu = arange(MU_PMAX, MU_QMIN + 1)
ibr_data = arange(ANGMAX + 1)
ibr_flow = arange(PF, QT + 1)
ibr_mu = array([MU_SF, MU_ST])
ibr_angmu = array([MU_ANGMIN, MU_ANGMAX])
## get solved AC power flow case from MAT-file
soln9_opf = loadmat(join(tdir, 'soln9_opf.mat'), struct_as_record=True)
## defines bus_soln, gen_soln, branch_soln, f_soln
bus_soln = soln9_opf['bus_soln']
gen_soln = soln9_opf['gen_soln']
branch_soln = soln9_opf['branch_soln']
f_soln = soln9_opf['f_soln'][0]
## run OPF
t = t0
r = runopf(casefile, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch, f, success = \
r['bus'], r['gen'], r['branch'], r['f'], r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(f, f_soln, 3, [t, 'f'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_data ], bus_soln[:, ib_data ], 10, [t, 'bus data'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_voltage], bus_soln[:, ib_voltage], 3, [t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_lam ], bus_soln[:, ib_lam ], 3, [t, 'bus lambda'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_mu ], bus_soln[:, ib_mu ], 2, [t, 'bus mu'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_data ], gen_soln[:, ig_data ], 10, [t, 'gen data'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_disp ], gen_soln[:, ig_disp ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_mu ], gen_soln[:, ig_mu ], 3, [t, 'gen mu'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_data ], branch_soln[:, ibr_data ], 10, [t, 'branch data'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_flow ], branch_soln[:, ibr_flow ], 3, [t, 'branch flow'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_mu ], branch_soln[:, ibr_mu ], 2, [t, 'branch mu'])
## run with automatic conversion of single-block pwl to linear costs
t = ''.join([t0, '(single-block PWL) : '])
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
ppc['gencost'][2, NCOST] = 2
r = runopf(ppc, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch, f, success = \
r['bus'], r['gen'], r['branch'], r['f'], r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(f, f_soln, 3, [t, 'f'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_data ], bus_soln[:, ib_data ], 10, [t, 'bus data'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_voltage], bus_soln[:, ib_voltage], 3, [t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_lam ], bus_soln[:, ib_lam ], 3, [t, 'bus lambda'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_mu ], bus_soln[:, ib_mu ], 2, [t, 'bus mu'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_data ], gen_soln[:, ig_data ], 10, [t, 'gen data'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_disp ], gen_soln[:, ig_disp ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_mu ], gen_soln[:, ig_mu ], 3, [t, 'gen mu'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_data ], branch_soln[:, ibr_data ], 10, [t, 'branch data'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_flow ], branch_soln[:, ibr_flow ], 3, [t, 'branch flow'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_mu ], branch_soln[:, ibr_mu ], 2, [t, 'branch mu'])
xr = r_[r['var']['val']['Va'], r['var']['val']['Vm'], r['var']['val']['Pg'],
r['var']['val']['Qg'], 0, r['var']['val']['y']]
t_is(r['x'], xr, 8, [t, 'check on raw x returned from OPF'])
## get solved AC power flow case from MAT-file
soln9_opf_Plim = loadmat(join(tdir, 'soln9_opf_Plim.mat'), struct_as_record=True)
## defines bus_soln, gen_soln, branch_soln, f_soln
bus_soln = soln9_opf_Plim['bus_soln']
gen_soln = soln9_opf_Plim['gen_soln']
branch_soln = soln9_opf_Plim['branch_soln']
f_soln = soln9_opf_Plim['f_soln'][0]
## run OPF with active power line limits
t = ''.join([t0, '(P line lim) : '])
ppopt1 = ppoption(ppopt, OPF_FLOW_LIM=1)
r = runopf(casefile, ppopt1)
bus, gen, branch, f, success = \
r['bus'], r['gen'], r['branch'], r['f'], r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(f, f_soln, 3, [t, 'f'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_data ], bus_soln[:, ib_data ], 10, [t, 'bus data'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_voltage], bus_soln[:, ib_voltage], 3, [t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_lam ], bus_soln[:, ib_lam ], 3, [t, 'bus lambda'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_mu ], bus_soln[:, ib_mu ], 2, [t, 'bus mu'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_data ], gen_soln[:, ig_data ], 10, [t, 'gen data'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_disp ], gen_soln[:, ig_disp ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_mu ], gen_soln[:, ig_mu ], 3, [t, 'gen mu'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_data ], branch_soln[:, ibr_data ], 10, [t, 'branch data'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_flow ], branch_soln[:, ibr_flow ], 3, [t, 'branch flow'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_mu ], branch_soln[:, ibr_mu ], 2, [t, 'branch mu'])
##----- test OPF with quadratic gen costs moved to generalized costs -----
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
ppc['gencost'] = array([
[2, 1500, 0, 3, 0.11, 5, 0],
[2, 2000, 0, 3, 0.085, 1.2, 0],
[2, 3000, 0, 3, 0.1225, 1, 0]
])
r = runopf(ppc, ppopt)
bus_soln, gen_soln, branch_soln, f_soln, success = \
r['bus'], r['gen'], r['branch'], r['f'], r['success']
branch_soln = branch_soln[:, :MU_ST + 1]
A = None
l = array([])
u = array([])
nb = ppc['bus'].shape[0] # number of buses
ng = ppc['gen'].shape[0] # number of gens
thbas = 0; thend = thbas + nb
vbas = thend; vend = vbas + nb
pgbas = vend; pgend = pgbas + ng
# qgbas = pgend; qgend = qgbas + ng
nxyz = 2 * nb + 2 * ng
N = sparse((ppc['baseMVA'] * ones(ng), (arange(ng), arange(pgbas, pgend))), (ng, nxyz))
fparm = ones((ng, 1)) * array([[1, 0, 0, 1]])
ix = argsort(ppc['gen'][:, 0])
H = 2 * spdiags(ppc['gencost'][ix, 4], 0, ng, ng, 'csr')
Cw = ppc['gencost'][ix, 5]
ppc['gencost'][:, 4:7] = 0
## run OPF with quadratic gen costs moved to generalized costs
t = ''.join([t0, 'w/quadratic generalized gen cost : '])
r = opf(ppc, A, l, u, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw)
f, bus, gen, branch, success = \
r['f'], r['bus'], r['gen'], r['branch'], r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(f, f_soln, 3, [t, 'f'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_data ], bus_soln[:, ib_data ], 10, [t, 'bus data'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_voltage], bus_soln[:, ib_voltage], 3, [t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_lam ], bus_soln[:, ib_lam ], 3, [t, 'bus lambda'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_mu ], bus_soln[:, ib_mu ], 2, [t, 'bus mu'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_data ], gen_soln[:, ig_data ], 10, [t, 'gen data'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_disp ], gen_soln[:, ig_disp ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_mu ], gen_soln[:, ig_mu ], 3, [t, 'gen mu'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_data ], branch_soln[:, ibr_data ], 10, [t, 'branch data'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_flow ], branch_soln[:, ibr_flow ], 3, [t, 'branch flow'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_mu ], branch_soln[:, ibr_mu ], 2, [t, 'branch mu'])
t_is(r['cost']['usr'], f, 12, [t, 'user cost'])
##----- run OPF with extra linear user constraints & costs -----
## single new z variable constrained to be greater than or equal to
## deviation from 1 pu voltage at bus 1, linear cost on this z
## get solved AC power flow case from MAT-file
soln9_opf_extras1 = loadmat(join(tdir, 'soln9_opf_extras1.mat'), struct_as_record=True)
## defines bus_soln, gen_soln, branch_soln, f_soln
bus_soln = soln9_opf_extras1['bus_soln']
gen_soln = soln9_opf_extras1['gen_soln']
branch_soln = soln9_opf_extras1['branch_soln']
f_soln = soln9_opf_extras1['f_soln'][0]
row = [0, 0, 1, 1]
col = [9, 24, 9, 24]
A = sparse(([-1, 1, 1, 1], (row, col)), (2, 25))
u = array([Inf, Inf])
l = array([-1, 1])
N = sparse(([1], ([0], [24])), (1, 25)) ## new z variable only
fparm = array([[1, 0, 0, 1]]) ## w = r = z
H = sparse((1, 1)) ## no quadratic term
Cw = array([100.0])
t = ''.join([t0, 'w/extra constraints & costs 1 : '])
r = opf(casefile, A, l, u, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw)
f, bus, gen, branch, success = \
r['f'], r['bus'], r['gen'], r['branch'], r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(f, f_soln, 3, [t, 'f'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_data ], bus_soln[:, ib_data ], 10, [t, 'bus data'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_voltage], bus_soln[:, ib_voltage], 3, [t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_lam ], bus_soln[:, ib_lam ], 3, [t, 'bus lambda'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_mu ], bus_soln[:, ib_mu ], 2, [t, 'bus mu'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_data ], gen_soln[:, ig_data ], 10, [t, 'gen data'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_disp ], gen_soln[:, ig_disp ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_mu ], gen_soln[:, ig_mu ], 3, [t, 'gen mu'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_data ], branch_soln[:, ibr_data ], 10, [t, 'branch data'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_flow ], branch_soln[:, ibr_flow ], 3, [t, 'branch flow'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_mu ], branch_soln[:, ibr_mu ], 2, [t, 'branch mu'])
t_is(r['var']['val']['z'], 0.025419, 6, [t, 'user variable'])
t_is(r['cost']['usr'], 2.5419, 4, [t, 'user cost'])
##----- test OPF with capability curves -----
ppc = loadcase(join(tdir, 't_case9_opfv2'))
## remove angle diff limits
ppc['branch'][0, ANGMAX] = 360
ppc['branch'][8, ANGMIN] = -360
## get solved AC power flow case from MAT-file
soln9_opf_PQcap = loadmat(join(tdir, 'soln9_opf_PQcap.mat'), struct_as_record=True)
## defines bus_soln, gen_soln, branch_soln, f_soln
bus_soln = soln9_opf_PQcap['bus_soln']
gen_soln = soln9_opf_PQcap['gen_soln']
branch_soln = soln9_opf_PQcap['branch_soln']
f_soln = soln9_opf_PQcap['f_soln'][0]
## run OPF with capability curves
t = ''.join([t0, 'w/capability curves : '])
r = runopf(ppc, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch, f, success = \
r['bus'], r['gen'], r['branch'], r['f'], r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(f, f_soln, 3, [t, 'f'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_data ], bus_soln[:, ib_data ], 10, [t, 'bus data'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_voltage], bus_soln[:, ib_voltage], 3, [t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_lam ], bus_soln[:, ib_lam ], 3, [t, 'bus lambda'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_mu ], bus_soln[:, ib_mu ], 2, [t, 'bus mu'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_data ], gen_soln[:, ig_data ], 10, [t, 'gen data'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_disp ], gen_soln[:, ig_disp ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_mu ], gen_soln[:, ig_mu ], 3, [t, 'gen mu'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_data ], branch_soln[:, ibr_data ], 10, [t, 'branch data'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_flow ], branch_soln[:, ibr_flow ], 3, [t, 'branch flow'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_mu ], branch_soln[:, ibr_mu ], 2, [t, 'branch mu'])
##----- test OPF with angle difference limits -----
ppc = loadcase(join(tdir, 't_case9_opfv2'))
## remove capability curves
ppc['gen'][ix_(arange(1, 3),
[PC1, PC2, QC1MIN, QC1MAX, QC2MIN, QC2MAX])] = zeros((2, 6))
## get solved AC power flow case from MAT-file
soln9_opf_ang = loadmat(join(tdir, 'soln9_opf_ang.mat'), struct_as_record=True)
## defines bus_soln, gen_soln, branch_soln, f_soln
bus_soln = soln9_opf_ang['bus_soln']
gen_soln = soln9_opf_ang['gen_soln']
branch_soln = soln9_opf_ang['branch_soln']
f_soln = soln9_opf_ang['f_soln'][0]
## run OPF with angle difference limits
t = ''.join([t0, 'w/angle difference limits : '])
r = runopf(ppc, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch, f, success = \
r['bus'], r['gen'], r['branch'], r['f'], r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(f, f_soln, 3, [t, 'f'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_data ], bus_soln[:, ib_data ], 10, [t, 'bus data'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_voltage], bus_soln[:, ib_voltage], 3, [t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_lam ], bus_soln[:, ib_lam ], 3, [t, 'bus lambda'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_mu ], bus_soln[:, ib_mu ], 1, [t, 'bus mu'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_data ], gen_soln[:, ig_data ], 10, [t, 'gen data'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_disp ], gen_soln[:, ig_disp ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_mu ], gen_soln[:, ig_mu ], 3, [t, 'gen mu'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_data ], branch_soln[:, ibr_data ], 10, [t, 'branch data'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_flow ], branch_soln[:, ibr_flow ], 3, [t, 'branch flow'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_mu ], branch_soln[:, ibr_mu ], 2, [t, 'branch mu'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_angmu ], branch_soln[:, ibr_angmu ], 2, [t, 'branch angle mu'])
##----- test OPF with ignored angle difference limits -----
## get solved AC power flow case from MAT-file
soln9_opf = loadmat(join(tdir, 'soln9_opf.mat'), struct_as_record=True)
## defines bus_soln, gen_soln, branch_soln, f_soln
bus_soln = soln9_opf['bus_soln']
gen_soln = soln9_opf['gen_soln']
branch_soln = soln9_opf['branch_soln']
f_soln = soln9_opf['f_soln'][0]
## run OPF with ignored angle difference limits
t = ''.join([t0, 'w/ignored angle difference limits : '])
ppopt1 = ppoption(ppopt, OPF_IGNORE_ANG_LIM=1)
r = runopf(ppc, ppopt1)
bus, gen, branch, f, success = \
r['bus'], r['gen'], r['branch'], r['f'], r['success']
## ang limits are not in this solution data, so let's remove them
branch[0, ANGMAX] = 360
branch[8, ANGMIN] = -360
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(f, f_soln, 3, [t, 'f'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_data ], bus_soln[:, ib_data ], 10, [t, 'bus data'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_voltage], bus_soln[:, ib_voltage], 3, [t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_lam ], bus_soln[:, ib_lam ], 3, [t, 'bus lambda'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_mu ], bus_soln[:, ib_mu ], 2, [t, 'bus mu'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_data ], gen_soln[:, ig_data ], 10, [t, 'gen data'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_disp ], gen_soln[:, ig_disp ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_mu ], gen_soln[:, ig_mu ], 3, [t, 'gen mu'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_data ], branch_soln[:, ibr_data ], 10, [t, 'branch data'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_flow ], branch_soln[:, ibr_flow ], 3, [t, 'branch flow'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_mu ], branch_soln[:, ibr_mu ], 2, [t, 'branch mu'])
t_end()
from pypower.loadcase import loadcase
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
if __name__ == '__main__':
#########
# SETUP #
#########
print('-----------------------------')
print('PYPOWER-Dynamics - Motor Test')
print('-----------------------------')
# Load PYPOWER case
ppc = loadcase('test_case.py')
# Program options
dynopt = {}
dynopt['h'] = 0.01 # step length (s)
dynopt['t_sim'] = 10.0 # simulation time (s)
dynopt[
'max_err'] = 0.0001 # Maximum error in network iteration (voltage mismatches)
dynopt['max_iter'] = 25 # Maximum number of network iterations
dynopt['verbose'] = False # option for verbose messages
dynopt['fn'] = 50 # Nominal system frequency (Hz)
# Integrator option
dynopt['iopt'] = 'mod_euler'
#dynopt['iopt'] = 'runge_kutta'
def t_scale_load(quiet=False):
"""Tests for code in C{scale_load}.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
"""
n_tests = 275
t_begin(n_tests, quiet)
ppc = loadcase(join(dirname(__file__), 't_auction_case'))
ppc['gen'][7, GEN_BUS] = 2 ## multiple d. loads per area, same bus as gen
ppc['gen'][7, [QG, QMIN, QMAX]] = array([3, 0, 3])
## put it load before gen in matrix
ppc['gen'] = vstack(
[ppc['gen'][7, :], ppc['gen'][:7, :], ppc['gen'][8, :]])
ld = find(isload(ppc['gen']))
a = [None] * 3
lda = [None] * 3
for k in range(3):
a[k] = find(ppc['bus'][:, BUS_AREA] == k + 1) ## buses in area k
tmp = find(in1d(ppc['gen'][ld, GEN_BUS] - 1, a[k]))
lda[k] = ld[tmp] ## disp loads in area k
area = [None] * 3
for k in range(3):
area[k] = {'fixed': {}, 'disp': {}, 'both': {}}
area[k]['fixed']['p'] = sum(ppc['bus'][a[k], PD])
area[k]['fixed']['q'] = sum(ppc['bus'][a[k], QD])
area[k]['disp']['p'] = -sum(ppc['gen'][lda[k], PMIN])
area[k]['disp']['qmin'] = -sum(ppc['gen'][lda[k], QMIN])
area[k]['disp']['qmax'] = -sum(ppc['gen'][lda[k], QMAX])
area[k]['disp'][
'q'] = area[k]['disp']['qmin'] + area[k]['disp']['qmax']
area[k]['both']['p'] = area[k]['fixed']['p'] + area[k]['disp']['p']
area[k]['both']['q'] = area[k]['fixed']['q'] + area[k]['disp']['q']
total = {'fixed': {}, 'disp': {}, 'both': {}}
total['fixed']['p'] = sum(ppc['bus'][:, PD])
total['fixed']['q'] = sum(ppc['bus'][:, QD])
total['disp']['p'] = -sum(ppc['gen'][ld, PMIN])
total['disp']['qmin'] = -sum(ppc['gen'][ld, QMIN])
total['disp']['qmax'] = -sum(ppc['gen'][ld, QMAX])
total['disp']['q'] = total['disp']['qmin'] + total['disp']['qmax']
total['both']['p'] = total['fixed']['p'] + total['disp']['p']
total['both']['q'] = total['fixed']['q'] + total['disp']['q']
##----- single load zone, one scale factor -----
load = array([2])
t = 'all fixed loads (PQ) * 2 : '
bus, _ = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), load * total['fixed']['p'], 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), load * total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
opt = {'which': 'FIXED'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), load * total['fixed']['p'], 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), load * total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, PMIN]), total['disp']['p'], 8, [t, 'total disp P'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMIN]), total['disp']['qmin'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmin'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMAX]), total['disp']['qmax'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmax'])
t = 'all fixed loads (P) * 2 : '
opt = {'pq': 'P'}
bus, _ = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], None, None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), load * total['fixed']['p'], 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
opt = {'pq': 'P', 'which': 'FIXED'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), load * total['fixed']['p'], 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, PMIN]), total['disp']['p'], 8, [t, 'total disp P'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMIN]), total['disp']['qmin'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmin'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMAX]), total['disp']['qmax'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmax'])
t = 'all loads (PQ) * 2 : '
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), load * total['fixed']['p'], 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), load * total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, PMIN]), load * total['disp']['p'], 8,
[t, 'total disp P'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMIN]), load * total['disp']['qmin'], 8,
[t, 'total disp Qmin'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMAX]), load * total['disp']['qmax'], 8,
[t, 'total disp Qmax'])
t = 'all loads (P) * 2 : '
opt = {'pq': 'P'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), load * total['fixed']['p'], 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, PMIN]), load * total['disp']['p'], 8,
[t, 'total disp P'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMIN]), total['disp']['qmin'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmin'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMAX]), total['disp']['qmax'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmax'])
t = 'all disp loads (PQ) * 2 : '
opt = {'which': 'DISPATCHABLE'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), total['fixed']['p'], 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, PMIN]), load * total['disp']['p'], 8,
[t, 'total disp P'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMIN]), load * total['disp']['qmin'], 8,
[t, 'total disp Qmin'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMAX]), load * total['disp']['qmax'], 8,
[t, 'total disp Qmax'])
t = 'all disp loads (P) * 2 : '
opt = {'pq': 'P', 'which': 'DISPATCHABLE'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), total['fixed']['p'], 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, PMIN]), load * total['disp']['p'], 8,
[t, 'total disp P'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMIN]), total['disp']['qmin'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmin'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMAX]), total['disp']['qmax'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmax'])
##----- single load zone, one scale quantity -----
load = array([200.0])
t = 'all fixed loads (PQ) => total = 200 : '
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY'}
bus, _ = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], None, None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), load, 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), load / total['fixed']['p'] * total['fixed']['q'], 8,
[t, 'total fixed Q'])
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY', 'which': 'FIXED'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), load - total['disp']['p'], 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), (load - total['disp']['p']) / total['fixed']['p'] *
total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, PMIN]), total['disp']['p'], 8, [t, 'total disp P'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMIN]), total['disp']['qmin'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmin'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMAX]), total['disp']['qmax'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmax'])
t = 'all fixed loads (P) => total = 200 : '
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY', 'pq': 'P'}
bus, _ = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], None, None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), load, 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY', 'pq': 'P', 'which': 'FIXED'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), load - total['disp']['p'], 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, PMIN]), total['disp']['p'], 8, [t, 'total disp P'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMIN]), total['disp']['qmin'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmin'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMAX]), total['disp']['qmax'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmax'])
t = 'all loads (PQ) => total = 200 : '
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), load / total['both']['p'] * total['fixed']['p'], 8,
[t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), load / total['both']['p'] * total['fixed']['q'], 8,
[t, 'total fixed Q'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, PMIN]), load / total['both']['p'] * total['disp']['p'],
8, [t, 'total disp P'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMIN]),
load / total['both']['p'] * total['disp']['qmin'], 8,
[t, 'total disp Qmin'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMAX]),
load / total['both']['p'] * total['disp']['qmax'], 8,
[t, 'total disp Qmax'])
t = 'all loads (P) => total = 200 : '
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY', 'pq': 'P'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), load / total['both']['p'] * total['fixed']['p'], 8,
[t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, PMIN]), load / total['both']['p'] * total['disp']['p'],
8, [t, 'total disp P'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMIN]), total['disp']['qmin'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmin'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMAX]), total['disp']['qmax'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmax'])
t = 'all disp loads (PQ) => total = 200 : '
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY', 'which': 'DISPATCHABLE'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), total['fixed']['p'], 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, PMIN]), load - total['fixed']['p'], 8,
[t, 'total disp P'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMIN]), (load - total['fixed']['p']) /
total['disp']['p'] * total['disp']['qmin'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmin'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMAX]), (load - total['fixed']['p']) /
total['disp']['p'] * total['disp']['qmax'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmax'])
t = 'all disp loads (P) => total = 200 : '
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY', 'pq': 'P', 'which': 'DISPATCHABLE'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), total['fixed']['p'], 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, PMIN]), load - total['fixed']['p'], 8,
[t, 'total disp P'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMIN]), total['disp']['qmin'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmin'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMAX]), total['disp']['qmax'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmax'])
##----- 3 zones, area scale factors -----
t = 'area fixed loads (PQ) * [3 2 1] : '
load = array([3, 2, 1])
bus, _ = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'])
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), load[k] * area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), load[k] * area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
opt = {'which': 'FIXED'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), load[k] * area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), load[k] * area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], PMIN]), area[k]['disp']['p'], 8,
'%s area %d disp P' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMIN]), area[k]['disp']['qmin'], 8,
'%s area %d disp Qmin' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMAX]), area[k]['disp']['qmax'], 8,
'%s area %d disp Qmax' % (t, k))
t = 'area fixed loads (P) * [3 2 1] : '
load = array([3, 2, 1])
opt = {'pq': 'P'}
bus, _ = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], None, None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), load[k] * area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
opt = {'pq': 'P', 'which': 'FIXED'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), load[k] * area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], PMIN]), area[k]['disp']['p'], 8,
'%s area %d disp P' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMIN]), area[k]['disp']['qmin'], 8,
'%s area %d disp Qmin' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMAX]), area[k]['disp']['qmax'], 8,
'%s area %d disp Qmax' % (t, k))
t = 'all area loads (PQ) * [3 2 1] : '
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'])
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), load[k] * area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), load[k] * area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], PMIN]), load[k] * area[k]['disp']['p'], 8,
'%s area %d disp P' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMIN]), load[k] * area[k]['disp']['qmin'], 8,
'%s area %d disp Qmin' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMAX]), load[k] * area[k]['disp']['qmax'], 8,
'%s area %d disp Qmax' % (t, k))
t = 'all area loads (P) * [3 2 1] : '
opt = {'pq': 'P'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), load[k] * area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], PMIN]), load[k] * area[k]['disp']['p'], 8,
'%s area %d disp P' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMIN]), area[k]['disp']['qmin'], 8,
'%s area %d disp Qmin' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMAX]), area[k]['disp']['qmax'], 8,
'%s area %d disp Qmax' % (t, k))
t = 'area disp loads (PQ) * [3 2 1] : '
opt = {'which': 'DISPATCHABLE'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], PMIN]), load[k] * area[k]['disp']['p'], 8,
'%s area %d disp P' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMIN]), load[k] * area[k]['disp']['qmin'], 8,
'%s area %d disp Qmin' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMAX]), load[k] * area[k]['disp']['qmax'], 8,
'%s area %d disp Qmax' % (t, k))
t = 'area disp loads (P) * [3 2 1] : '
opt = {'pq': 'P', 'which': 'DISPATCHABLE'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], PMIN]), load[k] * area[k]['disp']['p'], 8,
'%s area %d disp P' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMIN]), area[k]['disp']['qmin'], 8,
'%s area %d disp Qmin' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMAX]), area[k]['disp']['qmax'], 8,
'%s area %d disp Qmax' % (t, k))
##----- 3 zones, area scale quantities -----
t = 'area fixed loads (PQ) => total = [100 80 60] : '
load = array([100, 80, 60], float)
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY'}
bus, _ = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], None, None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), load[k], 8, '%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]),
load[k] / area[k]['fixed']['p'] * area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY', 'which': 'FIXED'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), load[k] - area[k]['disp']['p'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), (load[k] - area[k]['disp']['p']) /
area[k]['fixed']['p'] * area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], PMIN]), area[k]['disp']['p'], 8,
'%s area %d disp P' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMIN]), area[k]['disp']['qmin'], 8,
'%s area %d disp Qmin' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMAX]), area[k]['disp']['qmax'], 8,
'%s area %d disp Qmax' % (t, k))
t = 'area fixed loads (P) => total = [100 80 60] : '
load = array([100, 80, 60], float)
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY', 'pq': 'P'}
bus, _ = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], None, None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), load[k], 8, '%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY', 'pq': 'P', 'which': 'FIXED'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), load[k] - area[k]['disp']['p'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], PMIN]), area[k]['disp']['p'], 8,
