def test_peak_on_ground_state():
sdm = SparseDM(1)
sdm.ensure_dense(0)
p0, p1 = sdm.peak_measurement(0)
assert p0 == 1
assert p1 == 0
def SimulateRandomClifford(circ, gauge, noise):
# Compute the entanglement fidelity between the noisy circuit and the perfect circuit.
# 1. Compute the Choi state for the perfect circuit.
# 2. Compute the Choi state for the imperfect circuit.
# 3. Take the inner product.
start = time.time()
perfect = qc.Circuit(title='Perfect Circuit')
RandomCliffordCircuit(perfect, circ, gauge, 0)
pdm = SparseDM(perfect.get_qubit_names())
perfect.apply_to(pdm)
#print("Perfect Choi state")
#print(sdmc.full_dm.dm.ravel())
noisy = qc.Circuit(title='Noisy Circuit')
RandomCliffordCircuit(noisy, circ, gauge, noise)
ndm = SparseDM(noisy.get_qubit_names())
noisy.apply_to(ndm)
fidelity = np.dot(pdm.full_dm.dm.ravel(), ndm.full_dm.dm.ravel())
# print("fidelity = %g"% (fidelity))
end = time.time()
# print("gauge setting\n%s\ndone in %d seconds."% (np.array_str(gauge), end - start))
return fidelity
def test_ensure_dense_simple():
sdm = SparseDM(10)
sdm.ensure_dense(0)
sdm.ensure_dense(1)
assert len(sdm.classical) == 8
assert len(sdm.idx_in_full_dm) == 2
assert sdm.full_dm.no_qubits == 2
assert np.allclose(sdm.trace(), 1)
def test_multiple_measurement_hadamard_on_classical(self):
sdm = SparseDM(2)
sdm.hadamard(0)
meas = sdm.peak_multiple_measurements([0, 1])
assert len(meas) == 2
assert meas == [({0: 0, 1: 0}, 0.5), ({0: 1, 1: 0}, 0.5)]
def test_peak_on_hadamard():
sdm = SparseDM(1)
hadamard = ptm.hadamard_ptm()
sdm.apply_ptm(0, hadamard)
p0, p1 = sdm.peak_measurement(0)
assert np.allclose(p0, 0.5)
assert np.allclose(p1, 0.5)
def test_majority_vote_on_excited_classical(self):
bits = [1, 2, 3]
sdm = SparseDM(bits)
sdm.set_bit(1, 1)
sdm.set_bit(3, 1)
p = sdm.majority_vote(bits)
assert np.allclose(p, 1)
assert sdm._last_majority_vote_mask == 0
def test_renormalize():
sdm = SparseDM(2)
sdm.hadamard(0)
sdm.project_measurement(0, 1)
assert np.allclose(sdm.trace(), 0.5)
sdm.renormalize()
assert np.allclose(sdm.trace(), 1)
def test_majority_vote_gs_classical(self):
bits = [1, 2, 3]
sdm = SparseDM(bits)
assert sdm._last_majority_vote_array is None
assert sdm._last_majority_vote_mask is None
p = sdm.majority_vote(bits)
assert sdm._last_majority_vote_mask == 0
assert np.allclose(p, 0)
def test_copy():
sdm = SparseDM(5)
sdm.classical.update({1: 1, 3: 1})
sdm.ensure_dense(2)
assert sdm.full_dm.no_qubits == 1
assert len(sdm.classical) == 4
sdm_copy = sdm.copy()
assert len(sdm_copy.classical) == 4
assert sdm_copy.classical == {0: 0, 1: 1, 3: 1, 4: 0}
assert sdm_copy.classical is not sdm.classical
assert sdm.full_dm is not sdm_copy.full_dm
assert np.allclose(sdm.full_dm.to_array(), sdm_copy.full_dm.to_array())
def test_multiple_does_not_change(self):
sdm = SparseDM(3)
sdm.hadamard(0)
sdm.hadamard(1)
sdm.ensure_dense(0)
sdm.ensure_dense(1)
sdm.ensure_dense(2)
before = sdm.full_dm.to_array()
assert before.shape == (8, 8)
sdm.peak_multiple_measurements([0, 1, 2])
assert np.allclose(before, sdm.full_dm.to_array())
def test_majority_after_hadamard(self):
bits = [1, 2, 3]
sdm = SparseDM(bits)
