def _intersect(self, other):
from sympy import Dummy
from sympy.solvers.diophantine import diophantine
from sympy.sets.sets import imageset
if self.base_set is S.Integers:
if isinstance(other, ImageSet) and other.base_set is S.Integers:
f, g = self.lamda.expr, other.lamda.expr
n, m = self.lamda.variables[0], other.lamda.variables[0]
# Diophantine sorts the solutions according to the alphabetic
# order of the variable names, since the result should not depend
# on the variable name, they are replaced by the dummy variables
# below
a, b = Dummy('a'), Dummy('b')
f, g = f.subs(n, a), g.subs(m, b)
solns_set = diophantine(f - g)
if solns_set == set():
return EmptySet()
solns = list(diophantine(f - g))
if len(solns) == 1:
t = list(solns[0][0].free_symbols)[0]
else:
return None
# since 'a' < 'b'
return imageset(Lambda(t, f.subs(a, solns[0][0])), S.Integers)
def test_diop_general_sum_of_squares_quick():
for i in range(3, 10):
assert check_solutions(sum(i**2 for i in symbols(':%i' % i)) - i)
raises(ValueError, lambda: _diop_general_sum_of_squares((x, y), 2))
assert _diop_general_sum_of_squares((x, y, z), -2) == set()
eq = x**2 + y**2 + z**2 - (1 + 4 + 9)
assert diop_general_sum_of_squares(eq) == \
set([(1, 2, 3)])
eq = u**2 + v**2 + x**2 + y**2 + z**2 - 1313
assert len(diop_general_sum_of_squares(eq, 3)) == 3
# issue 11016
var = symbols(':5') + (symbols('6', negative=True),)
eq = Add(*[i**2 for i in var]) - 112
assert diophantine(eq) == set(
[(0, 1, 1, 5, 6, -7), (1, 1, 1, 3, 6, -8), (2, 3, 3, 4,
5, -7), (0, 1, 1, 1, 3, -10), (0, 0, 4, 4, 4, -8), (1, 2, 3,
3, 5, -8), (0, 1, 2, 3, 7, -7), (2, 2, 4, 4, 6, -6), (1, 1,
3, 4, 6, -7), (0, 2, 3, 3, 3, -9), (0, 0, 2, 2, 2, -10), (1,
1, 2, 3, 4, -9), (0, 1, 1, 2, 5, -9), (0, 0, 2, 6, 6, -6),
(1, 3, 4, 5, 5, -6), (0, 2, 2, 2, 6, -8), (0, 3, 3, 3, 6,
-7), (0, 2, 3, 5, 5, -7), (0, 1, 5, 5, 5, -6)])
# handle negated squares with signsimp
assert diophantine(12 - x**2 - y**2 - z**2) == set([(2, 2, 2)])
# diophantine handles simplification, so classify_diop should
# not have to look for additional patterns that are removed
# by diophantine
eq = a**2 + b**2 + c**2 + d**2 - 4
raises(NotImplementedError, lambda: classify_diop(-eq))
def test_diophantine_permute_sign():
from sympy.abc import a, b, c, d, e
eq = a**4 + b**4 - (2**4 + 3**4)
base_sol = set([(2, 3)])
assert diophantine(eq) == base_sol
complete_soln = set(signed_permutations(base_sol.pop()))
assert diophantine(eq, permute=True) == complete_soln
eq = a**2 + b**2 + c**2 + d**2 + e**2 - 234
assert len(diophantine(eq)) == 35
assert len(diophantine(eq, permute=True)) == 62000
soln = set([(-1, -1), (-1, 2), (1, -2), (1, 1)])
assert diophantine(10*x**2 + 12*x*y + 12*y**2 - 34, permute=True) == soln
def test_assumptions():
"""
Test whether diophantine respects the assumptions.
"""
#Test case taken from the below so question regarding assumptions in diophantine module
#http://stackoverflow.com/questions/23301941/how-can-i-declare-natural-symbols-with-sympy
m, n = symbols('m n', integer=True, positive=True)
diof = diophantine(n ** 2 + m * n - 500)
assert diof == set([(5, 20), (40, 10), (95, 5), (121, 4), (248, 2), (499, 1)])
a, b = symbols('a b', integer=True, positive=False)
diof = diophantine(a*b + 2*a + 3*b - 6)
assert diof == set([(-15, -3), (-9, -4), (-7, -5), (-6, -6), (-5, -8), (-4, -14)])
def _intersect(self, other):
from sympy.solvers.diophantine import diophantine
if self.base_set is S.Integers:
g = None
if isinstance(other, ImageSet) and other.base_set is S.Integers:
g = other.lamda.expr
m = other.lamda.variables[0]
elif other is S.Integers:
m = g = Dummy('x')
if g is not None:
f = self.lamda.expr
n = self.lamda.variables[0]
# Diophantine sorts the solutions according to the alphabetic
# order of the variable names, since the result should not depend
# on the variable name, they are replaced by the dummy variables
# below
a, b = Dummy('a'), Dummy('b')
f, g = f.subs(n, a), g.subs(m, b)
solns_set = diophantine(f - g)
if solns_set == set():
return EmptySet()
solns = list(diophantine(f - g))
if len(solns) != 1:
return
# since 'a' < 'b', select soln for n
nsol = solns[0][0]
t = nsol.free_symbols.pop()
return imageset(Lambda(n, f.subs(a, nsol.subs(t, n))), S.Integers)
if other == S.Reals:
from sympy.solvers.solveset import solveset_real
from sympy.core.function import expand_complex
if len(self.lamda.variables) > 1:
return None
f = self.lamda.expr
n = self.lamda.variables[0]
n_ = Dummy(n.name, real=True)
f_ = f.subs(n, n_)
re, im = f_.as_real_imag()
im = expand_complex(im)
return imageset(Lambda(n_, re),
self.base_set.intersect(
solveset_real(im, n_)))
def check_solutions(eq):
"""