'%s area %d disp P' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMIN]), area[k]['disp']['qmin'], 8,
'%s area %d disp Qmin' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMAX]), area[k]['disp']['qmax'], 8,
'%s area %d disp Qmax' % (t, k))
t = 'all area loads (PQ) => total = [100 80 60] : '
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]),
load[k] / area[k]['both']['p'] * area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]),
load[k] / area[k]['both']['p'] * area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], PMIN]),
load[k] / area[k]['both']['p'] * area[k]['disp']['p'], 8,
'%s area %d disp P' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMIN]),
load[k] / area[k]['both']['p'] * area[k]['disp']['qmin'], 8,
'%s area %d disp Qmin' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMAX]),
load[k] / area[k]['both']['p'] * area[k]['disp']['qmax'], 8,
'%s area %d disp Qmax' % (t, k))
t = 'all area loads (P) => total = [100 80 60] : '
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY', 'pq': 'P'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]),
load[k] / area[k]['both']['p'] * area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], PMIN]),
load[k] / area[k]['both']['p'] * area[k]['disp']['p'], 8,
'%s area %d disp P' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMIN]), area[k]['disp']['qmin'], 8,
'%s area %d disp Qmin' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMAX]), area[k]['disp']['qmax'], 8,
'%s area %d disp Qmax' % (t, k))
t = 'area disp loads (PQ) => total = [100 80 60] : throws expected exception'
load = array([100, 80, 60], float)
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY', 'which': 'DISPATCHABLE'}
err = 0
try:
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
except ScalingError as e:
expected = 'scale_load: impossible to make zone 2 load equal 80 by scaling non-existent dispatchable load'
err = expected not in str(e)
t_ok(err, t)
t = 'area disp loads (PQ) => total = [100 74.3941 60] : '
load = array([100, area[1]['fixed']['p'], 60], float)
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY', 'which': 'DISPATCHABLE'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], PMIN]), load[k] - area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8,
'%s area %d disp P' % (t, k))
if k == 1:
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMIN]), area[k]['disp']['qmin'], 8,
'%s area %d disp Qmin' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMAX]), area[k]['disp']['qmax'], 8,
'%s area %d disp Qmax' % (t, k))
else:
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMIN]), (load[k] - area[k]['fixed']['p']) /
area[k]['disp']['p'] * area[k]['disp']['qmin'], 8,
'%s area %d disp Qmin' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMAX]), (load[k] - area[k]['fixed']['p']) /
area[k]['disp']['p'] * area[k]['disp']['qmax'], 8,
'%s area %d disp Qmax' % (t, k))
t = 'area disp loads (P) => total = [100 74.3941 60] : '
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY', 'pq': 'P', 'which': 'DISPATCHABLE'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8,
'%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], PMIN]), load[k] - area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8,
'%s area %d disp P' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMIN]), area[k]['disp']['qmin'], 8,
'%s area %d disp Qmin' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMAX]), area[k]['disp']['qmax'], 8,
'%s area %d disp Qmax' % (t, k))
##----- explict single load zone -----
t = 'explicit single load zone'
load_zone = zeros(ppc['bus'].shape[0])
load_zone[[2, 3]] = 1
load = array([2.0])
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone)
Pd = ppc['bus'][:, PD]
Pd[[2, 3]] = load * Pd[[2, 3]]
t_is(bus[:, PD], Pd, 8, t)
##----- explict multiple load zone -----
t = 'explicit multiple load zone'
load_zone = zeros(ppc['bus'].shape[0])
load_zone[[2, 3]] = 1
load_zone[[6, 7]] = 2
load = array([2, 0.5])
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone)
Pd = ppc['bus'][:, PD]
Pd[[2, 3]] = load[0] * Pd[[2, 3]]
Pd[[6, 7]] = load[1] * Pd[[6, 7]]
t_is(bus[:, PD], Pd, 8, t)
t_end()
def t_total_load(quiet=False):
"""Tests for code in C{total_load}.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
@author: Richard Lincoln
"""
n_tests = 48
t_begin(n_tests, quiet)
ppc = loadcase(join(dirname(__file__), 't_auction_case'))
ppc['gen'][7, GEN_BUS] = 2 ## multiple d. loads per area, same bus as gen
ppc['gen'][7, [QG, QMIN, QMAX]] = array([3, 0, 3])
## put it load before gen in matrix
ppc['gen'] = vstack(
[ppc['gen'][7, :], ppc['gen'][:7, :], ppc['gen'][8, :]])
ld = find(isload(ppc['gen']))
a = [None] * 3
lda = [None] * 3
for k in range(3):
a[k] = find(ppc['bus'][:, BUS_AREA] == k + 1) ## buses in area k
tmp = find(in1d(ppc['gen'][ld, GEN_BUS] - 1, a[k]))
lda[k] = ld[tmp] ## disp loads in area k
area = [None] * 3
for k in range(3):
area[k] = {'fixed': {}, 'disp': {}, 'both': {}}
area[k]['fixed']['p'] = sum(ppc['bus'][a[k], PD])
area[k]['fixed']['q'] = sum(ppc['bus'][a[k], QD])
area[k]['disp']['p'] = -sum(ppc['gen'][lda[k], PMIN])
area[k]['disp']['qmin'] = -sum(ppc['gen'][lda[k], QMIN])
area[k]['disp']['qmax'] = -sum(ppc['gen'][lda[k], QMAX])
area[k]['disp'][
'q'] = area[k]['disp']['qmin'] + area[k]['disp']['qmax']
area[k]['both']['p'] = area[k]['fixed']['p'] + area[k]['disp']['p']
area[k]['both']['q'] = area[k]['fixed']['q'] + area[k]['disp']['q']
total = {'fixed': {}, 'disp': {}, 'both': {}}
total['fixed']['p'] = sum(ppc['bus'][:, PD])
total['fixed']['q'] = sum(ppc['bus'][:, QD])
total['disp']['p'] = -sum(ppc['gen'][ld, PMIN])
total['disp']['qmin'] = -sum(ppc['gen'][ld, QMIN])
total['disp']['qmax'] = -sum(ppc['gen'][ld, QMAX])
total['disp']['q'] = total['disp']['qmin'] + total['disp']['qmax']
total['both']['p'] = total['fixed']['p'] + total['disp']['p']
total['both']['q'] = total['fixed']['q'] + total['disp']['q']
##----- all load -----
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus) : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'])
t_is(Pd,
[area[0]['fixed']['p'], area[1]['fixed']['p'], area[2]['fixed']['p']],
12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus) : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'])
t_is(Pd,
[area[0]['fixed']['p'], area[1]['fixed']['p'], area[2]['fixed']['p']],
12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd,
[area[0]['fixed']['q'], area[1]['fixed']['q'], area[2]['fixed']['q']],
12, [t, 'Qd'])
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen) : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'])
t_is(Pd,
[area[0]['both']['p'], area[1]['both']['p'], area[2]['both']['p']],
12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen) : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'])
t_is(Pd,
[area[0]['both']['p'], area[1]['both']['p'], area[2]['both']['p']],
12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd,
[area[0]['both']['q'], area[1]['both']['q'], area[2]['both']['q']],
12, [t, 'Qd'])
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, None, \'all\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], None, 'all')
t_is(Pd, total['fixed']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, None, \'all\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], None, 'all')
t_is(Pd, total['fixed']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, total['fixed']['q'], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen, \'all\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], 'all')
t_is(Pd, total['both']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen, \'all\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], 'all')
t_is(Pd, total['both']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, total['both']['q'], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen, \'all\', \'BOTH\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], 'all', 'BOTH')
t_is(Pd, total['both']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen, \'all\', \'BOTH\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], 'all', 'BOTH')
t_is(Pd, total['both']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, total['both']['q'], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen, \'all\', \'FIXED\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], 'all', 'FIXED')
t_is(Pd, total['fixed']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen, \'all\', \'FIXED\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], 'all', 'FIXED')
t_is(Pd, total['fixed']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, total['fixed']['q'], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen, \'all\', \'DISPATCHABLE\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], 'all', 'DISPATCHABLE')
t_is(Pd, total['disp']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen, \'all\', \'DISPATCHABLE\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], 'all', 'DISPATCHABLE')
t_is(Pd, total['disp']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, total['disp']['q'], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen, None, \'BOTH\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, 'BOTH')
t_is(Pd, r_[area[0]['both']['p'], area[1]['both']['p'],
area[2]['both']['p']], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen, None, \'BOTH\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, 'BOTH')
t_is(Pd,
[area[0]['both']['p'], area[1]['both']['p'], area[2]['both']['p']],
12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd,
[area[0]['both']['q'], area[1]['both']['q'], area[2]['both']['q']],
12, [t, 'Qd'])
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen, None, \'FIXED\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, 'FIXED')
t_is(Pd,
[area[0]['fixed']['p'], area[1]['fixed']['p'], area[2]['fixed']['p']],
12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen, None, \'FIXED\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, 'FIXED')
t_is(Pd,
[area[0]['fixed']['p'], area[1]['fixed']['p'], area[2]['fixed']['p']],
12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd,
[area[0]['fixed']['q'], area[1]['fixed']['q'], area[2]['fixed']['q']],
12, [t, 'Qd'])
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen, None, \'DISPATCHABLE\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, 'DISPATCHABLE')
t_is(Pd,
[area[0]['disp']['p'], area[1]['disp']['p'], area[2]['disp']['p']],
12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen, None, \'DISPATCHABLE\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, 'DISPATCHABLE')
t_is(Pd,
[area[0]['disp']['p'], area[1]['disp']['p'], area[2]['disp']['p']],
12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd,
[area[0]['disp']['q'], area[1]['disp']['q'], area[2]['disp']['q']],
12, [t, 'Qd'])
##----- explicit single load zone -----
nb = ppc['bus'].shape[0]
load_zone = zeros(nb, int)
k = find(ppc['bus'][:, BUS_AREA] == 2) ## area 2
load_zone[k] = 1
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen, load_zone1, \'BOTH\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone, 'BOTH')
t_is(Pd, area[1]['both']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen, load_zone1, \'BOTH\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone, 'BOTH')
t_is(Pd, area[1]['both']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, area[1]['both']['q'], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen, load_zone1, \'FIXED\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone, 'FIXED')
t_is(Pd, area[1]['fixed']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen, load_zone1, \'FIXED\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone, 'FIXED')
t_is(Pd, area[1]['fixed']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, area[1]['fixed']['q'], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen, load_zone1, \'DISPATCHABLE\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone, 'DISPATCHABLE')
t_is(Pd, area[1]['disp']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen, load_zone1, \'DISPATCHABLE\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone, 'DISPATCHABLE')
t_is(Pd, area[1]['disp']['p'], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, area[1]['disp']['q'], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
##----- explicit multiple load zone -----
load_zone = zeros(nb, int)
k = find(ppc['bus'][:, BUS_AREA] == 3) ## area 3
load_zone[k] = 1
k = find(ppc['bus'][:, BUS_AREA] == 1) ## area 1
load_zone[k] = 2
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen, load_zone2, \'BOTH\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone, 'BOTH')
t_is(Pd, [area[2]['both']['p'], area[0]['both']['p']], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen, load_zone2, \'BOTH\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone, 'BOTH')
t_is(Pd, [area[2]['both']['p'], area[0]['both']['p']], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, [area[2]['both']['q'], area[0]['both']['q']], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen, load_zone2, \'FIXED\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone, 'FIXED')
t_is(Pd, [area[2]['fixed']['p'], area[0]['fixed']['p']], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen, load_zone2, \'FIXED\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone, 'FIXED')
t_is(Pd, [area[2]['fixed']['p'], area[0]['fixed']['p']], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, [area[2]['fixed']['q'], area[0]['fixed']['q']], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
t = 'Pd, _ = total_load(bus, gen, load_zone2, \'DISPATCHABLE\') : '
Pd, _ = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone, 'DISPATCHABLE')
t_is(Pd, [area[2]['disp']['p'], area[0]['disp']['p']], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t = 'Pd, Qd = total_load(bus, gen, load_zone2, \'DISPATCHABLE\') : '
Pd, Qd = total_load(ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone, 'DISPATCHABLE')
t_is(Pd, [area[2]['disp']['p'], area[0]['disp']['p']], 12, [t, 'Pd'])
t_is(Qd, [area[2]['disp']['q'], area[0]['disp']['q']], 12, [t, 'Qd'])
t_end()
def t_dcline(quiet=False):
"""Tests for DC line extension in L{{toggle_dcline}.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
@author: Richard Lincoln
"""
num_tests = 50
t_begin(num_tests, quiet)
tdir = dirname(__file__)
casefile = join(tdir, 't_case9_dcline')
if quiet:
verbose = False
else:
verbose = False
t0 = ''
ppopt = ppoption(OPF_VIOLATION=1e-6, PDIPM_GRADTOL=1e-8,
PDIPM_COMPTOL=1e-8, PDIPM_COSTTOL=1e-9)
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, OPF_ALG=560, OPF_ALG_DC=200)
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, OUT_ALL=0, VERBOSE=verbose)
## set up indices
ib_data = r_[arange(BUS_AREA + 1), arange(BASE_KV, VMIN + 1)]
ib_voltage = arange(VM, VA + 1)
ib_lam = arange(LAM_P, LAM_Q + 1)
ib_mu = arange(MU_VMAX, MU_VMIN + 1)
ig_data = r_[[GEN_BUS, QMAX, QMIN], arange(MBASE, APF + 1)]
ig_disp = array([PG, QG, VG])
ig_mu = arange(MU_PMAX, MU_QMIN + 1)
ibr_data = arange(ANGMAX + 1)
ibr_flow = arange(PF, QT + 1)
ibr_mu = array([MU_SF, MU_ST])
ibr_angmu = array([MU_ANGMIN, MU_ANGMAX])
## load case
ppc0 = loadcase(casefile)
del ppc0['dclinecost']
ppc = ppc0
ppc = toggle_dcline(ppc, 'on')
ppc = toggle_dcline(ppc, 'off')
ndc = ppc['dcline'].shape[0]
## run AC OPF w/o DC lines
t = ''.join([t0, 'AC OPF (no DC lines) : '])
r0 = runopf(ppc0, ppopt)
success = r0['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
r = runopf(ppc, ppopt)
success = r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(r['f'], r0['f'], 8, [t, 'f'])
t_is( r['bus'][:,ib_data ], r0['bus'][:,ib_data ], 10, [t, 'bus data'])
t_is( r['bus'][:,ib_voltage], r0['bus'][:,ib_voltage], 3, [t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is( r['bus'][:,ib_lam ], r0['bus'][:,ib_lam ], 3, [t, 'bus lambda'])
t_is( r['bus'][:,ib_mu ], r0['bus'][:,ib_mu ], 2, [t, 'bus mu'])
t_is( r['gen'][:,ig_data ], r0['gen'][:,ig_data ], 10, [t, 'gen data'])
t_is( r['gen'][:,ig_disp ], r0['gen'][:,ig_disp ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is( r['gen'][:,ig_mu ], r0['gen'][:,ig_mu ], 3, [t, 'gen mu'])
t_is(r['branch'][:,ibr_data ], r0['branch'][:,ibr_data ], 10, [t, 'branch data'])
t_is(r['branch'][:,ibr_flow ], r0['branch'][:,ibr_flow ], 3, [t, 'branch flow'])
t_is(r['branch'][:,ibr_mu ], r0['branch'][:,ibr_mu ], 2, [t, 'branch mu'])
t = ''.join([t0, 'AC PF (no DC lines) : '])
ppc1 = {'baseMVA': r['baseMVA'],
'bus': r['bus'][:, :VMIN + 1].copy(),
'gen': r['gen'][:, :APF + 1].copy(),
'branch': r['branch'][:, :ANGMAX + 1].copy(),
'gencost': r['gencost'].copy(),
'dcline': r['dcline'][:, :c.LOSS1 + 1].copy()}
ppc1['bus'][:, VM] = 1
ppc1['bus'][:, VA] = 0
rp = runpf(ppc1, ppopt)
success = rp['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is( rp['bus'][:,ib_voltage], r['bus'][:,ib_voltage], 3, [t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is( rp['gen'][:,ig_disp ], r['gen'][:,ig_disp ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is(rp['branch'][:,ibr_flow ], r['branch'][:,ibr_flow ], 3, [t, 'branch flow'])
## run with DC lines
t = ''.join([t0, 'AC OPF (with DC lines) : '])
ppc = toggle_dcline(ppc, 'on')
r = runopf(ppc, ppopt)
success = r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
expected = array([
[10, 8.9, -10, 10, 1.0674, 1.0935],
[2.2776, 2.2776, 0, 0, 1.0818, 1.0665],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 1.0000, 1.0000],
[10, 9.5, 0.0563, -10, 1.0778, 1.0665]
])
t_is(r['dcline'][:, c.PF:c.VT + 1], expected, 4, [t, 'P Q V'])
expected = array([
[0, 0.8490, 0.6165, 0, 0, 0.2938],
[0, 0, 0, 0.4290, 0.0739, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 7.2209, 0, 0, 0.0739, 0]
])
t_is(r['dcline'][:, c.MU_PMIN:c.MU_QMAXT + 1], expected, 3, [t, 'mu'])
t = ''.join([t0, 'AC PF (with DC lines) : '])
ppc1 = {'baseMVA': r['baseMVA'],
'bus': r['bus'][:, :VMIN + 1].copy(),
'gen': r['gen'][:, :APF + 1].copy(),
'branch': r['branch'][:, :ANGMAX + 1].copy(),
'gencost': r['gencost'].copy(),
'dcline': r['dcline'][:, :c.LOSS1 + 1].copy()}
ppc1 = toggle_dcline(ppc1, 'on')
ppc1['bus'][:, VM] = 1
ppc1['bus'][:, VA] = 0
rp = runpf(ppc1, ppopt)
success = rp['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is( rp['bus'][:,ib_voltage], r['bus'][:,ib_voltage], 3, [t, 'bus voltage'])
#t_is( rp['gen'][:,ig_disp ], r['gen'][:,ig_disp ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is( rp['gen'][:2,ig_disp ], r['gen'][:2,ig_disp ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is( rp['gen'][2,PG ], r['gen'][2,PG ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is( rp['gen'][2,QG]+rp['dcline'][0,c.QF], r['gen'][2,QG]+r['dcline'][0,c.QF], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is(rp['branch'][:,ibr_flow ], r['branch'][:,ibr_flow ], 3, [t, 'branch flow'])
## add appropriate P and Q injections and check angles and generation when running PF
t = ''.join([t0, 'AC PF (with equivalent injections) : '])
ppc1 = {'baseMVA': r['baseMVA'],
'bus': r['bus'][:, :VMIN + 1].copy(),
'gen': r['gen'][:, :APF + 1].copy(),
'branch': r['branch'][:, :ANGMAX + 1].copy(),
'gencost': r['gencost'].copy(),
'dcline': r['dcline'][:, :c.LOSS1 + 1].copy()}
ppc1['bus'][:, VM] = 1
ppc1['bus'][:, VA] = 0
for k in range(ndc):
if ppc1['dcline'][k, c.BR_STATUS]:
ff = find(ppc1['bus'][:, BUS_I] == ppc1['dcline'][k, c.F_BUS])
tt = find(ppc1['bus'][:, BUS_I] == ppc1['dcline'][k, c.T_BUS])
ppc1['bus'][ff, PD] = ppc1['bus'][ff, PD] + r['dcline'][k, c.PF]
ppc1['bus'][ff, QD] = ppc1['bus'][ff, QD] - r['dcline'][k, c.QF]
ppc1['bus'][tt, PD] = ppc1['bus'][tt, PD] - r['dcline'][k, c.PT]
ppc1['bus'][tt, QD] = ppc1['bus'][tt, QD] - r['dcline'][k, c.QT]
ppc1['bus'][ff, VM] = r['dcline'][k, c.VF]
ppc1['bus'][tt, VM] = r['dcline'][k, c.VT]
ppc1['bus'][ff, BUS_TYPE] = PV
ppc1['bus'][tt, BUS_TYPE] = PV
rp = runpf(ppc1, ppopt)
success = rp['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is( rp['bus'][:,ib_voltage], r['bus'][:,ib_voltage], 3, [t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is( rp['gen'][:,ig_disp ], r['gen'][:,ig_disp ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is(rp['branch'][:,ibr_flow ], r['branch'][:,ibr_flow ], 3, [t, 'branch flow'])
## test DC OPF
t = ''.join([t0, 'DC OPF (with DC lines) : '])
ppc = ppc0.copy()
ppc['gen'][0, PMIN] = 10
ppc['branch'][4, RATE_A] = 100
ppc = toggle_dcline(ppc, 'on')
r = rundcopf(ppc, ppopt)
success = r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
expected = array([
[10, 8.9, 0, 0, 1.01, 1],
[2, 2, 0, 0, 1, 1],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1],
[10, 9.5, 0, 0, 1, 0.98]
])
t_is(r['dcline'][:, c.PF:c.VT + 1], expected, 4, [t, 'P Q V'])
expected = array([
[0, 1.8602, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[1.8507, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0.2681, 0, 0, 0, 0]
])
t_is(r['dcline'][:, c.MU_PMIN:c.MU_QMAXT + 1], expected, 3, [t, 'mu'])
t = ''.join([t0, 'DC PF (with DC lines) : '])
ppc1 = {'baseMVA': r['baseMVA'],
'bus': r['bus'][:, :VMIN + 1].copy(),
'gen': r['gen'][:, :APF + 1].copy(),
'branch': r['branch'][:, :ANGMAX + 1].copy(),
'gencost': r['gencost'].copy(),
'dcline': r['dcline'][:, :c.LOSS1 + 1].copy()}
ppc1 = toggle_dcline(ppc1, 'on')
ppc1['bus'][:, VA] = 0
rp = rundcpf(ppc1, ppopt)
success = rp['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is( rp['bus'][:,ib_voltage], r['bus'][:,ib_voltage], 3, [t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is( rp['gen'][:,ig_disp ], r['gen'][:,ig_disp ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is(rp['branch'][:,ibr_flow ], r['branch'][:,ibr_flow ], 3, [t, 'branch flow'])
## add appropriate P injections and check angles and generation when running PF
t = ''.join([t0, 'DC PF (with equivalent injections) : '])
ppc1 = {'baseMVA': r['baseMVA'],
'bus': r['bus'][:, :VMIN + 1].copy(),
'gen': r['gen'][:, :APF + 1].copy(),
'branch': r['branch'][:, :ANGMAX + 1].copy(),
'gencost': r['gencost'].copy(),
'dcline': r['dcline'][:, :c.LOSS1 + 1].copy()}
ppc1['bus'][:, VA] = 0
for k in range(ndc):
if ppc1['dcline'][k, c.BR_STATUS]:
ff = find(ppc1['bus'][:, BUS_I] == ppc1['dcline'][k, c.F_BUS])
tt = find(ppc1['bus'][:, BUS_I] == ppc1['dcline'][k, c.T_BUS])
ppc1['bus'][ff, PD] = ppc1['bus'][ff, PD] + r['dcline'][k, c.PF]
ppc1['bus'][tt, PD] = ppc1['bus'][tt, PD] - r['dcline'][k, c.PT]
ppc1['bus'][ff, BUS_TYPE] = PV
ppc1['bus'][tt, BUS_TYPE] = PV
rp = rundcpf(ppc1, ppopt)
success = rp['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is( rp['bus'][:,ib_voltage], r['bus'][:,ib_voltage], 3, [t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is( rp['gen'][:,ig_disp ], r['gen'][:,ig_disp ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is(rp['branch'][:,ibr_flow ], r['branch'][:,ibr_flow ], 3, [t, 'branch flow'])
## run with DC lines
t = ''.join([t0, 'AC OPF (with DC lines + poly cost) : '])
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
ppc = toggle_dcline(ppc, 'on')
r = runopf(ppc, ppopt)
success = r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
expected1 = array([
[10, 8.9, -10, 10, 1.0663, 1.0936],
[7.8429, 7.8429, 0, 0, 1.0809, 1.0667],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 1.0000, 1.0000],
[6.0549, 5.7522, -0.5897, -10, 1.0778, 1.0667]
])
t_is(r['dcline'][:, c.PF:c.VT + 1], expected1, 4, [t, 'P Q V'])
expected2 = array([
[0, 0.7605, 0.6226, 0, 0, 0.2980],
[0, 0, 0, 0.4275, 0.0792, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0792, 0]
])
t_is(r['dcline'][:, c.MU_PMIN:c.MU_QMAXT + 1], expected2, 3, [t, 'mu'])
ppc['dclinecost'][3, :8] = array([2, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 7.3, 0])
r = runopf(ppc, ppopt)
success = r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(r['dcline'][:, c.PF:c.VT + 1], expected1, 4, [t, 'P Q V'])
t_is(r['dcline'][:, c.MU_PMIN:c.MU_QMAXT + 1], expected2, 3, [t, 'mu'])
t = ''.join([t0, 'AC OPF (with DC lines + pwl cost) : '])
ppc['dclinecost'][3, :8] = array([1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 10, 73])
r = runopf(ppc, ppopt)
success = r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(r['dcline'][:, c.PF:c.VT + 1], expected1, 4, [t, 'P Q V'])
t_is(r['dcline'][:, c.MU_PMIN:c.MU_QMAXT + 1], expected2, 3, [t, 'mu'])
t_end()
def t_pf(quiet=False):
"""Tests for power flow solvers.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
"""
t_begin(33, quiet)
tdir = dirname(__file__)
casefile = join(tdir, 't_case9_pf')
verbose = not quiet
ppopt = ppoption(VERBOSE=verbose, OUT_ALL=0)
## get solved AC power flow case from MAT-file
## defines bus_soln, gen_soln, branch_soln
soln9_pf = loadmat(join(tdir, 'soln9_pf.mat'), struct_as_record=False)
bus_soln = soln9_pf['bus_soln']
gen_soln = soln9_pf['gen_soln']
branch_soln = soln9_pf['branch_soln']
## run Newton PF
t = 'Newton PF : '
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, PF_ALG=1)
results, success = runpf(casefile, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch = results['bus'], results['gen'], results['branch']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(bus, bus_soln, 6, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen, gen_soln, 6, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch, branch_soln, 6, [t, 'branch'])
## run fast-decoupled PF (XB version)
t = 'Fast Decoupled (XB) PF : '
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, PF_ALG=2)
results, success = runpf(casefile, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch = results['bus'], results['gen'], results['branch']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(bus, bus_soln, 6, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen, gen_soln, 6, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch, branch_soln, 6, [t, 'branch'])
## run fast-decoupled PF (BX version)
t = 'Fast Decoupled (BX) PF : '
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, PF_ALG=3)
results, success = runpf(casefile, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch = results['bus'], results['gen'], results['branch']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(bus, bus_soln, 6, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen, gen_soln, 6, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch, branch_soln, 6, [t, 'branch'])
## run Gauss-Seidel PF
t = 'Gauss-Seidel PF : '
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, PF_ALG=4)
results, success = runpf(casefile, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch = results['bus'], results['gen'], results['branch']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(bus, bus_soln, 5, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen, gen_soln, 5, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch, branch_soln, 5, [t, 'branch'])
## get solved AC power flow case from MAT-file
## defines bus_soln, gen_soln, branch_soln
soln9_dcpf = loadmat(join(tdir, 'soln9_dcpf.mat'), struct_as_record=False)
bus_soln = soln9_dcpf['bus_soln']
gen_soln = soln9_dcpf['gen_soln']
branch_soln = soln9_dcpf['branch_soln']
## run DC PF
t = 'DC PF : '
results, success = rundcpf(casefile, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch = results['bus'], results['gen'], results['branch']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(bus, bus_soln, 6, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen, gen_soln, 6, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch, branch_soln, 6, [t, 'branch'])
## check Qg distribution, when Qmin = Qmax
t = 'check Qg : '
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, PF_ALG=1, VERBOSE=0)
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
ppc['gen'][0, [QMIN, QMAX]] = [20, 20]
results, success = runpf(ppc, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch = results['bus'], results['gen'], results['branch']
t_is(gen[0, QG], 24.07, 2, [t, 'single gen, Qmin = Qmax'])
ppc['gen'] = r_[array([ppc['gen'][0, :]]), ppc['gen']]
ppc['gen'][0, [QMIN, QMAX]] = [10, 10]
ppc['gen'][1, [QMIN, QMAX]] = [0, 50]
results, success = runpf(ppc, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch = results['bus'], results['gen'], results['branch']
t_is(gen[0:2, QG], [10, 14.07], 2, [t, '2 gens, Qmin = Qmax for one'])
ppc['gen'][0, [QMIN, QMAX]] = [10, 10]
ppc['gen'][1, [QMIN, QMAX]] = [-50, -50]
results, success = runpf(ppc, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch = results['bus'], results['gen'], results['branch']
t_is(gen[0:2, QG], [12.03, 12.03], 2, [t, '2 gens, Qmin = Qmax for both'])
ppc['gen'][0, [QMIN, QMAX]] = [0, 50]
ppc['gen'][1, [QMIN, QMAX]] = [0, 100]
results, success = runpf(ppc, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch = results['bus'], results['gen'], results['branch']
t_is(gen[0:2, QG], [8.02, 16.05], 2, [t, '2 gens, proportional'])
ppc['gen'][0, [QMIN, QMAX]] = [-50, 0]
ppc['gen'][1, [QMIN, QMAX]] = [50, 150]
results, success = runpf(ppc, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch = results['bus'], results['gen'], results['branch']
t_is(gen[0:2, QG], [-50 + 8.02, 50 + 16.05], 2,
[t, '2 gens, proportional'])
## network with islands
t = 'network w/islands : DC PF : '
ppc0 = loadcase(casefile)
ppc0['gen'][0, PG] = 60
ppc0['gen'][0, [PMIN, PMAX, QMIN, QMAX, PG, QG]] = \
ppc0['gen'][0, [PMIN, PMAX, QMIN, QMAX, PG, QG]] / 2
ppc0['gen'] = r_[array([ppc0['gen'][0, :]]), ppc0['gen']]
ppc1 = ppc0.copy()
ppc = ppc0.copy()
nb = ppc['bus'].shape[0]
ppc1['bus'][:, BUS_I] = ppc1['bus'][:, BUS_I] + nb
ppc1['branch'][:, F_BUS] = ppc1['branch'][:, F_BUS] + nb
ppc1['branch'][:, T_BUS] = ppc1['branch'][:, T_BUS] + nb
ppc1['gen'][:, GEN_BUS] = ppc1['gen'][:, GEN_BUS] + nb
ppc['bus'] = r_[ppc['bus'], ppc1['bus']]
ppc['branch'] = r_[ppc['branch'], ppc1['branch']]
ppc['gen'] = r_[ppc['gen'], ppc1['gen']]
#ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, OUT_BUS=1, OUT_GEN=1, OUT_ALL=-1, VERBOSE=2)
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, VERBOSE=verbose)
r = rundcpf(ppc, ppopt)
t_is(r['bus'][:9, VA], bus_soln[:, VA], 8, [t, 'voltage angles 1'])
t_is(r['bus'][10:18, VA], bus_soln[:, VA], 8, [t, 'voltage angles 2'])
Pg = r_[gen_soln[0, PG] - 30, 30, gen_soln[1:3, PG]]
t_is(r['gen'][:4, PG], Pg, 8, [t, 'active power generation 1'])
t_is(r['gen'][4:8, PG], Pg, 8, [t, 'active power generation 1'])
t = 'network w/islands : AC PF : '
## get solved AC power flow case from MAT-file
soln9_pf = loadmat(join(tdir, 'soln9_pf.mat'), struct_as_record=False)
bus_soln = soln9_pf['bus_soln']
gen_soln = soln9_pf['gen_soln']
branch_soln = soln9_pf['branch_soln']
r = runpf(ppc, ppopt)
t_is(r['bus'][:9, VA], bus_soln[:, VA], 8, [t, 'voltage angles 1'])
t_is(r['bus'][9:18, VA], bus_soln[:, VA], 8, [t, 'voltage angles 2'])
Pg = r_[gen_soln[0, PG] - 30, 30, gen_soln[1:3, PG]]
t_is(r['gen'][:4, PG], Pg, 8, [t, 'active power generation 1'])
t_is(r['gen'][4:8, PG], Pg, 8, [t, 'active power generation 1'])
t_end()
def t_loadcase(quiet=False):
