Beispiel #1
0
    def connect(self):
        "Connects to the Redis server if not already connected"
        if self._sock:
            return
        try:
            sock = self._connect()
        except socket.timeout:
            raise TimeoutError("Timeout connecting to server")
        except socket.error:
            e = sys.exc_info()[1]
            raise ConnectionError(self._error_message(e))

        self._sock = sock
        self._selector = DefaultSelector(sock)
        try:
            self.on_connect()
        except RedisError:
            # clean up after any error in on_connect
            self.disconnect()
            raise

        # run any user callbacks. right now the only internal callback
        # is for pubsub channel/pattern resubscription
        for callback in self._connect_callbacks:
            callback(self)
Beispiel #2
0
    def connect(self):
        # TODO 该方法中存在多个try-except块,区别处理不同的异常!!!
        "Connects to the Redis server if not already connected"
        if self._sock:  # TODO 判断是否已经连接上Redis Server
            return
        try:
            sock = self._connect()  # TODO 建立1条和Redis Server的TCP链接
        except socket.timeout:
            raise TimeoutError("Timeout connecting to server")
        except socket.error:
            e = sys.exc_info()[1]
            raise ConnectionError(self._error_message(e))

        self._sock = sock  # TODO 将链接对象赋给对象属性_sock
        self._selector = DefaultSelector(sock)  # TODO 异步IO的选择器???
        try:
            self.on_connect()  # TODO 校验密码,select DB后链接上Redis Server DB
        except RedisError:
            # clean up after any error in on_connect
            self.disconnect()
            raise

        # run any user callbacks. right now the only internal callback
        # is for pubsub channel/pattern resubscription
        for callback in self._connect_callbacks:
            callback(self)
Beispiel #3
0
    def connect(self):
        "Connects to the Redis server if not already connected"
        if self._sock:
            return
        try:
            sock = self._connect()
        except socket.timeout:
            raise TimeoutError("Timeout connecting to server")
        except socket.error:
            e = sys.exc_info()[1]
            raise ConnectionError(self._error_message(e))

        self._sock = sock
        self._selector = DefaultSelector(sock)
        try:
            self.on_connect()
        except RedisError:
            # clean up after any error in on_connect
            self.disconnect()
            raise

        # run any user callbacks. right now the only internal callback
        # is for pubsub channel/pattern resubscription
        for callback in self._connect_callbacks:
            callback(self)
Beispiel #4
0
class Connection(object):
    "Manages TCP communication to and from a Redis server"
    description_format = "Connection<host=%(host)s,port=%(port)s,db=%(db)s," \
                         "client_name=%(client_name)s>"

    def __init__(self,
                 host='localhost',
                 port=6379,
                 db=0,
                 password=None,
                 socket_timeout=None,
                 socket_connect_timeout=None,
                 socket_keepalive=False,
                 socket_keepalive_options=None,
                 socket_type=0,
                 retry_on_timeout=False,
                 encoding='utf-8',
                 encoding_errors='strict',
                 decode_responses=False,
                 parser_class=DefaultParser,
                 socket_read_size=65536,
                 client_name=''):
        self.pid = os.getpid()
        self.host = host
        self.port = int(port)
        self.db = db
        self.password = password
        self.socket_timeout = socket_timeout
        self.socket_connect_timeout = socket_connect_timeout or socket_timeout
        self.socket_keepalive = socket_keepalive
        self.socket_keepalive_options = socket_keepalive_options or {}
        self.socket_type = socket_type
        self.retry_on_timeout = retry_on_timeout
        self.encoder = Encoder(encoding, encoding_errors, decode_responses)
        self._sock = None
        self._selector = None
        self._parser = parser_class(socket_read_size=socket_read_size)
        self._client_name = client_name
        self._description_args = {
            'host': self.host,
            'port': self.port,
            'db': self.db,
            'client_name': self._client_name,
        }
        self._connect_callbacks = []
        self._buffer_cutoff = 6000

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.description_format % self._description_args

    def __del__(self):
        try:
            self.disconnect()
        except Exception:
            pass

    def register_connect_callback(self, callback):
        self._connect_callbacks.append(callback)

    def clear_connect_callbacks(self):
        self._connect_callbacks = []

    def connect(self):
        "Connects to the Redis server if not already connected"
        if self._sock:
            return
        try:
            sock = self._connect()
        except socket.timeout:
            raise TimeoutError("Timeout connecting to server")
        except socket.error:
            e = sys.exc_info()[1]
            raise ConnectionError(self._error_message(e))

        self._sock = sock
        self._selector = DefaultSelector(sock)
        try:
            self.on_connect()
        except RedisError:
            # clean up after any error in on_connect
            self.disconnect()
            raise

