def test_measure_arg_postselect(self):
"""Test measurement with argument and postselection converts"""
# create a test program
prog = Program(1)
with prog.context as q:
ops.MeasureHomodyne(0.43, select=0.543) | q[0]
bb = io.to_blackbird(prog)
expected = {
"op": "MeasureHomodyne",
"modes": [0],
"args": [],
"kwargs": {
"phi": 0.43,
"select": 0.543
},
}
assert bb.operations[0] == expected
# repeat with kwargs only
prog = Program(1)
with prog.context as q:
ops.MeasureHomodyne(phi=0.43, select=0.543) | q[0]
bb = io.to_blackbird(prog)
assert bb.operations[0] == expected
def test_two_dimensional_cluster_denmark():
"""
Two-dimensional temporal-mode cluster state as demonstrated in https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.08709
"""
np.random.seed(42)
sq_r = 3
delay1 = 1 # number of timebins in the short delay line
delay2 = 12 # number of timebins in the long delay line
n = 200 # number of timebins
shots = 10
# first half of cluster state measured in X, second half in P
theta_A = [0] * int(n / 2) + [np.pi / 2] * int(
n / 2) # measurement angles for detector A
theta_B = theta_A # measurement angles for detector B
# 2D cluster
prog = tdmprogram.TDMProgram([1, delay2 + delay1 + 1])
with prog.context(theta_A, theta_B, shift="default") as (p, q):
ops.Sgate(sq_r, 0) | q[0]
ops.Sgate(sq_r, 0) | q[delay2 + delay1 + 1]
ops.Rgate(np.pi / 2) | q[delay2 + delay1 + 1]
ops.BSgate(np.pi / 4, np.pi) | (q[delay2 + delay1 + 1], q[0])
ops.BSgate(np.pi / 4, np.pi) | (q[delay2 + delay1], q[0])
ops.BSgate(np.pi / 4, np.pi) | (q[delay1], q[0])
ops.MeasureHomodyne(p[1]) | q[0]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(p[0]) | q[delay1]
eng = sf.Engine("gaussian")
result = eng.run(prog, shots=shots)
reshaped_samples = result.samples
for sh in range(shots):
X_A = reshaped_samples[sh][0][:n // 2] # X samples from detector A
P_A = reshaped_samples[sh][0][n // 2:] # P samples from detector A
X_B = reshaped_samples[sh][1][:n // 2] # X samples from detector B
P_B = reshaped_samples[sh][1][n // 2:] # P samples from detector B
# nullifiers defined in https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.08709.pdf, Eqs. (1) and (2)
N = delay2
ntot = len(X_A) - delay2 - 1
nX = np.array([
X_A[k] + X_B[k] - X_A[k + 1] - X_B[k + 1] - X_A[k + N] +
X_B[k + N] - X_A[k + N + 1] + X_B[k + N + 1] for k in range(ntot)
])
nP = np.array([
P_A[k] + P_B[k] + P_A[k + 1] + P_B[k + 1] - P_A[k + N] +
P_B[k + N] + P_A[k + N + 1] - P_B[k + N + 1] for k in range(ntot)
])
nXvar = np.var(nX)
nPvar = np.var(nP)
assert np.allclose(nXvar,
4 * sf.hbar * np.exp(-2 * sq_r),
rtol=5 / np.sqrt(ntot))
assert np.allclose(nPvar,
4 * sf.hbar * np.exp(-2 * sq_r),
rtol=5 / np.sqrt(ntot))
def test_one_dimensional_cluster_tokyo():
"""
One-dimensional temporal-mode cluster state as demonstrated in
https://aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.4962732
"""
np.random.seed(42)
sq_r = 5
n = 10 # for an n-mode cluster state
shots = 3
# first half of cluster state measured in X, second half in P
theta1 = [0] * int(n / 2) + [np.pi / 2] * int(
n / 2) # measurement angles for detector A
