def test_entropy_multiple_executions(accelerators):
"""Check entropy calculation when the callback is used in multiple executions."""
entropy = callbacks.EntanglementEntropy([0])
target_c = Circuit(2)
target_c.add([gates.RY(0, 0.1234), gates.CNOT(0, 1)])
target_state = target_c().numpy()
c = Circuit(2, accelerators)
c.add(gates.RY(0, 0.1234))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
c.add(gates.CNOT(0, 1))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
state = c()
np.testing.assert_allclose(state.numpy(), target_state)
target_c = Circuit(2)
target_c.add([gates.RY(0, 0.4321), gates.CNOT(0, 1)])
target_state = target_c().numpy()
c = Circuit(2, accelerators)
c.add(gates.RY(0, 0.4321))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
c.add(gates.CNOT(0, 1))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
state = c()
np.testing.assert_allclose(state.numpy(), target_state)
def target_entropy(t):
cos = np.cos(t / 2.0)**2
sin = np.sin(t / 2.0)**2
return -cos * np.log2(cos) - sin * np.log2(sin)
target = [0, target_entropy(0.1234), 0, target_entropy(0.4321)]
np.testing.assert_allclose(entropy[:].numpy(), target, atol=_atol)
def test_entropy_in_compiled_circuit(backend):
"""Check that entropy calculation works when circuit is compiled."""
from qibo import get_backend
entropy = callbacks.EntanglementEntropy([0])
c = Circuit(2)
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
c.add(gates.H(0))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
c.add(gates.CNOT(0, 1))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
c.compile()
final_state = c()
K.assert_allclose(entropy[:], [0, 0, 1.0], atol=_atol)
def test_entropy_in_circuit(accelerators):
"""Check that entropy calculation works in circuit."""
entropy = callbacks.EntanglementEntropy([0])
c = Circuit(2, accelerators)
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
c.add(gates.H(0))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
c.add(gates.CNOT(0, 1))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
state = c()
target = [0, 0, 1.0]
np.testing.assert_allclose(entropy[:].numpy(), target, atol=_atol)
def test_callbacks_fusion(backend):
"""Check entropy calculation in fused circuit."""
from qibo import callbacks
entropy = callbacks.EntanglementEntropy([0])
c = Circuit(5)
c.add(gates.H(0))
c.add(gates.X(1))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
c.add(gates.CNOT(0, 1))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
fused_c = c.fuse()
K.assert_allclose(fused_c(), c())
target_entropy = [0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0]
K.assert_allclose(entropy[:], target_entropy, atol=1e-7)
def test_entropy_in_distributed_circuit():
"""Check that various entropy configurations work in distributed circuit."""
target_c = Circuit(2)
target_c.add([gates.H(0), gates.CNOT(0, 1)])
target_state = target_c().numpy()
accelerators = {"/GPU:0": 1, "/GPU:1": 1}
entropy = callbacks.EntanglementEntropy([0])
c = Circuit(2, accelerators)
c.add([gates.H(0), gates.CNOT(0, 1), gates.CallbackGate(entropy)])
final_state = c().numpy()
np.testing.assert_allclose(final_state, target_state)
np.testing.assert_allclose(entropy[:].numpy(), [1.0], atol=_atol)
entropy = callbacks.EntanglementEntropy([0])
c = Circuit(2, accelerators)
c.add([gates.H(0), gates.CallbackGate(entropy), gates.CNOT(0, 1)])
final_state = c().numpy()
np.testing.assert_allclose(final_state, target_state)
np.testing.assert_allclose(entropy[:].numpy(), [0.0], atol=_atol)
entropy = callbacks.EntanglementEntropy([0])
c = Circuit(2, accelerators)
c.add([gates.CallbackGate(entropy), gates.H(0), gates.CNOT(0, 1)])
final_state = c().numpy()
np.testing.assert_allclose(final_state, target_state)
np.testing.assert_allclose(entropy[:].numpy(), [0.0], atol=_atol)
entropy = callbacks.EntanglementEntropy([0])
c = Circuit(2, accelerators)
c.add([gates.CallbackGate(entropy), gates.H(0),
gates.CNOT(0, 1), gates.CallbackGate(entropy)])
final_state = c().numpy()
np.testing.assert_allclose(final_state, target_state)
np.testing.assert_allclose(entropy[:].numpy(), [0, 1.0], atol=_atol)
entropy = callbacks.EntanglementEntropy([0])
c = Circuit(2, accelerators)
c.add([gates.H(0), gates.CallbackGate(entropy),
gates.CNOT(0, 1), gates.CallbackGate(entropy)])
final_state = c().numpy()
np.testing.assert_allclose(final_state, target_state)
np.testing.assert_allclose(entropy[:].numpy(), [0, 1.0], atol=_atol)
entropy = callbacks.EntanglementEntropy([0])
c = Circuit(2, accelerators)
c.add([gates.CallbackGate(entropy), gates.H(0),
gates.CallbackGate(entropy), gates.CNOT(0, 1)])
final_state = c().numpy()
np.testing.assert_allclose(final_state, target_state)
np.testing.assert_allclose(entropy[:].numpy(), [0, 0], atol=_atol)
def test_entropy_in_circuit(accelerators):
"""Check that entropy calculation works in circuit."""
