def get_skipped_urls(conn):
"""
Get every query/result pair where the result was skipped
This is done by unnesting everything so we have (session, result, query) tuples,
and then excluding any clicked tuples from the passed over tuples.
It probably makes sense(?)
"""
passed_over = select([
search_table.c.id,
func.unnest(search_table.c.passed_over_urls).label('result'),
query_table.c.search_term_lowercase,
]).select_from(search_table.join(query_table)).where(
query_table.c.high_volume == True)
clicked = clicked_urls_query()
stmt = except_(passed_over, clicked)
return pd.read_sql(stmt, conn, index_col='id')
def test_executing(self):
# re-create a new INSERT object
self.ins = self.users.insert()
# execute the insert statement
res = self.conn.execute(self.ins, uid=1, name='jack', fullname='Jack Jones')
assert(res.inserted_primary_key == [1])
res = self.conn.execute(self.ins, uid=2, name='wendy', fullname='Wendy Williams')
assert(res.inserted_primary_key == [2])
# the res variable is a ResultProxy object, analagous to DBAPI cursor
# issue many inserts, the same is possible for update and delete
self.conn.execute(self.addresses.insert(), [
{'id': 1, 'user_id': 1, 'email_address': '*****@*****.**'},
{'id': 2, 'user_id': 1, 'email_address': '*****@*****.**'},
{'id': 3, 'user_id': 2, 'email_address': '*****@*****.**'},
{'id': 4, 'user_id': 2, 'email_address': '*****@*****.**'}
])
# test selects on the inserted values
from sqlalchemy.sql import select
s = select([self.users])
res = self.conn.execute(s)
u1 = res.fetchone()
u2 = res.fetchone()
# accessing rows
assert(u1['name'] == u'jack')
assert(u1['fullname'] == u'Jack Jones')
assert(u2['name'] == u'wendy')
assert(u2['fullname'] == u'Wendy Williams')
assert(u1[1] == u1['name'])
assert(u1[2] == u1['fullname'])
assert(u2[1] == u2['name'])
assert(u2[2] == u2['fullname'])
# be sure to close the result set
res.close()
# use cols to access rows
res = self.conn.execute(s)
u3 = res.fetchone()
u4 = res.fetchone()
assert(u3[self.users.c.name] == u1['name'])
assert(u3[self.users.c.fullname] == u1['fullname'])
assert(u4[self.users.c.name] == u2['name'])
assert(u4[self.users.c.fullname] == u2['fullname'])
# reference individual columns in select clause
s = select([self.users.c.name, self.users.c.fullname])
res = self.conn.execute(s)
u3 = res.fetchone()
u4 = res.fetchone()
assert(u3[self.users.c.name] == u1['name'])
assert(u3[self.users.c.fullname] == u1['fullname'])
assert(u4[self.users.c.name] == u2['name'])
assert(u4[self.users.c.fullname] == u2['fullname'])
# test joins
# cartesian product
usrs = [row for row in self.conn.execute(select([self.users]))]
addrs = [row for row in self.conn.execute(select([self.addresses]))]
prod = [row for row in self.conn.execute(select([self.users, self.addresses]))]
assert(len(prod) == len(usrs) * len(addrs))
# inner join on id
s = select([self.users, self.addresses]).where(self.users.c.uid == self.addresses.c.user_id)
inner = [row for row in self.conn.execute(s)]
assert(len(inner) == 4)
# operators between columns objects & other col objects/literals
expr = self.users.c.uid == self.addresses.c.user_id
assert('my_users.uid = addresses.user_id' == str(expr))
# see how Teradata concats two strings
assert(str((self.users.c.name + self.users.c.fullname).compile(bind=self.engine)) ==
'my_users.name || my_users.fullname')
# built-in conjunctions
from sqlalchemy.sql import and_, or_
s = select([(self.users.c.fullname +
", " +
self.addresses.c.email_address).label('titles')]).where(
and_(
self.users.c.uid == self.addresses.c.user_id,
self.users.c.name.between('m', 'z'),
or_(
self.addresses.c.email_address.like('*****@*****.**'),
self.addresses.c.email_address.like('*****@*****.**')
)
)
)
# print(s)
res = self.conn.execute(s)
for row in res:
assert(str(row[0]) == u'Wendy Williams, [email protected]')
# more joins
# ON condition auto generated based on ForeignKey
assert(str(self.users.join(self.addresses)) ==