Determines whether solutions returned by diophantine() satisfy the original
equation. Hope to generalize this so we can remove functions like check_ternay_quadratic,
check_solutions_normal, check_solutions()
"""
s = diophantine(eq)
terms = factor_list(eq)[1]
var = list(eq.free_symbols)
var.sort(key=default_sort_key)
okay = True
while len(s) and okay:
solution = s.pop()
okay = False
for term in terms:
subeq = term[0]
if simplify(_mexpand(Subs(subeq, var, solution).doit())) == 0:
okay = True
break
return okay
def test_diopcoverage():
eq = (2*x + y + 1)**2
assert diop_solve(eq) == set([(t_0, -2*t_0 - 1)])
eq = 2*x**2 + 6*x*y + 12*x + 4*y**2 + 18*y + 18
assert diop_solve(eq) == set([(t_0, -t_0 - 3), (2*t_0 - 3, -t_0)])
assert diop_quadratic(x + y**2 - 3) == set([(-t**2 + 3, -t)])
assert diop_linear(x + y - 3) == (t_0, 3 - t_0)
assert base_solution_linear(0, 1, 2, t=None) == (0, 0)
ans = (3*t - 1, -2*t + 1)
assert base_solution_linear(4, 8, 12, t) == ans
assert base_solution_linear(4, 8, 12, t=None) == tuple(_.subs(t, 0) for _ in ans)
assert cornacchia(1, 1, 20) is None
assert cornacchia(1, 1, 5) == set([(2, 1)])
assert cornacchia(1, 2, 17) == set([(3, 2)])
raises(ValueError, lambda: reconstruct(4, 20, 1))
assert gaussian_reduce(4, 1, 3) == (1, 1)
eq = -w**2 - x**2 - y**2 + z**2
assert diop_general_pythagorean(eq) == \
diop_general_pythagorean(-eq) == \
(m1**2 + m2**2 - m3**2, 2*m1*m3,
2*m2*m3, m1**2 + m2**2 + m3**2)
assert check_param(S(3) + x/3, S(4) + x/2, S(2), x) == (None, None)
assert check_param(S(3)/2, S(4) + x, S(2), x) == (None, None)
assert check_param(S(4) + x, S(3)/2, S(2), x) == (None, None)
assert _nint_or_floor(16, 10) == 2
assert _odd(1) == (not _even(1)) == True
assert _odd(0) == (not _even(0)) == False
assert _remove_gcd(2, 4, 6) == (1, 2, 3)
raises(TypeError, lambda: _remove_gcd((2, 4, 6)))
assert sqf_normal(2 * 3**2 * 5, 2 * 5 * 11, 2 * 7**2 * 11) == \
(11, 1, 5)
# it's ok if these pass some day when the solvers are implemented
raises(NotImplementedError, lambda: diophantine(x**2 + y**2 + x*y + 2*y*z - 12))
raises(NotImplementedError, lambda: diophantine(x**3 + y**2))
assert diop_quadratic(x**2 + y**2 - 1**2 - 3**4) == \
set([(-9, -1), (-9, 1), (-1, -9), (-1, 9), (1, -9), (1, 9), (9, -1), (9, 1)])
def _intersect(self, other):
from sympy import Dummy
from sympy.solvers.diophantine import diophantine
from sympy.sets.sets import imageset
if self.base_set is S.Integers:
if isinstance(other, ImageSet) and other.base_set is S.Integers:
f, g = self.lamda.expr, other.lamda.expr
n, m = self.lamda.variables[0], other.lamda.variables[0]
# Diophantine sorts the solutions according to the alphabetic
# order of the variable names, since the result should not depend
# on the variable name, they are replaced by the dummy variables
# below
a, b = Dummy("a"), Dummy("b")
f, g = f.subs(n, a), g.subs(m, b)
solns_set = diophantine(f - g)
if solns_set == set():
return EmptySet()
solns = list(diophantine(f - g))
if len(solns) == 1:
t = list(solns[0][0].free_symbols)[0]
else:
return None
# since 'a' < 'b'
return imageset(Lambda(t, f.subs(a, solns[0][0])), S.Integers)
if other == S.Reals:
from sympy.solvers.solveset import solveset_real
from sympy.core.function import expand_complex
if len(self.lamda.variables) > 1:
return None
f = self.lamda.expr
n = self.lamda.variables[0]
n_ = Dummy(n.name, real=True)
f_ = f.subs(n, n_)
re, im = f_.as_real_imag()
im = expand_complex(im)
return imageset(Lambda(n_, re), self.base_set.intersect(solveset_real(im, n_)))
def _has_conflict(rd1, rd2, offset):
"""
:param rd1: rectangular domain from Stencil1 (1D) <- (low, high, stride) (written domain)
:param rd2: rectangular domain from Stencil2 (1D) <- (low, high, stride) (read domain)
:param offset_vector: Offset from the center (relative to rd2), 1D projections
:return: Whether OV from rectangular domain 2 reads from rectangular domain 1
"""
n1 = sympy.Symbol("n1")
n2 = sympy.Symbol("n2")
# Diophantine equations:
# offset(iterationspace1) + n1 * stride(iteration_space1) <- write vectors
diophantine_eq1 = rd1[0] + n1 * rd1[2]
# offset(iterationspace2) + n2 * stride(iteration_space2) + offset_vector <- Read vectors
diophantine_eq2 = rd2[0] + n2 * rd2[2] + offset
# Since sympy solves eq = 0, we want dio_eq1 - dio_eq2 = 0.
eqn = diophantine_eq1 - diophantine_eq2
parameter = sympy.Symbol("t", integer=True)
sat_param = sympy.Symbol("t_0", integer=True)
if not eqn.free_symbols:
return eqn == 0
solutions = dio.diophantine(eqn, parameter) # default parameter is "t"
# print("Sols:", solutions)
for sol in solutions:
if len(eqn.free_symbols) != 2:
if n1 in eqn.free_symbols:
parametric_n1 = sol[0]
parametric_n2 = 0
else:
parametric_n1 = 0
parametric_n2 = sol[0]
else:
(parametric_n1, parametric_n2) = sol
# Solutions is a set of tuples, each containing either a number or parametric expression
# which give conditions on satisfiability.
# are these satisfiable on the original bounds?
# substitute the parametric forms in
substituted_1 = diophantine_eq1.subs({n1: parametric_n1})
substituted_2 = (
rd2[0] + parametric_n2 * rd2[2]
) # we ditch the offset because it's irrelevant since the bounds are based on the center of the stencil
# print(substituted_1, "\t", substituted_2)
# print(rd1[0], rd1[1], rd2[0], rd2[1])
# now do they satisfy the bounds?
satisfactory_interval = ineq.reduce_rational_inequalities(
[[rd1[0] <= substituted_1, rd1[1] > substituted_1, rd2[0] <= substituted_2, rd2[1] > substituted_2]],
sat_param,
relational=False,
)
# print(satisfactory_interval)
if _contains_integer(satisfactory_interval):
return True
return False
def test_diop_sum_of_even_powers():
eq = x ** 4 + y ** 4 + z ** 4 - 2673
assert diop_solve(eq) == set([(3, 6, 6), (2, 4, 7)])
assert diop_general_sum_of_even_powers(eq, 2) == set([(3, 6, 6), (2, 4, 7)])
raises(NotImplementedError, lambda: diop_general_sum_of_even_powers(-eq, 2))
neg = symbols("neg", negative=True)
eq = x ** 4 + y ** 4 + neg ** 4 - 2673
assert diop_general_sum_of_even_powers(eq) == set([(-3, 6, 6)])
assert diophantine(x ** 4 + y ** 4 + 2) == set()
assert diop_general_sum_of_even_powers(x ** 4 + y ** 4 - 2, limit=0) == set()
def analyze_dependencies(vec, space1, space2):
x, y = sympy.symbols("x y", integer=True) # used for setting up diophantine equations
# TODO: Make it work on superficially colliding domains (but in reality spatially separated)
results = []
for dim, (s1, o1, v_comp, s2, o2) in enumerate(zip(space1.stride, space1.lower, vec, space2.stride, space2.lower)):
if isinstance(v_comp, sympy.Expr):
v_comp = v_comp.subs({"index_{}".format(dim): s1 * x})
results.append(dio.diophantine(s1 * x + o1 + v_comp - s2 * y - o2))
return results
def test_quadratic_simple_hyperbolic_case():
# Simple Hyperbolic case: A = C = 0 and B != 0
assert diop_solve(3 * x * y + 34 * x - 12 * y + 1) == set([(-133, -11), (5, -57)])
assert diop_solve(6 * x * y + 2 * x + 3 * y + 1) == set([])
assert diop_solve(-13 * x * y + 2 * x - 4 * y - 54) == set([(27, 0)])
assert diop_solve(-27 * x * y - 30 * x - 12 * y - 54) == set([(-14, -1)])
assert diop_solve(2 * x * y + 5 * x + 56 * y + 7) == set(
[(-161, -3), (-47, -6), (-35, -12), (-29, -69), (-27, 64), (-21, 7), (-9, 1), (105, -2)]
)
assert diop_solve(6 * x * y + 9 * x + 2 * y + 3) == set([])
assert diop_solve(x * y + x + y + 1) == set([(-1, t), (t, -1)])
assert diophantine(48 * x * y)
def test_quadratic_simple_hyperbolic_case():
# Simple Hyperbolic case: A = C = 0 and B != 0
assert diop_solve(3*x*y + 34*x - 12*y + 1) == \
set([(-Integer(133), -Integer(11)), (Integer(5), -Integer(57))])
assert diop_solve(6*x*y + 2*x + 3*y + 1) == set([])
assert diop_solve(-13*x*y + 2*x - 4*y - 54) == set([(Integer(27), Integer(0))])
assert diop_solve(-27*x*y - 30*x - 12*y - 54) == set([(-Integer(14), -Integer(1))])
assert diop_solve(2*x*y + 5*x + 56*y + 7) == set([(-Integer(161), -Integer(3)),\
(-Integer(47),-Integer(6)), (-Integer(35), -Integer(12)), (-Integer(29), -Integer(69)),\
(-Integer(27), Integer(64)), (-Integer(21), Integer(7)),(-Integer(9), Integer(1)),\
(Integer(105), -Integer(2))])
assert diop_solve(6*x*y + 9*x + 2*y + 3) == set([])
assert diop_solve(x*y + x + y + 1) == set([(-Integer(1), t), (t, -Integer(1))])
assert diophantine(48*x*y)
def check_integrality(eq):
"""
Check that the solutions returned by diophantine() are integers.
This should be seldom needed except for general quadratic
equations which are solved with rational transformations.