"""Test that C{loadcase} works with an object as well as case file.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
@author: Richard Lincoln
"""
t_begin(240, quiet)
## compare result of loading from M-file file to result of using data matrices
tdir = dirname(__file__)
casefile = join(tdir, 't_case9_opf')
matfile = join(tdir, 't_mat9_opf')
pfcasefile = join(tdir, 't_case9_pf')
pfmatfile = join(tdir, 't_mat9_pf')
casefilev2 = join(tdir, 't_case9_opfv2')
matfilev2 = join(tdir, 't_mat9_opfv2')
pfcasefilev2 = join(tdir, 't_case9_pfv2')
pfmatfilev2 = join(tdir, 't_mat9_pfv2')
## read version 1 OPF data matrices
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost = t_case9_opf()
## save as .mat file
savemat(matfile + '.mat', {'baseMVA': baseMVA, 'bus': bus, 'gen': gen,
'branch': branch, 'areas': areas, 'gencost': gencost}, oned_as='row')
## read version 2 OPF data matrices
ppc = t_case9_opfv2()
## save as .mat file
savemat(matfilev2 + '.mat', {'ppc': ppc}, oned_as='column')
## prepare expected matrices for v1 load
## (missing gen cap curve & branch ang diff lims)
tmp1 = (ppc['baseMVA'], ppc['bus'].copy(), ppc['gen'].copy(), ppc['branch'].copy(),
ppc['areas'].copy(), ppc['gencost'].copy())
tmp2 = (ppc['baseMVA'], ppc['bus'].copy(), ppc['gen'].copy(), ppc['branch'].copy(),
ppc['areas'].copy(), ppc['gencost'].copy())
## remove capability curves, angle difference limits
tmp1[2][1:3, [PC1, PC2, QC1MIN, QC1MAX, QC2MIN, QC2MAX]] = zeros((2,6))
tmp1[3][0, ANGMAX] = 360
tmp1[3][8, ANGMIN] = -360
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost = tmp1
##----- load OPF data into individual matrices -----
t = 'loadcase(opf_PY_file_v1) without .py extension : '
baseMVA1, bus1, gen1, branch1, areas1, gencost1 = \
loadcase(casefile, False)
t_is(baseMVA1, baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(bus1, bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen1, gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch1, branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(areas1, areas, 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(gencost1, gencost, 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t = 'loadcase(opf_PY_file_v1) with .py extension : '
baseMVA1, bus1, gen1, branch1, areas1, gencost1 = \
loadcase(casefile + '.py', False)
t_is(baseMVA1, baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(bus1, bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen1, gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch1, branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(areas1, areas, 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(gencost1, gencost, 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t = 'loadcase(opf_MAT_file_v1) without .mat extension : '
baseMVA1, bus1, gen1, branch1, areas1, gencost1 = \
loadcase(matfile, False)
t_is(baseMVA1, baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(bus1, bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen1, gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch1, branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(areas1, areas, 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(gencost1, gencost, 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t = 'loadcase(opf_MAT_file_v1) with .mat extension : '
baseMVA1, bus1, gen1, branch1, areas1, gencost1 = \
loadcase(matfile + '.mat', False)
t_is(baseMVA1, baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(bus1, bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen1, gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch1, branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(areas1, areas, 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(gencost1, gencost, 12, [t, 'gencost'])
## prepare expected matrices for v2 load
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost = tmp2
t = 'loadcase(opf_PY_file_v2) without .py extension : '
baseMVA1, bus1, gen1, branch1, areas1, gencost1 = \
loadcase(casefilev2, False)
t_is(baseMVA1, baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(bus1, bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen1, gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch1, branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(areas1, areas, 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(gencost1, gencost, 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t = 'loadcase(opf_PY_file_v2) with .py extension : '
baseMVA1, bus1, gen1, branch1, areas1, gencost1 = \
loadcase(casefilev2 + '.py', False)
t_is(baseMVA1, baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(bus1, bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen1, gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch1, branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(areas1, areas, 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(gencost1, gencost, 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t = 'loadcase(opf_MAT_file_v2) without .mat extension : '
baseMVA1, bus1, gen1, branch1, areas1, gencost1 = \
loadcase(matfilev2, False)
t_is(baseMVA1, baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(bus1, bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen1, gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch1, branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(areas1, areas, 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(gencost1, gencost, 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t = 'loadcase(opf_MAT_file_v2) with .mat extension : '
baseMVA1, bus1, gen1, branch1, areas1, gencost1 = \
loadcase(matfilev2 + '.mat', False)
t_is(baseMVA1, baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(bus1, bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen1, gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch1, branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(areas1, areas, 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(gencost1, gencost, 12, [t, 'gencost'])
## prepare expected matrices for v1 load
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost = tmp1
t = 'loadcase(opf_struct_v1) (no version): '
baseMVA1, bus1, gen1, branch1, areas1, gencost1 = t_case9_opf()
c = {}
c['baseMVA'] = baseMVA1
c['bus'] = bus1.copy()
c['gen'] = gen1.copy()
c['branch'] = branch1.copy()
c['areas'] = areas1.copy()
c['gencost'] = gencost1.copy()
baseMVA2, bus2, gen2, branch2, areas2, gencost2 = loadcase(c, False)
t_is(baseMVA2, baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(bus2, bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen2, gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch2, branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(areas2, areas, 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(gencost2, gencost, 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t = 'loadcase(opf_struct_v1) (version=\'1\'): '
c['version'] = '1'
baseMVA2, bus2, gen2, branch2, areas2, gencost2 = loadcase(c, False)
t_is(baseMVA2, baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(bus2, bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen2, gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch2, branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(areas2, areas, 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(gencost2, gencost, 12, [t, 'gencost'])
## prepare expected matrices for v2 load
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost = tmp2
t = 'loadcase(opf_struct_v2) (no version): '
c = {}
c['baseMVA'] = baseMVA
c['bus'] = bus.copy()
c['gen'] = gen.copy()
c['branch'] = branch.copy()
c['areas'] = areas.copy()
c['gencost'] = gencost.copy()
baseMVA2, bus2, gen2, branch2, areas2, gencost2 = loadcase(c, False)
t_is(baseMVA2, baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(bus2, bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen2, gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch2, branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(areas2, areas, 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(gencost2, gencost, 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t = 'loadcase(opf_struct_v2) (version=''2''): '
c = {}
c['baseMVA'] = baseMVA
c['bus'] = bus.copy()
c['gen'] = gen.copy()
c['branch'] = branch.copy()
c['areas'] = areas.copy()
c['gencost'] = gencost.copy()
c['version'] = '2'
baseMVA2, bus2, gen2, branch2, areas2, gencost2 = loadcase(c, False)
t_is(baseMVA2, baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(bus2, bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen2, gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch2, branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(areas2, areas, 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(gencost2, gencost, 12, [t, 'gencost'])
##----- load OPF data into struct -----
## prepare expected matrices for v1 load
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost = tmp1
t = 'ppc = loadcase(opf_PY_file_v1) without .py extension : '
ppc1 = loadcase(casefile)
t_is(ppc1['baseMVA'], baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(ppc1['bus'], bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc1['gen'], gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc1['branch'], branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc1['areas'], areas, 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(ppc1['gencost'], gencost, 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t = 'ppc = loadcase(opf_PY_file_v1) with .py extension : '
ppc1 = loadcase(casefile + '.py')
t_is(ppc1['baseMVA'], baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(ppc1['bus'], bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc1['gen'], gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc1['branch'], branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc1['areas'], areas, 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(ppc1['gencost'], gencost, 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t = 'ppc = loadcase(opf_MAT_file_v1) without .mat extension : '
ppc1 = loadcase(matfile)
t_is(ppc1['baseMVA'], baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(ppc1['bus'], bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc1['gen'], gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc1['branch'], branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc1['areas'], areas, 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(ppc1['gencost'], gencost, 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t = 'ppc = loadcase(opf_MAT_file_v1) with .mat extension : '
ppc1 = loadcase(matfile + '.mat')
t_is(ppc1['baseMVA'], baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(ppc1['bus'], bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc1['gen'], gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc1['branch'], branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc1['areas'], areas, 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(ppc1['gencost'], gencost, 12, [t, 'gencost'])
## prepare expected matrices for v2 load
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost = tmp2
t = 'ppc = loadcase(opf_PY_file_v2) without .m extension : '
ppc1 = loadcase(casefilev2)
t_is(ppc1['baseMVA'], baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(ppc1['bus'], bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc1['gen'], gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc1['branch'], branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc1['areas'], areas, 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(ppc1['gencost'], gencost, 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t = 'ppc = loadcase(opf_PY_file_v2) with .py extension : '
ppc1 = loadcase(casefilev2 + '.py')
t_is(ppc1['baseMVA'], baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(ppc1['bus'], bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc1['gen'], gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc1['branch'], branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc1['areas'], areas, 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(ppc1['gencost'], gencost, 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t = 'ppc = loadcase(opf_MAT_file_v2) without .mat extension : '
ppc1 = loadcase(matfilev2)
t_is(ppc1['baseMVA'], baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(ppc1['bus'], bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc1['gen'], gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc1['branch'], branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc1['areas'], areas, 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(ppc1['gencost'], gencost, 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t = 'ppc = loadcase(opf_MAT_file_v2) with .mat extension : '
ppc1 = loadcase(matfilev2 + '.mat')
t_is(ppc1['baseMVA'], baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(ppc1['bus'], bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc1['gen'], gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc1['branch'], branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc1['areas'], areas, 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(ppc1['gencost'], gencost, 12, [t, 'gencost'])
## prepare expected matrices for v1 load
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost = tmp1
t = 'ppc = loadcase(opf_struct_v1) (no version): '
baseMVA1, bus1, gen1, branch1, areas1, gencost1 = t_case9_opf()
c = {}
c['baseMVA'] = baseMVA1
c['bus'] = bus1.copy()
c['gen'] = gen1.copy()
c['branch'] = branch1.copy()
c['areas'] = areas1.copy()
c['gencost'] = gencost1.copy()
ppc2 = loadcase(c)
t_is(ppc2['baseMVA'], baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(ppc2['bus'], bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc2['gen'], gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc2['branch'], branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc2['areas'], areas, 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(ppc2['gencost'], gencost, 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t = 'ppc = loadcase(opf_struct_v1) (version=''1''): '
c['version'] = '1'
ppc2 = loadcase(c)
t_is(ppc2['baseMVA'], baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(ppc2['bus'], bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc2['gen'], gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc2['branch'], branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc2['areas'], areas, 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(ppc2['gencost'], gencost, 12, [t, 'gencost'])
## prepare expected matrices for v2 load
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost = tmp2
t = 'ppc = loadcase(opf_struct_v2) (no version): '
c = {}
c['baseMVA'] = baseMVA
c['bus'] = bus.copy()
c['gen'] = gen.copy()
c['branch'] = branch.copy()
c['areas'] = areas.copy()
c['gencost'] = gencost.copy()
ppc2 = loadcase(c)
t_is(ppc2['baseMVA'], baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(ppc2['bus'], bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc2['gen'], gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc2['branch'], branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc2['areas'], areas, 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(ppc2['gencost'], gencost, 12, [t, 'gencost'])
t_ok(ppc2['version'] == '2', [t, 'version'])
t = 'ppc = loadcase(opf_struct_v2) (version=''2''): '
c = {}
c['baseMVA'] = baseMVA
c['bus'] = bus.copy()
c['gen'] = gen.copy()
c['branch'] = branch.copy()
c['areas'] = areas.copy()
c['gencost'] = gencost.copy()
c['version'] = '2'
ppc2 = loadcase(c)
t_is(ppc2['baseMVA'], baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(ppc2['bus'], bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc2['gen'], gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc2['branch'], branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t_is(ppc2['areas'], areas, 12, [t, 'areas'])
t_is(ppc2['gencost'], gencost, 12, [t, 'gencost'])
## read version 1 PF data matrices
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch = t_case9_pf()
savemat(pfmatfile + '.mat',
{'baseMVA': baseMVA, 'bus': bus, 'gen': gen, 'branch': branch},
oned_as='column')
## read version 2 PF data matrices
ppc = t_case9_pfv2()
tmp = (ppc['baseMVA'], ppc['bus'].copy(),
ppc['gen'].copy(), ppc['branch'].copy())
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch = tmp
## save as .mat file
savemat(pfmatfilev2 + '.mat', {'ppc': ppc}, oned_as='column')
##----- load PF data into individual matrices -----
t = 'loadcase(pf_PY_file_v1) without .py extension : '
baseMVA1, bus1, gen1, branch1 = \
loadcase(pfcasefile, False, False, False)
t_is(baseMVA1, baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(bus1, bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen1, gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch1, branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t = 'loadcase(pf_PY_file_v1) with .py extension : '
baseMVA1, bus1, gen1, branch1 = \
loadcase(pfcasefile + '.py', False, False, False)
t_is(baseMVA1, baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(bus1, bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen1, gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch1, branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t = 'loadcase(pf_MAT_file_v1) without .mat extension : '
baseMVA1, bus1, gen1, branch1 = \
loadcase(pfmatfile, False, False, False)
t_is(baseMVA1, baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(bus1, bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen1, gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch1, branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t = 'loadcase(pf_MAT_file_v1) with .mat extension : '
baseMVA1, bus1, gen1, branch1 = \
loadcase(pfmatfile + '.mat', False, False, False)
t_is(baseMVA1, baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(bus1, bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen1, gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch1, branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t = 'loadcase(pf_PY_file_v2) without .py extension : '
baseMVA1, bus1, gen1, branch1 = \
loadcase(pfcasefilev2, False, False, False)
t_is(baseMVA1, baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(bus1, bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen1, gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch1, branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t = 'loadcase(pf_PY_file_v2) with .py extension : '
baseMVA1, bus1, gen1, branch1 = \
loadcase(pfcasefilev2 + '.py', False, False, False)
t_is(baseMVA1, baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(bus1, bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen1, gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch1, branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t = 'loadcase(pf_MAT_file_v2) without .mat extension : '
baseMVA1, bus1, gen1, branch1 = \
loadcase(pfmatfilev2, False, False, False)
t_is(baseMVA1, baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(bus1, bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen1, gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch1, branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t = 'loadcase(pf_MAT_file_v2) with .mat extension : '
baseMVA1, bus1, gen1, branch1 = \
loadcase(pfmatfilev2 + '.mat', False, False, False)
t_is(baseMVA1, baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(bus1, bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen1, gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch1, branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t = 'loadcase(pf_struct_v1) (no version): '
baseMVA1, bus1, gen1, branch1 = t_case9_pf()
c = {}
c['baseMVA'] = baseMVA1
c['bus'] = bus1.copy()
c['gen'] = gen1.copy()
c['branch'] = branch1.copy()
baseMVA2, bus2, gen2, branch2 = loadcase(c, False, False, False)
t_is(baseMVA2, baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(bus2, bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen2, gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch2, branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t = 'loadcase(pf_struct_v1) (version=''1''): '
c['version'] = '1'
baseMVA2, bus2, gen2, branch2 = loadcase(c, False, False, False)
t_is(baseMVA2, baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(bus2, bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen2, gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch2, branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t = 'loadcase(pf_struct_v2) : '
c = {}
c['baseMVA'] = baseMVA
c['bus'] = bus.copy()
c['gen'] = gen.copy()
c['branch'] = branch.copy()
c['version'] = '2'
baseMVA2, bus2, gen2, branch2 = loadcase(c, False, False, False)
t_is(baseMVA2, baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(bus2, bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen2, gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch2, branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
##----- load PF data into struct -----
t = 'ppc = loadcase(pf_PY_file_v1) without .py extension : '
ppc1 = loadcase(pfcasefile)
t_is(ppc1['baseMVA'], baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(ppc1['bus'], bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc1['gen'], gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc1['branch'], branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t = 'ppc = loadcase(pf_PY_file_v1) with .py extension : '
ppc1 = loadcase(pfcasefile + '.py')
t_is(ppc1['baseMVA'], baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(ppc1['bus'], bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc1['gen'], gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc1['branch'], branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t = 'ppc = loadcase(pf_MAT_file_v1) without .mat extension : '
ppc1 = loadcase(pfmatfile)
t_is(ppc1['baseMVA'], baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(ppc1['bus'], bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc1['gen'], gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc1['branch'], branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t = 'ppc = loadcase(pf_MAT_file_v1) with .mat extension : '
ppc1 = loadcase(pfmatfile + '.mat')
t_is(ppc1['baseMVA'], baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(ppc1['bus'], bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc1['gen'], gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc1['branch'], branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t = 'ppc = loadcase(pf_PY_file_v2) without .py extension : '
ppc1 = loadcase(pfcasefilev2)
t_is(ppc1['baseMVA'], baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(ppc1['bus'], bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc1['gen'], gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc1['branch'], branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t = 'ppc = loadcase(pf_PY_file_v2) with .py extension : '
ppc1 = loadcase(pfcasefilev2 + '.py')
t_is(ppc1['baseMVA'], baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(ppc1['bus'], bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc1['gen'], gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc1['branch'], branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t = 'ppc = loadcase(pf_MAT_file_v2) without .mat extension : '
ppc1 = loadcase(pfmatfilev2)
t_is(ppc1['baseMVA'], baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(ppc1['bus'], bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc1['gen'], gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc1['branch'], branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t = 'ppc = loadcase(pf_MAT_file_v2) with .mat extension : '
ppc1 = loadcase(pfmatfilev2 + '.mat')
t_is(ppc1['baseMVA'], baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(ppc1['bus'], bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc1['gen'], gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc1['branch'], branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t = 'ppc = loadcase(pf_struct_v1) (no version): '
baseMVA1, bus1, gen1, branch1 = t_case9_pf()
c = {}
c['baseMVA'] = baseMVA1
c['bus'] = bus1.copy()
c['gen'] = gen1.copy()
c['branch'] = branch1.copy()
ppc2 = loadcase(c)
t_is(ppc2['baseMVA'], baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(ppc2['bus'], bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc2['gen'], gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc2['branch'], branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t = 'ppc = loadcase(pf_struct_v1) (version=''1''): '
c['version'] = '1'
ppc2 = loadcase(c)
t_is(ppc2['baseMVA'], baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(ppc2['bus'], bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc2['gen'], gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc2['branch'], branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t = 'ppc = loadcase(pf_struct_v2) : '
c = {}
c['baseMVA'] = baseMVA
c['bus'] = bus.copy()
c['gen'] = gen.copy()
c['branch'] = branch.copy()
c['version'] = '2'
ppc2 = loadcase(c)
t_is(ppc2['baseMVA'], baseMVA, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(ppc2['bus'], bus, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(ppc2['gen'], gen, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(ppc2['branch'], branch, 12, [t, 'branch'])
## cleanup
os.remove(matfile + '.mat')
os.remove(pfmatfile + '.mat')
os.remove(matfilev2 + '.mat')
os.remove(pfmatfilev2 + '.mat')
t = 'runpf(my_PY_file)'
ppopt = ppoption(VERBOSE=0, OUT_ALL=0)
results3, success = runpf(pfcasefile, ppopt)
baseMVA3, bus3, gen3, branch3 = results3['baseMVA'], results3['bus'], \
results3['gen'], results3['branch']
t_ok( success, t )
t = 'runpf(my_object)'
results4, success = runpf(c, ppopt)
baseMVA4, bus4, gen4, branch4 = results4['baseMVA'], results4['bus'], \
results4['gen'], results4['branch']
t_ok( success, t )
t = 'runpf result comparison : '
t_is(baseMVA3, baseMVA4, 12, [t, 'baseMVA'])
t_is(bus3, bus4, 12, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen3, gen4, 12, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch3, branch4, 12, [t, 'branch'])
t = 'runpf(modified_struct)'
c['gen'][2, 1] = c['gen'][2, 1] + 1 ## increase gen 3 output by 1
results5, success = runpf(c, ppopt)
gen5 = results5['gen']
t_is(gen5[0, 1], gen4[0, 1] - 1, 1, t) ## slack bus output should decrease by 1
t_end()
def t_opf_dc_pips_sc(quiet=False):
"""Tests for DC optimal power flow using PIPS-sc solver.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
@author: Richard Lincoln
"""
num_tests = 23
t_begin(num_tests, quiet)
tdir = dirname(__file__)
casefile = join(tdir, 't_case9_opf')
verbose = 0 #not quiet
t0 = 'DC OPF (PIPS-sc): '
ppopt = ppoption(VERBOSE=verbose, OUT_ALL=0, OPF_ALG_DC=250)
## run DC OPF
## set up indices
ib_data = r_[arange(BUS_AREA + 1), arange(BASE_KV, VMIN + 1)]
ib_voltage = arange(VM, VA + 1)
ib_lam = arange(LAM_P, LAM_Q + 1)
ib_mu = arange(MU_VMAX, MU_VMIN + 1)
ig_data = r_[[GEN_BUS, QMAX, QMIN], arange(MBASE, APF + 1)]
ig_disp = array([PG, QG, VG])
ig_mu = arange(MU_PMAX, MU_QMIN + 1)
ibr_data = arange(ANGMAX + 1)
ibr_flow = arange(PF, QT + 1)
ibr_mu = array([MU_SF, MU_ST])
#ibr_angmu = array([MU_ANGMIN, MU_ANGMAX])
## get solved DC power flow case from MAT-file
soln9_dcopf = loadmat(join(tdir, 'soln9_dcopf.mat'), struct_as_record=True)
## defines bus_soln, gen_soln, branch_soln, f_soln
bus_soln = soln9_dcopf['bus_soln']
gen_soln = soln9_dcopf['gen_soln']
branch_soln = soln9_dcopf['branch_soln']
f_soln = soln9_dcopf['f_soln'][0]
## run OPF
t = t0
r = rundcopf(casefile, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch, f, success = \
r['bus'], r['gen'], r['branch'], r['f'], r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(f, f_soln, 3, [t, 'f'])
t_is(bus[:, ib_data], bus_soln[:, ib_data], 10, [t, 'bus data'])
t_is(bus[:, ib_voltage], bus_soln[:, ib_voltage], 3, [t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is(bus[:, ib_lam], bus_soln[:, ib_lam], 3, [t, 'bus lambda'])
t_is(bus[:, ib_mu], bus_soln[:, ib_mu], 2, [t, 'bus mu'])
t_is(gen[:, ig_data], gen_soln[:, ig_data], 10, [t, 'gen data'])
t_is(gen[:, ig_disp], gen_soln[:, ig_disp], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is(gen[:, ig_mu], gen_soln[:, ig_mu], 3, [t, 'gen mu'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_data], branch_soln[:, ibr_data], 10, [t, 'branch data'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_flow], branch_soln[:, ibr_flow], 3, [t, 'branch flow'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_mu], branch_soln[:, ibr_mu], 2, [t, 'branch mu'])
##----- run OPF with extra linear user constraints & costs -----
## two new z variables
## 0 <= z1, P2 - P1 <= z1
## 0 <= z2, P2 - P3 <= z2
## with A and N sized for DC opf
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
row = [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1]
col = [9, 10, 12, 10, 11, 13]
ppc['A'] = sparse(([-1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1], (row, col)), (2, 14))
ppc['u'] = array([0, 0])
ppc['l'] = array([-Inf, -Inf])
ppc['zl'] = array([0, 0])
ppc['N'] = sparse(([1, 1], ([0, 1], [12, 13])),
(2, 14)) ## new z variables only
ppc['fparm'] = ones((2, 1)) * array([[1, 0, 0, 1]]) ## w = r = z
ppc['H'] = sparse((2, 2)) ## no quadratic term
ppc['Cw'] = array([1000, 1])
t = ''.join([t0, 'w/extra constraints & costs 1 : '])
r = rundcopf(ppc, ppopt)
t_ok(r['success'], [t, 'success'])
t_is(r['gen'][0, PG], 116.15974, 4, [t, 'Pg1 = 116.15974'])
t_is(r['gen'][1, PG], 116.15974, 4, [t, 'Pg2 = 116.15974'])
t_is(r['var']['val']['z'], [0, 0.3348], 4, [t, 'user vars'])
t_is(r['cost']['usr'], 0.3348, 3, [t, 'user costs'])
## with A and N sized for AC opf
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
row = [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1]
col = [18, 19, 24, 19, 20, 25]
ppc['A'] = sparse(([-1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1], (row, col)), (2, 26))
ppc['u'] = array([0, 0])
ppc['l'] = array([-Inf, -Inf])
ppc['zl'] = array([0, 0])
ppc['N'] = sparse(([1, 1], ([0, 1], [24, 25])),
(2, 26)) ## new z variables only
ppc['fparm'] = ones((2, 1)) * array([[1, 0, 0, 1]]) ## w = r = z
ppc['H'] = sparse((2, 2)) ## no quadratic term
ppc['Cw'] = array([1000, 1])
t = ''.join([t0, 'w/extra constraints & costs 2 : '])
r = rundcopf(ppc, ppopt)
t_ok(r['success'], [t, 'success'])
t_is(r['gen'][0, PG], 116.15974, 4, [t, 'Pg1 = 116.15974'])
t_is(r['gen'][1, PG], 116.15974, 4, [t, 'Pg2 = 116.15974'])
t_is(r['var']['val']['z'], [0, 0.3348], 4, [t, 'user vars'])
t_is(r['cost']['usr'], 0.3348, 3, [t, 'user costs'])
t = ''.join([t0, 'infeasible : '])
## with A and N sized for DC opf
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
ppc['A'] = sparse(([1, 1], ([0, 0], [9, 10])), (1, 14)) ## Pg1 + Pg2
ppc['u'] = array([Inf])
ppc['l'] = array([600])
r = rundcopf(ppc, ppopt)
t_ok(not r['success'], [t, 'no success'])
t_end()
def t_savecase(quiet=False):
"""Tests that C{savecase} saves case files in MAT and PY file formats."""