'my_users JOIN addresses ON my_users.uid = addresses.user_id')
# specify the join ON condition
self.users.join(self.addresses,
self.addresses.c.email_address.like(self.users.c.name + '%'))
# select from clause to specify tables and the ON condition
s = select([self.users.c.fullname]).select_from(
self.users.join(self.addresses, self.addresses.c.email_address.like(self.users.c.name + '%')))
res = self.conn.execute(s)
assert(len(res.fetchall()) == 3)
# left outer joins
s = select([self.users.c.fullname]).select_from(self.users.outerjoin(self.addresses))
# outer join works with teradata dialect (unlike oracle dialect < version9)
assert(str(s) == str(s.compile(dialect=self.dialect)))
# test bind params (positional)
from sqlalchemy import text
s = self.users.select(self.users.c.name.like(
bindparam('username', type_=String)+text("'%'")))
res = self.conn.execute(s, username='******').fetchall()
assert(len(res), 1)
# functions
from sqlalchemy.sql import func, column
# certain function names are known by sqlalchemy
assert(str(func.current_timestamp()), 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP')
# functions can be used in the select
res = self.conn.execute(select(
[func.max(self.addresses.c.email_address, type_=String).label(
'max_email')])).scalar()
assert(res, '*****@*****.**')
# func result sets, define a function taking params x,y return q,z,r
# useful for nested queries, subqueries - w/ dynamic params
calculate = select([column('q'), column('z'), column('r')]).\
select_from(
func.calculate(
bindparam('x'),
bindparam('y')
)
)
calc = calculate.alias()
s = select([self.users]).where(self.users.c.uid > calc.c.z)
assert('SELECT my_users.uid, my_users.name, my_users.fullname\
FROM my_users, (SELECT q, z, r\
FROM calculate(:x, :y)) AS anon_1\
WHERE my_users.uid > anon_1.z', s)
# instantiate the func
calc1 = calculate.alias('c1').unique_params(x=17, y=45)
calc2 = calculate.alias('c2').unique_params(x=5, y=12)
s = select([self.users]).where(self.users.c.uid.between(calc1.c.z, calc2.c.z))
parms = s.compile().params
assert('x_2' in parms, 'x_1' in parms)
assert('y_2' in parms, 'y_1' in parms)
assert(parms['x_1'] == 17, parms['y_1'] == 45)
assert(parms['x_2'] == 5, parms['y_2'] == 12)
# order by asc
stmt = select([self.users.c.name]).order_by(self.users.c.name)
res = self.conn.execute(stmt).fetchall()
assert('jack' == res[0][0])
assert('wendy' == res[1][0])
# order by desc
stmt = select([self.users.c.name]).order_by(self.users.c.name.desc())
res = self.conn.execute(stmt).fetchall()
assert('wendy' == res[0][0])
assert('jack' == res[1][0])
# group by
stmt = select([self.users.c.name, func.count(self.addresses.c.id)]).\
select_from(self.users.join(self.addresses)).\
group_by(self.users.c.name)
res = self.conn.execute(stmt).fetchall()
assert(res[1][0] == 'jack')
assert(res[0][0] == 'wendy')
assert(res[0][1] == res[1][1])
# group by having
stmt = select([self.users.c.name, func.count(self.addresses.c.id)]).\
select_from(self.users.join(self.addresses)).\
group_by(self.users.c.name).\
having(func.length(self.users.c.name) > 4)
res = self.conn.execute(stmt).fetchall()
assert(res[0] == ('wendy', 2))
# distinct
stmt = select([self.users.c.name]).\
where(self.addresses.c.email_address.contains(self.users.c.name)).distinct()
res = self.conn.execute(stmt).fetchall()
assert(len(res) == 2)
assert(res[0][0] != res[1][0])
# limit
stmt = select([self.users.c.name, self.addresses.c.email_address]).\
select_from(self.users.join(self.addresses)).\
limit(1)
res = self.conn.execute(stmt).fetchall()
assert(len(res) == 1)
# offset
# test union and except
from sqlalchemy.sql import except_, union
u = union(
self.addresses.select().where(self.addresses.c.email_address == '*****@*****.**'),
self.addresses.select().where(self.addresses.c.email_address.like('*****@*****.**')),)# .order_by(self.addresses.c.email_address)