        # run any user callbacks. right now the only internal callback
        # is for pubsub channel/pattern resubscription
        for callback in self._connect_callbacks:
            callback(self)

    def _connect(self):
        "Create a TCP socket connection"
        # we want to mimic what socket.create_connection does to support
        # ipv4/ipv6, but we want to set options prior to calling
        # socket.connect()
        err = None
        for res in socket.getaddrinfo(self.host, self.port, self.socket_type,
                                      socket.SOCK_STREAM):
            family, socktype, proto, canonname, socket_address = res
            sock = None
            try:
                sock = socket.socket(family, socktype, proto)
                # TCP_NODELAY
                sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)

                # TCP_KEEPALIVE
                if self.socket_keepalive:
                    sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_KEEPALIVE, 1)
                    for k, v in iteritems(self.socket_keepalive_options):
                        sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, k, v)

                # set the socket_connect_timeout before we connect
                sock.settimeout(self.socket_connect_timeout)

                # connect
                sock.connect(socket_address)

                # set the socket_timeout now that we're connected
                sock.settimeout(self.socket_timeout)
                return sock

            except socket.error as _:
                err = _
                if sock is not None:
                    sock.close()

        if err is not None:
            raise err
        raise socket.error("socket.getaddrinfo returned an empty list")

    def _error_message(self, exception):
        # args for socket.error can either be (errno, "message")
        # or just "message"
        if len(exception.args) == 1:
            return "Error connecting to %s:%s. %s." % \
                (self.host, self.port, exception.args[0])
        else:
            return "Error %s connecting to %s:%s. %s." % \
                (exception.args[0], self.host, self.port, exception.args[1])

    def on_connect(self):
        "Initialize the connection, authenticate and select a database"
        self._parser.on_connect(self)

        # if a password is specified, authenticate
        if self.password:
            self.send_command('AUTH', self.password)
            if nativestr(self.read_response()) != 'OK':
                raise AuthenticationError('Invalid Password')

        if self._client_name:
            self.send_command('CLIENT', 'SETNAME', self._client_name)
            if nativestr(self.read_response()) != 'OK':
                raise ConnectionError('Error setting client name')

        # if a database is specified, switch to it
        if self.db:
            self.send_command('SELECT', self.db)
            if nativestr(self.read_response()) != 'OK':
                raise ConnectionError('Invalid Database')

    def disconnect(self):
        "Disconnects from the Redis server"
        self._parser.on_disconnect()
        if self._sock is None:
            return
        if self._selector is not None:
            self._selector.close()
            self._selector = None
        try:
            if os.getpid() == self.pid:
                self._sock.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR)
            self._sock.close()
        except socket.error:
            pass
        self._sock = None

    def send_packed_command(self, command):
        "Send an already packed command to the Redis server"
        if not self._sock:
            self.connect()
        try:
            if isinstance(command, str):
                command = [command]
            for item in command:
                self._sock.sendall(item)
        except socket.timeout:
            self.disconnect()
            raise TimeoutError("Timeout writing to socket")
        except socket.error:
            e = sys.exc_info()[1]
            self.disconnect()
            if len(e.args) == 1:
                errno, errmsg = 'UNKNOWN', e.args[0]
            else:
                errno = e.args[0]
                errmsg = e.args[1]
            raise ConnectionError("Error %s while writing to socket. %s." %
                                  (errno, errmsg))
        except:  # noqa: E722
            self.disconnect()
            raise

    def send_command(self, *args):
        "Pack and send a command to the Redis server"
        self.send_packed_command(self.pack_command(*args))

    def can_read(self, timeout=0):
        "Poll the socket to see if there's data that can be read."
        sock = self._sock
        if not sock:
            self.connect()
            sock = self._sock
        return self._parser.can_read() or self._selector.can_read(timeout)

    def is_ready_for_command(self):
        "Check if the connection is ready for a command"
        return self._selector.is_ready_for_command()