"""
def _check_values(x):
""" Check a number of values. """
for i in range(-4, 4):
if not isinstance(simplify(x.subs(t, i)), Integer):
return False
return True
for soln in diophantine(eq, param=t):
for x in soln:
if not _check_values(x):
return False
return True
def check_solutions(eq):
"""
Determines whether solutions returned by diophantine() satisfy the original
equation. Hope to generalize this so we can remove functions like check_ternay_quadratic,
check_solutions_normal, check_solutions()
"""
s = diophantine(eq)
factors = Mul.make_args(eq)
var = list(eq.free_symbols)
var.sort(key=default_sort_key)
while s:
solution = s.pop()
for f in factors:
if diop_simplify(f.subs(zip(var, solution))) == 0:
break
else:
return False
return True
def p100():
eq = x**2 - y**2 - 2*x*y - x + y
n = symbols('n',integer=True)
s = diophantine(eq,n)
x_1,y_1 = s.pop()
x_2,y_2 = s.pop()
x_3,y_3 = s.pop()
x_4,y_4 = s.pop()
xxs = (x_1, x_2, x_3, x_4)
yys = (y_1,y_2,y_3,y_4)
print 'n eqnum x y '
for i in xrange(9):
for e,(xx,yy) in enumerate(zip(xxs,yys)):
try:
x_val = simplify(xx.subs({n:i}))
if x_val > 0:
y_val = simplify(yy.subs({n:i}))
if x_val+y_val>10**12:
print 'DONE', i, e, x_val, y_val, x_val+y_val, x_val+y_val>10**12
return x_val
print i, e, x_val, y_val, x_val+y_val, x_val+y_val>10**12
except KeyError:
print 'strange sympy error', i, e
def intersection_sets(self, other): # noqa:F811
from sympy.solvers.diophantine import diophantine
# Only handle the straight-forward univariate case
if (len(self.lamda.variables) > 1
or self.lamda.signature != self.lamda.variables):
return None
base_set = self.base_sets[0]
# Intersection between ImageSets with Integers as base set
# For {f(n) : n in Integers} & {g(m) : m in Integers} we solve the
# diophantine equations f(n)=g(m).
# If the solutions for n are {h(t) : t in Integers} then we return
# {f(h(t)) : t in integers}.
# If the solutions for n are {n_1, n_2, ..., n_k} then we return
# {f(n_i) : 1 <= i <= k}.
if base_set is S.Integers:
gm = None
if isinstance(other, ImageSet) and other.base_sets == (S.Integers, ):
gm = other.lamda.expr
var = other.lamda.variables[0]
# Symbol of second ImageSet lambda must be distinct from first
m = Dummy('m')
gm = gm.subs(var, m)
elif other is S.Integers:
m = gm = Dummy('m')
if gm is not None:
fn = self.lamda.expr
n = self.lamda.variables[0]
try:
solns = list(diophantine(fn - gm, syms=(n, m), permute=True))
except (TypeError, NotImplementedError):
# TypeError if equation not polynomial with rational coeff.
# NotImplementedError if correct format but no solver.
return
# 3 cases are possible for solns:
# - empty set,
# - one or more parametric (infinite) solutions,
# - a finite number of (non-parametric) solution couples.
# Among those, there is one type of solution set that is
# not helpful here: multiple parametric solutions.
if len(solns) == 0:
return EmptySet
elif any(s.free_symbols for tupl in solns for s in tupl):
if len(solns) == 1:
soln, solm = solns[0]
(t, ) = soln.free_symbols
expr = fn.subs(n, soln.subs(t, n)).expand()
return imageset(Lambda(n, expr), S.Integers)
else:
return
else:
return FiniteSet(*(fn.subs(n, s[0]) for s in solns))
if other == S.Reals:
from sympy.core.function import expand_complex
from sympy.solvers.solvers import denoms, solve_linear
from sympy.core.relational import Eq
def _solution_union(exprs, sym):
# return a union of linear solutions to i in expr;
# if i cannot be solved, use a ConditionSet for solution
sols = []
for i in exprs:
x, xis = solve_linear(i, 0, [sym])
if x == sym:
sols.append(FiniteSet(xis))
else:
sols.append(ConditionSet(sym, Eq(i, 0)))
return Union(*sols)
f = self.lamda.expr
n = self.lamda.variables[0]
n_ = Dummy(n.name, real=True)
f_ = f.subs(n, n_)
re, im = f_.as_real_imag()
im = expand_complex(im)
re = re.subs(n_, n)
im = im.subs(n_, n)
ifree = im.free_symbols
lam = Lambda(n, re)
if im.is_zero:
# allow re-evaluation
# of self in this case to make
# the result canonical
pass
elif im.is_zero is False:
return S.EmptySet
elif ifree != {n}:
return None
else:
# univarite imaginary part in same variable;
# use numer instead of as_numer_denom to keep
# this as fast as possible while still handling
# simple cases
base_set &= _solution_union(Mul.make_args(numer(im)), n)
# exclude values that make denominators 0
base_set -= _solution_union(denoms(f), n)
return imageset(lam, base_set)
elif isinstance(other, Interval):
from sympy.solvers.solveset import (invert_real, invert_complex,
solveset)
f = self.lamda.expr
n = self.lamda.variables[0]
new_inf, new_sup = None, None
new_lopen, new_ropen = other.left_open, other.right_open
if f.is_real:
inverter = invert_real
else:
inverter = invert_complex
g1, h1 = inverter(f, other.inf, n)
g2, h2 = inverter(f, other.sup, n)
if all(isinstance(i, FiniteSet) for i in (h1, h2)):
if g1 == n:
if len(h1) == 1:
new_inf = h1.args[0]
if g2 == n:
if len(h2) == 1:
new_sup = h2.args[0]
# TODO: Design a technique to handle multiple-inverse
# functions
# Any of the new boundary values cannot be determined
if any(i is None for i in (new_sup, new_inf)):
return