# print(u)
# #res = self.conn.execute(u) this fails, syntax error order by expects pos integer?
u = except_(
self.addresses.select().where(self.addresses.c.email_address.like('%@%.com')),
self.addresses.select().where(self.addresses.c.email_address.like('*****@*****.**')))
res = self.conn.execute(u).fetchall()
assert(1, len(res))
u = except_(
union(
self.addresses.select().where(self.addresses.c.email_address.like('*****@*****.**')),
self.addresses.select().where(self.addresses.c.email_address.like('*****@*****.**'))
).alias().select(), self.addresses.select(self.addresses.c.email_address.like('*****@*****.**'))
)
res = self.conn.execute(u).fetchall()
assert(1, len(res))
# scalar subqueries
stmt = select([func.count(self.addresses.c.id)]).where(self.users.c.uid == self.addresses.c.user_id).as_scalar()
# we can place stmt as any other column within another select
res = self.conn.execute(select([self.users.c.name, stmt])).fetchall()
# res is a list of tuples, one tuple per user's name
assert(2, len(res))
u1 = res[0]
u2 = res[1]
assert(len(u1) == len(u2))
assert(u1[0] == u'jack')
assert(u1[1] == u2[1])
assert(u2[0] == u'wendy')
# we can label the inner query
stmt = select([func.count(self.addresses.c.id)]).\
where(self.users.c.uid == self.addresses.c.user_id).\
label("address_count")
res = self.conn.execute(select([self.users.c.name, stmt])).fetchall()
assert(2, len(res))
u1 = res[0]
u2 = res[1]
assert(len(u1) == 2)
assert(len(u2) == 2)
# inserts, updates, deletes
stmt = self.users.update().values(fullname="Fullname: " + self.users.c.name)
res = self.conn.execute(stmt)
assert('name_1' in res.last_updated_params())
assert(res.last_updated_params()['name_1'] == 'Fullname: ')
stmt = self.users.insert().values(name=bindparam('_name') + " .. name")
res = self.conn.execute(stmt, [{'uid': 4, '_name': 'name1'}, {'uid': 5, '_name': 'name2'}, {'uid': 6, '_name': 'name3'}, ])
# updates
stmt = self.users.update().where(self.users.c.name == 'jack').values(name='ed')
res = self.conn.execute(stmt)
assert(res.rowcount == 1)
assert(res.returns_rows is False)
# update many with bound params
stmt = self.users.update().where(self.users.c.name == bindparam('oldname')).\
values(name=bindparam('newname'))
res = self.conn.execute(stmt, [
{'oldname': 'jack', 'newname': 'ed'},
{'oldname': 'wendy', 'newname': 'mary'},
])
assert(res.returns_rows is False)
assert(res.rowcount == 1)
res = self.conn.execute(select([self.users]).where(self.users.c.name == 'ed'))
r = res.fetchone()
assert(r['name'] == 'ed')
# correlated updates
stmt = select([self.addresses.c.email_address]).\
where(self.addresses.c.user_id == self.users.c.uid).\
limit(1)
# this fails, syntax error bc of LIMIT - need TOP/SAMPLE instead
# Note: TOP can't be in a subquery
# res = self.conn.execute(self.users.update().values(fullname=stmt))
# multiple table updates
stmt = self.users.update().\
values(name='ed wood').\
where(self.users.c.uid == self.addresses.c.id).\
where(self.addresses.c.email_address.startswith('ed%'))
# this fails, teradata does update from set where not update set from where
# #res = self.conn.execute(stmt)
stmt = self.users.update().\
values({
self.users.c.name: 'ed wood',
self.addresses.c.email_address: '*****@*****.**'
}).\
where(self.users.c.uid == self.addresses.c.id).\
where(self.addresses.c.email_address.startswith('ed%'))