    def read_response(self):
        "Read the response from a previously sent command"
        try:
            response = self._parser.read_response()
        except socket.timeout:
            self.disconnect()
            raise TimeoutError("Timeout reading from %s:%s" %
                               (self.host, self.port))
        except socket.error:
            self.disconnect()
            e = sys.exc_info()[1]
            raise ConnectionError("Error while reading from %s:%s : %s" %
                                  (self.host, self.port, e.args))
        except:  # noqa: E722
            self.disconnect()
            raise
        if isinstance(response, ResponseError):
            raise response
        return response

    def pack_command(self, *args):
        "Pack a series of arguments into the Redis protocol"
        output = []
        # the client might have included 1 or more literal arguments in
        # the command name, e.g., 'CONFIG GET'. The Redis server expects these
        # arguments to be sent separately, so split the first argument
        # manually. All of these arguements get wrapped in the Token class
        # to prevent them from being encoded.
        command = args[0]
        if ' ' in command:
            args = tuple(Token.get_token(s)
                         for s in command.split()) + args[1:]
        else:
            args = (Token.get_token(command), ) + args[1:]

        buff = SYM_EMPTY.join((SYM_STAR, str(len(args)).encode(), SYM_CRLF))

        buffer_cutoff = self._buffer_cutoff
        for arg in imap(self.encoder.encode, args):
            # to avoid large string mallocs, chunk the command into the
            # output list if we're sending large values
            if len(buff) > buffer_cutoff or len(arg) > buffer_cutoff:
                buff = SYM_EMPTY.join(
                    (buff, SYM_DOLLAR, str(len(arg)).encode(), SYM_CRLF))
                output.append(buff)
                output.append(arg)
                buff = SYM_CRLF
            else:
                buff = SYM_EMPTY.join(
                    (buff, SYM_DOLLAR, str(len(arg)).encode(), SYM_CRLF, arg,
                     SYM_CRLF))
        output.append(buff)
        return output

    def pack_commands(self, commands):
        "Pack multiple commands into the Redis protocol"
        output = []
        pieces = []
        buffer_length = 0
        buffer_cutoff = self._buffer_cutoff

        for cmd in commands:
            for chunk in self.pack_command(*cmd):
                chunklen = len(chunk)
                if buffer_length > buffer_cutoff or chunklen > buffer_cutoff:
                    output.append(SYM_EMPTY.join(pieces))
                    buffer_length = 0
                    pieces = []

                if chunklen > self._buffer_cutoff:
                    output.append(chunk)
                else:
                    pieces.append(chunk)
                    buffer_length += chunklen

        if pieces:
            output.append(SYM_EMPTY.join(pieces))
        return output
Beispiel #5
0
class Connection(object):
    "Manages TCP communication to and from a Redis server"
    description_format = "Connection<host=%(host)s,port=%(port)s,db=%(db)s>"

    def __init__(self, host='localhost', port=6379, db=0, password=None,
                 socket_timeout=None, socket_connect_timeout=None,
                 socket_keepalive=False, socket_keepalive_options=None,
                 socket_type=0, retry_on_timeout=False, encoding='utf-8',
                 encoding_errors='strict', decode_responses=False,
                 parser_class=DefaultParser, socket_read_size=65536):
        self.pid = os.getpid()
        self.host = host
        self.port = int(port)
        self.db = db
        self.password = password
        self.socket_timeout = socket_timeout
        self.socket_connect_timeout = socket_connect_timeout or socket_timeout
        self.socket_keepalive = socket_keepalive
        self.socket_keepalive_options = socket_keepalive_options or {}
        self.socket_type = socket_type
        self.retry_on_timeout = retry_on_timeout
        self.encoder = Encoder(encoding, encoding_errors, decode_responses)
        self._sock = None
        self._selector = None
        self._parser = parser_class(socket_read_size=socket_read_size)
        self._description_args = {
            'host': self.host,
            'port': self.port,
            'db': self.db,
        }
        self._connect_callbacks = []
        self._buffer_cutoff = 6000