theta2 = theta1 # measurement angles for detector B
prog = tdmprogram.TDMProgram(N=[1, 2])
with prog.context(theta1, theta2, shift="default") as (p, q):
ops.Sgate(sq_r, 0) | q[0]
ops.Sgate(sq_r, 0) | q[2]
ops.Rgate(np.pi / 2) | q[0]
ops.BSgate(np.pi / 4) | (q[0], q[2])
ops.BSgate(np.pi / 4) | (q[0], q[1])
ops.MeasureHomodyne(p[0]) | q[0]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(p[1]) | q[1]
eng = sf.Engine("gaussian")
result = eng.run(prog, shots=shots)
reshaped_samples = result.samples
for sh in range(shots):
X_A = reshaped_samples[sh][0][:n // 2] # X samples from detector A
P_A = reshaped_samples[sh][0][n // 2:] # P samples from detector A
X_B = reshaped_samples[sh][1][:n // 2] # X samples from detector B
P_B = reshaped_samples[sh][1][n // 2:] # P samples from detector B
# nullifiers defined in https://aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.4962732, Eqs. (1a) and (1b)
ntot = len(X_A) - 1
nX = np.array(
[X_A[i] + X_B[i] + X_A[i + 1] - X_B[i + 1] for i in range(ntot)])
nP = np.array(
[P_A[i] + P_B[i] - P_A[i + 1] + P_B[i + 1] for i in range(ntot)])
nXvar = np.var(nX)
nPvar = np.var(nP)
assert np.allclose(nXvar,
2 * sf.hbar * np.exp(-2 * sq_r),
rtol=5 / np.sqrt(n))
assert np.allclose(nPvar,
2 * sf.hbar * np.exp(-2 * sq_r),
rtol=5 / np.sqrt(n))
def test_teleportation_fidelity(self, setup_eng):
"""Test teleportation algorithm gives correct fid when using operations"""
eng, prog = setup_eng(3)
with prog.context as q:
prepare_state(0.5 + 0.2j) | q[0]
entangle_states() | (q[1], q[2])
ops.BSgate(np.pi / 4, 0) | (q[0], q[1])
ops.MeasureHomodyne(0, select=0) | q[0]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(np.pi / 2, select=0) | q[1]
state = eng.run(prog).state
fidelity = state.fidelity_coherent([0, 0, 0.5 + 0.2j])
assert np.allclose(fidelity, 1, atol=0.1, rtol=0)
def test_delays_tdmprogram_with_several_spatial_modes(self):
"""Test that error is raised when calculating the delays of a TDM program with more than
one spatial mode"""
prog = TDMProgram(N=[1, 2])
with prog.context([0, np.pi / 2], [0, np.pi / 2]) as (p, q):
ops.Sgate(4) | q[0]
ops.Sgate(4) | q[2]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(p[0]) | q[0]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(p[1]) | q[1]
with pytest.raises(
NotImplementedError,
match="Calculating delays for programs with more than one spatial mode is not implemented.",
):
prog.get_delays()
def test_cropping_tdmprogram_with_several_spatial_modes(self):
"""Test that error is raised when cropping samples from a TDM program with more than
one spatial mode"""
prog = TDMProgram(N=[1, 2])
with prog.context([0, np.pi / 2], [0, np.pi / 2]) as (p, q):
ops.Sgate(4) | q[0]
ops.Sgate(4) | q[2]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(p[0]) | q[0]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(p[1]) | q[1]
with pytest.raises(
NotImplementedError,
match="Cropping vacuum modes for programs with more than one spatial mode is not implemented.",
):
prog.get_crop_value()
def test_unroll_shots(self):
"""Test unrolling program several times using different number of shots."""