# fails but works on MySQL, should this work for us?
# #res = self.conn.execute(stmt)
# deletes
self.conn.execute(self.addresses.delete())
self.conn.execute(self.users.delete().where(self.users.c.name > 'm'))
# matched row counts
# updates + deletes have a number indicating # rows matched by WHERE clause
res = self.conn.execute(self.users.delete())
assert(res.rowcount == 1)
def test_executing(self):
# re-create a new INSERT object
self.ins = self.users.insert()
# execute the insert statement
res = self.conn.execute(self.ins, uid=1, name='jack', fullname='Jack Jones')
assert(res.inserted_primary_key == [1])
res = self.conn.execute(self.ins, uid=2, name='wendy', fullname='Wendy Williams')
assert(res.inserted_primary_key == [2])
# the res variable is a ResultProxy object, analagous to DBAPI cursor
# issue many inserts, the same is possible for update and delete
self.conn.execute(self.addresses.insert(), [
{'id': 1, 'user_id': 1, 'email_address': '*****@*****.**'},
{'id': 2, 'user_id': 1, 'email_address': '*****@*****.**'},
{'id': 3, 'user_id': 2, 'email_address': '*****@*****.**'},
{'id': 4, 'user_id': 2, 'email_address': '*****@*****.**'}
])
# test selects on the inserted values
from sqlalchemy.sql import select
s = select([self.users])
res = self.conn.execute(s)
u1 = res.fetchone()
u2 = res.fetchone()
# accessing rows
assert(u1['name'] == u'jack')
assert(u1['fullname'] == u'Jack Jones')
assert(u2['name'] == u'wendy')
assert(u2['fullname'] == u'Wendy Williams')
assert(u1[1] == u1['name'])
assert(u1[2] == u1['fullname'])
assert(u2[1] == u2['name'])
assert(u2[2] == u2['fullname'])
# be sure to close the result set
res.close()
# use cols to access rows
res = self.conn.execute(s)
u3 = res.fetchone()
u4 = res.fetchone()
assert(u3[self.users.c.name] == u1['name'])
assert(u3[self.users.c.fullname] == u1['fullname'])
assert(u4[self.users.c.name] == u2['name'])
assert(u4[self.users.c.fullname] == u2['fullname'])
# reference individual columns in select clause
s = select([self.users.c.name, self.users.c.fullname])
res = self.conn.execute(s)
u3 = res.fetchone()
u4 = res.fetchone()
assert(u3[self.users.c.name] == u1['name'])
assert(u3[self.users.c.fullname] == u1['fullname'])
assert(u4[self.users.c.name] == u2['name'])
assert(u4[self.users.c.fullname] == u2['fullname'])
# test joins
# cartesian product
usrs = [row for row in self.conn.execute(select([self.users]))]
addrs = [row for row in self.conn.execute(select([self.addresses]))]
prod = [row for row in self.conn.execute(select([self.users, self.addresses]))]
assert(len(prod) == len(usrs) * len(addrs))
# inner join on id
s = select([self.users, self.addresses]).where(self.users.c.uid == self.addresses.c.user_id)
inner = [row for row in self.conn.execute(s)]
assert(len(inner) == 4)
# operators between columns objects & other col objects/literals
expr = self.users.c.uid == self.addresses.c.user_id
assert('my_users.uid = addresses.user_id' == str(expr))
# see how Teradata concats two strings
assert(str((self.users.c.name + self.users.c.fullname).compile(bind=self.engine)) ==
'my_users.name || my_users.fullname')
# built-in conjunctions
from sqlalchemy.sql import and_, or_
s = select([(self.users.c.fullname +
", " +
self.addresses.c.email_address).label('titles')]).where(
and_(
self.users.c.uid == self.addresses.c.user_id,
self.users.c.name.between('m', 'z'),
or_(
self.addresses.c.email_address.like('*****@*****.**'),
self.addresses.c.email_address.like('*****@*****.**')
)
)
)
# print(s)
res = self.conn.execute(s)
for row in res:
assert(str(row[0]) == u'Wendy Williams, [email protected]')