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.description_format % self._description_args

    def __del__(self):
        try:
            self.disconnect()
        except Exception:
            pass

    def register_connect_callback(self, callback):
        self._connect_callbacks.append(callback)

    def clear_connect_callbacks(self):
        self._connect_callbacks = []

    def connect(self):
        "Connects to the Redis server if not already connected"
        if self._sock:
            return
        try:
            sock = self._connect()
        except socket.timeout:
            raise TimeoutError("Timeout connecting to server")
        except socket.error:
            e = sys.exc_info()[1]
            raise ConnectionError(self._error_message(e))

        self._sock = sock
        self._selector = DefaultSelector(sock)
        try:
            self.on_connect()
        except RedisError:
            # clean up after any error in on_connect
            self.disconnect()
            raise

        # run any user callbacks. right now the only internal callback
        # is for pubsub channel/pattern resubscription
        for callback in self._connect_callbacks:
            callback(self)

    def _connect(self):
        "Create a TCP socket connection"
        # we want to mimic what socket.create_connection does to support
        # ipv4/ipv6, but we want to set options prior to calling
        # socket.connect()
        err = None
        for res in socket.getaddrinfo(self.host, self.port, self.socket_type,
                                      socket.SOCK_STREAM):
            family, socktype, proto, canonname, socket_address = res
            sock = None
            try:
                sock = socket.socket(family, socktype, proto)
                # TCP_NODELAY
                sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)

                # TCP_KEEPALIVE
                if self.socket_keepalive:
                    sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_KEEPALIVE, 1)
                    for k, v in iteritems(self.socket_keepalive_options):
                        sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, k, v)

                # set the socket_connect_timeout before we connect
                sock.settimeout(self.socket_connect_timeout)

                # connect
                sock.connect(socket_address)

                # set the socket_timeout now that we're connected
                sock.settimeout(self.socket_timeout)
                return sock

            except socket.error as _:
                err = _
                if sock is not None:
                    sock.close()

        if err is not None:
            raise err
        raise socket.error("socket.getaddrinfo returned an empty list")

    def _error_message(self, exception):
        # args for socket.error can either be (errno, "message")
        # or just "message"
        if len(exception.args) == 1:
            return "Error connecting to %s:%s. %s." % \
                (self.host, self.port, exception.args[0])
        else:
            return "Error %s connecting to %s:%s. %s." % \
                (exception.args[0], self.host, self.port, exception.args[1])

    def on_connect(self):
        "Initialize the connection, authenticate and select a database"
        self._parser.on_connect(self)

        # if a password is specified, authenticate
        if self.password:
            self.send_command('AUTH', self.password)
            if nativestr(self.read_response()) != 'OK':
                raise AuthenticationError('Invalid Password')

        # if a database is specified, switch to it
        if self.db:
            self.send_command('SELECT', self.db)
            if nativestr(self.read_response()) != 'OK':
                raise ConnectionError('Invalid Database')

    def disconnect(self):
        "Disconnects from the Redis server"
        self._parser.on_disconnect()
        if self._sock is None:
            return
        if self._selector is not None:
            self._selector.close()
            self._selector = None
        try:
            if os.getpid() == self.pid:
                self._sock.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR)
            self._sock.close()
        except socket.error:
            pass
        self._sock = None

    def send_packed_command(self, command):
        "Send an already packed command to the Redis server"
        if not self._sock:
            self.connect()
        try:
            if isinstance(command, str):
                command = [command]
            for item in command:
                self._sock.sendall(item)
        except socket.timeout:
            self.disconnect()
            raise TimeoutError("Timeout writing to socket")
        except socket.error:
            e = sys.exc_info()[1]
            self.disconnect()
            if len(e.args) == 1:
                errno, errmsg = 'UNKNOWN', e.args[0]
            else:
                errno = e.args[0]
                errmsg = e.args[1]
            raise ConnectionError("Error %s while writing to socket. %s." %
                                  (errno, errmsg))
        except:  # noqa: E722
            self.disconnect()
            raise

    def send_command(self, *args):
        "Pack and send a command to the Redis server"
        self.send_packed_command(self.pack_command(*args))

    def can_read(self, timeout=0):
        "Poll the socket to see if there's data that can be read."
        sock = self._sock
        if not sock:
            self.connect()
            sock = self._sock
        return self._parser.can_read() or self._selector.can_read(timeout)

    def is_ready_for_command(self):
        "Check if the connection is ready for a command"
        return self._selector.is_ready_for_command()

    def read_response(self):
        "Read the response from a previously sent command"
        try:
            response = self._parser.read_response()
        except:  # noqa: E722
            self.disconnect()
            raise
        if isinstance(response, ResponseError):
            raise response
        return response