n = 2
shots = 2
prog = sf.TDMProgram(N=2)
with prog.context([0] * n, [0] * n, [0] * n) as (p, q):
ops.Sgate(0.5643, 0) | q[1]
ops.BSgate(p[0]) | (q[1], q[0])
ops.Rgate(p[1]) | q[1]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(p[2]) | q[0]
prog_length = len(prog.circuit)
assert prog_length == 4
prog.unroll(shots=shots)
assert len(prog.circuit) == n * shots * prog_length
# unroll once more with the same number of shots to cover caching
prog.unroll(shots=shots)
assert len(prog.circuit) == n * shots * prog_length
# unroll once more with a different number of shots
shots = 3
prog.unroll(shots=shots)
assert len(prog.circuit) == n * shots * prog_length
prog.roll()
assert len(prog.circuit) == prog_length
def test_homodyne_measurement_vacuum_phi(self, setup_eng, tol):
"""Homodyne measurements leave the mode in the vacuum state"""
eng, prog = setup_eng(2)
with prog.context as q:
ops.Coherent(a, b) | q[0]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(c) | q[0]
eng.run(prog)
assert np.all(eng.backend.is_vacuum(tol))
def test_teleportation_fidelity(self, setup_eng, pure):
"""Test teleportation algorithm gives correct fid when using operations"""
eng, q = setup_eng(3)
tol = 0.1
cutoff = 10
eng.reset(pure=pure, cutoff_dim=cutoff) # overwrite default cutoff
with eng:
prepare_state(0.5 + 0.2j) | q[0]
entangle_states() | (q[1], q[2])
ops.BSgate(np.pi / 4, 0) | (q[0], q[1])
ops.MeasureHomodyne(0, select=0) | q[0]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(np.pi / 2, select=0) | q[1]
state = eng.run()
fidelity = state.fidelity_coherent([0, 0, 0.5 + 0.2j])
assert np.allclose(fidelity, 1, atol=0.1, rtol=0)
def test_shots_default(self):
"""Test that default shots (1) is used"""
prog = sf.TDMProgram(2)
eng = sf.Engine("gaussian")
with prog.context([1, 2], [3, 4]) as (p, q):
ops.Sgate(p[0]) | q[0]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(p[1]) | q[0]
results = eng.run(prog)
assert results.samples.shape[0] == 1
def test_measure_arg(self):
"""Test measurement with argument converts"""
# create a test program
sf_prog = Program(1)
with sf_prog.context as q:
ops.MeasureHomodyne(0.43) | q[0]
xir_prog = io.to_xir(sf_prog)
expected = [("MeasureHomodyne", {"phi": 0.43}, (0,))]
assert [(stmt.name, stmt.params, stmt.wires) for stmt in xir_prog.statements] == expected
def test_shots_run_options(self):
"""Test that run_options takes precedence over default"""
prog = sf.TDMProgram(2)
eng = sf.Engine("gaussian")
with prog.context([1, 2], [3, 4]) as (p, q):
ops.Sgate(p[0]) | q[0]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(p[1]) | q[0]
prog.run_options = {"shots": 5}
results = eng.run(prog)
assert results.samples.shape[0] == 5
def test_generate_code_tdm(self):
"""Test generating code for a TDM program with an engine"""
prog = sf.TDMProgram(N=[2, 3])
eng = sf.Engine("gaussian")
with prog.context([np.pi, 3 * np.pi / 2, 0], [1, 0.5, np.pi], [0, 0, 0]) as (p, q):
ops.Sgate(0.123, np.pi / 4) | q[2]
ops.BSgate(p[0]) | (q[1], q[2])
ops.Rgate(p[1]) | q[2]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(p[0]) | q[0]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(p[2]) | q[2]
results = eng.run(prog)
code = io.generate_code(prog, eng)
code_list = code.split("\n")
expected = prog_txt_tdm.split("\n")
for i, row in enumerate(code_list):
assert row == expected[i]
def test_measure_arg_postselect(self):
"""Test measurement with argument and postselection converts"""
# create a test program
sf_prog = Program(1)
with sf_prog.context as q:
ops.MeasureHomodyne(0.43, select=0.543) | q[0]
xir_prog = io.to_xir(sf_prog)
expected = [("MeasureHomodyne", {"phi": 0.43, "select": 0.543}, (0,))]
assert [(stmt.name, stmt.params, stmt.wires) for stmt in xir_prog.statements] == expected
# repeat with kwargs only
sf_prog = Program(1)
with sf_prog.context as q:
ops.MeasureHomodyne(phi=0.43, select=0.543) | q[0]
xir_prog = io.to_xir(sf_prog)
assert [(stmt.name, stmt.params, stmt.wires) for stmt in xir_prog.statements] == expected
def test_single_parameter_list_program():
"""Test that a TDMProgram with a single parameter list works."""