# more joins
# ON condition auto generated based on ForeignKey
assert(str(self.users.join(self.addresses)) ==
'my_users JOIN addresses ON my_users.uid = addresses.user_id')
# specify the join ON condition
self.users.join(self.addresses,
self.addresses.c.email_address.like(self.users.c.name + '%'))
# select from clause to specify tables and the ON condition
s = select([self.users.c.fullname]).select_from(
self.users.join(self.addresses, self.addresses.c.email_address.like(self.users.c.name + '%')))
res = self.conn.execute(s)
assert(len(res.fetchall()) == 3)
# left outer joins
s = select([self.users.c.fullname]).select_from(self.users.outerjoin(self.addresses))
# outer join works with teradata dialect (unlike oracle dialect < version9)
assert(str(s) == str(s.compile(dialect=self.dialect)))
# test bind params (positional)
from sqlalchemy import text
s = self.users.select(self.users.c.name.like(
bindparam('username', type_=String)+text("'%'")))
res = self.conn.execute(s, username='******').fetchall()
assert(len(res), 1)
# functions
from sqlalchemy.sql import func, column
# certain function names are known by sqlalchemy
assert(str(func.current_timestamp()), 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP')
# functions can be used in the select
res = self.conn.execute(select(
[func.max(self.addresses.c.email_address, type_=String).label(
'max_email')])).scalar()
assert(res, '*****@*****.**')
# func result sets, define a function taking params x,y return q,z,r
# useful for nested queries, subqueries - w/ dynamic params
calculate = select([column('q'), column('z'), column('r')]).\
select_from(
func.calculate(
bindparam('x'),
bindparam('y')
)
)
calc = calculate.alias()
s = select([self.users]).where(self.users.c.uid > calc.c.z)
assert('SELECT my_users.uid, my_users.name, my_users.fullname\
FROM my_users, (SELECT q, z, r\
FROM calculate(:x, :y)) AS anon_1\
WHERE my_users.uid > anon_1.z', s)
# instantiate the func
calc1 = calculate.alias('c1').unique_params(x=17, y=45)
calc2 = calculate.alias('c2').unique_params(x=5, y=12)
s = select([self.users]).where(self.users.c.uid.between(calc1.c.z, calc2.c.z))
parms = s.compile().params
assert('x_2' in parms, 'x_1' in parms)
assert('y_2' in parms, 'y_1' in parms)
assert(parms['x_1'] == 17, parms['y_1'] == 45)
assert(parms['x_2'] == 5, parms['y_2'] == 12)
# order by asc
stmt = select([self.users.c.name]).order_by(self.users.c.name)
res = self.conn.execute(stmt).fetchall()
assert('jack' == res[0][0])
assert('wendy' == res[1][0])
# order by desc
stmt = select([self.users.c.name]).order_by(self.users.c.name.desc())
res = self.conn.execute(stmt).fetchall()
assert('wendy' == res[0][0])
assert('jack' == res[1][0])
# group by
stmt = select([self.users.c.name, func.count(self.addresses.c.id)]).\
select_from(self.users.join(self.addresses)).\
group_by(self.users.c.name)
res = self.conn.execute(stmt).fetchall()
assert(res[0][0] == 'jack')
assert(res[1][0] == 'wendy')
assert(res[0][1] == res[1][1])
# group by having
stmt = select([self.users.c.name, func.count(self.addresses.c.id)]).\
select_from(self.users.join(self.addresses)).\
group_by(self.users.c.name).\
having(func.length(self.users.c.name) > 4)
res = self.conn.execute(stmt).fetchall()
assert(res[0] == ('wendy', 2))
# distinct
stmt = select([self.users.c.name]).\
where(self.addresses.c.email_address.contains(self.users.c.name)).distinct()
res = self.conn.execute(stmt).fetchall()
assert(len(res) == 2)
assert(res[0][0] != res[1][0])
# limit
stmt = select([self.users.c.name, self.addresses.c.email_address]).\
select_from(self.users.join(self.addresses)).\
limit(1)
res = self.conn.execute(stmt).fetchall()
assert(len(res) == 1)