    def pack_command(self, *args):
        "Pack a series of arguments into the Redis protocol"
        output = []
        # the client might have included 1 or more literal arguments in
        # the command name, e.g., 'CONFIG GET'. The Redis server expects these
        # arguments to be sent separately, so split the first argument
        # manually. All of these arguements get wrapped in the Token class
        # to prevent them from being encoded.
        command = args[0]
        if ' ' in command:
            args = tuple(Token.get_token(s)
                         for s in command.split()) + args[1:]
        else:
            args = (Token.get_token(command),) + args[1:]

        buff = SYM_EMPTY.join((SYM_STAR, str(len(args)).encode(), SYM_CRLF))

        buffer_cutoff = self._buffer_cutoff
        for arg in imap(self.encoder.encode, args):
            # to avoid large string mallocs, chunk the command into the
            # output list if we're sending large values
            if len(buff) > buffer_cutoff or len(arg) > buffer_cutoff:
                buff = SYM_EMPTY.join(
                    (buff, SYM_DOLLAR, str(len(arg)).encode(), SYM_CRLF))
                output.append(buff)
                output.append(arg)
                buff = SYM_CRLF
            else:
                buff = SYM_EMPTY.join(
                    (buff, SYM_DOLLAR, str(len(arg)).encode(),
                     SYM_CRLF, arg, SYM_CRLF))
        output.append(buff)
        return output

    def pack_commands(self, commands):
        "Pack multiple commands into the Redis protocol"
        output = []
        pieces = []
        buffer_length = 0
        buffer_cutoff = self._buffer_cutoff

        for cmd in commands:
            for chunk in self.pack_command(*cmd):
                chunklen = len(chunk)
                if buffer_length > buffer_cutoff or chunklen > buffer_cutoff:
                    output.append(SYM_EMPTY.join(pieces))
                    buffer_length = 0
                    pieces = []

                if chunklen > self._buffer_cutoff:
                    output.append(chunk)
                else:
                    pieces.append(chunk)
                    buffer_length += chunklen

        if pieces:
            output.append(SYM_EMPTY.join(pieces))
        return output
Beispiel #6
0
class Connection(object):
    "Manages TCP communication to and from a Redis server"
    # TODO 管理客户端与Redis服务器之间的TCP通信
    description_format = "Connection<host=%(host)s,port=%(port)s,db=%(db)s>"

    def __init__(self,
                 host='localhost',
                 port=6379,
                 db=0,
                 password=None,
                 socket_timeout=None,
                 socket_connect_timeout=None,
                 socket_keepalive=False,
                 socket_keepalive_options=None,
                 socket_type=0,
                 retry_on_timeout=False,
                 encoding='utf-8',
                 encoding_errors='strict',
                 decode_responses=False,
                 parser_class=DefaultParser,
                 socket_read_size=65536):  # TODO 默认读取的报文长度为65536!!!
        self.pid = os.getpid()
        self.host = host
        self.port = int(port)
        self.db = db
        self.password = password
        self.socket_timeout = socket_timeout
        self.socket_connect_timeout = socket_connect_timeout or socket_timeout
        self.socket_keepalive = socket_keepalive
        self.socket_keepalive_options = socket_keepalive_options or {}
        self.socket_type = socket_type
        self.retry_on_timeout = retry_on_timeout
        self.encoder = Encoder(encoding, encoding_errors, decode_responses)
        self._sock = None
        self._parser = parser_class(
            socket_read_size=socket_read_size)  # TODO 初始化回复的解析class
        self._description_args = {
            'host': self.host,
            'port': self.port,
            'db': self.db,
        }
        self._connect_callbacks = []
        self._buffer_cutoff = 6000  # TODO 发送给Redis Server端的单个数据包的最大长度

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.description_format % self._description_args

    def __del__(self):
        try:
            self.disconnect()
        except Exception:
            pass

    def register_connect_callback(self, callback):
        self._connect_callbacks.append(callback)

    def clear_connect_callbacks(self):
        self._connect_callbacks = []

    def connect(self):
        # TODO 该方法中存在多个try-except块,区别处理不同的异常!!!
        "Connects to the Redis server if not already connected"
        if self._sock:  # TODO 判断是否已经连接上Redis Server
            return
        try:
            sock = self._connect()  # TODO 建立1条和Redis Server的TCP链接
        except socket.timeout:
            raise TimeoutError("Timeout connecting to server")
        except socket.error:
            e = sys.exc_info()[1]
            raise ConnectionError(self._error_message(e))

        self._sock = sock  # TODO 将链接对象赋给对象属性_sock
        self._selector = DefaultSelector(sock)  # TODO 异步IO的选择器???
        try:
            self.on_connect()  # TODO 校验密码,select DB后链接上Redis Server DB
        except RedisError:
            # clean up after any error in on_connect
            self.disconnect()
            raise