entropy = callbacks.EntanglementEntropy([0], compute_spectrum=True)
c = Circuit(2, accelerators)
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
c.add(gates.H(0))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
c.add(gates.CNOT(0, 1))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
state = c()
target = [0, 0, 1.0]
np.testing.assert_allclose(entropy[:].numpy(), target, atol=_atol)
target_spectrum = [0, 0, np.log(2), np.log(2)]
entropy_spectrum = np.concatenate(entropy.spectrum).ravel().tolist()
np.testing.assert_allclose(entropy_spectrum, target_spectrum, atol=_atol)
def test_fuse_with_callback(accelerators):
"""Check entropy calculation in fused circuit."""
from qibo import callbacks
entropy = callbacks.EntanglementEntropy([0])
c = Circuit(2, accelerators)
c.add(gates.H(0))
c.add(gates.X(1))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
c.add(gates.CNOT(0, 1))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
fused_c = c.fuse()
target_state = c()
final_state = fused_c()
np.testing.assert_allclose(final_state, target_state)
target_entropy = [0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0]
np.testing.assert_allclose(entropy[:], target_entropy, atol=1e-7)
def test_entropy_in_circuit(backend, density_matrix):
"""Check that entropy calculation works in circuit."""
entropy = callbacks.EntanglementEntropy([0], compute_spectrum=True)
c = Circuit(2, density_matrix=density_matrix)
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
c.add(gates.H(0))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
c.add(gates.CNOT(0, 1))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
state = c()
target = [0, 0, 1.0]
K.assert_allclose(entropy[:], target, atol=_atol)
target_spectrum = [0, 0, np.log(2), np.log(2)]
entropy_spectrum = np.concatenate(entropy.spectrum).ravel().tolist()
K.assert_allclose(entropy_spectrum, target_spectrum, atol=_atol)
def test_entropy_large_circuit(backend, accelerators):
"""Check that entropy calculation works for variational like circuit."""
original_backend = qibo.get_backend()
qibo.set_backend(backend)
thetas = np.pi * np.random.random((3, 8))
target_entropy = callbacks.EntanglementEntropy([0, 2, 4, 5])
c1 = Circuit(8)
c1.add((gates.RY(i, thetas[0, i]) for i in range(8)))
c1.add((gates.CZ(i, i + 1) for i in range(0, 7, 2)))
state1 = c1()
e1 = target_entropy(state1)
c2 = Circuit(8)
c2.add((gates.RY(i, thetas[1, i]) for i in range(8)))
c2.add((gates.CZ(i, i + 1) for i in range(1, 7, 2)))
c2.add(gates.CZ(0, 7))
state2 = (c1 + c2)()
e2 = target_entropy(state2)
c3 = Circuit(8)
c3.add((gates.RY(i, thetas[2, i]) for i in range(8)))
c3.add((gates.CZ(i, i + 1) for i in range(0, 7, 2)))
state3 = (c1 + c2 + c3)()
e3 = target_entropy(state3)
entropy = callbacks.EntanglementEntropy([0, 2, 4, 5])
c = Circuit(8, accelerators)
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
c.add((gates.RY(i, thetas[0, i]) for i in range(8)))
c.add((gates.CZ(i, i + 1) for i in range(0, 7, 2)))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
c.add((gates.RY(i, thetas[1, i]) for i in range(8)))
c.add((gates.CZ(i, i + 1) for i in range(1, 7, 2)))
c.add(gates.CZ(0, 7))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
c.add((gates.RY(i, thetas[2, i]) for i in range(8)))
c.add((gates.CZ(i, i + 1) for i in range(0, 7, 2)))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
state = c()
np.testing.assert_allclose(state3, state)
np.testing.assert_allclose(entropy[:], [0, e1, e2, e3])
qibo.set_backend(original_backend)
def test_entropy_in_compiled_circuit():
"""Check that entropy calculation works when circuit is compiled."""
import qibo
original_backend = qibo.get_backend()
qibo.set_backend("matmuleinsum")
entropy = callbacks.EntanglementEntropy([0])
c = Circuit(2)
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
c.add(gates.H(0))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
c.add(gates.CNOT(0, 1))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
c.compile()
state = c()
qibo.set_backend("custom")
target = [0, 0, 1.0]
np.testing.assert_allclose(entropy[:].numpy(), target, atol=_atol)
qibo.set_backend(original_backend)
def test_state_callback(backend, density_matrix, copy):
statec = callbacks.State(copy=copy)
c = Circuit(2, density_matrix=density_matrix)
c.add(gates.H(0))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(statec))
c.add(gates.H(1))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(statec))
final_state = c()
target_state0 = np.array([1, 0, 1, 0]) / np.sqrt(2)
target_state1 = np.ones(4) / 2.0
if not copy and K.name == "qibojit":
# when copy is disabled in the callback and in-place updates are used
target_state0 = target_state1
if density_matrix:
target_state0 = np.tensordot(target_state0, target_state0, axes=0)
target_state1 = np.tensordot(target_state1, target_state1, axes=0)
K.assert_allclose(statec[0], target_state0)
K.assert_allclose(statec[1], target_state1)
def test_entropy_in_compiled_circuit(backend):
"""Check that entropy calculation works when circuit is compiled."""