t_begin(12, quiet)
MATCASE = 'test_savedcase.mat'
PYCASE = 'test_savedcase.py'
file_formats = [MATCASE, PYCASE]
pf_case = {'case': case24_ieee_rts(),
'run_func': runpf,
'run_label': 'PF run'}
opf_case = {'case': case24_ieee_rts(),
'run_func': runopf,
'run_label': 'OPF run'}
case_unsolved = {'case': case24_ieee_rts(),
'run_func': None,
'run_label': 'pre-run'}
cases = [pf_case, opf_case, case_unsolved]
tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
for case in cases:
for i, filename in enumerate([f for f in file_formats]):
file_format = save_format(filename) # 'mat' or 'py'
saved_umask = os.umask(0o22)
path = join(tmpdir, filename)
ppc = case['case']
pf_func = case['run_func']
run_type = case['run_label']
# Test saving of results if case has been solved
if pf_func:
ppopt = ppoption(VERBOSE=0, OUT_ALL=0)
# Run power flow type specified, assign solution to case
ppc = pf_func(ppc, ppopt)
# runpf.py returns a tuple containing the result
if isinstance(ppc, tuple):
ppc = ppc[0]
try:
savedcase = savecase(path, ppc, comment=None, version='2')
except IOError:
t_ok(False, ['Savecase: ', 'IOError.'])
else:
# Do tests
msg_prefix = message_prefix(file_format, run_type)
loaded_case = loadcase(savedcase)
msg_desc = ' file name matches argument'
t_ok(savedcase == path, msg_prefix + msg_desc)
msg_desc = ' file content matches case'
# Boolean: saved key-value pairs do/do not correspond to case
saved_case_matches_ppc = verify_saved_case(loaded_case, ppc)
t_ok(saved_case_matches_ppc, msg_prefix + msg_desc)
os.remove(path)
finally:
os.umask(saved_umask)
os.rmdir(tmpdir)
def t_scale_load(quiet=False):
"""Tests for code in C{scale_load}.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
@author: Richard Lincoln
"""
n_tests = 275
t_begin(n_tests, quiet)
ppc = loadcase(join(dirname(__file__), 't_auction_case'))
ppc['gen'][7, GEN_BUS] = 2 ## multiple d. loads per area, same bus as gen
ppc['gen'][7, [QG, QMIN, QMAX]] = array([3, 0, 3])
## put it load before gen in matrix
ppc['gen'] = vstack([ppc['gen'][7, :], ppc['gen'][:7, :], ppc['gen'][8, :]])
ld = find(isload(ppc['gen']))
a = [None] * 3
lda = [None] * 3
for k in range(3):
a[k] = find(ppc['bus'][:, BUS_AREA] == k + 1) ## buses in area k
tmp = find( in1d(ppc['gen'][ld, GEN_BUS] - 1, a[k]) )
lda[k] = ld[tmp] ## disp loads in area k
area = [None] * 3
for k in range(3):
area[k] = {'fixed': {}, 'disp': {}, 'both': {}}
area[k]['fixed']['p'] = sum(ppc['bus'][a[k], PD])
area[k]['fixed']['q'] = sum(ppc['bus'][a[k], QD])
area[k]['disp']['p'] = -sum(ppc['gen'][lda[k], PMIN])
area[k]['disp']['qmin'] = -sum(ppc['gen'][lda[k], QMIN])
area[k]['disp']['qmax'] = -sum(ppc['gen'][lda[k], QMAX])
area[k]['disp']['q'] = area[k]['disp']['qmin'] + area[k]['disp']['qmax']
area[k]['both']['p'] = area[k]['fixed']['p'] + area[k]['disp']['p']
area[k]['both']['q'] = area[k]['fixed']['q'] + area[k]['disp']['q']
total = {'fixed': {}, 'disp': {}, 'both': {}}
total['fixed']['p'] = sum(ppc['bus'][:, PD])
total['fixed']['q'] = sum(ppc['bus'][:, QD])
total['disp']['p'] = -sum(ppc['gen'][ld, PMIN])
total['disp']['qmin'] = -sum(ppc['gen'][ld, QMIN])
total['disp']['qmax'] = -sum(ppc['gen'][ld, QMAX])
total['disp']['q'] = total['disp']['qmin'] + total['disp']['qmax']
total['both']['p'] = total['fixed']['p'] + total['disp']['p']
total['both']['q'] = total['fixed']['q'] + total['disp']['q']
##----- single load zone, one scale factor -----
load = array([2])
t = 'all fixed loads (PQ) * 2 : '
bus, _ = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), load * total['fixed']['p'], 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), load * total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
opt = {'which': 'FIXED'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), load * total['fixed']['p'], 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), load * total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, PMIN]), total['disp']['p'], 8, [t, 'total disp P'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMIN]), total['disp']['qmin'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmin'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMAX]), total['disp']['qmax'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmax'])
t = 'all fixed loads (P) * 2 : '
opt = {'pq': 'P'}
bus, _ = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], None, None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), load * total['fixed']['p'], 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
opt = {'pq': 'P', 'which': 'FIXED'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), load * total['fixed']['p'], 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, PMIN]), total['disp']['p'], 8, [t, 'total disp P'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMIN]), total['disp']['qmin'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmin'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMAX]), total['disp']['qmax'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmax'])
t = 'all loads (PQ) * 2 : '
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), load * total['fixed']['p'], 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), load * total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, PMIN]), load * total['disp']['p'], 8, [t, 'total disp P'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMIN]), load * total['disp']['qmin'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmin'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMAX]), load * total['disp']['qmax'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmax'])
t = 'all loads (P) * 2 : '
opt = {'pq': 'P'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), load * total['fixed']['p'], 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, PMIN]), load * total['disp']['p'], 8, [t, 'total disp P'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMIN]), total['disp']['qmin'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmin'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMAX]), total['disp']['qmax'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmax'])
t = 'all disp loads (PQ) * 2 : '
opt = {'which': 'DISPATCHABLE'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), total['fixed']['p'], 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, PMIN]), load * total['disp']['p'], 8, [t, 'total disp P'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMIN]), load * total['disp']['qmin'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmin'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMAX]), load * total['disp']['qmax'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmax'])
t = 'all disp loads (P) * 2 : '
opt = {'pq': 'P', 'which': 'DISPATCHABLE'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), total['fixed']['p'], 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, PMIN]), load * total['disp']['p'], 8, [t, 'total disp P'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMIN]), total['disp']['qmin'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmin'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMAX]), total['disp']['qmax'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmax'])
##----- single load zone, one scale quantity -----
load = array([200.0])
t = 'all fixed loads (PQ) => total = 200 : '
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY'}
bus, _ = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], None, None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), load, 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), load / total['fixed']['p'] * total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY', 'which': 'FIXED'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), load - total['disp']['p'], 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), (load - total['disp']['p'])/total['fixed']['p']*total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, PMIN]), total['disp']['p'], 8, [t, 'total disp P'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMIN]), total['disp']['qmin'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmin'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMAX]), total['disp']['qmax'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmax'])
t = 'all fixed loads (P) => total = 200 : '
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY', 'pq': 'P'}
bus, _ = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], None, None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), load, 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY', 'pq': 'P', 'which': 'FIXED'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), load - total['disp']['p'], 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, PMIN]), total['disp']['p'], 8, [t, 'total disp P'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMIN]), total['disp']['qmin'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmin'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMAX]), total['disp']['qmax'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmax'])
t = 'all loads (PQ) => total = 200 : '
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), load / total['both']['p']*total['fixed']['p'], 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), load / total['both']['p']*total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, PMIN]), load / total['both']['p']*total['disp']['p'], 8, [t, 'total disp P'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMIN]), load / total['both']['p']*total['disp']['qmin'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmin'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMAX]), load / total['both']['p']*total['disp']['qmax'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmax'])
t = 'all loads (P) => total = 200 : '
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY', 'pq': 'P'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), load / total['both']['p']*total['fixed']['p'], 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, PMIN]), load / total['both']['p']*total['disp']['p'], 8, [t, 'total disp P'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMIN]), total['disp']['qmin'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmin'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMAX]), total['disp']['qmax'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmax'])
t = 'all disp loads (PQ) => total = 200 : '
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY', 'which': 'DISPATCHABLE'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), total['fixed']['p'], 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, PMIN]), load - total['fixed']['p'], 8, [t, 'total disp P'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMIN]), (load - total['fixed']['p'])/total['disp']['p']*total['disp']['qmin'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmin'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMAX]), (load - total['fixed']['p'])/total['disp']['p']*total['disp']['qmax'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmax'])
t = 'all disp loads (P) => total = 200 : '
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY', 'pq': 'P', 'which': 'DISPATCHABLE'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
t_is(sum(bus[:, PD]), total['fixed']['p'], 8, [t, 'total fixed P'])
t_is(sum(bus[:, QD]), total['fixed']['q'], 8, [t, 'total fixed Q'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, PMIN]), load - total['fixed']['p'], 8, [t, 'total disp P'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMIN]), total['disp']['qmin'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmin'])
t_is(-sum(gen[ld, QMAX]), total['disp']['qmax'], 8, [t, 'total disp Qmax'])
##----- 3 zones, area scale factors -----
t = 'area fixed loads (PQ) * [3 2 1] : '
load = array([3, 2, 1])
bus, _ = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'])
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), load[k] * area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8, '%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), load[k] * area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8, '%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
opt = {'which': 'FIXED'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), load[k] * area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8, '%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), load[k] * area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8, '%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], PMIN]), area[k]['disp']['p'], 8, '%s area %d disp P' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMIN]), area[k]['disp']['qmin'], 8, '%s area %d disp Qmin' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMAX]), area[k]['disp']['qmax'], 8, '%s area %d disp Qmax' % (t, k))
t = 'area fixed loads (P) * [3 2 1] : '
load = array([3, 2, 1])
opt = {'pq': 'P'}
bus, _ = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], None, None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), load[k] * area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8, '%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8, '%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
opt = {'pq': 'P', 'which': 'FIXED'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), load[k] * area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8, '%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8, '%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], PMIN]), area[k]['disp']['p'], 8, '%s area %d disp P' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMIN]), area[k]['disp']['qmin'], 8, '%s area %d disp Qmin' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMAX]), area[k]['disp']['qmax'], 8, '%s area %d disp Qmax' % (t, k))
t = 'all area loads (PQ) * [3 2 1] : '
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'])
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), load[k] * area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8, '%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), load[k] * area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8, '%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], PMIN]), load[k] * area[k]['disp']['p'], 8, '%s area %d disp P' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMIN]), load[k] * area[k]['disp']['qmin'], 8, '%s area %d disp Qmin' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMAX]), load[k] * area[k]['disp']['qmax'], 8, '%s area %d disp Qmax' % (t, k))
t = 'all area loads (P) * [3 2 1] : '
opt = {'pq': 'P'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), load[k] * area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8, '%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8, '%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], PMIN]), load[k] * area[k]['disp']['p'], 8, '%s area %d disp P' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMIN]), area[k]['disp']['qmin'], 8, '%s area %d disp Qmin' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMAX]), area[k]['disp']['qmax'], 8, '%s area %d disp Qmax' % (t, k))
t = 'area disp loads (PQ) * [3 2 1] : '
opt = {'which': 'DISPATCHABLE'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8, '%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8, '%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], PMIN]), load[k] * area[k]['disp']['p'], 8, '%s area %d disp P' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMIN]), load[k] * area[k]['disp']['qmin'], 8, '%s area %d disp Qmin' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMAX]), load[k] * area[k]['disp']['qmax'], 8, '%s area %d disp Qmax' % (t, k))
t = 'area disp loads (P) * [3 2 1] : '
opt = {'pq': 'P', 'which': 'DISPATCHABLE'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8, '%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8, '%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], PMIN]), load[k] * area[k]['disp']['p'], 8, '%s area %d disp P' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMIN]), area[k]['disp']['qmin'], 8, '%s area %d disp Qmin' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMAX]), area[k]['disp']['qmax'], 8, '%s area %d disp Qmax' % (t, k))
##----- 3 zones, area scale quantities -----
t = 'area fixed loads (PQ) => total = [100 80 60] : '
load = array([100, 80, 60], float)
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY'}
bus, _ = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], None, None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), load[k], 8, '%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), load[k] / area[k]['fixed']['p'] * area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8, '%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY', 'which': 'FIXED'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), load[k] - area[k]['disp']['p'], 8, '%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), (load[k] - area[k]['disp']['p']) / area[k]['fixed']['p'] * area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8, '%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], PMIN]), area[k]['disp']['p'], 8, '%s area %d disp P' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMIN]), area[k]['disp']['qmin'], 8, '%s area %d disp Qmin' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMAX]), area[k]['disp']['qmax'], 8, '%s area %d disp Qmax' % (t, k))
t = 'area fixed loads (P) => total = [100 80 60] : '
load = array([100, 80, 60], float)
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY', 'pq': 'P'}
bus, _ = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], None, None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), load[k], 8, '%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8, '%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY', 'pq': 'P', 'which': 'FIXED'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), load[k]-area[k]['disp']['p'], 8, '%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8, '%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], PMIN]), area[k]['disp']['p'], 8, '%s area %d disp P' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMIN]), area[k]['disp']['qmin'], 8, '%s area %d disp Qmin' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMAX]), area[k]['disp']['qmax'], 8, '%s area %d disp Qmax' % (t, k))
t = 'all area loads (PQ) => total = [100 80 60] : '
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), load[k] / area[k]['both']['p'] * area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8, '%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), load[k] / area[k]['both']['p'] * area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8, '%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], PMIN]), load[k] / area[k]['both']['p'] * area[k]['disp']['p'], 8, '%s area %d disp P' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMIN]), load[k] / area[k]['both']['p'] * area[k]['disp']['qmin'], 8, '%s area %d disp Qmin' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMAX]), load[k] / area[k]['both']['p'] * area[k]['disp']['qmax'], 8, '%s area %d disp Qmax' % (t, k))
t = 'all area loads (P) => total = [100 80 60] : '
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY', 'pq': 'P'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), load[k] / area[k]['both']['p'] * area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8, '%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8, '%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], PMIN]), load[k] / area[k]['both']['p'] * area[k]['disp']['p'], 8, '%s area %d disp P' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMIN]), area[k]['disp']['qmin'], 8, '%s area %d disp Qmin' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMAX]), area[k]['disp']['qmax'], 8, '%s area %d disp Qmax' % (t, k))
t = 'area disp loads (PQ) => total = [100 80 60] : throws expected exception'
load = array([100, 80, 60], float)
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY', 'which': 'DISPATCHABLE'}
err = 0
try:
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
except ScalingError as e:
expected = 'scale_load: impossible to make zone 2 load equal 80 by scaling non-existent dispatchable load'
err = expected not in str(e)
t_ok(err, t)
t = 'area disp loads (PQ) => total = [100 74.3941 60] : '
load = array([100, area[1]['fixed']['p'], 60], float)
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY', 'which': 'DISPATCHABLE'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8, '%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8, '%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], PMIN]), load[k]-area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8, '%s area %d disp P' % (t, k))
if k == 1:
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMIN]), area[k]['disp']['qmin'], 8, '%s area %d disp Qmin' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMAX]), area[k]['disp']['qmax'], 8, '%s area %d disp Qmax' % (t, k))
else:
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMIN]), (load[k] - area[k]['fixed']['p']) / area[k]['disp']['p'] * area[k]['disp']['qmin'], 8, '%s area %d disp Qmin' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMAX]), (load[k] - area[k]['fixed']['p']) / area[k]['disp']['p'] * area[k]['disp']['qmax'], 8, '%s area %d disp Qmax' % (t, k))
t = 'area disp loads (P) => total = [100 74.3941 60] : '
opt = {'scale': 'QUANTITY', 'pq': 'P', 'which': 'DISPATCHABLE'}
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], None, opt)
for k in range(len(load)):
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], PD]), area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8, '%s area %d fixed P' % (t, k))
t_is(sum(bus[a[k], QD]), area[k]['fixed']['q'], 8, '%s area %d fixed Q' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], PMIN]), load[k]-area[k]['fixed']['p'], 8, '%s area %d disp P' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMIN]), area[k]['disp']['qmin'], 8, '%s area %d disp Qmin' % (t, k))
t_is(-sum(gen[lda[k], QMAX]), area[k]['disp']['qmax'], 8, '%s area %d disp Qmax' % (t, k))
##----- explict single load zone -----
t = 'explicit single load zone'
load_zone = zeros(ppc['bus'].shape[0])
load_zone[[2, 3]] = 1
load = array([2.0])
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone)
Pd = ppc['bus'][:, PD]
Pd[[2, 3]] = load * Pd[[2, 3]]
t_is( bus[:, PD], Pd, 8, t)
##----- explict multiple load zone -----
t = 'explicit multiple load zone'
load_zone = zeros(ppc['bus'].shape[0])
load_zone[[2, 3]] = 1
load_zone[[6, 7]] = 2
load = array([2, 0.5])
bus, gen = scale_load(load, ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], load_zone)
Pd = ppc['bus'][:, PD]
Pd[[2, 3]] = load[0] * Pd[[2, 3]]
Pd[[6, 7]] = load[1] * Pd[[6, 7]]
t_is( bus[:, PD], Pd, 8, t)
t_end()
def t_opf_dc_gurobi(quiet=False):
"""Tests for DC optimal power flow using Gurobi solver.