sdm.hadamard(1)
sdm.hadamard(2)
sdm.hadamard(3)
p = sdm.majority_vote(bits)
assert np.allclose(p, 0.5)
sdm.hadamard(3)
p = sdm.majority_vote(bits)
assert np.allclose(p, 0.25)
def test_peak_then_measure():
sdm = SparseDM(1)
assert np.allclose(sdm.trace(), 1)
sdm.ensure_dense(0)
assert np.allclose(sdm.trace(), 1)
p0, p1 = sdm.peak_measurement(0)
assert np.allclose(p0, 1)
assert np.allclose(p1, 0)
sdm.project_measurement(0, 0)
assert len(sdm.classical) == 1
assert 0 in sdm.classical
assert sdm.classical[0] == 0
assert len(sdm.idx_in_full_dm) == 0
assert sdm.full_dm.no_qubits == 0
assert np.allclose(sdm.trace(), 1)
def test_peak_on_decay():
sdm = SparseDM(1)
sdm.classical[0] = 1
p0, p1 = sdm.peak_measurement(0)
assert np.allclose(p0, 0)
assert np.allclose(p1, 1)
sdm.amp_ph_damping(0, 0.02, 0)
p0, p1 = sdm.peak_measurement(0)
assert np.allclose(p0, 0.02)
assert np.allclose(p1, 0.98)
sdm.amp_ph_damping(0, 0.02, 0)
p0, p1 = sdm.peak_measurement(0)
assert np.allclose(p0, 0.02 + 0.98 * 0.02)
def test_majority_vote_on_excited_quantum(self):
bits = [1, 2, 3]
sdm = SparseDM(bits)
sdm.rotate_y(1, np.pi)
sdm.rotate_y(2, np.pi)
sdm.rotate_y(3, 2 * np.pi)
p = sdm.majority_vote(bits)
assert np.allclose(p, 1)
assert sdm._last_majority_vote_mask == 7
def test_set_bit():
sdm = SparseDM(10)
sdm.set_bit(0, 1)
assert sdm.classical[0] == 1
sdm.hadamard(0)
sdm.hadamard(0)
def test_multiple_measurement_hadamard_order2_regression(self):
sdm = SparseDM(3)
sdm.hadamard(0)
sdm.hadamard(1)
sdm.ensure_dense(0)
sdm.ensure_dense(1)
sdm.ensure_dense(2)
meas = sdm.peak_multiple_measurements([0, 1, 2])
assert len(meas) == 8
for state, p in meas:
print(meas)
if state[2] == 0:
assert np.allclose(p, 0.25)
else:
assert np.allclose(p, 0)
def test_majority_vote_invalid_results_error(self):
bits = [1, 2, 3]
sdm = SparseDM(bits)
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
sdm.majority_vote({1: "bla"})
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
sdm.majority_vote({1: 2})
def test_multiple_measurement_classical_prob(self):
sdm = SparseDM(3)
sdm.hadamard(0)
sdm.hadamard(1)
sdm.classical_probability = 0.7
r = sdm.peak_multiple_measurements([0, 1, 2])
total_prob = sum(prob for outcome, prob in r)
assert total_prob == sdm.trace()
def test_meas_on_ground_state():
sdm = SparseDM(1)
sdm.ensure_dense(0)
sdm.project_measurement(0, 0)
assert len(sdm.classical) == 1
assert 0 in sdm.classical
assert sdm.classical[0] == 0
assert len(sdm.idx_in_full_dm) == 0
assert sdm.full_dm.no_qubits == 0
assert np.allclose(sdm.trace(), 1)
def test_multiple_measurement_hadamard_order1(self):
sdm = SparseDM(3)
sdm.hadamard(0)
sdm.hadamard(2)
sdm.ensure_dense(0)
sdm.ensure_dense(1)
sdm.ensure_dense(2)
meas = sdm.peak_multiple_measurements([0, 1, 2])
assert len(meas) == 8
for state, p in meas:
for x in state.values():
assert x in [0, 1]
if state[1] == 0:
assert np.allclose(p, 0.25)
else:
assert np.allclose(p, 0)
def test_meas_on_hadamard():
sdm = SparseDM(1)
sdm.hadamard(0)
p0, p1 = sdm.peak_measurement(0)
assert p0 == 0.5
assert p1 == 0.5
sdm.project_measurement(0, 1)
print(sdm.full_dm.to_array())
assert len(sdm.classical) == 1