# offset
# test union and except
from sqlalchemy.sql import except_, union
u = union(
self.addresses.select().where(self.addresses.c.email_address == '*****@*****.**'),
self.addresses.select().where(self.addresses.c.email_address.like('*****@*****.**')),)# .order_by(self.addresses.c.email_address)
# print(u)
# #res = self.conn.execute(u) this fails, syntax error order by expects pos integer?
u = except_(
self.addresses.select().where(self.addresses.c.email_address.like('%@%.com')),
self.addresses.select().where(self.addresses.c.email_address.like('*****@*****.**')))
res = self.conn.execute(u).fetchall()
assert(1, len(res))
u = except_(
union(
self.addresses.select().where(self.addresses.c.email_address.like('*****@*****.**')),
self.addresses.select().where(self.addresses.c.email_address.like('*****@*****.**'))
).alias().select(), self.addresses.select(self.addresses.c.email_address.like('*****@*****.**'))
)
res = self.conn.execute(u).fetchall()
assert(1, len(res))
# scalar subqueries
stmt = select([func.count(self.addresses.c.id)]).where(self.users.c.uid == self.addresses.c.user_id).as_scalar()
# we can place stmt as any other column within another select
res = self.conn.execute(select([self.users.c.name, stmt])).fetchall()
# res is a list of tuples, one tuple per user's name
assert(2, len(res))
u1 = res[0]
u2 = res[1]
assert(len(u1) == len(u2))
assert(u1[0] == u'jack')
assert(u1[1] == u2[1])
assert(u2[0] == u'wendy')
# we can label the inner query
stmt = select([func.count(self.addresses.c.id)]).\
where(self.users.c.uid == self.addresses.c.user_id).\
label("address_count")
res = self.conn.execute(select([self.users.c.name, stmt])).fetchall()
assert(2, len(res))
u1 = res[0]
u2 = res[1]
assert(len(u1) == 2)
assert(len(u2) == 2)
# inserts, updates, deletes
stmt = self.users.update().values(fullname="Fullname: " + self.users.c.name)
res = self.conn.execute(stmt)
assert('name_1' in res.last_updated_params())
assert(res.last_updated_params()['name_1'] == 'Fullname: ')
stmt = self.users.insert().values(name=bindparam('_name') + " .. name")
res = self.conn.execute(stmt, [{'uid': 4, '_name': 'name1'}, {'uid': 5, '_name': 'name2'}, {'uid': 6, '_name': 'name3'}, ])
# updates
stmt = self.users.update().where(self.users.c.name == 'jack').values(name='ed')
res = self.conn.execute(stmt)
assert(res.rowcount == 1)
assert(res.returns_rows is False)
# update many with bound params
stmt = self.users.update().where(self.users.c.name == bindparam('oldname')).\
values(name=bindparam('newname'))
res = self.conn.execute(stmt, [
{'oldname': 'jack', 'newname': 'ed'},
{'oldname': 'wendy', 'newname': 'mary'},
])
assert(res.returns_rows is False)
assert(res.rowcount == 1)
res = self.conn.execute(select([self.users]).where(self.users.c.name == 'ed'))
r = res.fetchone()
assert(r['name'] == 'ed')
# correlated updates
stmt = select([self.addresses.c.email_address]).\
where(self.addresses.c.user_id == self.users.c.uid).\
limit(1)
# this fails, syntax error bc of LIMIT - need TOP/SAMPLE instead
# Note: TOP can't be in a subquery
# res = self.conn.execute(self.users.update().values(fullname=stmt))
# multiple table updates
stmt = self.users.update().\
values(name='ed wood').\
where(self.users.c.uid == self.addresses.c.id).\
where(self.addresses.c.email_address.startswith('ed%'))
# this fails, teradata does update from set where not update set from where
# #res = self.conn.execute(stmt)
stmt = self.users.update().\
values({
self.users.c.name: 'ed wood',
self.addresses.c.email_address: '*****@*****.**'
}).\
where(self.users.c.uid == self.addresses.c.id).\
where(self.addresses.c.email_address.startswith('ed%'))