"""
algs = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
num_tests = 23 * len(algs)
t_begin(num_tests, quiet)
tdir = dirname(__file__)
casefile = join(tdir, 't_case9_opf')
if quiet:
verbose = False
else:
verbose = False
ppopt = ppoption('OUT_ALL', 0, 'VERBOSE', verbose)
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, 'OPF_ALG_DC', 700)
## run DC OPF
if have_fcn('gurobipy'):
for k in range(len(algs)):
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, 'GRB_METHOD', algs[k])
methods = [
'automatic',
'primal simplex',
'dual simplex',
'barrier',
'concurrent',
'deterministic concurrent',
]
t0 = 'DC OPF (Gurobi %s): ' % methods[k]
## set up indices
ib_data = r_[arange(BUS_AREA + 1), arange(BASE_KV, VMIN + 1)]
ib_voltage = arange(VM, VA + 1)
ib_lam = arange(LAM_P, LAM_Q + 1)
ib_mu = arange(MU_VMAX, MU_VMIN + 1)
ig_data = r_[[GEN_BUS, QMAX, QMIN], arange(MBASE, APF + 1)]
ig_disp = array([PG, QG, VG])
ig_mu = arange(MU_PMAX, MU_QMIN + 1)
ibr_data = arange(ANGMAX + 1)
ibr_flow = arange(PF, QT + 1)
ibr_mu = array([MU_SF, MU_ST])
#ibr_angmu = array([MU_ANGMIN, MU_ANGMAX])
## get solved DC power flow case from MAT-file
## defines bus_soln, gen_soln, branch_soln, f_soln
soln9_dcopf = loadmat(join(tdir, 'soln9_dcopf.mat'),
struct_as_record=True)
bus_soln, gen_soln, branch_soln, f_soln = \
soln9_dcopf['bus_soln'], soln9_dcopf['gen_soln'], \
soln9_dcopf['branch_soln'], soln9_dcopf['f_soln']
## run OPF
t = t0
r = rundcopf(casefile, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch, f, success = \
r['bus'], r['gen'], r['branch'], r['f'], r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(f, f_soln, 3, [t, 'f'])
t_is(bus[:, ib_data], bus_soln[:, ib_data], 10, [t, 'bus data'])
t_is(bus[:, ib_voltage], bus_soln[:, ib_voltage], 3,
[t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is(bus[:, ib_lam], bus_soln[:, ib_lam], 3, [t, 'bus lambda'])
t_is(bus[:, ib_mu], bus_soln[:, ib_mu], 2, [t, 'bus mu'])
t_is(gen[:, ig_data], gen_soln[:, ig_data], 10, [t, 'gen data'])
t_is(gen[:, ig_disp], gen_soln[:, ig_disp], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is(gen[:, ig_mu], gen_soln[:, ig_mu], 3, [t, 'gen mu'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_data], branch_soln[:, ibr_data], 10,
[t, 'branch data'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_flow], branch_soln[:, ibr_flow], 3,
[t, 'branch flow'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_mu], branch_soln[:, ibr_mu], 2,
[t, 'branch mu'])
##----- run OPF with extra linear user constraints & costs -----
## two new z variables
## 0 <= z1, P2 - P1 <= z1
## 0 <= z2, P2 - P3 <= z2
## with A and N sized for DC opf
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
row = [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1]
col = [9, 10, 12, 10, 11, 13]
ppc['A'] = sparse(([-1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1], (row, col)), (2, 14))
ppc['u'] = array([0, 0])
ppc['l'] = array([-Inf, -Inf])
ppc['zl'] = array([0, 0])
ppc['N'] = sparse(([1, 1], ([0, 1], [12, 13])),
(2, 14)) ## new z variables only
ppc['fparm'] = ones((2, 1)) * array([[1, 0, 0, 1]]) ## w = r = z
ppc['H'] = sparse((2, 2)) ## no quadratic term
ppc['Cw'] = array([1000, 1])
t = ''.join([t0, 'w/extra constraints & costs 1 : '])
r = rundcopf(ppc, ppopt)
t_ok(r['success'], [t, 'success'])
t_is(r['gen'][0, PG], 116.15974, 4, [t, 'Pg1 = 116.15974'])
t_is(r['gen'][1, PG], 116.15974, 4, [t, 'Pg2 = 116.15974'])
t_is(r['var']['val']['z'], [0, 0.3348], 4, [t, 'user vars'])
t_is(r['cost']['usr'], 0.3348, 3, [t, 'user costs'])
## with A and N sized for AC opf
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
row = [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1]
col = [18, 19, 24, 19, 20, 25]
ppc['A'] = sparse(([-1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1], (row, col)), (2, 26))
ppc['u'] = array([0, 0])
ppc['l'] = array([-Inf, -Inf])
ppc['zl'] = array([0, 0])
ppc['N'] = sparse(([1, 1], ([0, 1], [24, 25])),
(2, 26)) ## new z variables only
ppc['fparm'] = ones((2, 1)) * array([[1, 0, 0, 1]]) ## w = r = z
ppc['H'] = sparse((2, 2)) ## no quadratic term
ppc['Cw'] = array([1000, 1])
t = ''.join([t0, 'w/extra constraints & costs 2 : '])
r = rundcopf(ppc, ppopt)
t_ok(r['success'], [t, 'success'])
t_is(r['gen'][0, PG], 116.15974, 4, [t, 'Pg1 = 116.15974'])
t_is(r['gen'][1, PG], 116.15974, 4, [t, 'Pg2 = 116.15974'])
t_is(r['var']['val']['z'], [0, 0.3348], 4, [t, 'user vars'])
t_is(r['cost']['usr'], 0.3348, 3, [t, 'user costs'])
t = ''.join([t0, 'infeasible : '])
## with A and N sized for DC opf
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
ppc['A'] = sparse(([1, 1], ([0, 0], [9, 10])),
(1, 14)) ## Pg1 + Pg2
ppc['u'] = array([Inf])
ppc['l'] = array([600])
r = rundcopf(ppc, ppopt)
t_ok(not r['success'], [t, 'no success'])
else:
t_skip(num_tests, 'Gurobi not available')
t_end()
def t_runopf_w_res(quiet=False):
"""Tests C{runopf_w_res} and the associated callbacks.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
"""
t_begin(46, quiet)
verbose = 0 #not quiet
tdir = dirname(__file__)
casefile = join(tdir, 't_case30_userfcns')
ppopt = ppoption(OPF_VIOLATION=1e-6,
PDIPM_GRADTOL=1e-8,
PDIPM_COMPTOL=1e-8,
PDIPM_COSTTOL=1e-9)
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, OUT_ALL=0, VERBOSE=verbose, OPF_ALG=560)
t = 'runopf_w_res(' 't_case30_userfcns' ') : '
r = runopf_w_res(casefile, ppopt)
t_is(r['reserves']['R'], [25, 15, 0, 0, 19.3906, 0.6094], 4, [t, 'R'])
t_is(r['reserves']['prc'], [2, 2, 2, 2, 5.5, 5.5], 6, [t, 'prc'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['l'], [0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.l'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['u'], [0.1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.u'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['Pmax'], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0.5, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.Pmax'])
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
t_is(r['reserves']['cost'], ppc['reserves']['cost'], 12, [t, 'cost'])
t_is(r['reserves']['qty'], ppc['reserves']['qty'], 12, [t, 'qty'])
t_is(r['reserves']['totalcost'], 177.8047, 4, [t, 'totalcost'])
t = 'gen 5 no reserves : '
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
ppc['reserves']['zones'][:, 4] = 0
ppc['reserves']['cost'] = delete(ppc['reserves']['cost'], 4)
ppc['reserves']['qty'] = delete(ppc['reserves']['qty'], 4)
r = runopf_w_res(ppc, ppopt)
t_is(r['reserves']['R'], [25, 15, 0, 0, 0, 20], 4, [t, 'R'])
t_is(r['reserves']['prc'], [2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 5.5], 6, [t, 'prc'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['l'], [0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.l'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['u'], [0.1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], 6, [t, 'mu.u'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['Pmax'], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.Pmax'])
t_is(r['reserves']['cost'], ppc['reserves']['cost'], 12, [t, 'cost'])
t_is(r['reserves']['qty'], ppc['reserves']['qty'], 12, [t, 'qty'])
t_is(r['reserves']['totalcost'], 187.5, 4, [t, 'totalcost'])
t = 'extra offline gen : '
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
idx = list(range(3)) + [4] + list(range(3, 6))
ppc['gen'] = ppc['gen'][idx, :]
ppc['gencost'] = ppc['gencost'][idx, :]
ppc['reserves']['zones'] = ppc['reserves']['zones'][:, idx]
ppc['reserves']['cost'] = ppc['reserves']['cost'][idx]
ppc['reserves']['qty'] = ppc['reserves']['qty'][idx]
ppc['gen'][3, GEN_STATUS] = 0
r = runopf_w_res(ppc, ppopt)
t_is(r['reserves']['R'], [25, 15, 0, 0, 0, 19.3906, 0.6094], 4, [t, 'R'])
t_is(r['reserves']['prc'], [2, 2, 2, 5.5, 2, 5.5, 5.5], 6, [t, 'prc'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['l'], [0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.l'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['u'], [0.1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.u'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['Pmax'], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.5, 0], 7,
[t, 'mu.Pmax'])
t_is(r['reserves']['cost'], ppc['reserves']['cost'], 12, [t, 'cost'])
t_is(r['reserves']['qty'], ppc['reserves']['qty'], 12, [t, 'qty'])
t_is(r['reserves']['totalcost'], 177.8047, 4, [t, 'totalcost'])
t = 'both extra & gen 6 no res : '
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
idx = list(range(3)) + [4] + list(range(3, 6))
ppc['gen'] = ppc['gen'][idx, :]
ppc['gencost'] = ppc['gencost'][idx, :]
ppc['reserves']['zones'] = ppc['reserves']['zones'][:, idx]
ppc['reserves']['cost'] = ppc['reserves']['cost'][idx]
ppc['reserves']['qty'] = ppc['reserves']['qty'][idx]
ppc['gen'][3, GEN_STATUS] = 0
ppc['reserves']['zones'][:, 5] = 0
ppc['reserves']['cost'] = delete(ppc['reserves']['cost'], 5)
ppc['reserves']['qty'] = delete(ppc['reserves']['qty'], 5)
r = runopf_w_res(ppc, ppopt)
t_is(r['reserves']['R'], [25, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 20], 4, [t, 'R'])
t_is(r['reserves']['prc'], [2, 2, 2, 5.5, 2, 0, 5.5], 6, [t, 'prc'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['l'], [0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.l'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['u'], [0.1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], 6, [t, 'mu.u'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['Pmax'], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.Pmax'])
t_is(r['reserves']['cost'], ppc['reserves']['cost'], 12, [t, 'cost'])
t_is(r['reserves']['qty'], ppc['reserves']['qty'], 12, [t, 'qty'])
t_is(r['reserves']['totalcost'], 187.5, 4, [t, 'totalcost'])
t = 'no qty (Rmax) : '
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
del ppc['reserves']['qty']
r = runopf_w_res(ppc, ppopt)
t_is(r['reserves']['R'], [39.3826, 0.6174, 0, 0, 19.3818, 0.6182], 4,
[t, 'R'])
t_is(r['reserves']['prc'], [2, 2, 2, 2, 5.5, 5.5], 5, [t, 'prc'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['l'], [0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0], 5, [t, 'mu.l'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['u'], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.u'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['Pmax'], [0.1, 0, 0, 0, 0.5, 0], 5,
[t, 'mu.Pmax'])
t_is(r['reserves']['cost'], ppc['reserves']['cost'], 12, [t, 'cost'])
t_is(r['reserves']['totalcost'], 176.3708, 4, [t, 'totalcost'])
t = 'RAMP_10, no qty (Rmax) : '
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
del ppc['reserves']['qty']
ppc['gen'][0, RAMP_10] = 25
r = runopf_w_res(ppc, ppopt)
t_is(r['reserves']['R'], [25, 15, 0, 0, 19.3906, 0.6094], 4, [t, 'R'])
t_is(r['reserves']['prc'], [2, 2, 2, 2, 5.5, 5.5], 6, [t, 'prc'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['l'], [0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.l'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['u'], [0.1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.u'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['Pmax'], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0.5, 0], 7, [t, 'mu.Pmax'])
t_is(r['reserves']['cost'], ppc['reserves']['cost'], 12, [t, 'cost'])
t_is(r['reserves']['totalcost'], 177.8047, 4, [t, 'totalcost'])
t_end()
from pypower.loadcase import loadcase
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
if __name__ == '__main__':
#########
# SETUP #
#########
print('---------------------------------------')
print('PYPOWER-Dynamics - 9 Bus Stability Test')
print('---------------------------------------')
# Load PYPOWER case
ppc = loadcase('case9.py')
# Program options
dynopt = {}
dynopt['h'] = 0.01 # step length (s)
dynopt['t_sim'] = 5.0 # simulation time (s)
dynopt[
'max_err'] = 1e-6 # Maximum error in network iteration (voltage mismatches)
dynopt['max_iter'] = 25 # Maximum number of network iterations
dynopt['verbose'] = False # option for verbose messages
dynopt['fn'] = 60 # Nominal system frequency (Hz)
dynopt[
'speed_volt'] = True # Speed-voltage term option (for current injection calculation)
# Integrator option
#dynopt['iopt'] = 'mod_euler'
from pypower.loadcase import loadcase
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
if __name__ == '__main__':
#########
# SETUP #
#########
print('---------------------------------------')
print('PYPOWER-Dynamics - 9 Bus Stability Test')
print('---------------------------------------')
# Load PYPOWER case
ppc = loadcase('case9.py')
# Program options
dynopt = {}
dynopt['h'] = 0.01 # step length (s)
dynopt['t_sim'] = 5.0 # simulation time (s)
dynopt['max_err'] = 1e-6 # Maximum error in network iteration (voltage mismatches)
dynopt['max_iter'] = 25 # Maximum number of network iterations
dynopt['verbose'] = False # option for verbose messages
dynopt['fn'] = 60 # Nominal system frequency (Hz)
dynopt['speed_volt'] = True # Speed-voltage term option (for current injection calculation)
# Integrator option
#dynopt['iopt'] = 'mod_euler'
dynopt['iopt'] = 'runge_kutta'
if __name__ == "__main__":
from unit_commitment.test_cases import case118
test_case = case118.case118()
from pypower.case118 import case118
from pypower.idx_brch import F_BUS, T_BUS, BR_X, TAP, SHIFT, BR_STATUS, RATE_A
from pypower.idx_cost import MODEL, NCOST, PW_LINEAR, COST, POLYNOMIAL
from pypower.idx_bus import BUS_TYPE, REF, VA, VM, PD, GS, VMAX, VMIN, BUS_I
from pypower.idx_gen import GEN_BUS, VG, PG, QG, PMAX, PMIN, QMAX, QMIN
from numpy import flatnonzero as find
casedata = case118()
mpc = loadcase.loadcase(casedata)
mpc = ext2int.ext2int(mpc)
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, gencost = mpc["baseMVA"], mpc["bus"], mpc[
"gen"], mpc["branch"], mpc["gencost"] #
nb = shape(mpc['bus'])[0] ## number of buses
nl = shape(mpc['branch'])[0] ## number of branches
ng = shape(mpc['gen'])[0] ## number of dispatchable injections
## Formualte the
stat = branch[:, BR_STATUS] ## ones at in-service branches
b = stat / branch[:, BR_X] ## series susceptance
tap = ones(nl) ## default tap ratio = 1
i = find(branch[:, TAP]) ## indices of non-zero tap ratios
tap[i] = branch[i, TAP] ## assign non-zero tap ratios
def t_opf_dc_gurobi(quiet=False):
"""Tests for DC optimal power flow using Gurobi solver.
"""
algs = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
num_tests = 23 * len(algs)
t_begin(num_tests, quiet)
tdir = dirname(__file__)
casefile = join(tdir, 't_case9_opf')
if quiet:
verbose = False
else:
verbose = False
ppopt = ppoption('OUT_ALL', 0, 'VERBOSE', verbose);
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, 'OPF_ALG_DC', 700);
## run DC OPF
if have_fcn('gurobipy'):
for k in range(len(algs)):
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, 'GRB_METHOD', algs[k])
methods = [
'automatic',
'primal simplex',
'dual simplex',
'barrier',
'concurrent',
'deterministic concurrent',
]
t0 = 'DC OPF (Gurobi %s): ' % methods[k]
## set up indices
ib_data = r_[arange(BUS_AREA + 1), arange(BASE_KV, VMIN + 1)]
ib_voltage = arange(VM, VA + 1)
ib_lam = arange(LAM_P, LAM_Q + 1)
ib_mu = arange(MU_VMAX, MU_VMIN + 1)
ig_data = r_[[GEN_BUS, QMAX, QMIN], arange(MBASE, APF + 1)]
ig_disp = array([PG, QG, VG])
ig_mu = arange(MU_PMAX, MU_QMIN + 1)
ibr_data = arange(ANGMAX + 1)
ibr_flow = arange(PF, QT + 1)
ibr_mu = array([MU_SF, MU_ST])
#ibr_angmu = array([MU_ANGMIN, MU_ANGMAX])
## get solved DC power flow case from MAT-file
## defines bus_soln, gen_soln, branch_soln, f_soln
soln9_dcopf = loadmat(join(tdir, 'soln9_dcopf.mat'),
struct_as_record=True)
bus_soln, gen_soln, branch_soln, f_soln = \
soln9_dcopf['bus_soln'], soln9_dcopf['gen_soln'], \
soln9_dcopf['branch_soln'], soln9_dcopf['f_soln']
## run OPF
t = t0
r = rundcopf(casefile, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch, f, success = \
r['bus'], r['gen'], r['branch'], r['f'], r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(f, f_soln, 3, [t, 'f'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_data ], bus_soln[:, ib_data ], 10, [t, 'bus data'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_voltage], bus_soln[:, ib_voltage], 3, [t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_lam ], bus_soln[:, ib_lam ], 3, [t, 'bus lambda'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_mu ], bus_soln[:, ib_mu ], 2, [t, 'bus mu'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_data ], gen_soln[:, ig_data ], 10, [t, 'gen data'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_disp ], gen_soln[:, ig_disp ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_mu ], gen_soln[:, ig_mu ], 3, [t, 'gen mu'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_data ], branch_soln[:, ibr_data ], 10, [t, 'branch data'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_flow ], branch_soln[:, ibr_flow ], 3, [t, 'branch flow'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_mu ], branch_soln[:, ibr_mu ], 2, [t, 'branch mu'])
##----- run OPF with extra linear user constraints & costs -----
## two new z variables
## 0 <= z1, P2 - P1 <= z1
## 0 <= z2, P2 - P3 <= z2
## with A and N sized for DC opf
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
row = [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1]
col = [9, 10, 12, 10, 11, 13]
ppc['A'] = sparse(([-1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1], (row, col)), (2, 14))
ppc['u'] = array([0, 0])
ppc['l'] = array([-Inf, -Inf])
ppc['zl'] = array([0, 0])
ppc['N'] = sparse(([1, 1], ([0, 1], [12, 13])), (2, 14)) ## new z variables only
ppc['fparm'] = ones((2, 1)) * array([[1, 0, 0, 1]]) ## w = r = z
ppc['H'] = sparse((2, 2)) ## no quadratic term
ppc['Cw'] = array([1000, 1])
t = ''.join([t0, 'w/extra constraints & costs 1 : '])
r = rundcopf(ppc, ppopt)
t_ok(r['success'], [t, 'success'])
t_is(r['gen'][0, PG], 116.15974, 4, [t, 'Pg1 = 116.15974'])
t_is(r['gen'][1, PG], 116.15974, 4, [t, 'Pg2 = 116.15974'])
t_is(r['var']['val']['z'], [0, 0.3348], 4, [t, 'user vars'])
t_is(r['cost']['usr'], 0.3348, 3, [t, 'user costs'])
## with A and N sized for AC opf
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
row = [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1]
col = [18, 19, 24, 19, 20, 25]
ppc['A'] = sparse(([-1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1], (row, col)), (2, 26))
ppc['u'] = array([0, 0])
ppc['l'] = array([-Inf, -Inf])
ppc['zl'] = array([0, 0])
ppc['N'] = sparse(([1, 1], ([0, 1], [24, 25])), (2, 26)) ## new z variables only
ppc['fparm'] = ones((2, 1)) * array([[1, 0, 0, 1]]) ## w = r = z
ppc['H'] = sparse((2, 2)) ## no quadratic term
ppc['Cw'] = array([1000, 1])
t = ''.join([t0, 'w/extra constraints & costs 2 : '])
r = rundcopf(ppc, ppopt)
t_ok(r['success'], [t, 'success'])
t_is(r['gen'][0, PG], 116.15974, 4, [t, 'Pg1 = 116.15974'])
t_is(r['gen'][1, PG], 116.15974, 4, [t, 'Pg2 = 116.15974'])
t_is(r['var']['val']['z'], [0, 0.3348], 4, [t, 'user vars'])
t_is(r['cost']['usr'], 0.3348, 3, [t, 'user costs'])
t = ''.join([t0, 'infeasible : '])
## with A and N sized for DC opf
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
ppc['A'] = sparse(([1, 1], ([0, 0], [9, 10])), (1, 14)) ## Pg1 + Pg2
ppc['u'] = array([Inf])
ppc['l'] = array([600])
r = rundcopf(ppc, ppopt)
t_ok(not r['success'], [t, 'no success'])
else:
t_skip(num_tests, 'Gurobi not available')
t_end()
def runpf(casedata=None, ppopt=None, fname='', solvedcase=''):
"""Runs a power flow.
Runs a power flow [full AC Newton's method by default] and optionally
returns the solved values in the data matrices, a flag which is C{True} if
the algorithm was successful in finding a solution, and the elapsed
time in seconds. All input arguments are optional. If C{casename} is
provided it specifies the name of the input data file or dict
containing the power flow data. The default value is 'case9'.
If the ppopt is provided it overrides the default PYPOWER options
vector and can be used to specify the solution algorithm and output
options among other things. If the 3rd argument is given the pretty
printed output will be appended to the file whose name is given in
C{fname}. If C{solvedcase} is specified the solved case will be written
to a case file in PYPOWER format with the specified name. If C{solvedcase}
ends with '.mat' it saves the case as a MAT-file otherwise it saves it
as a Python-file.
If the C{ENFORCE_Q_LIMS} options is set to C{True} [default is false] then
if any generator reactive power limit is violated after running the AC
power flow, the corresponding bus is converted to a PQ bus, with Qg at
the limit, and the case is re-run. The voltage magnitude at the bus
will deviate from the specified value in order to satisfy the reactive
power limit. If the reference bus is converted to PQ, the first
remaining PV bus will be used as the slack bus for the next iteration.
This may result in the real power output at this generator being
slightly off from the specified values.
Enforcing of generator Q limits inspired by contributions from Mu Lin,
Lincoln University, New Zealand (1/14/05).
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
"""
## default arguments
if casedata is None:
casedata = join(dirname(__file__), 'case9')
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt)
## options
verbose = ppopt["VERBOSE"]
qlim = ppopt["ENFORCE_Q_LIMS"] ## enforce Q limits on gens?
dc = ppopt["PF_DC"] ## use DC formulation?
## read data
ppc = loadcase(casedata)
## add zero columns to branch for flows if needed
if ppc["branch"].shape[1] < QT:
ppc["branch"] = c_[ppc["branch"],
zeros((ppc["branch"].shape[0],
QT - ppc["branch"].shape[1] + 1))]
## convert to internal indexing
ppc = ext2int(ppc)
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch = \
ppc["baseMVA"], ppc["bus"], ppc["gen"], ppc["branch"]
## get bus index lists of each type of bus
ref, pv, pq = bustypes(bus, gen)
## generator info
on = find(gen[:, GEN_STATUS] > 0) ## which generators are on?
gbus = gen[on, GEN_BUS].astype(int) ## what buses are they at?
##----- run the power flow -----
t0 = time()
if verbose > 0:
v = ppver('all')
stdout.write('PYPOWER Version %s, %s' % (v["Version"], v["Date"]))
if dc: # DC formulation
if verbose:
stdout.write(' -- DC Power Flow\n')
## initial state
Va0 = bus[:, VA] * (pi / 180)
## build B matrices and phase shift injections
B, Bf, Pbusinj, Pfinj = makeBdc(baseMVA, bus, branch)
## compute complex bus power injections [generation - load]
## adjusted for phase shifters and real shunts
Pbus = makeSbus(baseMVA, bus, gen).real - Pbusinj - bus[:, GS] / baseMVA
## "run" the power flow
Va = dcpf(B, Pbus, Va0, ref, pv, pq)
## update data matrices with solution
branch[:, [QF, QT]] = zeros((branch.shape[0], 2))
branch[:, PF] = (Bf * Va + Pfinj) * baseMVA
branch[:, PT] = -branch[:, PF]
bus[:, VM] = ones(bus.shape[0])
bus[:, VA] = Va * (180 / pi)
## update Pg for slack generator (1st gen at ref bus)
## (note: other gens at ref bus are accounted for in Pbus)
## Pg = Pinj + Pload + Gs
## newPg = oldPg + newPinj - oldPinj
refgen = zeros(len(ref), dtype=int)
for k in range(len(ref)):
temp = find(gbus == ref[k])
refgen[k] = on[temp[0]]
gen[refgen, PG] = gen[refgen, PG] + (B[ref, :] * Va - Pbus[ref]) * baseMVA
success = 1
else: ## AC formulation
alg = ppopt['PF_ALG']
if verbose > 0:
if alg == 1:
solver = 'Newton'
elif alg == 2:
solver = 'fast-decoupled, XB'
elif alg == 3:
solver = 'fast-decoupled, BX'
elif alg == 4:
solver = 'Gauss-Seidel'
else:
solver = 'unknown'
print(' -- AC Power Flow (%s)\n' % solver)
## initial state
# V0 = ones(bus.shape[0]) ## flat start
V0 = bus[:, VM] * exp(1j * pi/180 * bus[:, VA])
V0[gbus] = gen[on, VG] / abs(V0[gbus]) * V0[gbus]
if qlim:
ref0 = ref ## save index and angle of
Varef0 = bus[ref0, VA] ## original reference bus(es)
limited = [] ## list of indices of gens @ Q lims
fixedQg = zeros(gen.shape[0]) ## Qg of gens at Q limits
repeat = True
while repeat:
## build admittance matrices
Ybus, Yf, Yt = makeYbus(baseMVA, bus, branch)
## compute complex bus power injections [generation - load]
Sbus = makeSbus(baseMVA, bus, gen)
## run the power flow
alg = ppopt["PF_ALG"]
if alg == 1:
V, success, _ = newtonpf(Ybus, Sbus, V0, ref, pv, pq, ppopt)
elif alg == 2 or alg == 3:
Bp, Bpp = makeB(baseMVA, bus, branch, alg)
V, success, _ = fdpf(Ybus, Sbus, V0, Bp, Bpp, ref, pv, pq, ppopt)
elif alg == 4:
V, success, _ = gausspf(Ybus, Sbus, V0, ref, pv, pq, ppopt)
else:
stderr.write('Only Newton''s method, fast-decoupled, and '
'Gauss-Seidel power flow algorithms currently '
'implemented.\n')
## update data matrices with solution
bus, gen, branch = pfsoln(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, Ybus, Yf, Yt, V, ref, pv, pq)
if qlim: ## enforce generator Q limits
## find gens with violated Q constraints
gen_status = gen[:, GEN_STATUS] > 0
qg_max_lim = gen[:, QG] > gen[:, QMAX]
qg_min_lim = gen[:, QG] < gen[:, QMIN]
mx = find( gen_status & qg_max_lim )
mn = find( gen_status & qg_min_lim )
if len(mx) > 0 or len(mn) > 0: ## we have some Q limit violations
# No PV generators
if len(pv) == 0:
if verbose:
if len(mx) > 0:
print('Gen %d [only one left] exceeds upper Q limit : INFEASIBLE PROBLEM\n' % mx + 1)
else:
print('Gen %d [only one left] exceeds lower Q limit : INFEASIBLE PROBLEM\n' % mn + 1)
success = 0
break
## one at a time?
if qlim == 2: ## fix largest violation, ignore the rest
k = argmax(r_[gen[mx, QG] - gen[mx, QMAX],
gen[mn, QMIN] - gen[mn, QG]])
if k > len(mx):
mn = mn[k - len(mx)]
mx = []
else:
mx = mx[k]
mn = []
if verbose and len(mx) > 0:
for i in range(len(mx)):
print('Gen ' + str(mx[i] + 1) + ' at upper Q limit, converting to PQ bus\n')
if verbose and len(mn) > 0:
for i in range(len(mn)):
print('Gen ' + str(mn[i] + 1) + ' at lower Q limit, converting to PQ bus\n')
## save corresponding limit values
fixedQg[mx] = gen[mx, QMAX]
fixedQg[mn] = gen[mn, QMIN]
mx = r_[mx, mn].astype(int)
## convert to PQ bus
gen[mx, QG] = fixedQg[mx] ## set Qg to binding
for i in range(len(mx)): ## [one at a time, since they may be at same bus]
gen[mx[i], GEN_STATUS] = 0 ## temporarily turn off gen,
bi = gen[mx[i], GEN_BUS] ## adjust load accordingly,
bus[bi, [PD, QD]] = (bus[bi, [PD, QD]] - gen[mx[i], [PG, QG]])
if len(ref) > 1 and any(bus[gen[mx, GEN_BUS], BUS_TYPE] == REF):
raise ValueError('Sorry, PYPOWER cannot enforce Q '
'limits for slack buses in systems '
'with multiple slacks.')
bus[gen[mx, GEN_BUS].astype(int), BUS_TYPE] = PQ ## & set bus type to PQ
## update bus index lists of each type of bus
ref_temp = ref
ref, pv, pq = bustypes(bus, gen)
if verbose and ref != ref_temp:
print('Bus %d is new slack bus\n' % ref)
limited = r_[limited, mx].astype(int)
else:
repeat = 0 ## no more generator Q limits violated
else:
repeat = 0 ## don't enforce generator Q limits, once is enough
if qlim and len(limited) > 0:
## restore injections from limited gens [those at Q limits]
gen[limited, QG] = fixedQg[limited] ## restore Qg value,
for i in range(len(limited)): ## [one at a time, since they may be at same bus]
bi = gen[limited[i], GEN_BUS] ## re-adjust load,
bus[bi, [PD, QD]] = bus[bi, [PD, QD]] + gen[limited[i], [PG, QG]]
gen[limited[i], GEN_STATUS] = 1 ## and turn gen back on
if ref != ref0:
## adjust voltage angles to make original ref bus correct
bus[:, VA] = bus[:, VA] - bus[ref0, VA] + Varef0
ppc["et"] = time() - t0
ppc["success"] = success
##----- output results -----
## convert back to original bus numbering & print results
ppc["bus"], ppc["gen"], ppc["branch"] = bus, gen, branch
results = int2ext(ppc)
## zero out result fields of out-of-service gens & branches
if len(results["order"]["gen"]["status"]["off"]) > 0:
results["gen"][ix_(results["order"]["gen"]["status"]["off"], [PG, QG])] = 0
if len(results["order"]["branch"]["status"]["off"]) > 0:
results["branch"][ix_(results["order"]["branch"]["status"]["off"], [PF, QF, PT, QT])] = 0
if fname:
fd = None
try:
fd = open(fname, "a")
except Exception as detail:
stderr.write("Error opening %s: %s.\n" % (fname, detail))
finally:
if fd is not None:
printpf(results, fd, ppopt)
fd.close()
else:
printpf(results, stdout, ppopt)
## save solved case
if solvedcase:
savecase(solvedcase, results)
return results, success
def t_opf_userfcns(quiet=False):
"""Tests for userfcn callbacks (reserves/iflims) w/OPF.