assert sdm.full_dm.no_qubits == 0
assert sdm.classical[0] == 1
assert np.allclose(sdm.trace(), 0.5)
def test_multiple_measurement_gs(self):
sdm = SparseDM(3)
sdm.ensure_dense(0)
sdm.ensure_dense(1)
sdm.ensure_dense(2)
meas = sdm.peak_multiple_measurements([0, 1, 2])
assert len(meas) == 8
for state, p in meas:
if state[0] == 0 and state[1] == 0 and state[2] == 0:
assert np.allclose(p, 1)
else:
assert np.allclose(p, 0)
def test_override(self):
qubit_list = ['swap', 'cp']
with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
# We did not provide any seed
setup = quick_setup(qubit_list, noise_flag=False)
b = Builder(setup)
b < ('RotateY', 'swap', np.pi/2)
b < ('RotateY', 'cp', np.pi/2)
b < ('CZ', 'cp', 'swap')
b < ('RotateY', 'cp', -np.pi/2)
b.finalize()
bell_circuit = b.circuit
bell_state = SparseDM(bell_circuit.get_qubit_names())
bell_circuit.apply_to(bell_state)
diag = np.diag(bell_state.full_dm.to_array())
assert np.abs(diag[0]-0.5) < 1e-10
assert np.abs(diag[3]-0.5) < 1e-10
assert np.abs(diag[1]) < 1e-10
assert np.abs(diag[2]) < 1e-10
def test_make_imperfect_bell(self):
qubit_list = ['swap', 'cp']
with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
# We did not provide any seed
setup = quick_setup(qubit_list)
b = Builder(setup)
b.add_gate('RotateY', ['swap'], angle=np.pi/2)
b.add_gate('RotateY', ['cp'], angle=np.pi/2)
b.add_gate('CZ', ['cp', 'swap'])
b.add_gate('RotateY', ['cp'], angle=-np.pi/2)
b.finalize()
bell_circuit = b.circuit
bell_state = SparseDM(bell_circuit.get_qubit_names())
bell_circuit.apply_to(bell_state)
diag = np.diag(bell_state.full_dm.to_array())
assert np.abs(diag[0]-0.5) < 1e-2
assert np.abs(diag[3]-0.5) < 1e-2
assert np.abs(diag[1]) < 3e-2
assert np.abs(diag[2]) < 3e-2
def test_deferred_apply(self):
sdm = SparseDM(1)
assert 0 in sdm.classical
p = ptm.hadamard_ptm()
sdm.apply_ptm(0, p)
assert 0 in sdm.classical
assert 0 in sdm.single_ptms_to_do
sdm.combine_and_apply_single_ptm(0)
assert 0 not in sdm.classical
assert 0 not in sdm.single_ptms_to_do
def test_qasm(self):
qubit_list = ['swap', 'cp']
with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
# We did not provide any seed
setup = quick_setup(qubit_list, noise_flag=False)
b = Builder(setup)
qasm0 = 'Ry 1.57079632679 swap'
qasm1 = 'Ry 1.57079632679 cp'
qasm2 = 'CZ cp swap'
qasm3 = 'Ry -1.57079632679 cp'
qasm_list = [qasm0, qasm1, qasm2, qasm3]
b.add_qasm(qasm_list, qubits_first=False)
b.finalize()
bell_circuit = b.circuit
bell_state = SparseDM(bell_circuit.get_qubit_names())
bell_circuit.apply_to(bell_state)
diag = np.diag(bell_state.full_dm.to_array())
assert np.abs(diag[0]-0.5) < 1e-10
assert np.abs(diag[3]-0.5) < 1e-10
assert np.abs(diag[1]) < 1e-10
assert np.abs(diag[2]) < 1e-10
class Controller:
def __init__(self,
filename=None,
setup=None,
random_state=None,
seed=None,
qubits=None,
circuits=None,
circuit_lists=None,
adjust_gates=None,
measurement_gates=None,
angle_convert_matrices=None,
mbits=None):
"""
qubits: list of qubits in the experiment
mbits: the set of bits to receive measurements
circuits: dictionary of circuits to apply to a state
to perform an operation.