range_set = S.EmptySet
if all(i.is_real for i in (new_sup, new_inf)):
# this assumes continuity of underlying function
# however fixes the case when it is decreasing
if new_inf > new_sup:
new_inf, new_sup = new_sup, new_inf
new_interval = Interval(new_inf, new_sup, new_lopen, new_ropen)
range_set = base_set.intersect(new_interval)
else:
if other.is_subset(S.Reals):
solutions = solveset(f, n, S.Reals)
if not isinstance(range_set, (ImageSet, ConditionSet)):
range_set = solutions.intersect(other)
else:
return
if range_set is S.EmptySet:
return S.EmptySet
elif isinstance(range_set,
Range) and range_set.size is not S.Infinity:
range_set = FiniteSet(*list(range_set))
if range_set is not None:
return imageset(Lambda(n, f), range_set)
return
else:
return
a, b = symbols('a b')
buses = [17, 3, 13, 5]
dsync = DiophantineSync(17)
print(dsync)
dsync.sync(13, 2)
print(dsync)
#sys.exit(0)
dsync.sync(19, 3)
print(dsync)
sys.exit(0)
eq = (17 * a) - (13 * b) - 2
soln = diophantine(eq)
def get_offset(soln):
fst, snd = list(soln)[0]
print(fst, snd)
#sys.exit(0)
fst, snd = list(soln)[0]
print(soln)
eq2 = (221 * a) - (19 * b) + 2
soln2 = diophantine(eq2)
print(soln2)
def test_issue_9106():
eq = -48 - 2*x*(3*x - 1) + y*(3*y - 1)
v = (x, y)
for sol in diophantine(eq):
assert not diop_simplify(eq.xreplace(dict(zip(v, sol))))
def test_issue_18138():
eq = x**2 - x - y**2
v = (x, y)
for sol in diophantine(eq):
assert not diop_simplify(eq.xreplace(dict(zip(v, sol))))
def test_issue_8943():
assert diophantine(
(3*(x**2 + y**2 + z**2) - 14*(x*y + y*z + z*x))) == \
set([(0, 0, 0)])
def test_issue_9538():
eq = x - 3 * y + 2
assert diophantine(eq, syms=[y, x]) == set([(t_0, 3 * t_0 - 2)])
raises(TypeError, lambda: diophantine(eq, syms=set([y, x])))
def _intersect(self, other):
from sympy.solvers.diophantine import diophantine
if self.base_set is S.Integers:
g = None
if isinstance(other, ImageSet) and other.base_set is S.Integers:
g = other.lamda.expr
m = other.lamda.variables[0]
elif other is S.Integers:
m = g = Dummy('x')
if g is not None:
f = self.lamda.expr
n = self.lamda.variables[0]
# Diophantine sorts the solutions according to the alphabetic
# order of the variable names, since the result should not depend
# on the variable name, they are replaced by the dummy variables
# below
a, b = Dummy('a'), Dummy('b')
f, g = f.subs(n, a), g.subs(m, b)
solns_set = diophantine(f - g)
if solns_set == set():
return EmptySet()
solns = list(diophantine(f - g))
if len(solns) != 1:
return
# since 'a' < 'b', select soln for n
nsol = solns[0][0]
t = nsol.free_symbols.pop()
return imageset(Lambda(n, f.subs(a, nsol.subs(t, n))), S.Integers)
if other == S.Reals:
from sympy.solvers.solveset import solveset_real
from sympy.core.function import expand_complex
if len(self.lamda.variables) > 1:
return None
f = self.lamda.expr
n = self.lamda.variables[0]
n_ = Dummy(n.name, real=True)
f_ = f.subs(n, n_)
re, im = f_.as_real_imag()
im = expand_complex(im)
return imageset(Lambda(n_, re),
self.base_set.intersect(
solveset_real(im, n_)))
elif isinstance(other, Interval):
from sympy.solvers.solveset import (invert_real, invert_complex,
solveset)
f = self.lamda.expr
n = self.lamda.variables[0]
base_set = self.base_set
new_inf, new_sup = None, None
new_lopen, new_ropen = other.left_open, other.right_open
if f.is_real:
inverter = invert_real
else:
inverter = invert_complex
g1, h1 = inverter(f, other.inf, n)
g2, h2 = inverter(f, other.sup, n)
if all(isinstance(i, FiniteSet) for i in (h1, h2)):
if g1 == n:
if len(h1) == 1:
new_inf = h1.args[0]
if g2 == n:
if len(h2) == 1:
new_sup = h2.args[0]
# TODO: Design a technique to handle multiple-inverse
# functions
# Any of the new boundary values cannot be determined
if any(i is None for i in (new_sup, new_inf)):
return
range_set = S.EmptySet
if all(i.is_real for i in (new_sup, new_inf)):
new_interval = Interval(new_inf, new_sup, new_lopen, new_ropen)
range_set = base_set._intersect(new_interval)
else:
if other.is_subset(S.Reals):
solutions = solveset(f, n, S.Reals)
if not isinstance(range_set, (ImageSet, ConditionSet)):
range_set = solutions._intersect(other)
else:
return
if range_set is S.EmptySet:
return S.EmptySet
elif isinstance(range_set, Range) and range_set.size is not S.Infinity:
range_set = FiniteSet(*list(range_set))
if range_set is not None:
return imageset(Lambda(n, f), range_set)
return
else:
return
def test_input_format():
raises(TypeError, lambda: diophantine(sin(x)))
raises(TypeError, lambda: diophantine(x/pi - 3))
def test_diophantine():
assert check_solutions((x - y)*(y - z)*(z - x))
assert check_solutions((x - y)*(x**2 + y**2 - z**2))
assert check_solutions((x - 3*y + 7*z)*(x**2 + y**2 - z**2))
assert check_solutions((x**2 - 3*y**2 - 1))
assert check_solutions(y**2 + 7*x*y)
assert check_solutions(x**2 - 3*x*y + y**2)
assert check_solutions(z*(x**2 - y**2 - 15))
assert check_solutions(x*(2*y - 2*z + 5))
assert check_solutions((x**2 - 3*y**2 - 1)*(x**2 - y**2 - 15))
assert check_solutions((x**2 - 3*y**2 - 1)*(y - 7*z))
assert check_solutions((x**2 + y**2 - z**2)*(x - 7*y - 3*z + 4*w))