Includes high-level tests of reserves and iflims implementations.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
@author: Richard Lincoln
"""
t_begin(38, quiet)
tdir = dirname(__file__)
casefile = join(tdir, 't_case30_userfcns')
verbose = 0 #not quiet
ppopt = ppoption(OPF_VIOLATION=1e-6,
PDIPM_GRADTOL=1e-8,
PDIPM_COMPTOL=1e-8,
PDIPM_COSTTOL=1e-9)
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt,
OUT_ALL=0,
VERBOSE=verbose,
OPF_ALG=560,
OPF_ALG_DC=200)
#ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, OUT_ALL=-1, VERBOSE=2, OUT_GEN=1)
## run the OPF with fixed reserves
t = 'fixed reserves : '
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
ppc = toggle_reserves(ppc, 'on')
r = runopf(ppc, ppopt)
t_ok(r['success'], [t, 'success'])
t_is(r['reserves']['R'], [25, 15, 0, 0, 19.3906, 0.6094], 4,
[t, 'reserves.R'])
t_is(r['reserves']['prc'], [2, 2, 2, 2, 5.5, 5.5], 4, [t, 'reserves.prc'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['Pmax'], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0.5, 0], 4,
[t, 'reserves.mu.Pmax'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['l'], [0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0], 4, [t, 'reserves.mu.l'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['u'], [0.1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], 4,
[t, 'reserves.mu.u'])
t_ok('P' not in r['if'], [t, 'no iflims'])
t_is(r['reserves']['totalcost'], 177.8047, 4, [t, 'totalcost'])
t = 'toggle_reserves(ppc, \'off\') : '
ppc = toggle_reserves(ppc, 'off')
r = runopf(ppc, ppopt)
t_ok(r['success'], [t, 'success'])
t_ok('R' not in r['reserves'], [t, 'no reserves'])
t_ok('P' not in r['if'], [t, 'no iflims'])
t = 'interface flow lims (DC) : '
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
ppc = toggle_iflims(ppc, 'on')
r = rundcopf(ppc, ppopt)
t_ok(r['success'], [t, 'success'])
t_is(r['if']['P'], [-15, 20], 4, [t, 'if.P'])
t_is(r['if']['mu']['l'], [4.8427, 0], 4, [t, 'if.mu.l'])
t_is(r['if']['mu']['u'], [0, 13.2573], 4, [t, 'if.mu.u'])
t_is(r['branch'][13, PF], 8.244, 3, [t, 'flow in branch 14'])
t_ok('R' not in r['reserves'], [t, 'no reserves'])
t = 'reserves + interface flow lims (DC) : '
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
ppc = toggle_reserves(ppc, 'on')
ppc = toggle_iflims(ppc, 'on')
r = rundcopf(ppc, ppopt)
t_ok(r['success'], [t, 'success'])
t_is(r['if']['P'], [-15, 20], 4, [t, 'if.P'])
t_is(r['if']['mu']['l'], [4.8427, 0], 4, [t, 'if.mu.l'])
t_is(r['if']['mu']['u'], [0, 38.2573], 4, [t, 'if.mu.u'])
t_is(r['reserves']['R'], [25, 15, 0, 0, 16.9, 3.1], 4, [t, 'reserves.R'])
t_is(r['reserves']['prc'], [2, 2, 2, 2, 5.5, 5.5], 4, [t, 'reserves.prc'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['Pmax'], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0.5, 0], 4,
[t, 'reserves.mu.Pmax'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['l'], [0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0], 4, [t, 'reserves.mu.l'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['u'], [0.1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], 4,
[t, 'reserves.mu.u'])
t_is(r['reserves']['totalcost'], 179.05, 4, [t, 'totalcost'])
t = 'interface flow lims (AC) : '
ppc = toggle_reserves(ppc, 'off')
r = runopf(ppc, ppopt)
t_ok(r['success'], [t, 'success'])
t_is(r['if']['P'], [-9.101, 21.432], 3, [t, 'if.P'])
t_is(r['if']['mu']['l'], [0, 0], 4, [t, 'if.mu.l'])
t_is(r['if']['mu']['u'], [0, 10.198], 3, [t, 'if.mu.u'])
t_ok('R' not in r['reserves'], [t, 'no reserves'])
t = 'interface flow lims (line out) : '
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
ppc = toggle_iflims(ppc, 'on')
ppc['branch'][11, BR_STATUS] = 0 ## take out line 6-10
r = rundcopf(ppc, ppopt)
t_ok(r['success'], [t, 'success'])
t_is(r['if']['P'], [-15, 20], 4, [t, 'if.P'])
t_is(r['if']['mu']['l'], [4.8427, 0], 4, [t, 'if.mu.l'])
t_is(r['if']['mu']['u'], [0, 13.2573], 4, [t, 'if.mu.u'])
t_is(r['branch'][13, PF], 10.814, 3, [t, 'flow in branch 14'])
t_ok('R' not in r['reserves'], [t, 'no reserves'])
# r['reserves']['R']
# r['reserves']['prc']
# r['reserves']['mu.Pmax']
# r['reserves']['mu']['l']
# r['reserves']['mu']['u']
# r['reserves']['totalcost']
#
# r['if']['P']
# r['if']['mu']['l']
# r['if']['mu']['u']
t_end()
def t_opf_dc_pips(quiet=False):
"""Tests for DC optimal power flow using PIPS solver.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
@author: Richard Lincoln
"""
num_tests = 23
t_begin(num_tests, quiet)
tdir = dirname(__file__)
casefile = join(tdir, 't_case9_opf')
verbose = 0#not quiet
t0 = 'DC OPF (PIPS): '
ppopt = ppoption(VERBOSE=verbose, OUT_ALL=0, OPF_ALG_DC=200)
## run DC OPF
## set up indices
ib_data = r_[arange(BUS_AREA + 1), arange(BASE_KV, VMIN + 1)]
ib_voltage = arange(VM, VA + 1)
ib_lam = arange(LAM_P, LAM_Q + 1)
ib_mu = arange(MU_VMAX, MU_VMIN + 1)
ig_data = r_[[GEN_BUS, QMAX, QMIN], arange(MBASE, APF + 1)]
ig_disp = array([PG, QG, VG])
ig_mu = arange(MU_PMAX, MU_QMIN + 1)
ibr_data = arange(ANGMAX + 1)
ibr_flow = arange(PF, QT + 1)
ibr_mu = array([MU_SF, MU_ST])
#ibr_angmu = array([MU_ANGMIN, MU_ANGMAX])
## get solved DC power flow case from MAT-file
soln9_dcopf = loadmat(join(tdir, 'soln9_dcopf.mat'), struct_as_record=True)
## defines bus_soln, gen_soln, branch_soln, f_soln
bus_soln = soln9_dcopf['bus_soln']
gen_soln = soln9_dcopf['gen_soln']
branch_soln = soln9_dcopf['branch_soln']
f_soln = soln9_dcopf['f_soln'][0]
## run OPF
t = t0
r = rundcopf(casefile, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch, f, success = \
r['bus'], r['gen'], r['branch'], r['f'], r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(f, f_soln, 3, [t, 'f'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_data ], bus_soln[:, ib_data ], 10, [t, 'bus data'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_voltage], bus_soln[:, ib_voltage], 3, [t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_lam ], bus_soln[:, ib_lam ], 3, [t, 'bus lambda'])
t_is( bus[:, ib_mu ], bus_soln[:, ib_mu ], 2, [t, 'bus mu'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_data ], gen_soln[:, ig_data ], 10, [t, 'gen data'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_disp ], gen_soln[:, ig_disp ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is( gen[:, ig_mu ], gen_soln[:, ig_mu ], 3, [t, 'gen mu'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_data ], branch_soln[:, ibr_data ], 10, [t, 'branch data'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_flow ], branch_soln[:, ibr_flow ], 3, [t, 'branch flow'])
t_is(branch[:, ibr_mu ], branch_soln[:, ibr_mu ], 2, [t, 'branch mu'])
##----- run OPF with extra linear user constraints & costs -----
## two new z variables
## 0 <= z1, P2 - P1 <= z1
## 0 <= z2, P2 - P3 <= z2
## with A and N sized for DC opf
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
row = [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1]
col = [9, 10, 12, 10, 11, 13]
ppc['A'] = sparse(([-1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1], (row, col)), (2, 14))
ppc['u'] = array([0, 0])
ppc['l'] = array([-Inf, -Inf])
ppc['zl'] = array([0, 0])
ppc['N'] = sparse(([1, 1], ([0, 1], [12, 13])), (2, 14)) ## new z variables only
ppc['fparm'] = ones((2, 1)) * array([[1, 0, 0, 1]]) ## w = r = z
ppc['H'] = sparse((2, 2)) ## no quadratic term
ppc['Cw'] = array([1000, 1])
t = ''.join([t0, 'w/extra constraints & costs 1 : '])
r = rundcopf(ppc, ppopt)
t_ok(r['success'], [t, 'success'])
t_is(r['gen'][0, PG], 116.15974, 4, [t, 'Pg1 = 116.15974'])
t_is(r['gen'][1, PG], 116.15974, 4, [t, 'Pg2 = 116.15974'])
t_is(r['var']['val']['z'], [0, 0.3348], 4, [t, 'user vars'])
t_is(r['cost']['usr'], 0.3348, 3, [t, 'user costs'])
## with A and N sized for AC opf
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
row = [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1]
col = [18, 19, 24, 19, 20, 25]
ppc['A'] = sparse(([-1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1], (row, col)), (2, 26))
ppc['u'] = array([0, 0])
ppc['l'] = array([-Inf, -Inf])
ppc['zl'] = array([0, 0])
ppc['N'] = sparse(([1, 1], ([0, 1], [24, 25])), (2, 26)) ## new z variables only
ppc['fparm'] = ones((2, 1)) * array([[1, 0, 0, 1]]) ## w = r = z
ppc['H'] = sparse((2, 2)) ## no quadratic term
ppc['Cw'] = array([1000, 1])
t = ''.join([t0, 'w/extra constraints & costs 2 : '])
r = rundcopf(ppc, ppopt)
t_ok(r['success'], [t, 'success'])
t_is(r['gen'][0, PG], 116.15974, 4, [t, 'Pg1 = 116.15974'])
t_is(r['gen'][1, PG], 116.15974, 4, [t, 'Pg2 = 116.15974'])
t_is(r['var']['val']['z'], [0, 0.3348], 4, [t, 'user vars'])
t_is(r['cost']['usr'], 0.3348, 3, [t, 'user costs'])
t = ''.join([t0, 'infeasible : '])
## with A and N sized for DC opf
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
ppc['A'] = sparse(([1, 1], ([0, 0], [9, 10])), (1, 14)) ## Pg1 + Pg2
ppc['u'] = array([Inf])
ppc['l'] = array([600])
r = rundcopf(ppc, ppopt)
t_ok(not r['success'], [t, 'no success'])
t_end()
def t_runmarket(quiet=False):
"""Tests for code in C{runmkt}, C{smartmkt} and C{auction}.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
"""
n_tests = 20
t_begin(n_tests, quiet)
try:
from pypower.extras.smartmarket import runmarket
except ImportError:
t_skip(n_tests, 'smartmarket code not available')
t_end
return
ppc = loadcase('t_auction_case')
ppopt = ppoption(OPF_ALG=560, OUT_ALL_LIM=1, OUT_BRANCH=0, OUT_SYS_SUM=0)
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, OUT_ALL=0, VERBOSE=1)
#ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, OUT_GEN=1, OUT_BRANCH=0, OUT_SYS_SUM=0)
offers = {'P': {}, 'Q': {}}
bids = {'P': {}, 'Q': {}}
offers['P']['qty'] = array([[12, 24, 24], [12, 24, 24], [12, 24, 24],
[12, 24, 24], [12, 24, 24], [12, 24, 24]])
offers['P']['prc'] = array([[20, 50, 60], [20, 40, 70], [20, 42, 80],
[20, 44, 90], [20, 46, 75], [20, 48, 60]])
bids['P']['qty'] = array([[10, 10, 10], [10, 10, 10], [10, 10, 10]])
bids['P']['prc'] = array([
[100, 70, 60],
# [100, 64.3, 20],
# [100, 30.64545, 0],
[100, 50, 20],
[100, 60, 50]
])
offers['Q']['qty'] = [60, 60, 60, 60, 60, 60, 0, 0, 0]
offers['Q']['prc'] = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0]
bids.Q['qty'] = [15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 12, 7.5]
# bids.Q['prc'] = [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 83.9056, 0 ]
bids.Q['prc'] = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 20, 0]
t = 'marginal Q offer, marginal PQ bid, auction_type = 5'
mkt = {'auction_type': 5, 't': [], 'u0': [], 'lim': []}
r, co, cb, _, _, _, _ = runmarket(ppc, offers, bids, mkt, ppopt)
co5 = co.copy()
cb5 = cb.copy()
# [ co['P']['qty'] co['P']['prc'] ]
# [ cb['P']['qty'] cb['P']['prc'] ]
# [ co['Q']['qty'] co['Q']['prc'] ]
# [ cb['Q']['qty'] cb['Q']['prc'] ]
i2e = r['bus'][:, BUS_I]
e2i = sparse((max(i2e), 1))
e2i[i2e] = list(range(r['bus'].size))
G = find(isload(r['gen']) == 0) ## real generators
L = find(isload(r['gen'])) ## dispatchable loads
Gbus = e2i[r['gen'][G, GEN_BUS]]
Lbus = e2i[r['gen'][L, GEN_BUS]]
t_is(co['P']['qty'],
ones((6, 1)) * [12, 24, 0], 2, [t, ' : gen P quantities'])
t_is(co['P']['prc'][0, :], 50.1578, 3, [t, ' : gen 1 P prices'])
t_is(cb['P']['qty'], [[10, 10, 10], [10, 0.196, 0], [10, 10, 0]], 2,
[t, ' : load P quantities'])
t_is(cb['P']['prc'][1, :], 56.9853, 4, [t, ' : load 2 P price'])
t_is(co['P']['prc'][:, 0], r['bus'][Gbus, LAM_P], 8,
[t, ' : gen P prices'])
t_is(cb['P']['prc'][:, 0], r['bus'][Lbus, LAM_P], 8,
[t, ' : load P prices'])
t_is(co['Q']['qty'],
[4.2722, 11.3723, 14.1472, 22.8939, 36.7886, 12.3375, 0, 0, 0], 2,
[t, ' : Q offer quantities'])
t_is(co['Q']['prc'], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0.4861, 2.5367, 1.3763], 4,
[t, ' : Q offer prices'])
t_is(cb['Q']['qty'], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 4.0785, 5], 2,
[t, ' : Q bid quantities'])
t_is(cb['Q']['prc'], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0.4861, 2.5367, 1.3763], 4,
[t, ' : Q bid prices'])
t_is(co['Q']['prc'], r['bus'][[Gbus, Lbus], LAM_Q], 8,
[t, ' : Q offer prices'])
t_is(cb['Q']['prc'], co['Q']['prc'], 8, [t, ' : Q bid prices'])
t = 'marginal Q offer, marginal PQ bid, auction_type = 0'
mkt['auction_type'] = 0
r, co, cb, _, _, _, _ = runmarket(ppc, offers, bids, mkt, ppopt)
t_is(co['P']['qty'], co5['P']['qty'], 8, [t, ' : gen P quantities'])
t_is(cb['P']['qty'], cb5['P']['qty'], 8, [t, ' : load P quantities'])
t_is(co['P']['prc'], offers['P']['prc'], 8, [t, ' : gen P prices'])
t_is(cb['P']['prc'], bids['P']['prc'], 8, [t, ' : load P prices'])
t_is(co['Q']['qty'], co5['Q']['qty'], 8, [t, ' : gen Q quantities'])
t_is(cb['Q']['qty'], cb5['Q']['qty'], 8, [t, ' : load Q quantities'])
t_is(co['Q']['prc'], offers['Q']['prc'], 8, [t, ' : gen Q prices'])
t_is(cb['Q']['prc'], bids['Q']['prc'], 8, [t, ' : load Q prices'])
t_end
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from omf.scratch.transients import montefaults as mf
if __name__ == '__main__':
#########
# SETUP #
#########
print('----------------------------------------')
print('PYPOWER-Dynamics - Classical 9 Bus Test')
print('----------------------------------------')
# Load PYPOWER case
ppc = loadcase('ocrakoke.py')
# Program options
dynopt = {}
dynopt['h'] = 0.001 # step length (s)
dynopt['t_sim'] = 200.0 # simulation time (s)
dynopt[
'max_err'] = 1e-6 # Maximum error in network iteration (voltage mismatches)
dynopt['max_iter'] = 25 # Maximum number of network iterations
dynopt['verbose'] = False # option for verbose messages
dynopt['fn'] = 60 # Nominal system frequency (Hz)
# Integrator option
dynopt['iopt'] = 'mod_euler'
#dynopt['iopt'] = 'runge_kutta'
def t_pf(quiet=False):
"""Tests for power flow solvers.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
"""
t_begin(33, quiet)
tdir = dirname(__file__)
casefile = join(tdir, 't_case9_pf')
verbose = not quiet
ppopt = ppoption(VERBOSE=verbose, OUT_ALL=0)
## get solved AC power flow case from MAT-file
## defines bus_soln, gen_soln, branch_soln
soln9_pf = loadmat(join(tdir, 'soln9_pf.mat'), struct_as_record=False)
bus_soln = soln9_pf['bus_soln']
gen_soln = soln9_pf['gen_soln']
branch_soln = soln9_pf['branch_soln']
## run Newton PF
t = 'Newton PF : ';
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, PF_ALG=1)
results, success = runpf(casefile, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch = results['bus'], results['gen'], results['branch']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(bus, bus_soln, 6, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen, gen_soln, 6, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch, branch_soln, 6, [t, 'branch'])
## run fast-decoupled PF (XB version)
t = 'Fast Decoupled (XB) PF : ';
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, PF_ALG=2)
results, success = runpf(casefile, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch = results['bus'], results['gen'], results['branch']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(bus, bus_soln, 6, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen, gen_soln, 6, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch, branch_soln, 6, [t, 'branch'])
## run fast-decoupled PF (BX version)
t = 'Fast Decoupled (BX) PF : ';
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, PF_ALG=3)
results, success = runpf(casefile, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch = results['bus'], results['gen'], results['branch']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(bus, bus_soln, 6, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen, gen_soln, 6, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch, branch_soln, 6, [t, 'branch'])
## run Gauss-Seidel PF
t = 'Gauss-Seidel PF : ';
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, PF_ALG=4)
results, success = runpf(casefile, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch = results['bus'], results['gen'], results['branch']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(bus, bus_soln, 5, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen, gen_soln, 5, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch, branch_soln, 5, [t, 'branch'])
## get solved AC power flow case from MAT-file
## defines bus_soln, gen_soln, branch_soln
soln9_dcpf = loadmat(join(tdir, 'soln9_dcpf.mat'), struct_as_record=False)
bus_soln = soln9_dcpf['bus_soln']
gen_soln = soln9_dcpf['gen_soln']
branch_soln = soln9_dcpf['branch_soln']
## run DC PF
t = 'DC PF : '
results, success = rundcpf(casefile, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch = results['bus'], results['gen'], results['branch']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(bus, bus_soln, 6, [t, 'bus'])
t_is(gen, gen_soln, 6, [t, 'gen'])
t_is(branch, branch_soln, 6, [t, 'branch'])
## check Qg distribution, when Qmin = Qmax
t = 'check Qg : '
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, PF_ALG=1, VERBOSE=0)
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
ppc['gen'][0, [QMIN, QMAX]] = [20, 20]
results, success = runpf(ppc, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch = results['bus'], results['gen'], results['branch']
t_is(gen[0, QG], 24.07, 2, [t, 'single gen, Qmin = Qmax'])
ppc['gen'] = r_[array([ ppc['gen'][0, :] ]), ppc['gen']]
ppc['gen'][0, [QMIN, QMAX]] = [10, 10]
ppc['gen'][1, [QMIN, QMAX]] = [ 0, 50]
results, success = runpf(ppc, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch = results['bus'], results['gen'], results['branch']
t_is(gen[0:2, QG], [10, 14.07], 2, [t, '2 gens, Qmin = Qmax for one'])
ppc['gen'][0, [QMIN, QMAX]] = [10, 10]
ppc['gen'][1, [QMIN, QMAX]] = [-50, -50]
results, success = runpf(ppc, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch = results['bus'], results['gen'], results['branch']
t_is(gen[0:2, QG], [12.03, 12.03], 2, [t, '2 gens, Qmin = Qmax for both'])
ppc['gen'][0, [QMIN, QMAX]] = [0, 50]
ppc['gen'][1, [QMIN, QMAX]] = [0, 100]
results, success = runpf(ppc, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch = results['bus'], results['gen'], results['branch']
t_is(gen[0:2, QG], [8.02, 16.05], 2, [t, '2 gens, proportional'])
ppc['gen'][0, [QMIN, QMAX]] = [-50, 0]
ppc['gen'][1, [QMIN, QMAX]] = [50, 150]
results, success = runpf(ppc, ppopt)
bus, gen, branch = results['bus'], results['gen'], results['branch']
t_is(gen[0:2, QG], [-50 + 8.02, 50 + 16.05], 2, [t, '2 gens, proportional'])
## network with islands
t = 'network w/islands : DC PF : '
ppc0 = loadcase(casefile)
ppc0['gen'][0, PG] = 60
ppc0['gen'][0, [PMIN, PMAX, QMIN, QMAX, PG, QG]] = \
ppc0['gen'][0, [PMIN, PMAX, QMIN, QMAX, PG, QG]] / 2
ppc0['gen'] = r_[array([ ppc0['gen'][0, :] ]), ppc0['gen']]
ppc1 = ppc0.copy()
ppc = ppc0.copy()
nb = ppc['bus'].shape[0]
ppc1['bus'][:, BUS_I] = ppc1['bus'][:, BUS_I] + nb
ppc1['branch'][:, F_BUS] = ppc1['branch'][:, F_BUS] + nb
ppc1['branch'][:, T_BUS] = ppc1['branch'][:, T_BUS] + nb
ppc1['gen'][:, GEN_BUS] = ppc1['gen'][:, GEN_BUS] + nb
ppc['bus'] = r_[ppc['bus'], ppc1['bus']]
ppc['branch'] = r_[ppc['branch'], ppc1['branch']]
ppc['gen'] = r_[ppc['gen'], ppc1['gen']]
#ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, OUT_BUS=1, OUT_GEN=1, OUT_ALL=-1, VERBOSE=2)
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, VERBOSE=verbose)
r = rundcpf(ppc, ppopt)
t_is(r['bus'][ :9, VA], bus_soln[:, VA], 8, [t, 'voltage angles 1'])
t_is(r['bus'][10:18, VA], bus_soln[:, VA], 8, [t, 'voltage angles 2'])
Pg = r_[gen_soln[0, PG] - 30, 30, gen_soln[1:3, PG]]
t_is(r['gen'][ :4, PG], Pg, 8, [t, 'active power generation 1'])
t_is(r['gen'][4:8, PG], Pg, 8, [t, 'active power generation 1'])
t = 'network w/islands : AC PF : '
## get solved AC power flow case from MAT-file
soln9_pf = loadmat(join(tdir, 'soln9_pf.mat'), struct_as_record=False)
bus_soln = soln9_pf['bus_soln']
gen_soln = soln9_pf['gen_soln']
branch_soln = soln9_pf['branch_soln']
r = runpf(ppc, ppopt)
t_is(r['bus'][ :9, VA], bus_soln[:, VA], 8, [t, 'voltage angles 1'])
t_is(r['bus'][9:18, VA], bus_soln[:, VA], 8, [t, 'voltage angles 2'])
Pg = r_[gen_soln[0, PG] - 30, 30, gen_soln[1:3, PG]]
t_is(r['gen'][ :4, PG], Pg, 8, [t, 'active power generation 1'])
t_is(r['gen'][4:8, PG], Pg, 8, [t, 'active power generation 1'])
t_end()
from freadexcel import freadexcel from fstoreresult import fstoreresult from fwriteinexcel import fwriteinexcel import os import numpy as np # Names of the data folder and output files foldername = 'Data_été' filename = 'results_name.txt' xlsname = 'results_name.xls' mapname = 'map_name.png' # Extracting data from xls files and creating 4 ppc matrices os.chdir(foldername) ppc = loadcase(caseproject()) bus, gen, branch, gencost = freadexcel() ppc["bus"] = bus ppc["branch"] = branch ppc["gen"] = gen ppc["gencost"] = gencost # Running the simulation r = rundcopf(ppc, fname=filename) # Storing results results_gen, results_load_lambda, results_branch = fstoreresult(r) # Writing results in xls file # fwriteinexcel(xlsname, results_gen, results_load_lambda, results_branch)
from pypower.idx_bus import BUS_TYPE, BUS_AREA, PD, QD
from pypower.idx_gen import GEN_STATUS, GEN_BUS, PMAX, PMIN, QMAX, QMIN
from pypower.idx_cost import COST
from findTieline import findTieline
from runWorker import runWorker
from opf_admm_model import opf_admm_model
os.system("taskset -p 0xff %d" % os.getpid())
#---------------- basic system configuration ---------------------------------
caseFile = join(
'/Users/junyaoguo/anaconda/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pypower', 'case14')
# load a test power system
ppc = loadcase(caseFile)
# convert to internal numbering, remove out-of-service stuff
ppc = ext2int(ppc)
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, gencost = \
ppc["baseMVA"], ppc["bus"], ppc["gen"], ppc["branch"], ppc["gencost"]
slack = find(bus[:, BUS_TYPE] == 3) # an array of indices
gen_active = find(gen[:, GEN_STATUS] == 1)
genBus = gen[gen_active, GEN_BUS]