prog = sf.TDMProgram(2)
eng = sf.Engine("gaussian")
with prog.context([1, 2]) as (p, q):
ops.Sgate(p[0]) | q[0]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(p[0]) | q[0]
eng.run(prog)
assert isinstance(prog.loop_vars, Iterable)
assert prog.parameters == {'p0': [1, 2]}
def compile_test_program(device, args=(-1, 1, 2, 3)):
"""Compiles a test program with the given gate arguments."""
alpha = [args[1]]
beta = [args[2]]
gamma = [args[3]]
prog = tdmprogram.TDMProgram(N=2)
with prog.context(alpha, beta, gamma) as (p, q):
ops.Sgate(args[0]) | q[
1] # Note that the Sgate has a second parameter that is non-zero
ops.Rgate(p[0]) | q[0]
ops.BSgate(p[1]) | (q[0], q[1])
ops.MeasureHomodyne(p[2]) | q[0]
prog.compile(device=device, compiler=device.compiler)
def test_shots_passed(self):
"""Test that shots supplied via eng.run takes precedence over
run_options and that run_options isn't changed"""
prog = sf.TDMProgram(2)
eng = sf.Engine("gaussian")
with prog.context([1, 2], [3, 4]) as (p, q):
ops.Sgate(p[0]) | q[0]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(p[1]) | q[0]
prog.run_options = {"shots": 5}
results = eng.run(prog, shots=2)
assert results.samples.shape[0] == 2
assert prog.run_options["shots"] == 5
def test_homodyne(self, setup_eng, tol):
"""Test that homodyne detection on a TMS state
returns post-selected value."""
x = 0.2
r = 5
eng, prog = setup_eng(2)
with prog.context as q:
ops.S2gate(r) | q
ops.MeasureHomodyne(0, select=x) | q[0]
eng.run(prog)
assert np.allclose(q[0].val, x, atol=tol, rtol=0)
def test_tdm_program(self):
prog = TDMProgram(2)
with prog.context([1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]) as (p, q):
ops.Sgate(0.7, 0) | q[1]
ops.BSgate(p[0]) | (q[0], q[1])
ops.Rgate(p[1]) | q[1]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(p[2]) | q[0]
bb = io.to_blackbird(prog)
assert bb.operations[0] == {
'kwargs': {},
'args': [0.7, 0],
'op': 'Sgate',
'modes': [1]
}
assert bb.operations[1] == {
'kwargs': {},
'args': ['p0', 0.0],
'op': 'BSgate',
'modes': [0, 1]
}
assert bb.operations[2] == {
'kwargs': {},
'args': ['p1'],
'op': 'Rgate',
'modes': [1]
}
assert bb.operations[3] == {
'kwargs': {
'phi': 'p2'
},
'args': [],
'op': 'MeasureHomodyne',
'modes': [0]
}
assert bb.programtype == {
'name': 'tdm',
'options': {
'temporal_modes': 2
}
}
assert list(bb._var.keys()) == ["p0", "p1", "p2"]
assert np.all(bb._var["p0"] == np.array([[1, 2]]))
assert np.all(bb._var["p1"] == np.array([[3, 4]]))
assert np.all(bb._var["p2"] == np.array([[5, 6]]))
assert bb.modes == [0, 1]
def prog():
prog = Program(4, name="test_program")
with prog.context as q:
# state preparation
ops.Vac | q[1]
ops.Squeezed(0.12) | q[2]
# one mode gates
ops.Sgate(1) | q[0]
ops.Dgate(np.abs(0.54 + 0.5j), np.angle(0.54 + 0.5j)) | q[1]
# two mode gates
ops.S2gate(0.543, -0.12) | (q[0], q[3])
# decomposition
ops.Interferometer(U) | q
# measurement
ops.MeasureX | q[0]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(0.43, select=0.32) | q[2]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(phi=0.43, select=0.32) | q[2]
return prog
def test_passing_list_of_tdmprograms(self):
"""Test that error is raised when passing a list containing TDM programs"""
prog = tdmprogram.TDMProgram(N=2)
with prog.context([1, 1], [1, 1], [1, 1]) as (p, q):
ops.Sgate(0, 0) | q[1]
ops.BSgate(p[0]) | (q[0], q[1])
ops.Rgate(p[1]) | q[1]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(p[2]) | q[0]
eng = sf.Engine("gaussian")
with pytest.raises(