# Following test case caused problems in parametric representation
# But this can be solved by factroing out y.
# No need to use methods for ternary quadratic equations.
assert check_solutions(y**2 - 7*x*y + 4*y*z)
assert check_solutions(x**2 - 2*x + 1)
assert diophantine(x - y) == diophantine(Eq(x, y))
assert diophantine(3*x*pi - 2*y*pi) == set([(2*t_0, 3*t_0)])
assert diophantine(x**2 + y**2 + z**2 - 14) == set([(1, 2, 3)])
assert diophantine(x**2 + 15*x/14 - 3) == set()
# test issue 11049
eq = 92*x**2 - 99*y**2 - z**2
coeff = eq.as_coefficients_dict()
assert _diop_ternary_quadratic_normal((x, y, z), coeff) == \
(9, 7, 51)
assert diophantine(eq) == set([(
891*p**2 + 9*q**2, -693*p**2 - 102*p*q + 7*q**2,
5049*p**2 - 1386*p*q - 51*q**2)])
eq = 2*x**2 + 2*y**2 - z**2
coeff = eq.as_coefficients_dict()
assert _diop_ternary_quadratic_normal((x, y, z), coeff) == \
(1, 1, 2)
assert diophantine(eq) == set([(
2*p**2 - q**2, -2*p**2 + 4*p*q - q**2,
4*p**2 - 4*p*q + 2*q**2)])
eq = 411*x**2+57*y**2-221*z**2
coeff = eq.as_coefficients_dict()
assert _diop_ternary_quadratic_normal((x, y, z), coeff) == \
(2021, 2645, 3066)
assert diophantine(eq) == \
set([(115197*p**2 - 446641*q**2, -150765*p**2 + 1355172*p*q -
584545*q**2, 174762*p**2 - 301530*p*q + 677586*q**2)])
eq = 573*x**2+267*y**2-984*z**2
coeff = eq.as_coefficients_dict()
assert _diop_ternary_quadratic_normal((x, y, z), coeff) == \
(49, 233, 127)
assert diophantine(eq) == \
set([(4361*p**2 - 16072*q**2, -20737*p**2 + 83312*p*q - 76424*q**2,
11303*p**2 - 41474*p*q + 41656*q**2)])
# this produces factors during reconstruction
eq = x**2 + 3*y**2 - 12*z**2
coeff = eq.as_coefficients_dict()
assert _diop_ternary_quadratic_normal((x, y, z), coeff) == \
(0, 2, 1)
assert diophantine(eq) == \
set([(24*p*q, 2*p**2 - 24*q**2, p**2 + 12*q**2)])
# solvers have not been written for every type
raises(NotImplementedError, lambda: diophantine(x*y**2 + 1))
# rational expressions
assert diophantine(1/x) == set()
assert diophantine(1/x + 1/y - S.Half)
set([(6, 3), (-2, 1), (4, 4), (1, -2), (3, 6)])
def test_issue_9538():
eq = x - 3*y + 2
assert diophantine(eq, syms=[y,x]) == {(t_0, 3*t_0 - 2)}
raises(TypeError, lambda: diophantine(eq, syms={y, x}))
def test_nosols():
# diophantine should sympify eq so that these are equivalent
assert diophantine(3) == set()
assert diophantine(S(3)) == set()
def test_diophantine():
assert check_solutions((x - y)*(y - z)*(z - x))
assert check_solutions((x - y)*(x**2 + y**2 - z**2))
assert check_solutions((x - 3*y + 7*z)*(x**2 + y**2 - z**2))
assert check_solutions((x**2 - 3*y**2 - 1))
assert check_solutions(y**2 + 7*x*y)
assert check_solutions(x**2 - 3*x*y + y**2)
assert check_solutions(z*(x**2 - y**2 - 15))
assert check_solutions(x*(2*y - 2*z + 5))
assert check_solutions((x**2 - 3*y**2 - 1)*(x**2 - y**2 - 15))
assert check_solutions((x**2 - 3*y**2 - 1)*(y - 7*z))
assert check_solutions((x**2 + y**2 - z**2)*(x - 7*y - 3*z + 4*w))