circuit_lists: corresponding circuit lists (as output by qsoverlay
builder for saving purposes)
msmt_circuits: dictionary of circuits to measure a state.
adjust_gates: a list of adjustable gates in a circuit
that the user might pass parameters to when they run
the circuit.
measurement_gates: a set of Measurement type operators
to extract extra details about the measurements made.
"""
self.circuits = circuits or {}
self.circuit_lists = circuit_lists or {}
if 'record' in self.circuits:
raise ValueError('record is a protected keyword')
if any([type(c) == int for c in self.circuits]):
raise ValueError('Circuits must not use integers for labels')
self.mbits = mbits or []
self.qubits = qubits or []
self.adjust_gates = adjust_gates or {}
self.angle_convert_matrices = angle_convert_matrices or {}
self.measurement_gates = measurement_gates or {}
self.state = None
if filename is not None:
self.load(filename, setup, random_state, seed)
self.make_state()
def load(self, filename, setup, random_state=None, seed=None):
with open(filename, 'r') as infile:
data = json.load(infile)
if type(setup) == str:
setup = Setup(filename=setup, state=random_state, seed=seed)
self.mbits = data['mbits']
self.qubits = data['qubits']
self.angle_convert_matrices = {
key: np.array(val)
for key, val in data['angle_convert_matrices'].items()
}
b = Builder(setup)
for name, cl in data['circuit_lists'].items():
b.new_circuit()
adjust_gates = b.add_circuit_list(cl)
b.finalize()
self.circuits[name] = b.circuit
self.circuit_lists[name] = cl
self.adjust_gates[name] = [
ag for ag in adjust_gates
if type(ag) is not Measurement]
self.measurement_gates[name] = [
ag for ag in adjust_gates
if type(ag) is Measurement]
if name in data['angle_convert_matrices']:
self.angle_convert_matrices = \
data['angle_convert_matrices'][name]
def save(self, filename):
data = {
'mbits': self.mbits,
'qubits': self.qubits,
'circuit_lists': self.circuit_lists,
'angle_convert_matrices': {
key: val.tolist()
for key, val in self.angle_convert_matrices.items()}
}
with open(filename, 'w') as outfile:
json.dump(data, outfile)
def make_state(self, dense_qubits=None):
self.state = SparseDM(self.qubits + self.mbits)
if dense_qubits is not None:
for qubit in dense_qubits:
self.state.ensure_dense(qubit)
def apply_circuit(self, circuit):
"""
Applies a circuit to the state.
Each entry is either:
a) a string corresponding to an entry in self.circuits
b) a tuple or list with the first entry a string corresponding
to an entry in self.circuits and the remaining entries
angles to input for self.adjust_gates.
c) a tuple or list with the first entry the reserved keyword
'record', and the remaining entries a list of mbits to
store the current value of.
d) a pair (n, circuit), where circuit is one of the above,
and n is the number of times to repeat the circuit.
"""
# Record is a reserved keyword to copy the output
# from a set of classical bits to return to the user.
if type(circuit) is list or type(circuit) is tuple:
if circuit[0] == 'record':
output = []
for mbit in circuit[1:]:
output.append(self.state.classical[mbit])
return output
op_name = circuit[0]
if type(op_name) == int:
return_data = []
for _ in range(op_name):
return_data.append(self.apply_circuit(circuit[1]))
return return_data
else:
if op_name in self.angle_convert_matrices:
angles = self.angle_convert_matrices[op_name] @ circuit[1:]
else:
angles = circuit[1:]
for gate, param in zip(
self.adjust_gates[op_name], angles):
if not isinstance(param, tuple):
param = (param,)
gate.adjust(*param)
self.circuits[op_name].apply_to(self.state,
apply_all_pending=False)
else:
op_name = circuit
self.circuits[op_name].apply_to(self.state,
apply_all_pending=False)
if op_name in self.measurement_gates:
return_data = [{
'probabilities': m.probabilities[-1],
'projects': m.projects[-1],
'measurements': m.measurements[-1]}
for m in self.measurement_gates[op_name]]
return return_data
return None
def __lt__(self, circuit):
self.apply_circuit(circuit)
def apply_circuit_list(self, circuit_list):
"""
Apply a set of operations to a state.
circuit_list: a list of circuits to apply.