## convert to p.u.
bus[:, [PD, QD]] /= baseMVA
gen[:, [PMAX, PMIN, QMAX, QMIN]] /= baseMVA
gencost[:, COST] *= baseMVA**2
gencost[:, COST + 1] *= baseMVA
## problem dimensions
def t_dcline(quiet=False):
"""Tests for DC line extension in L{{toggle_dcline}.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
"""
num_tests = 50
t_begin(num_tests, quiet)
tdir = dirname(__file__)
casefile = join(tdir, 't_case9_dcline')
if quiet:
verbose = False
else:
verbose = False
t0 = ''
ppopt = ppoption(OPF_VIOLATION=1e-6,
PDIPM_GRADTOL=1e-8,
PDIPM_COMPTOL=1e-8,
PDIPM_COSTTOL=1e-9)
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, OPF_ALG=560, OPF_ALG_DC=200)
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, OUT_ALL=0, VERBOSE=verbose)
## set up indices
ib_data = r_[arange(BUS_AREA + 1), arange(BASE_KV, VMIN + 1)]
ib_voltage = arange(VM, VA + 1)
ib_lam = arange(LAM_P, LAM_Q + 1)
ib_mu = arange(MU_VMAX, MU_VMIN + 1)
ig_data = r_[[GEN_BUS, QMAX, QMIN], arange(MBASE, APF + 1)]
ig_disp = array([PG, QG, VG])
ig_mu = arange(MU_PMAX, MU_QMIN + 1)
ibr_data = arange(ANGMAX + 1)
ibr_flow = arange(PF, QT + 1)
ibr_mu = array([MU_SF, MU_ST])
ibr_angmu = array([MU_ANGMIN, MU_ANGMAX])
## load case
ppc0 = loadcase(casefile)
del ppc0['dclinecost']
ppc = ppc0
ppc = toggle_dcline(ppc, 'on')
ppc = toggle_dcline(ppc, 'off')
ndc = ppc['dcline'].shape[0]
## run AC OPF w/o DC lines
t = ''.join([t0, 'AC OPF (no DC lines) : '])
r0 = runopf(ppc0, ppopt)
success = r0['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
r = runopf(ppc, ppopt)
success = r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(r['f'], r0['f'], 8, [t, 'f'])
t_is(r['bus'][:, ib_data], r0['bus'][:, ib_data], 10, [t, 'bus data'])
t_is(r['bus'][:, ib_voltage], r0['bus'][:, ib_voltage], 3,
[t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is(r['bus'][:, ib_lam], r0['bus'][:, ib_lam], 3, [t, 'bus lambda'])
t_is(r['bus'][:, ib_mu], r0['bus'][:, ib_mu], 2, [t, 'bus mu'])
t_is(r['gen'][:, ig_data], r0['gen'][:, ig_data], 10, [t, 'gen data'])
t_is(r['gen'][:, ig_disp], r0['gen'][:, ig_disp], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is(r['gen'][:, ig_mu], r0['gen'][:, ig_mu], 3, [t, 'gen mu'])
t_is(r['branch'][:, ibr_data], r0['branch'][:, ibr_data], 10,
[t, 'branch data'])
t_is(r['branch'][:, ibr_flow], r0['branch'][:, ibr_flow], 3,
[t, 'branch flow'])
t_is(r['branch'][:, ibr_mu], r0['branch'][:, ibr_mu], 2, [t, 'branch mu'])
t = ''.join([t0, 'AC PF (no DC lines) : '])
ppc1 = {
'baseMVA': r['baseMVA'],
'bus': r['bus'][:, :VMIN + 1].copy(),
'gen': r['gen'][:, :APF + 1].copy(),
'branch': r['branch'][:, :ANGMAX + 1].copy(),
'gencost': r['gencost'].copy(),
'dcline': r['dcline'][:, :c.LOSS1 + 1].copy()
}
ppc1['bus'][:, VM] = 1
ppc1['bus'][:, VA] = 0
rp = runpf(ppc1, ppopt)
success = rp['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(rp['bus'][:, ib_voltage], r['bus'][:, ib_voltage], 3,
[t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is(rp['gen'][:, ig_disp], r['gen'][:, ig_disp], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is(rp['branch'][:, ibr_flow], r['branch'][:, ibr_flow], 3,
[t, 'branch flow'])
## run with DC lines
t = ''.join([t0, 'AC OPF (with DC lines) : '])
ppc = toggle_dcline(ppc, 'on')
r = runopf(ppc, ppopt)
success = r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
expected = array([[10, 8.9, -10, 10, 1.0674, 1.0935],
[2.2776, 2.2776, 0, 0, 1.0818, 1.0665],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 1.0000, 1.0000],
[10, 9.5, 0.0563, -10, 1.0778, 1.0665]])
t_is(r['dcline'][:, c.PF:c.VT + 1], expected, 4, [t, 'P Q V'])
expected = array([[0, 0.8490, 0.6165, 0, 0, 0.2938],
[0, 0, 0, 0.4290, 0.0739, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 7.2209, 0, 0, 0.0739, 0]])
t_is(r['dcline'][:, c.MU_PMIN:c.MU_QMAXT + 1], expected, 3, [t, 'mu'])
t = ''.join([t0, 'AC PF (with DC lines) : '])
ppc1 = {
'baseMVA': r['baseMVA'],
'bus': r['bus'][:, :VMIN + 1].copy(),
'gen': r['gen'][:, :APF + 1].copy(),
'branch': r['branch'][:, :ANGMAX + 1].copy(),
'gencost': r['gencost'].copy(),
'dcline': r['dcline'][:, :c.LOSS1 + 1].copy()
}
ppc1 = toggle_dcline(ppc1, 'on')
ppc1['bus'][:, VM] = 1
ppc1['bus'][:, VA] = 0
rp = runpf(ppc1, ppopt)
success = rp['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(rp['bus'][:, ib_voltage], r['bus'][:, ib_voltage], 3,
[t, 'bus voltage'])
#t_is( rp['gen'][:,ig_disp ], r['gen'][:,ig_disp ], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is(rp['gen'][:2, ig_disp], r['gen'][:2, ig_disp], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is(rp['gen'][2, PG], r['gen'][2, PG], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is(rp['gen'][2, QG] + rp['dcline'][0, c.QF],
r['gen'][2, QG] + r['dcline'][0, c.QF], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is(rp['branch'][:, ibr_flow], r['branch'][:, ibr_flow], 3,
[t, 'branch flow'])
## add appropriate P and Q injections and check angles and generation when running PF
t = ''.join([t0, 'AC PF (with equivalent injections) : '])
ppc1 = {
'baseMVA': r['baseMVA'],
'bus': r['bus'][:, :VMIN + 1].copy(),
'gen': r['gen'][:, :APF + 1].copy(),
'branch': r['branch'][:, :ANGMAX + 1].copy(),
'gencost': r['gencost'].copy(),
'dcline': r['dcline'][:, :c.LOSS1 + 1].copy()
}
ppc1['bus'][:, VM] = 1
ppc1['bus'][:, VA] = 0
for k in range(ndc):
if ppc1['dcline'][k, c.BR_STATUS]:
ff = find(ppc1['bus'][:, BUS_I] == ppc1['dcline'][k, c.F_BUS])
tt = find(ppc1['bus'][:, BUS_I] == ppc1['dcline'][k, c.T_BUS])
ppc1['bus'][ff, PD] = ppc1['bus'][ff, PD] + r['dcline'][k, c.PF]
ppc1['bus'][ff, QD] = ppc1['bus'][ff, QD] - r['dcline'][k, c.QF]
ppc1['bus'][tt, PD] = ppc1['bus'][tt, PD] - r['dcline'][k, c.PT]
ppc1['bus'][tt, QD] = ppc1['bus'][tt, QD] - r['dcline'][k, c.QT]
ppc1['bus'][ff, VM] = r['dcline'][k, c.VF]
ppc1['bus'][tt, VM] = r['dcline'][k, c.VT]
ppc1['bus'][ff, BUS_TYPE] = PV
ppc1['bus'][tt, BUS_TYPE] = PV
rp = runpf(ppc1, ppopt)
success = rp['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(rp['bus'][:, ib_voltage], r['bus'][:, ib_voltage], 3,
[t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is(rp['gen'][:, ig_disp], r['gen'][:, ig_disp], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is(rp['branch'][:, ibr_flow], r['branch'][:, ibr_flow], 3,
[t, 'branch flow'])
## test DC OPF
t = ''.join([t0, 'DC OPF (with DC lines) : '])
ppc = ppc0.copy()
ppc['gen'][0, PMIN] = 10
ppc['branch'][4, RATE_A] = 100
ppc = toggle_dcline(ppc, 'on')
r = rundcopf(ppc, ppopt)
success = r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
expected = array([[10, 8.9, 0, 0, 1.01, 1], [2, 2, 0, 0, 1, 1],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1], [10, 9.5, 0, 0, 1, 0.98]])
t_is(r['dcline'][:, c.PF:c.VT + 1], expected, 4, [t, 'P Q V'])
expected = array([[0, 1.8602, 0, 0, 0, 0], [1.8507, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0.2681, 0, 0, 0, 0]])
t_is(r['dcline'][:, c.MU_PMIN:c.MU_QMAXT + 1], expected, 3, [t, 'mu'])
t = ''.join([t0, 'DC PF (with DC lines) : '])
ppc1 = {
'baseMVA': r['baseMVA'],
'bus': r['bus'][:, :VMIN + 1].copy(),
'gen': r['gen'][:, :APF + 1].copy(),
'branch': r['branch'][:, :ANGMAX + 1].copy(),
'gencost': r['gencost'].copy(),
'dcline': r['dcline'][:, :c.LOSS1 + 1].copy()
}
ppc1 = toggle_dcline(ppc1, 'on')
ppc1['bus'][:, VA] = 0
rp = rundcpf(ppc1, ppopt)
success = rp['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(rp['bus'][:, ib_voltage], r['bus'][:, ib_voltage], 3,
[t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is(rp['gen'][:, ig_disp], r['gen'][:, ig_disp], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is(rp['branch'][:, ibr_flow], r['branch'][:, ibr_flow], 3,
[t, 'branch flow'])
## add appropriate P injections and check angles and generation when running PF
t = ''.join([t0, 'DC PF (with equivalent injections) : '])
ppc1 = {
'baseMVA': r['baseMVA'],
'bus': r['bus'][:, :VMIN + 1].copy(),
'gen': r['gen'][:, :APF + 1].copy(),
'branch': r['branch'][:, :ANGMAX + 1].copy(),
'gencost': r['gencost'].copy(),
'dcline': r['dcline'][:, :c.LOSS1 + 1].copy()
}
ppc1['bus'][:, VA] = 0
for k in range(ndc):
if ppc1['dcline'][k, c.BR_STATUS]:
ff = find(ppc1['bus'][:, BUS_I] == ppc1['dcline'][k, c.F_BUS])
tt = find(ppc1['bus'][:, BUS_I] == ppc1['dcline'][k, c.T_BUS])
ppc1['bus'][ff, PD] = ppc1['bus'][ff, PD] + r['dcline'][k, c.PF]
ppc1['bus'][tt, PD] = ppc1['bus'][tt, PD] - r['dcline'][k, c.PT]
ppc1['bus'][ff, BUS_TYPE] = PV
ppc1['bus'][tt, BUS_TYPE] = PV
rp = rundcpf(ppc1, ppopt)
success = rp['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(rp['bus'][:, ib_voltage], r['bus'][:, ib_voltage], 3,
[t, 'bus voltage'])
t_is(rp['gen'][:, ig_disp], r['gen'][:, ig_disp], 3, [t, 'gen dispatch'])
t_is(rp['branch'][:, ibr_flow], r['branch'][:, ibr_flow], 3,
[t, 'branch flow'])
## run with DC lines
t = ''.join([t0, 'AC OPF (with DC lines + poly cost) : '])
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
ppc = toggle_dcline(ppc, 'on')
r = runopf(ppc, ppopt)
success = r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
expected1 = array([[10, 8.9, -10, 10, 1.0663, 1.0936],
[7.8429, 7.8429, 0, 0, 1.0809, 1.0667],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 1.0000, 1.0000],
[6.0549, 5.7522, -0.5897, -10, 1.0778, 1.0667]])
t_is(r['dcline'][:, c.PF:c.VT + 1], expected1, 4, [t, 'P Q V'])
expected2 = array([[0, 0.7605, 0.6226, 0, 0, 0.2980],
[0, 0, 0, 0.4275, 0.0792, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0792, 0]])
t_is(r['dcline'][:, c.MU_PMIN:c.MU_QMAXT + 1], expected2, 3, [t, 'mu'])
ppc['dclinecost'][3, :8] = array([2, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 7.3, 0])
r = runopf(ppc, ppopt)
success = r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(r['dcline'][:, c.PF:c.VT + 1], expected1, 4, [t, 'P Q V'])
t_is(r['dcline'][:, c.MU_PMIN:c.MU_QMAXT + 1], expected2, 3, [t, 'mu'])
t = ''.join([t0, 'AC OPF (with DC lines + pwl cost) : '])
ppc['dclinecost'][3, :8] = array([1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 10, 73])
r = runopf(ppc, ppopt)
success = r['success']
t_ok(success, [t, 'success'])
t_is(r['dcline'][:, c.PF:c.VT + 1], expected1, 4, [t, 'P Q V'])
t_is(r['dcline'][:, c.MU_PMIN:c.MU_QMAXT + 1], expected2, 3, [t, 'mu'])
t_end()
def t_runmarket(quiet=False):
"""Tests for code in C{runmkt}, C{smartmkt} and C{auction}.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
"""
n_tests = 20
t_begin(n_tests, quiet)
try:
from pypower.extras.smartmarket import runmarket
except ImportError:
t_skip(n_tests, 'smartmarket code not available')
t_end;
return
ppc = loadcase('t_auction_case')
ppopt = ppoption(OPF_ALG=560, OUT_ALL_LIM=1,
OUT_BRANCH=0, OUT_SYS_SUM=0)
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, OUT_ALL=0, VERBOSE=1)
#ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, OUT_GEN=1, OUT_BRANCH=0, OUT_SYS_SUM=0)
offers = {'P': {}, 'Q': {}}
bids = {'P': {}, 'Q': {}}
offers['P']['qty'] = array([
[12, 24, 24],
[12, 24, 24],
[12, 24, 24],
[12, 24, 24],
[12, 24, 24],
[12, 24, 24]
])
offers['P']['prc'] = array([
[20, 50, 60],
[20, 40, 70],
[20, 42, 80],
[20, 44, 90],
[20, 46, 75],
[20, 48, 60]
])
bids['P']['qty'] = array([
[10, 10, 10],
[10, 10, 10],
[10, 10, 10]
])
bids['P']['prc'] = array([
[100, 70, 60],
# [100, 64.3, 20],
# [100, 30.64545, 0],
[100, 50, 20],
[100, 60, 50]
])
offers['Q']['qty'] = [ 60, 60, 60, 60, 60, 60, 0, 0, 0 ]
offers['Q']['prc'] = [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0 ]
bids.Q['qty'] = [ 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 12, 7.5 ]
# bids.Q['prc'] = [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 83.9056, 0 ]
bids.Q['prc'] = [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 20, 0 ]
t = 'marginal Q offer, marginal PQ bid, auction_type = 5'
mkt = {'auction_type': 5,
't': [],
'u0': [],
'lim': []}
r, co, cb, _, _, _, _ = runmarket(ppc, offers, bids, mkt, ppopt)
co5 = co.copy()
cb5 = cb.copy()
# [ co['P']['qty'] co['P']['prc'] ]
# [ cb['P']['qty'] cb['P']['prc'] ]
# [ co['Q']['qty'] co['Q']['prc'] ]
# [ cb['Q']['qty'] cb['Q']['prc'] ]
i2e = r['bus'][:, BUS_I]
e2i = sparse((max(i2e), 1))
e2i[i2e] = range(r['bus'].size)
G = find( isload(r['gen']) == 0 ) ## real generators
L = find( isload(r['gen']) ) ## dispatchable loads
Gbus = e2i[r['gen'][G, GEN_BUS]]
Lbus = e2i[r['gen'][L, GEN_BUS]]
t_is( co['P']['qty'], ones((6, 1)) * [12, 24, 0], 2, [t, ' : gen P quantities'] )
t_is( co['P']['prc'][0, :], 50.1578, 3, [t, ' : gen 1 P prices'] )
t_is( cb['P']['qty'], [[10, 10, 10], [10, 0.196, 0], [10, 10, 0]], 2, [t, ' : load P quantities'] )
t_is( cb['P']['prc'][1, :], 56.9853, 4, [t, ' : load 2 P price'] )
t_is( co['P']['prc'][:, 0], r['bus'][Gbus, LAM_P], 8, [t, ' : gen P prices'] )
t_is( cb['P']['prc'][:, 0], r['bus'][Lbus, LAM_P], 8, [t, ' : load P prices'] )
t_is( co['Q']['qty'], [4.2722, 11.3723, 14.1472, 22.8939, 36.7886, 12.3375, 0, 0, 0], 2, [t, ' : Q offer quantities'] )
t_is( co['Q']['prc'], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0.4861, 2.5367, 1.3763], 4, [t, ' : Q offer prices'] )
t_is( cb['Q']['qty'], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 4.0785, 5], 2, [t, ' : Q bid quantities'] )
t_is( cb['Q']['prc'], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0.4861, 2.5367, 1.3763], 4, [t, ' : Q bid prices'] )
t_is( co['Q']['prc'], r['bus'][[Gbus, Lbus], LAM_Q], 8, [t, ' : Q offer prices'] )
t_is( cb['Q']['prc'], co['Q']['prc'], 8, [t, ' : Q bid prices'] )
t = 'marginal Q offer, marginal PQ bid, auction_type = 0'
mkt['auction_type'] = 0
r, co, cb, _, _, _, _ = runmarket(ppc, offers, bids, mkt, ppopt)
t_is( co['P']['qty'], co5['P']['qty'], 8, [t, ' : gen P quantities'] )
t_is( cb['P']['qty'], cb5['P']['qty'], 8, [t, ' : load P quantities'] )
t_is( co['P']['prc'], offers['P']['prc'], 8, [t, ' : gen P prices'] )
t_is( cb['P']['prc'], bids['P']['prc'], 8, [t, ' : load P prices'] )
t_is( co['Q']['qty'], co5['Q']['qty'], 8, [t, ' : gen Q quantities'] )
t_is( cb['Q']['qty'], cb5['Q']['qty'], 8, [t, ' : load Q quantities'] )
t_is( co['Q']['prc'], offers['Q']['prc'], 8, [t, ' : gen Q prices'] )
t_is( cb['Q']['prc'], bids['Q']['prc'], 8, [t, ' : load Q prices'] )
t_end
def runpf(casedata=None, ppopt=None, fname='', solvedcase=''):
"""Runs a power flow.
Runs a power flow [full AC Newton's method by default] and optionally
returns the solved values in the data matrices, a flag which is C{True} if
the algorithm was successful in finding a solution, and the elapsed
time in seconds. All input arguments are optional. If C{casename} is
provided it specifies the name of the input data file or dict
containing the power flow data. The default value is 'case9'.
If the ppopt is provided it overrides the default PYPOWER options
vector and can be used to specify the solution algorithm and output
options among other things. If the 3rd argument is given the pretty
printed output will be appended to the file whose name is given in
C{fname}. If C{solvedcase} is specified the solved case will be written
to a case file in PYPOWER format with the specified name. If C{solvedcase}
ends with '.mat' it saves the case as a MAT-file otherwise it saves it
as a Python-file.
If the C{ENFORCE_Q_LIMS} options is set to C{True} [default is false] then
if any generator reactive power limit is violated after running the AC
power flow, the corresponding bus is converted to a PQ bus, with Qg at
the limit, and the case is re-run. The voltage magnitude at the bus
will deviate from the specified value in order to satisfy the reactive
power limit. If the reference bus is converted to PQ, the first
remaining PV bus will be used as the slack bus for the next iteration.
This may result in the real power output at this generator being
slightly off from the specified values.
Enforcing of generator Q limits inspired by contributions from Mu Lin,
Lincoln University, New Zealand (1/14/05).
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
"""
## default arguments
if casedata is None:
casedata = join(dirname(__file__), 'case9')
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt)
## options
verbose = ppopt["VERBOSE"]
qlim = ppopt["ENFORCE_Q_LIMS"] ## enforce Q limits on gens?
dc = ppopt["PF_DC"] ## use DC formulation?
## read data
ppc = loadcase(casedata)
## add zero columns to branch for flows if needed
if ppc["branch"].shape[1] < QT:
ppc["branch"] = c_[ppc["branch"],
zeros((ppc["branch"].shape[0],
QT - ppc["branch"].shape[1] + 1))]
## convert to internal indexing
ppc = ext2int(ppc)
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch = \
ppc["baseMVA"], ppc["bus"], ppc["gen"], ppc["branch"]
## get bus index lists of each type of bus
ref, pv, pq = bustypes(bus, gen)
## generator info
on = find(gen[:, GEN_STATUS] > 0) ## which generators are on?
gbus = gen[on, GEN_BUS].astype(int) ## what buses are they at?
##----- run the power flow -----
t0 = time()
if verbose > 0:
v = ppver('all')
stdout.write('PYPOWER Version %s, %s' % (v["Version"], v["Date"]))
if dc: # DC formulation
if verbose:
stdout.write(' -- DC Power Flow\n')
## initial state
Va0 = bus[:, VA] * (pi / 180)
## build B matrices and phase shift injections
B, Bf, Pbusinj, Pfinj = makeBdc(baseMVA, bus, branch)
## compute complex bus power injections [generation - load]
## adjusted for phase shifters and real shunts
Pbus = makeSbus(baseMVA, bus,
gen).real - Pbusinj - bus[:, GS] / baseMVA
## "run" the power flow
Va = dcpf(B, Pbus, Va0, ref, pv, pq)
## update data matrices with solution
branch[:, [QF, QT]] = zeros((branch.shape[0], 2))
branch[:, PF] = (Bf * Va + Pfinj) * baseMVA
branch[:, PT] = -branch[:, PF]
bus[:, VM] = ones(bus.shape[0])
bus[:, VA] = Va * (180 / pi)
## update Pg for slack generator (1st gen at ref bus)
## (note: other gens at ref bus are accounted for in Pbus)
## Pg = Pinj + Pload + Gs
## newPg = oldPg + newPinj - oldPinj
refgen = zeros(len(ref), dtype=int)
for k in range(len(ref)):
temp = find(gbus == ref[k])
refgen[k] = on[temp[0]]
gen[refgen,
PG] = gen[refgen, PG] + (B[ref, :] * Va - Pbus[ref]) * baseMVA
success = 1
else: ## AC formulation
alg = ppopt['PF_ALG']
if verbose > 0:
if alg == 1:
solver = 'Newton'
elif alg == 2:
solver = 'fast-decoupled, XB'
elif alg == 3:
solver = 'fast-decoupled, BX'
elif alg == 4:
solver = 'Gauss-Seidel'
else:
solver = 'unknown'
print(' -- AC Power Flow (%s)\n' % solver)
## initial state
# V0 = ones(bus.shape[0]) ## flat start
V0 = bus[:, VM] * exp(1j * pi / 180 * bus[:, VA])
V0[gbus] = gen[on, VG] / abs(V0[gbus]) * V0[gbus]
if qlim:
ref0 = ref ## save index and angle of
Varef0 = bus[ref0, VA] ## original reference bus(es)
limited = [] ## list of indices of gens @ Q lims
fixedQg = zeros(gen.shape[0]) ## Qg of gens at Q limits
repeat = True
while repeat:
## build admittance matrices
Ybus, Yf, Yt = makeYbus(baseMVA, bus, branch)
## compute complex bus power injections [generation - load]
Sbus = makeSbus(baseMVA, bus, gen)
## run the power flow
alg = ppopt["PF_ALG"]
if alg == 1:
V, success, _ = newtonpf(Ybus, Sbus, V0, ref, pv, pq, ppopt)
elif alg == 2 or alg == 3:
Bp, Bpp = makeB(baseMVA, bus, branch, alg)
V, success, _ = fdpf(Ybus, Sbus, V0, Bp, Bpp, ref, pv, pq,
ppopt)
elif alg == 4:
V, success, _ = gausspf(Ybus, Sbus, V0, ref, pv, pq, ppopt)
else:
stderr.write('Only Newton'
's method, fast-decoupled, and '
'Gauss-Seidel power flow algorithms currently '
'implemented.\n')
## update data matrices with solution
bus, gen, branch = pfsoln(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, Ybus, Yf, Yt,
V, ref, pv, pq)
if qlim: ## enforce generator Q limits
## find gens with violated Q constraints
gen_status = gen[:, GEN_STATUS] > 0
qg_max_lim = gen[:, QG] > gen[:, QMAX]
qg_min_lim = gen[:, QG] < gen[:, QMIN]
mx = find(gen_status & qg_max_lim)
mn = find(gen_status & qg_min_lim)
if len(mx) > 0 or len(
mn) > 0: ## we have some Q limit violations
# No PV generators
if len(pv) == 0:
if verbose:
if len(mx) > 0:
print(
'Gen %d [only one left] exceeds upper Q limit : INFEASIBLE PROBLEM\n'
% mx + 1)
else:
print(
'Gen %d [only one left] exceeds lower Q limit : INFEASIBLE PROBLEM\n'
% mn + 1)
success = 0
break
## one at a time?
if qlim == 2: ## fix largest violation, ignore the rest
k = argmax(r_[gen[mx, QG] - gen[mx, QMAX],
gen[mn, QMIN] - gen[mn, QG]])
if k > len(mx):
mn = mn[k - len(mx)]
mx = []
else:
mx = mx[k]
mn = []
if verbose and len(mx) > 0:
for i in range(len(mx)):
print('Gen ' + str(mx[i] + 1) +
' at upper Q limit, converting to PQ bus\n')
if verbose and len(mn) > 0:
for i in range(len(mn)):
print('Gen ' + str(mn[i] + 1) +
' at lower Q limit, converting to PQ bus\n')
## save corresponding limit values
fixedQg[mx] = gen[mx, QMAX]
fixedQg[mn] = gen[mn, QMIN]
mx = r_[mx, mn].astype(int)
## convert to PQ bus
gen[mx, QG] = fixedQg[mx] ## set Qg to binding
for i in range(
len(mx)
): ## [one at a time, since they may be at same bus]
gen[mx[i],
GEN_STATUS] = 0 ## temporarily turn off gen,
bi = gen[mx[i], GEN_BUS] ## adjust load accordingly,
bus[bi, [PD, QD]] = (bus[bi, [PD, QD]] -
gen[mx[i], [PG, QG]])
if len(ref) > 1 and any(bus[gen[mx, GEN_BUS],
BUS_TYPE] == REF):
raise ValueError('Sorry, PYPOWER cannot enforce Q '
'limits for slack buses in systems '
'with multiple slacks.')
bus[gen[mx, GEN_BUS].astype(int),
BUS_TYPE] = PQ ## & set bus type to PQ
## update bus index lists of each type of bus
ref_temp = ref
ref, pv, pq = bustypes(bus, gen)
if verbose and ref != ref_temp:
print('Bus %d is new slack bus\n' % ref)
limited = r_[limited, mx].astype(int)
else:
repeat = 0 ## no more generator Q limits violated
else:
repeat = 0 ## don't enforce generator Q limits, once is enough
if qlim and len(limited) > 0:
## restore injections from limited gens [those at Q limits]
gen[limited, QG] = fixedQg[limited] ## restore Qg value,
for i in range(
len(limited
)): ## [one at a time, since they may be at same bus]
bi = gen[limited[i], GEN_BUS] ## re-adjust load,
bus[bi,
[PD, QD]] = bus[bi, [PD, QD]] + gen[limited[i], [PG, QG]]
gen[limited[i], GEN_STATUS] = 1 ## and turn gen back on
if ref != ref0:
## adjust voltage angles to make original ref bus correct
bus[:, VA] = bus[:, VA] - bus[ref0, VA] + Varef0
ppc["et"] = time() - t0
ppc["success"] = success
##----- output results -----
## convert back to original bus numbering & print results
ppc["bus"], ppc["gen"], ppc["branch"] = bus, gen, branch
results = int2ext(ppc)
## zero out result fields of out-of-service gens & branches
if len(results["order"]["gen"]["status"]["off"]) > 0:
results["gen"][ix_(results["order"]["gen"]["status"]["off"],
[PG, QG])] = 0
if len(results["order"]["branch"]["status"]["off"]) > 0:
results["branch"][ix_(results["order"]["branch"]["status"]["off"],
[PF, QF, PT, QT])] = 0
if fname:
fd = None
try:
fd = open(fname, "a")
except Exception as detail:
stderr.write("Error opening %s: %s.\n" % (fname, detail))
finally:
if fd is not None:
printpf(results, fd, ppopt)
fd.close()
else:
printpf(results, stdout, ppopt)
## save solved case
if solvedcase:
savecase(solvedcase, results)
return results, success
def _runpf(casedata=None, init='flat', ac=True, Numba=True, ppopt=None):
"""Runs a power flow.