# Following test case caused problems in parametric representation
# But this can be solved by factoring out y.
# No need to use methods for ternary quadratic equations.
assert check_solutions(y**2 - 7*x*y + 4*y*z)
assert check_solutions(x**2 - 2*x + 1)
assert diophantine(x - y) == diophantine(Eq(x, y))
# 18196
eq = x**4 + y**4 - 97
assert diophantine(eq, permute=True) == diophantine(-eq, permute=True)
assert diophantine(3*x*pi - 2*y*pi) == set([(2*t_0, 3*t_0)])
eq = x**2 + y**2 + z**2 - 14
base_sol = set([(1, 2, 3)])
assert diophantine(eq) == base_sol
complete_soln = set(signed_permutations(base_sol.pop()))
assert diophantine(eq, permute=True) == complete_soln
assert diophantine(x**2 + x*Rational(15, 14) - 3) == set()
# test issue 11049
eq = 92*x**2 - 99*y**2 - z**2
coeff = eq.as_coefficients_dict()
assert _diop_ternary_quadratic_normal((x, y, z), coeff) == \
(9, 7, 51)
assert diophantine(eq) == set([(
891*p**2 + 9*q**2, -693*p**2 - 102*p*q + 7*q**2,
5049*p**2 - 1386*p*q - 51*q**2)])
eq = 2*x**2 + 2*y**2 - z**2
coeff = eq.as_coefficients_dict()
assert _diop_ternary_quadratic_normal((x, y, z), coeff) == \
(1, 1, 2)
assert diophantine(eq) == set([(
2*p**2 - q**2, -2*p**2 + 4*p*q - q**2,
4*p**2 - 4*p*q + 2*q**2)])
eq = 411*x**2+57*y**2-221*z**2
coeff = eq.as_coefficients_dict()
assert _diop_ternary_quadratic_normal((x, y, z), coeff) == \
(2021, 2645, 3066)
assert diophantine(eq) == \
set([(115197*p**2 - 446641*q**2, -150765*p**2 + 1355172*p*q -
584545*q**2, 174762*p**2 - 301530*p*q + 677586*q**2)])
eq = 573*x**2+267*y**2-984*z**2
coeff = eq.as_coefficients_dict()
assert _diop_ternary_quadratic_normal((x, y, z), coeff) == \
(49, 233, 127)
assert diophantine(eq) == \
set([(4361*p**2 - 16072*q**2, -20737*p**2 + 83312*p*q - 76424*q**2,
11303*p**2 - 41474*p*q + 41656*q**2)])
# this produces factors during reconstruction
eq = x**2 + 3*y**2 - 12*z**2
coeff = eq.as_coefficients_dict()
assert _diop_ternary_quadratic_normal((x, y, z), coeff) == \
(0, 2, 1)
assert diophantine(eq) == \
set([(24*p*q, 2*p**2 - 24*q**2, p**2 + 12*q**2)])
# solvers have not been written for every type
raises(NotImplementedError, lambda: diophantine(x*y**2 + 1))
# rational expressions
assert diophantine(1/x) == set()
assert diophantine(1/x + 1/y - S.Half)
set([(6, 3), (-2, 1), (4, 4), (1, -2), (3, 6)])
assert diophantine(x**2 + y**2 +3*x- 5, permute=True) == \
set([(-1, 1), (-4, -1), (1, -1), (1, 1), (-4, 1), (-1, -1), (4, 1), (4, -1)])
#test issue 18186
assert diophantine(y**4 + x**4 - 2**4 - 3**4, syms=(x, y), permute=True) == \
set([(-3, -2), (-3, 2), (-2, -3), (-2, 3), (2, -3), (2, 3), (3, -2), (3, 2)])
assert diophantine(y**4 + x**4 - 2**4 - 3**4, syms=(y, x), permute=True) == \
set([(-3, -2), (-3, 2), (-2, -3), (-2, 3), (2, -3), (2, 3), (3, -2), (3, 2)])
# issue 18122
assert check_solutions(x**2-y)
assert check_solutions(y**2-x)
assert diophantine((x**2-y), t) == set([(t, t**2)])
assert diophantine((y**2-x), t) == set([(t**2, -t)])
def test_issue_9539():
assert diophantine(6*w + 9*y + 20*x - z) == \
set([(t_0, t_1, t_1 + t_2, 6*t_0 + 29*t_1 + 9*t_2)])
def intersection_sets(self, other):
from sympy.solvers.diophantine import diophantine
if self.base_set is S.Integers:
g = None
if isinstance(other, ImageSet) and other.base_set is S.Integers:
g = other.lamda.expr
m = other.lamda.variables[0]
elif other is S.Integers:
m = g = Dummy('x')
if g is not None:
f = self.lamda.expr
n = self.lamda.variables[0]
# Diophantine sorts the solutions according to the alphabetic
# order of the variable names, since the result should not depend
# on the variable name, they are replaced by the dummy variables
# below
a, b = Dummy('a'), Dummy('b')
f, g = f.subs(n, a), g.subs(m, b)
solns_set = diophantine(f - g)
if solns_set == set():
return EmptySet()
solns = list(diophantine(f - g))
if len(solns) != 1:
return
# since 'a' < 'b', select soln for n
nsol = solns[0][0]
t = nsol.free_symbols.pop()
return imageset(Lambda(n, f.subs(a, nsol.subs(t, n))), S.Integers)
if other == S.Reals:
from sympy.solvers.solveset import solveset_real
from sympy.core.function import expand_complex
if len(self.lamda.variables) > 1:
return None
f = self.lamda.expr
n = self.lamda.variables[0]
n_ = Dummy(n.name, real=True)
f_ = f.subs(n, n_)
re, im = f_.as_real_imag()
im = expand_complex(im)
return imageset(Lambda(n_, re),
self.base_set.intersect(solveset_real(im, n_)))
elif isinstance(other, Interval):
from sympy.solvers.solveset import (invert_real, invert_complex,
solveset)
f = self.lamda.expr
n = self.lamda.variables[0]
base_set = self.base_set
new_inf, new_sup = None, None
new_lopen, new_ropen = other.left_open, other.right_open
if f.is_real:
inverter = invert_real
else:
inverter = invert_complex
g1, h1 = inverter(f, other.inf, n)
g2, h2 = inverter(f, other.sup, n)
if all(isinstance(i, FiniteSet) for i in (h1, h2)):
if g1 == n:
if len(h1) == 1:
new_inf = h1.args[0]
if g2 == n:
if len(h2) == 1:
new_sup = h2.args[0]