NotImplementedError,
match="Lists of TDM programs are not currently supported"):
eng.run([prog, prog])
def test_tdm_program(self):
"""Test TDM program converts properly"""
prog = TDMProgram(2)
with prog.context([1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]) as (p, q):
ops.Sgate(0.7, 0) | q[1]
ops.BSgate(p[0]) | (q[0], q[1])
ops.Rgate(p[1]) | q[1]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(p[2]) | q[0]
bb = io.to_blackbird(prog)
assert bb.operations[0] == {
"kwargs": {},
"args": [0.7, 0],
"op": "Sgate",
"modes": [1]
}
assert bb.operations[1] == {
"kwargs": {},
"args": ["p0", 0.0],
"op": "BSgate",
"modes": [0, 1],
}
assert bb.operations[2] == {
"kwargs": {},
"args": ["p1"],
"op": "Rgate",
"modes": [1]
}
assert bb.operations[3] == {
"kwargs": {},
"args": ["p2"],
"op": "MeasureHomodyne",
"modes": [0],
}
assert bb.programtype == {
"name": "tdm",
"options": {
"temporal_modes": 2
}
}
assert list(bb._var.keys()) == ["p0", "p1", "p2"]
assert np.all(bb._var["p0"] == np.array([[1, 2]]))
assert np.all(bb._var["p1"] == np.array([[3, 4]]))
assert np.all(bb._var["p2"] == np.array([[5, 6]]))
assert bb.modes == {0, 1}
def test_measure_arg(self):
"""Test measurement with argument converts"""
# create a test program
prog = Program(1)
with prog.context as q:
ops.MeasureHomodyne(0.43) | q[0]
bb = io.to_blackbird(prog)
expected = {
"op": "MeasureHomodyne",
"modes": [0],
"args": [0.43],
"kwargs": {},
}
assert bb.operations[0] == expected
def test_tdm_wrong_modes(self):
"""Test the correct error is raised when the tdm circuit registers don't match the device spec"""
sq_r = 0.5643
c = 2
alpha = [np.pi / 4, 0] * c
phi = [0, np.pi / 2] * c
theta = [0, 0] + [np.pi / 2, np.pi / 2]
prog = tdmprogram.TDMProgram(N=2)
with prog.context(alpha, phi, theta) as (p, q):
ops.Sgate(sq_r) | q[1]
ops.BSgate(p[0]) | (q[0], q[1]) # The order should be (q[1], q[0])
ops.Rgate(p[1]) | q[1]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(p[2]) | q[0]
eng = sf.Engine("gaussian")
with pytest.raises(sf.program_utils.CircuitError,
match="due to incompatible mode ordering."):
prog.compile(device=device, compiler="TD2")
def test_shots_with_timebins_non_multiple_of_concurrent_modes(self):
"""Test that multiple shots work when having the number of timebins be
a non-multiple of the number of concurrent modes"""
theta = [0] * 3
shots = 2
prog = sf.TDMProgram(N=2)
with prog.context(theta) as (p, q):
ops.Xgate(50) | q[1]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(p[0]) | q[0]
eng = sf.Engine("gaussian")
res = eng.run(prog, shots=shots)
samples = res.samples
expected = np.array([[[0, 50, 50]], [[50, 50, 50]]])
assert np.allclose(samples, expected, atol=4)
def test_tdm_wrong_parameter_second_argument(self):
"""Test the correct error is raised when the tdm circuit explicit parameters are not within the allowed ranges"""
sq_r = 0.5643
c = 2
alpha = [np.pi / 4, 0] * c
phi = [0, np.pi / 2] * c
theta = [0, 0] + [np.pi / 2, np.pi / 2]
prog = tdmprogram.TDMProgram(N=2)
with prog.context(alpha, phi, theta) as (p, q):
ops.Sgate(sq_r, 0.4) | q[
1] # Note that the Sgate has a second parameter that is non-zero
ops.BSgate(p[0]) | (q[1], q[0])
ops.Rgate(p[1]) | q[1]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(p[2]) | q[0]
eng = sf.Engine("gaussian")
with pytest.raises(sf.program_utils.CircuitError,
match="due to incompatible parameter."):
prog.compile(device=device, compiler="TD2")
def singleloop_program(r, alpha, phi, theta):
"""Single delay loop with program.