Similar to runpf() from pypower. See Pypower documentation for more information.
Changes by University of Kassel (Florian Schaefer):
Numba can be used for pf calculations.
Changes in structure (AC as well as DC PF can be calculated)
"""
## default arguments
if casedata is None:
casedata = join(dirname(__file__), 'case9')
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt)
## options
verbose = ppopt["VERBOSE"]
## read data
ppci = loadcase(casedata)
# get data for calc
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch = \
ppci["baseMVA"], ppci["bus"], ppci["gen"], ppci["branch"]
## get bus index lists of each type of bus
ref, pv, pq = bustypes(bus, gen)
## generator info
on = find(gen[:, GEN_STATUS] > 0) ## which generators are on?
gbus = gen[on, GEN_BUS].astype(int) ## what buses are they at?
##----- run the power flow -----
t0 = time()
if not ac or (ac and init == 'dc'): # DC formulation
if verbose:
print(' -- DC Power Flow\n')
## initial state
Va0 = bus[:, VA] * (pi / 180)
## build B matrices and phase shift injections
B, Bf, Pbusinj, Pfinj = makeBdc(baseMVA, bus, branch)
## compute complex bus power injections [generation - load]
## adjusted for phase shifters and real shunts
Pbus = makeSbus(baseMVA, bus, gen) - Pbusinj - bus[:, GS] / baseMVA
## "run" the power flow
Va = dcpf(B, Pbus, Va0, ref, pv, pq)
## update data matrices with solution
branch[:, [QF, QT]] = zeros((branch.shape[0], 2))
branch[:, PF] = (Bf * Va + Pfinj) * baseMVA
branch[:, PT] = -branch[:, PF]
bus[:, VM] = ones(bus.shape[0])
bus[:, VA] = Va * (180 / pi)
## update Pg for slack generator (1st gen at ref bus)
## (note: other gens at ref bus are accounted for in Pbus)
## Pg = Pinj + Pload + Gs
## newPg = oldPg + newPinj - oldPinj
refgen = zeros(len(ref), dtype=int)
for k in range(len(ref)):
temp = find(gbus == ref[k])
refgen[k] = on[temp[0]]
gen[refgen,
PG] = gen[refgen, PG] + (B[ref, :] * Va - Pbus[ref]) * baseMVA
success = 1
if ac and init == 'dc':
# get results from DC powerflow for AC powerflow
ppci["bus"], ppci["gen"], ppci["branch"] = bus, gen, branch
if ac: ## AC formulation
# options
qlim = ppopt["ENFORCE_Q_LIMS"] ## enforce Q limits on gens?
## check if numba is available and the corresponding flag
try:
from numba import _version as nb_version
# get Numba Version (in order to use it it must be > 0.25)
nbVersion = float(nb_version.version_version[:4])
if nbVersion < 0.25:
print(
'Warning: Numba version too old -> Upgrade to a version > 0.25. Numba is disabled\n'
)
Numba = False
except ImportError:
# raise UserWarning('Numba cannot be imported. Call runpp() with Numba=False!')
print(
'Warning: Numba cannot be imported. Numba is disabled. Call runpp() with Numba=False!\n'
)
Numba = False
if Numba:
from pandapower.pypower_extensions.makeYbus import makeYbus
else:
from pypower.makeYbus import makeYbus
alg = ppopt['PF_ALG']
if verbose > 0:
if alg == 1:
solver = 'Newton'
elif alg == 2:
solver = 'fast-decoupled, XB'
elif alg == 3:
solver = 'fast-decoupled, BX'
elif alg == 4:
solver = 'Gauss-Seidel'
else:
solver = 'unknown'
print(' -- AC Power Flow (%s)\n' % solver)
## initial state
# V0 = ones(bus.shape[0]) ## flat start
V0 = bus[:, VM] * exp(1j * pi / 180 * bus[:, VA])
V0[gbus] = gen[on, VG] / abs(V0[gbus]) * V0[gbus]
if qlim:
ref0 = ref ## save index and angle of
Varef0 = bus[ref0, VA] ## original reference bus(es)
limited = [] ## list of indices of gens @ Q lims
fixedQg = zeros(gen.shape[0]) ## Qg of gens at Q limits
repeat = True
while repeat:
## build admittance matrices
Ybus, Yf, Yt = makeYbus(baseMVA, bus, branch)
## compute complex bus power injections [generation - load]
Sbus = makeSbus(baseMVA, bus, gen)
## run the power flow
alg = ppopt["PF_ALG"]
if alg == 1:
V, success, _ = newtonpf(Ybus, Sbus, V0, ref, pv, pq, ppopt,
Numba)
elif alg == 2 or alg == 3:
Bp, Bpp = makeB(baseMVA, bus, branch, alg)
V, success, _ = fdpf(Ybus, Sbus, V0, Bp, Bpp, ref, pv, pq,
ppopt)
elif alg == 4:
V, success, _ = gausspf(Ybus, Sbus, V0, ref, pv, pq, ppopt)
else:
raise ValueError(
'Only Newton'
's method, fast-decoupled, and '
'Gauss-Seidel power flow algorithms currently '
'implemented.\n')
## update data matrices with solution
bus, gen, branch = pfsoln(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, Ybus, Yf, Yt,
V, ref, pv, pq)
if qlim: ## enforce generator Q limits
## find gens with violated Q constraints
gen_status = gen[:, GEN_STATUS] > 0
qg_max_lim = gen[:, QG] > gen[:, QMAX]
qg_min_lim = gen[:, QG] < gen[:, QMIN]
mx = find(gen_status & qg_max_lim)
mn = find(gen_status & qg_min_lim)
if len(mx) > 0 or len(
mn) > 0: ## we have some Q limit violations
# No PV generators
if len(pv) == 0:
if verbose:
if len(mx) > 0:
print(
'Gen %d [only one left] exceeds upper Q limit : INFEASIBLE PROBLEM\n'
% mx + 1)
else:
print(
'Gen %d [only one left] exceeds lower Q limit : INFEASIBLE PROBLEM\n'
% mn + 1)
success = 0
break
## one at a time?
if qlim == 2: ## fix largest violation, ignore the rest
k = argmax(r_[gen[mx, QG] - gen[mx, QMAX],
gen[mn, QMIN] - gen[mn, QG]])
if k > len(mx):
mn = mn[k - len(mx)]
mx = []
else:
mx = mx[k]
mn = []
if verbose and len(mx) > 0:
for i in range(len(mx)):
print('Gen ' + str(mx[i] + 1) +
' at upper Q limit, converting to PQ bus\n')
if verbose and len(mn) > 0:
for i in range(len(mn)):
print('Gen ' + str(mn[i] + 1) +
' at lower Q limit, converting to PQ bus\n')
## save corresponding limit values
fixedQg[mx] = gen[mx, QMAX]
fixedQg[mn] = gen[mn, QMIN]
mx = r_[mx, mn].astype(int)
## convert to PQ bus
gen[mx, QG] = fixedQg[mx] ## set Qg to binding
for i in range(
len(mx)
): ## [one at a time, since they may be at same bus]
gen[mx[i],
GEN_STATUS] = 0 ## temporarily turn off gen,
bi = gen[mx[i], GEN_BUS] ## adjust load accordingly,
bus[bi, [PD, QD]] = (bus[bi, [PD, QD]] -
gen[mx[i], [PG, QG]])
if len(ref) > 1 and any(bus[gen[mx, GEN_BUS].astype(int),
BUS_TYPE] == REF):
raise ValueError('Sorry, PYPOWER cannot enforce Q '
'limits for slack buses in systems '
'with multiple slacks.')
bus[gen[mx, GEN_BUS].astype(int),
BUS_TYPE] = PQ ## & set bus type to PQ
## update bus index lists of each type of bus
ref_temp = ref
ref, pv, pq = bustypes(bus, gen)
if verbose and ref != ref_temp:
print('Bus %d is new slack bus\n' % ref)
limited = r_[limited, mx].astype(int)
else:
repeat = 0 ## no more generator Q limits violated
else:
repeat = 0 ## don't enforce generator Q limits, once is enough
if qlim and len(limited) > 0:
## restore injections from limited gens [those at Q limits]
gen[limited, QG] = fixedQg[limited] ## restore Qg value,
for i in range(
len(limited
)): ## [one at a time, since they may be at same bus]
bi = gen[limited[i], GEN_BUS] ## re-adjust load,
bus[bi,
[PD, QD]] = bus[bi, [PD, QD]] + gen[limited[i], [PG, QG]]
gen[limited[i], GEN_STATUS] = 1 ## and turn gen back on
# if ref != ref0:
# ## adjust voltage angles to make original ref bus correct
# bus[:, VA] = bus[:, VA] - bus[ref0, VA] + Varef0
ppci["et"] = time() - t0
ppci["success"] = success
##----- output results -----
ppci["bus"], ppci["gen"], ppci["branch"] = bus, gen, branch
results = ppci
return results, success
def opf_args(*args):
"""Parses and initializes OPF input arguments.
Returns the full set of initialized OPF input arguments, filling in
default values for missing arguments. See Examples below for the
possible calling syntax options.
Input arguments options::
opf_args(ppc)
opf_args(ppc, ppopt)
opf_args(ppc, userfcn, ppopt)
opf_args(ppc, A, l, u)
opf_args(ppc, A, l, u, ppopt)
opf_args(ppc, A, l, u, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw)
opf_args(ppc, A, l, u, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw, z0, zl, zu)
opf_args(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost)
opf_args(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, ppopt)
opf_args(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, userfcn, ppopt)
opf_args(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, A, l, u)
opf_args(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, A, l, u, ppopt)
opf_args(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, A, l, u, ...
ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw)
opf_args(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, A, l, u, ...
ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw, z0, zl, zu)
The data for the problem can be specified in one of three ways:
1. a string (ppc) containing the file name of a PYPOWER case
which defines the data matrices baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, and
gencost (areas is not used at all, it is only included for
backward compatibility of the API).
2. a dict (ppc) containing the data matrices as fields.
3. the individual data matrices themselves.
The optional user parameters for user constraints (C{A, l, u}), user costs
(C{N, fparm, H, Cw}), user variable initializer (z0), and user variable
limits (C{zl, zu}) can also be specified as fields in a case dict,
either passed in directly or defined in a case file referenced by name.
When specified, C{A, l, u} represent additional linear constraints on the
optimization variables, C{l <= A*[x z] <= u}. If the user specifies an C{A}
matrix that has more columns than the number of "C{x}" (OPF) variables,
then there are extra linearly constrained "C{z}" variables. For an
explanation of the formulation used and instructions for forming the
C{A} matrix, see the MATPOWER manual.
A generalized cost on all variables can be applied if input arguments
C{N}, C{fparm}, C{H} and C{Cw} are specified. First, a linear
transformation of the optimization variables is defined by means of
C{r = N * [x z]}. Then, to each element of r a function is applied as
encoded in the C{fparm} matrix (see Matpower manual). If the resulting
vector is named C{w}, then C{H} and C{Cw} define a quadratic cost on
C{w}: C{(1/2)*w'*H*w + Cw * w}.
C{H} and C{N} should be sparse matrices and C{H} should also be symmetric.
The optional C{ppopt} vector specifies PYPOWER options. See L{ppoption}
for details and default values.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
@author: Carlos E. Murillo-Sanchez (PSERC Cornell & Universidad
Autonoma de Manizales)
@author: Richard Lincoln
"""
# nargin = len([arg for arg in [baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost,
# Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw,
# z0, zl, zu] if arg is not None])
nargin = len(args)
userfcn = array([])
## passing filename or dict
if isinstance(args[0], basestring) or isinstance(args[0], dict):
# ----opf( baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw, z0, zl, zu)
# 12 opf(casefile, Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw, z0, zl, zu)
# 9 opf(casefile, Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw)
# 5 opf(casefile, Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt)
# 4 opf(casefile, Au, lbu, ubu)
# 3 opf(casefile, userfcn, ppopt)
# 2 opf(casefile, ppopt)
# 1 opf(casefile)
if nargin in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 12]:
casefile = args[0]
if nargin == 12:
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt, N, fparm = args
zu = fparm
zl = N
z0 = ppopt
Cw = ubu
H = lbu
fparm = Au
N = gencost
ppopt = areas
ubu = branch
lbu = gen
Au = bus
elif nargin == 9:
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, Au, lbu, ubu = args
zu = array([])
zl = array([])
z0 = array([])
Cw = ubu
H = lbu
fparm = Au
N = gencost
ppopt = areas
ubu = branch
lbu = gen
Au = bus
elif nargin == 5:
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas = args
zu = array([])
zl = array([])
z0 = array([])
Cw = array([])
H = None
fparm = array([])
N = None
ppopt = areas
ubu = branch
lbu = gen
Au = bus
elif nargin == 4:
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch = args
zu = array([])
zl = array([])
z0 = array([])
Cw = array([])
H = None
fparm = array([])
N = None
ppopt = ppoption()
ubu = branch
lbu = gen
Au = bus
elif nargin == 3:
baseMVA, bus, gen = args
userfcn = bus
zu = array([])
zl = array([])
z0 = array([])
Cw = array([])
H = None
fparm = array([])
N = None
ppopt = gen
ubu = array([])
lbu = array([])
Au = None
elif nargin == 2:
baseMVA, bus = args
zu = array([])
zl = array([])
z0 = array([])
Cw = array([])
H = None
fparm = array([])
N = None
ppopt = bus
ubu = array([])
lbu = array([])
Au = None
elif nargin == 1:
zu = array([])
zl = array([])
z0 = array([])
Cw = array([])
H = None
fparm = array([])
N = None
ppopt = ppoption()
ubu = array([])
lbu = array([])
Au = None
else:
stderr.write('opf_args: Incorrect input arg order, number or type\n')
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, gencost = \
ppc['baseMVA'], ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], ppc['branch'], ppc['gencost']
if 'areas' in ppc:
areas = ppc['areas']
else:
areas = array([])
if Au is None and 'A' in ppc:
Au, lbu, ubu = ppc["A"], ppc["l"], ppc["u"]
if N is None and 'N' in ppc: ## these two must go together
N, Cw = ppc["N"], ppc["Cw"]
if H is None and 'H' in ppc: ## will default to zeros
H = ppc["H"]
if (fparm is None or len(fparm) == 0) and 'fparm' in ppc: ## will default to [1 0 0 1]
fparm = ppc["fparm"]
if (z0 is None or len(z0) == 0) and 'z0' in ppc:
z0 = ppc["z0"]
if (zl is None or len(zl) == 0) and 'zl' in ppc:
zl = ppc["zl"]
if (zu is None or len(zu) == 0) and 'zu' in ppc:
zu = ppc["zu"]
if (userfcn is None or len(userfcn) == 0) and 'userfcn' in ppc:
userfcn = ppc['userfcn']
else: ## passing individual data matrices
# ----opf(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw, z0, zl, zu)
# 17 opf(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw, z0, zl, zu)
# 14 opf(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw)
# 10 opf(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt)
# 9 opf(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, Au, lbu, ubu)
# 8 opf(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, userfcn, ppopt)
# 7 opf(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, ppopt)
# 6 opf(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost)
if nargin in [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 17]:
if nargin == 17:
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw, z0, zl, zu = args
elif nargin == 14:
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw = args
zu = array([])
zl = array([])
z0 = array([])
elif nargin == 10:
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt = args
zu = array([])
zl = array([])
z0 = array([])
Cw = array([])
H = None
fparm = array([])
N = None
elif nargin == 9:
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, Au, lbu, ubu = args
zu = array([])
zl = array([])
z0 = array([])
Cw = array([])
H = None
fparm = array([])
N = None
ppopt = ppoption()
elif nargin == 8:
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, userfcn, ppopt = args
zu = array([])
zl = array([])
z0 = array([])
Cw = array([])
H = None
fparm = array([])
N = None
ubu = array([])
lbu = array([])
Au = None
elif nargin == 7:
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, ppopt = args
zu = array([])
zl = array([])
z0 = array([])
Cw = array([])
H = None
fparm = array([])
N = None
ubu = array([])
lbu = array([])
Au = None
elif nargin == 6:
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost = args
zu = array([])
zl = array([])
z0 = array([])
Cw = array([])
H = None
fparm = array([])
N = None
ppopt = ppoption()
ubu = array([])
lbu = array([])
Au = None
else:
stderr.write('opf_args: Incorrect input arg order, number or type\n')
if N is not None:
nw = N.shape[0]
else:
nw = 0
if nw:
if Cw.shape[0] != nw:
stderr.write('opf_args.m: dimension mismatch between N and Cw in '
'generalized cost parameters\n')
if len(fparm) > 0 and fparm.shape[0] != nw:
stderr.write('opf_args.m: dimension mismatch between N and fparm '
'in generalized cost parameters\n')
if (H is not None) and (H.shape[0] != nw | H.shape[0] != nw):
stderr.write('opf_args.m: dimension mismatch between N and H in '
'generalized cost parameters\n')
if Au is not None:
if Au.shape[0] > 0 and N.shape[1] != Au.shape[1]:
stderr.write('opf_args.m: A and N must have the same number '
'of columns\n')
## make sure N and H are sparse
if not issparse(N):
stderr.write('opf_args.m: N must be sparse in generalized cost '
'parameters\n')
if not issparse(H):
stderr.write('opf_args.m: H must be sparse in generalized cost parameters\n')
if Au is not None and not issparse(Au):
stderr.write('opf_args.m: Au must be sparse\n')
if ppopt == None or len(ppopt) == 0:
ppopt = ppoption()
return baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, gencost, Au, lbu, ubu, \
ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw, z0, zl, zu, userfcn, areas
from pypower.loadcase import loadcase
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
if __name__ == '__main__':
#########
# SETUP #
#########
print('----------------------------')
print('PYPOWER-Dynamics - SMIB Test')
print('----------------------------')
# Load PYPOWER case
ppc = loadcase('smib_case.py')
# Program options
dynopt = {}
dynopt['h'] = 0.01 # step length (s)
dynopt['t_sim'] = 15 # simulation time (s)
dynopt['max_err'] = 0.0001 # Maximum error in network iteration (voltage mismatches)
dynopt['max_iter'] = 25 # Maximum number of network iterations
dynopt['verbose'] = False # option for verbose messages
dynopt['fn'] = 50 # Nominal system frequency (Hz)
# Integrator option
#dynopt['iopt'] = 'mod_euler'
dynopt['iopt'] = 'runge_kutta'
# Create dynamic model objects
def t_opf_userfcns(quiet=False):
"""Tests for userfcn callbacks (reserves/iflims) w/OPF.
Includes high-level tests of reserves and iflims implementations.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
@author: Richard Lincoln
"""
t_begin(38, quiet)
tdir = dirname(__file__)
casefile = join(tdir, 't_case30_userfcns')
verbose = 0#not quiet
ppopt = ppoption(OPF_VIOLATION=1e-6, PDIPM_GRADTOL=1e-8,
PDIPM_COMPTOL=1e-8, PDIPM_COSTTOL=1e-9)
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, OUT_ALL=0, VERBOSE=verbose,
OPF_ALG=560, OPF_ALG_DC=200)
#ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, OUT_ALL=-1, VERBOSE=2, OUT_GEN=1)
## run the OPF with fixed reserves
t = 'fixed reserves : '
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
ppc = toggle_reserves(ppc, 'on')
r = runopf(ppc, ppopt)
t_ok(r['success'], [t, 'success'])
t_is(r['reserves']['R'], [25, 15, 0, 0, 19.3906, 0.6094], 4, [t, 'reserves.R'])
t_is(r['reserves']['prc'], [2, 2, 2, 2, 5.5, 5.5], 4, [t, 'reserves.prc'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['Pmax'], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0.5, 0], 4, [t, 'reserves.mu.Pmax'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['l'], [0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0], 4, [t, 'reserves.mu.l'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['u'], [0.1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], 4, [t, 'reserves.mu.u'])
t_ok('P' not in r['if'], [t, 'no iflims'])
t_is(r['reserves']['totalcost'], 177.8047, 4, [t, 'totalcost'])
t = 'toggle_reserves(ppc, \'off\') : ';
ppc = toggle_reserves(ppc, 'off')
r = runopf(ppc, ppopt)
t_ok(r['success'], [t, 'success'])
t_ok('R' not in r['reserves'], [t, 'no reserves'])
t_ok('P' not in r['if'], [t, 'no iflims'])
t = 'interface flow lims (DC) : '
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
ppc = toggle_iflims(ppc, 'on')
r = rundcopf(ppc, ppopt)
t_ok(r['success'], [t, 'success'])
t_is(r['if']['P'], [-15, 20], 4, [t, 'if.P'])
t_is(r['if']['mu']['l'], [4.8427, 0], 4, [t, 'if.mu.l'])
t_is(r['if']['mu']['u'], [0, 13.2573], 4, [t, 'if.mu.u'])
t_is(r['branch'][13, PF], 8.244, 3, [t, 'flow in branch 14'])
t_ok('R' not in r['reserves'], [t, 'no reserves'])
t = 'reserves + interface flow lims (DC) : '
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
ppc = toggle_reserves(ppc, 'on')
ppc = toggle_iflims(ppc, 'on')
r = rundcopf(ppc, ppopt)
t_ok(r['success'], [t, 'success'])
t_is(r['if']['P'], [-15, 20], 4, [t, 'if.P'])
t_is(r['if']['mu']['l'], [4.8427, 0], 4, [t, 'if.mu.l'])
t_is(r['if']['mu']['u'], [0, 38.2573], 4, [t, 'if.mu.u'])
t_is(r['reserves']['R'], [25, 15, 0, 0, 16.9, 3.1], 4, [t, 'reserves.R'])
t_is(r['reserves']['prc'], [2, 2, 2, 2, 5.5, 5.5], 4, [t, 'reserves.prc'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['Pmax'], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0.5, 0], 4, [t, 'reserves.mu.Pmax'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['l'], [0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0], 4, [t, 'reserves.mu.l'])
t_is(r['reserves']['mu']['u'], [0.1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], 4, [t, 'reserves.mu.u'])
t_is(r['reserves']['totalcost'], 179.05, 4, [t, 'totalcost'])
t = 'interface flow lims (AC) : '
ppc = toggle_reserves(ppc, 'off')
r = runopf(ppc, ppopt)
t_ok(r['success'], [t, 'success'])
t_is(r['if']['P'], [-9.101, 21.432], 3, [t, 'if.P'])
t_is(r['if']['mu']['l'], [0, 0], 4, [t, 'if.mu.l'])
t_is(r['if']['mu']['u'], [0, 10.198], 3, [t, 'if.mu.u'])
t_ok('R' not in r['reserves'], [t, 'no reserves'])
t = 'interface flow lims (line out) : '
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
ppc = toggle_iflims(ppc, 'on')
ppc['branch'][11, BR_STATUS] = 0 ## take out line 6-10
r = rundcopf(ppc, ppopt)
t_ok(r['success'], [t, 'success'])
t_is(r['if']['P'], [-15, 20], 4, [t, 'if.P'])
t_is(r['if']['mu']['l'], [4.8427, 0], 4, [t, 'if.mu.l'])
t_is(r['if']['mu']['u'], [0, 13.2573], 4, [t, 'if.mu.u'])
t_is(r['branch'][13, PF], 10.814, 3, [t, 'flow in branch 14'])
t_ok('R' not in r['reserves'], [t, 'no reserves'])
# r['reserves']['R']
# r['reserves']['prc']
# r['reserves']['mu.Pmax']
# r['reserves']['mu']['l']
# r['reserves']['mu']['u']
# r['reserves']['totalcost']
#
# r['if']['P']
# r['if']['mu']['l']
# r['if']['mu']['u']
t_end()
from pypower.loadcase import loadcase
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
if __name__ == '__main__':
#########
# SETUP #
#########
print('-----------------------------')
print('PYPOWER-Dynamics - Motor Test')
print('-----------------------------')
# Load PYPOWER case
ppc = loadcase('test_case.py')
# Program options
dynopt = {}
dynopt['h'] = 0.01 # step length (s)
dynopt['t_sim'] = 10.0 # simulation time (s)
dynopt['max_err'] = 0.0001 # Maximum error in network iteration (voltage mismatches)
dynopt['max_iter'] = 25 # Maximum number of network iterations
dynopt['verbose'] = False # option for verbose messages
dynopt['fn'] = 50 # Nominal system frequency (Hz)
# Integrator option
dynopt['iopt'] = 'mod_euler'
#dynopt['iopt'] = 'runge_kutta'
# Create dynamic model objects