# TODO: Design a technique to handle multiple-inverse
# functions
# Any of the new boundary values cannot be determined
if any(i is None for i in (new_sup, new_inf)):
return
range_set = S.EmptySet
if all(i.is_real for i in (new_sup, new_inf)):
# this assumes continuity of underlying function
# however fixes the case when it is decreasing
if new_inf > new_sup:
new_inf, new_sup = new_sup, new_inf
new_interval = Interval(new_inf, new_sup, new_lopen, new_ropen)
range_set = base_set.intersect(new_interval)
else:
if other.is_subset(S.Reals):
solutions = solveset(f, n, S.Reals)
if not isinstance(range_set, (ImageSet, ConditionSet)):
range_set = solutions.intersect(other)
else:
return
if range_set is S.EmptySet:
return S.EmptySet
elif isinstance(range_set,
Range) and range_set.size is not S.Infinity:
range_set = FiniteSet(*list(range_set))
if range_set is not None:
return imageset(Lambda(n, f), range_set)
return
else:
return
def test_issue_9539():
assert diophantine(6*w + 9*y + 20*x - z) == \
set([(t_0, t_1, t_1 + t_2, 6*t_0 + 29*t_1 + 9*t_2)])
def test_issue_8943():
assert diophantine(
(3*(x**2 + y**2 + z**2) - 14*(x*y + y*z + z*x))) == \
set([(0, 0, 0)])
def test_input_format():
raises(TypeError, lambda: diophantine(sin(x)))
def test_issue_9538():
eq = x - 3*y + 2
assert diophantine(eq, syms=[y,x]) == set([(t_0, 3*t_0 - 2)])
raises(TypeError, lambda: diophantine(eq, syms=set([y,x])))
def test_not_implemented():
eq = x**2 + y**4 - 1**2 - 3**4
assert diophantine(eq, syms=[x, y]) == set([(9, 1), (1, 3)])
def test_not_implemented():
eq = x**2 + y**4 - 1**2 - 3**4
assert diophantine(eq, syms=[x, y]) == set([(9, 1), (1, 3)])
def test_issue_9106():
eq = -48 - 2*x*(3*x - 1) + y*(3*y - 1)
v = (x, y)
for sol in diophantine(eq):
assert not diop_simplify(eq.xreplace(dict(zip(v, sol))))
def intersection_sets(self, other):
from sympy.solvers.diophantine import diophantine
# Only handle the straight-forward univariate case
if (len(self.lamda.variables) > 1
or self.lamda.signature != self.lamda.variables):
return None
base_set = self.base_sets[0]
# Intersection between ImageSets with Integers as base set
# For {f(n) : n in Integers} & {g(m) : m in Integers} we solve the
# diophantine equations f(n)=g(m).
# If the solutions for n are {h(t) : t in Integers} then we return
# {f(h(t)) : t in integers}.
if base_set is S.Integers:
gm = None
if isinstance(other, ImageSet) and other.base_sets == (S.Integers,):
gm = other.lamda.expr
m = other.lamda.variables[0]
elif other is S.Integers:
m = gm = Dummy('x')
if gm is not None:
fn = self.lamda.expr
n = self.lamda.variables[0]
solns = list(diophantine(fn - gm, syms=(n, m)))
if len(solns) == 0:
return EmptySet()
elif len(solns) != 1:
return
else:
soln, solm = solns[0]
(t,) = soln.free_symbols
expr = fn.subs(n, soln.subs(t, n))
return imageset(Lambda(n, expr), S.Integers)
if other == S.Reals:
from sympy.solvers.solveset import solveset_real
from sympy.core.function import expand_complex
f = self.lamda.expr
n = self.lamda.variables[0]
n_ = Dummy(n.name, real=True)
f_ = f.subs(n, n_)
re, im = f_.as_real_imag()
im = expand_complex(im)
re = re.subs(n_, n)
im = im.subs(n_, n)
ifree = im.free_symbols
lam = Lambda(n, re)
if not im:
# allow re-evaluation
# of self in this case to make
# the result canonical
pass
elif im.is_zero is False:
return S.EmptySet
elif ifree != {n}:
return None
else:
# univarite imaginary part in same variable
base_set = base_set.intersect(solveset_real(im, n))
return imageset(lam, base_set)
elif isinstance(other, Interval):
from sympy.solvers.solveset import (invert_real, invert_complex,
solveset)
f = self.lamda.expr
n = self.lamda.variables[0]
new_inf, new_sup = None, None
new_lopen, new_ropen = other.left_open, other.right_open
if f.is_real:
inverter = invert_real
else:
inverter = invert_complex
g1, h1 = inverter(f, other.inf, n)
g2, h2 = inverter(f, other.sup, n)
if all(isinstance(i, FiniteSet) for i in (h1, h2)):
if g1 == n:
if len(h1) == 1:
new_inf = h1.args[0]
if g2 == n:
if len(h2) == 1:
new_sup = h2.args[0]
# TODO: Design a technique to handle multiple-inverse
# functions
# Any of the new boundary values cannot be determined
if any(i is None for i in (new_sup, new_inf)):
return
range_set = S.EmptySet
if all(i.is_real for i in (new_sup, new_inf)):
# this assumes continuity of underlying function
# however fixes the case when it is decreasing
if new_inf > new_sup:
new_inf, new_sup = new_sup, new_inf
new_interval = Interval(new_inf, new_sup, new_lopen, new_ropen)
range_set = base_set.intersect(new_interval)
else:
if other.is_subset(S.Reals):
solutions = solveset(f, n, S.Reals)
if not isinstance(range_set, (ImageSet, ConditionSet)):
range_set = solutions.intersect(other)
else:
return
if range_set is S.EmptySet:
return S.EmptySet
elif isinstance(range_set, Range) and range_set.size is not S.Infinity:
range_set = FiniteSet(*list(range_set))
if range_set is not None:
return imageset(Lambda(n, f), range_set)
return
else:
return