# fails but works on MySQL, should this work for us?
# #res = self.conn.execute(stmt)
# deletes
self.conn.execute(self.addresses.delete())
self.conn.execute(self.users.delete().where(self.users.c.name > 'm'))
# matched row counts
# updates + deletes have a number indicating # rows matched by WHERE clause
res = self.conn.execute(self.users.delete())
assert(res.rowcount == 1)
# The max() function is implemented by following usage of func from SQLAlchemy which will result in 85, the total maximum marks obtained −
cn.execute(select([func.max(students.c.id)])).fetchall()
#find min value
cn.execute(select([func.min(students.c.id)])).fetchall()
# find Average
cn.execute(select([func.avg(students.c.id)])).fetchall()
# =========================SQLAlchemy Core - Using Set Operations==========================
'''union()''':
from sqlalchemy.sql import union,union_all,except_,intersect
u1 = union(addresses.select().where(addresses.c.email_add.like('*****@*****.**')), addresses.select().where(addresses.c.email_add.like('*****@*****.**')))
conn.execute(u1).fetchone()
ua = union_all(addresses.select().where(addresses.c.email_add.like('*****@*****.**')), addresses.select().where(addresses.c.email_add.like('*****@*****.**')))
conn.execute(ua).fetchall()
ue = except_(addresses.select().where(addresses.c.email_add.like('*****@*****.**')), addresses.select().where(addresses.c.postal_add.like('%Pune')))
result = conn.execute(ue)
ints = intersect(addresses.select().where(addresses.c.email_add.like('*****@*****.**')), addresses.select().where(addresses.c.postal_add.like('%Pune')))
result = conn.execute(ints)
#sum of febbonacy
a ,b = 0,1
max_value = 4000000
fib_value = []
sum_value = 0
for i in range(100000):
if b !=1 and sum(fib_value) < max_value :
c2 = c + (b + (a + b))
a,b = (b + (a + b)),c2
u = union(
select([addresses.c.id, addresses.c.user_id,
addresses.c.email_address.label('eaddr')]).where(
addresses.c.email_address == '*****@*****.**'),
select([addresses.c.id, addresses.c.user_id,
addresses.c.email_address]).where(
addresses.c.email_address.like('*****@*****.**'))).order_by('eaddr')
print u
for row in conn.execute(u):
print row
from sqlalchemy.sql import except_
# MySQL does not support EXCEPT.
if not re.match("mysql://", db):
u = except_(
addresses.select().where(addresses.c.email_address.like('%@%.com')),
addresses.select().where(addresses.c.email_address.like('*****@*****.**'))
)
print u
for row in conn.execute(u):
print row
### compound operations of except and union
u = except_(
union(
addresses.select().
where(addresses.c.email_address.like('*****@*****.**')),
addresses.select().
where(addresses.c.email_address.like('*****@*****.**'))
).alias().select(),
addresses.select(addresses.c.email_address.like('*****@*****.**'))
)
print u