"""
output_list = []
for circuit in circuit_list:
# Record is a reserved keyword to copy the output
# from a set of classical bits to return to the user.
output = self.apply_circuit(circuit)
if output is not None:
output_list.append(output)
return output_list
def simulate_tomo(self, circuit,
tomo_circuits,
measurement_model,
num_measurements,
output_format, data_type):
"""
Takes the current system state, copies it,
applies multiple tomography circuits, and runs them through
models for the measurement to return thresholded voltages.
"""
data = []
for tomo_circuit in tomo_circuits:
self.make_state()
self < circuit
self < tomo_circuit
self.state.renormalize()
rho_dist = self.state.peak_multiple_measurements(
measurement_model.qubits)
data.append(measurement_model.sample(
rho_dist, num_measurements, data_type=data_type,
output_format=output_format))
return data
def get_expectation_values(self, msmts, num_repetitions=None):
"""
Measures a set of Pauli strings on the current state.
If num_repetitions is None this is performed perfectly.
Otherwise, we treat the calculated value as a bernoulli
random variable we are attempting to approximate, and
sample an answer.
input: msmts: list of measurement dictionaries, containing
'X', 'Y', or 'Z' for each non-trivial qubit label.
"""
results = []
self.state.apply_all_pending()
self.state.renormalize()
dm = self.state.full_dm.to_array()
for msmt in msmts:
mult = 1
# Make Pauli list
pauli_list = [1] * len(self.state.idx_in_full_dm)
for qubit in msmt:
if qubit not in self.state.idx_in_full_dm:
if msmt[qubit] == 'Z':
mult *= (-1) ** self.state.classical[qubit]
elif msmt[qubit] in ['X', 'Y']:
mult = 0
else:
raise ValueError('qubit measurements must be X, Y, Z')
else:
pauli_list[self.state.idx_in_full_dm[qubit]] = msmt[qubit]
# Make measurement operator
op = pauli_dic[pauli_list[0]]
for label in pauli_list[1:]:
op = np.kron(pauli_dic[label], op)
result = mult * np.trace(op @ dm)
assert np.imag(result) < 1e-9
result = float(np.real(result))
if num_repetitions is not None:
bernoulli_rv = (1 - result) / 2
if -1e-6 < bernoulli_rv <= 0:
noisy_result = 0
elif 1 <= bernoulli_rv < 1 + 1e-6:
noisy_result = 1
else:
try:
noisy_result = np.random.beta(bernoulli_rv *
num_repetitions,
(1 - bernoulli_rv) *
num_repetitions)
except Exception:
raise ValueError(
'My bernoulli random variable is weird: {}'
.format(bernoulli_rv))
results.append(1 - 2 * noisy_result)
else:
results.append(result)
return np.array(results)
def get_prob_all_zero(self, qubits):
"""
Returns the probability that all qubits in qubits
will return a 0 measurement (regardless of any other qubit
measurement).
"""
self.state.apply_all_pending()
self.state.renormalize()
indices = [self.state.idx_in_full_dm[q] for q in qubits]
diagonal = self.state.full_dm.get_diag()
return sum([x for j, x in enumerate(diagonal) if
all([(j // 2 ** i) % 2 == 0 for i in indices])])
def make_state(self, dense_qubits=None):
self.state = SparseDM(self.qubits + self.mbits)
if dense_qubits is not None:
for qubit in dense_qubits:
self.state.ensure_dense(qubit)
def test_init(self):
sdm = SparseDM(10)
assert sdm.no_qubits == 10
assert len(sdm.classical) == 10
assert sdm.classical[0] == 0
def test_cphase_simple():
sdm = SparseDM(2)
sdm.cphase(0, 1)
assert sdm.full_dm.no_qubits == 2