original_backend = qibo.get_backend()
qibo.set_backend(backend)
entropy = callbacks.EntanglementEntropy([0])
c = Circuit(2)
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
c.add(gates.H(0))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
c.add(gates.CNOT(0, 1))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
if backend == "custom":
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
c.compile()
else:
c.compile()
final_state = c()
np.testing.assert_allclose(entropy[:], [0, 0, 1.0], atol=_atol)
qibo.set_backend(original_backend)
def test_getitem_bad_indexing(backend):
entropy = callbacks.EntanglementEntropy([0])
c = Circuit(2)
c.add(gates.RY(0, 0.1234))
c.add(gates.CNOT(0, 1))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
final_state = c()
entropy[0]
with pytest.raises(IndexError):
entropy[1]
with pytest.raises(IndexError):
entropy["a"]
def test_entropy_multiple_executions(backend, accelerators):
"""Check entropy calculation when the callback is used in multiple executions."""
target_c = Circuit(4)
target_c.add([gates.RY(0, 0.1234), gates.CNOT(0, 1)])
target_state = target_c()
entropy = callbacks.EntanglementEntropy([0])
c = Circuit(4, accelerators)
c.add(gates.RY(0, 0.1234))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
c.add(gates.CNOT(0, 1))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
state = c()
K.assert_allclose(state, target_state)
target_c = Circuit(4)
target_c.add([gates.RY(0, 0.4321), gates.CNOT(0, 1)])
target_state = target_c()
c = Circuit(4, accelerators)
c.add(gates.RY(0, 0.4321))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
c.add(gates.CNOT(0, 1))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
state = c()
K.assert_allclose(state, target_state)
def target_entropy(t):
cos = np.cos(t / 2.0) ** 2
sin = np.sin(t / 2.0) ** 2
return - cos * np.log2(cos) - sin * np.log2(sin)
target = [0, target_entropy(0.1234), 0, target_entropy(0.4321)]
K.assert_allclose(entropy[:], target, atol=_atol)
c = Circuit(8, accelerators)
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
state = c()
def test_entropy_bad_indexing():
"""Check exceptions in ``Callback.__getitem__``."""
entropy = callbacks.EntanglementEntropy([0])
c = Circuit(2)
c.add(gates.RY(0, 0.1234))
c.add(gates.CNOT(0, 1))
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
state = c()
entropy[0]
with pytest.raises(IndexError):
entropy[1]
with pytest.raises(IndexError):
entropy["a"]
def test_entropy_in_distributed_circuit(backend, accelerators, gateconf, target_entropy):
"""Check that various entropy configurations work in distributed circuit."""
target_c = Circuit(4)
target_c.add([gates.H(0), gates.CNOT(0, 1)])
target_state = target_c()
entropy = callbacks.EntanglementEntropy([0])
c = Circuit(4, accelerators)
for gate in gateconf:
if gate == "H":
c.add(gates.H(0))
elif gate == "CNOT":
c.add(gates.CNOT(0, 1))
elif gate == "entropy":
c.add(gates.CallbackGate(entropy))
final_state = c()
K.assert_allclose(final_state, target_state)
K.assert_allclose(entropy[:], target_entropy, atol=_atol)
def test_circuit_gate_generator_errors(backend, accelerators):
from qibo import callbacks
original_backend = qibo.get_backend()
qibo.set_backend(backend)
smallc = Circuit(2, accelerators=accelerators)
smallc.add((gates.H(i) for i in range(2)))
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
next(smallc.on_qubits(0, 1, 2))
smallc = Circuit(2, accelerators=accelerators)
smallc.add(gates.Flatten(np.ones(4) / np.sqrt(2)))
with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
next(smallc.on_qubits(0, 1))
smallc = Circuit(4, accelerators=accelerators)
smallc.add(gates.CallbackGate(callbacks.EntanglementEntropy([0, 1])))
with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
next(smallc.on_qubits(0, 1, 2, 3))
qibo.set_backend(original_backend)
def test_callback_gate_errors():
from qibo import callbacks
entropy = callbacks.EntanglementEntropy([0])
gate = gates.CallbackGate(entropy)
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
gate.construct_unitary()
def test_callback_gate_errors():
"""Check errors associated with ``gates.CallbackGate``."""
entropy = callbacks.EntanglementEntropy([0])
gate = gates.CallbackGate(entropy)
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
gate.construct_unitary()