        # run any user callbacks. right now the only internal callback
        # is for pubsub channel/pattern resubscription
        for callback in self._connect_callbacks:
            callback(self)

    def _connect(self):
        "Create a TCP socket connection"
        # TODO 创建一个与Redis Server的TCP socket链接
        # we want to mimic what socket.create_connection does to support
        # ipv4/ipv6, but we want to set options prior to calling
        # socket.connect()
        # TODO 使用socket库创建链接
        err = None
        for res in socket.getaddrinfo(self.host, self.port, self.socket_type,
                                      socket.SOCK_STREAM):
            family, socktype, proto, canonname, socket_address = res
            sock = None
            try:
                sock = socket.socket(family, socktype, proto)
                # TCP_NODELAY
                sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)

                # TCP_KEEPALIVE
                if self.socket_keepalive:
                    sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_KEEPALIVE, 1)
                    for k, v in iteritems(self.socket_keepalive_options):
                        sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, k, v)
                # TODO * In blocking mode, operations block until complete or the system returns an error (such as connection timed out).
                # TODO * In non-blocking mode, operations fail (with an error that is unfortunately system-dependent) if they cannot be completed immediately: functions from the select can be used to know when and whether a socket is available for reading or writing.
                # TODO * In timeout mode, operations fail if they cannot be completed within the timeout specified for the socket (they raise a timeout exception) or if the system returns an error.
                # 在阻塞模式下,操作阻塞到完成或者系统返回一个错误(例如链接超时)
                # 在非阻塞模式,如果操作不能立即完成,则会返回失败(抛出依赖于操作系统的错误)。select中的函数可用于了解套接字何时以及是否可用于读取或写入。
                # 在超时模式下,如果在指定的时间内操作(特别对于socket而言)未完成或系统返回了错误,则会认为失败。

                # set the socket_connect_timeout before we connect
                sock.settimeout(self.socket_connect_timeout)

                # TODO Set a timeout on blocking socket operations.
                # 为阻塞中的socket操作设置超时时长
                #  The value argument can be a nonnegative floating point number expressing seconds, or None.
                #  If a non-zero value is given, subsequent socket operations will raise a timeout exception if the timeout period value has elapsed before the operation has completed.
                #  If zero is given, the socket is put in non-blocking mode. If None is given, the socket is put in blocking mode.
                # TODO 参数值可以为非负浮点数表示的秒或者None。如果是非0值,前面的操作时长已经达到超时值后,后面请求的操作将抛出timeout异常。
                #    如果超时时长设置为0,socket将变为非阻塞模式。如果设置为None,socket就时阻塞模式。
                # connect
                sock.connect(socket_address)

                # set the socket_timeout now that we're connected
                sock.settimeout(self.socket_timeout)
                return sock

            except socket.error as _:
                err = _
                if sock is not None:
                    sock.close()

        if err is not None:
            raise err
        raise socket.error("socket.getaddrinfo returned an empty list")

    def _error_message(self, exception):
        # args for socket.error can either be (errno, "message")
        # or just "message"
        if len(exception.args) == 1:
            return "Error connecting to %s:%s. %s." % \
                   (self.host, self.port, exception.args[0])
        else:
            return "Error %s connecting to %s:%s. %s." % \
                   (exception.args[0], self.host, self.port, exception.args[1])

    def on_connect(self):
        "Initialize the connection, authenticate and select a database"
        # TODO 初始化链接:鉴权和选择一个DB

        self._parser.on_connect(self)  # TODO 创建response的解析类对象

        # if a password is specified, authenticate
        if self.password:
            self.send_command('AUTH', self.password)
            if nativestr(self.read_response()) != 'OK':
                raise AuthenticationError('Invalid Password')