Args:
r (float): squeezing parameter
alpha (Sequence[float]): beamsplitter angles
phi (Sequence[float]): rotation angles
theta (Sequence[float]): homodyne measurement angles
Returns:
(array): homodyne samples from the single loop simulation
"""
prog = tdmprogram.TDMProgram(N=2)
with prog.context(alpha, phi, theta) as (p, q):
ops.Sgate(r, 0) | q[1]
ops.BSgate(p[0]) | (q[1], q[0])
ops.Rgate(p[1]) | q[1]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(p[2]) | q[0]
return prog
def test_unroll(self):
"""Test unrolling program."""
n = 2
prog = sf.TDMProgram(N=2)
with prog.context([0] * n, [0] * n, [0] * n) as (p, q):
ops.Sgate(0.5643, 0) | q[1]
ops.BSgate(p[0]) | (q[1], q[0])
ops.Rgate(p[1]) | q[1]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(p[2]) | q[0]
prog_length = len(prog.circuit)
assert prog_length == 4
prog.unroll()
assert len(prog.circuit) == n * prog_length
prog.roll()
assert len(prog.circuit) == prog_length
def test_tdm_wrong_modes(self):
"""Test the correct error is raised when the tdm circuit registers don't match the device spec"""
sq_r = 0.5643
c = 2
alpha = [np.pi / 4, 0] * c
phi = [0, np.pi / 2] * c
theta = [0.0, 0.0] + [np.pi / 2, np.pi / 2]
prog = TDMProgram(N=2)
with prog.context(alpha, phi, theta) as (p, q):
ops.Sgate(sq_r) | q[1]
ops.BSgate(p[0]) | (q[0], q[1]) # The order should be (q[1], q[0])
ops.Rgate(p[1]) | q[1]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(p[2]) | q[0]
reset_compiler(self.target)
with pytest.raises(CircuitError,
match=f"cannot be used with the compiler 'TDM"):
prog.compile(device=self.device, compiler="TDM")
def test_tdm_wrong_layout(self):
"""Test the correct error is raised when the tdm circuit gates don't match the device spec"""
sq_r = 0.5643
c = 2
alpha = [np.pi / 4, 0] * c
phi = [0, np.pi / 2] * c
theta = [0, 0] + [np.pi / 2, np.pi / 2]
prog = tdmprogram.TDMProgram(N=2)
with prog.context(alpha, phi, theta) as (p, q):
ops.Dgate(sq_r) | q[1] # Here one should have an Sgate
ops.BSgate(p[0]) | (q[1], q[0])
ops.Rgate(p[1]) | q[1]
ops.MeasureHomodyne(p[2]) | q[0]
eng = sf.Engine("gaussian")
with pytest.raises(
sf.program_utils.CircuitError,
match="The gates or the order of gates used in the Program",
):
prog.compile(device=device, compiler="TD2")