        # if a database is specified, switch to it
        if self.db:
            self.send_command('SELECT', self.db)
            if nativestr(self.read_response()) != 'OK':
                raise ConnectionError('Invalid Database')

    def disconnect(self):
        "Disconnects from the Redis server"
        self._parser.on_disconnect()
        if self._sock is None:
            return
        try:
            if os.getpid() == self.pid:
                self._sock.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR)
            self._sock.close()
        except socket.error:
            pass
        self._sock = None

    def send_packed_command(self, command):
        "Send an already packed command to the Redis server"
        # TODO 将封装好的数据包发送到Redis Server,如果发送出现错误,将会断开本条链路!!!
        if not self._sock:
            self.connect()
        try:
            if isinstance(command, str):
                command = [command]
            for item in command:  # TODO 逐个发送
                self._sock.sendall(item)
        except socket.timeout:
            self.disconnect()
            raise TimeoutError("Timeout writing to socket")
        except socket.error:
            e = sys.exc_info()[1]
            self.disconnect()
            if len(e.args) == 1:
                errno, errmsg = 'UNKNOWN', e.args[0]
            else:
                errno = e.args[0]
                errmsg = e.args[1]
            raise ConnectionError("Error %s while writing to socket. %s." %
                                  (errno, errmsg))
        except:  # noqa: E722
            self.disconnect()
            raise

    def send_command(self, *args):
        "Pack and send a command to the Redis server"
        # TODO 先封包命令和参数,再发送封装好的数据包
        self.send_packed_command(self.pack_command(*args))

    def can_read(self, timeout=0):
        "Poll the socket to see if there's data that can be read."
        sock = self._sock
        if not sock:
            self.connect()
            sock = self._sock
        return self._parser.can_read() or self._selector.can_read(timeout)

    def is_ready_for_command(self):
        "Check if the connection is ready for a command"
        return self._selector.is_ready_for_command()

    def read_response(self):
        "Read the response from a previously sent command"
        try:
            response = self._parser.read_response()
        except:  # noqa: E722
            self.disconnect()
            raise
        if isinstance(response, ResponseError):
            raise response
        return response

    def pack_command(self, *args):
        "Pack a series of arguments into the Redis protocol"
        # TODO 将入参包装成为Redis协议数据放到output中返回
        output = []
        # the client might have included 1 or more literal arguments in
        # the command name, e.g., 'CONFIG GET'. The Redis server expects these
        # arguments to be sent separately, so split the first argument
        # manually. All of these arguements get wrapped in the Token class
        # to prevent them from being encoded.
        command = args[0]
        if ' ' in command:
            args = tuple(Token.get_token(s)
                         for s in command.split()) + args[1:]
        else:
            args = (Token.get_token(command), ) + args[1:]

        buff = SYM_EMPTY.join((SYM_STAR, str(len(args)).encode(),
                               SYM_CRLF))  # TODO bytes类型表示的args的长度

        buffer_cutoff = self._buffer_cutoff  # TODO 获取单个数据包的最大长度
        for arg in imap(self.encoder.encode, args):
            # to avoid large string mallocs, chunk the command into the
            # output list if we're sending large values
            if len(buff) > buffer_cutoff or len(arg) > buffer_cutoff:
                buff = SYM_EMPTY.join(
                    (buff, SYM_DOLLAR, str(len(arg)).encode(), SYM_CRLF))
                output.append(buff)  # TODO 数据过长,分成2个部分
                output.append(arg)
                buff = SYM_CRLF
            else:
                buff = SYM_EMPTY.join(
                    (buff, SYM_DOLLAR, str(len(arg)).encode(), SYM_CRLF, arg,
                     SYM_CRLF))
        output.append(buff)
        return output

    def pack_commands(self, commands):
        "Pack multiple commands into the Redis protocol"
        output = []
        pieces = []
        buffer_length = 0
        buffer_cutoff = self._buffer_cutoff

        for cmd in commands:
            for chunk in self.pack_command(*cmd):
                chunklen = len(chunk)
                if buffer_length > buffer_cutoff or chunklen > buffer_cutoff:
                    output.append(SYM_EMPTY.join(pieces))
                    buffer_length = 0
                    pieces = []

                if chunklen > self._buffer_cutoff:
                    output.append(chunk)
                else:
                    pieces.append(chunk)
                    buffer_length += chunklen

        if pieces:
            output.append(SYM_EMPTY.join(pieces))
        return output