def content_feature_loss(content1,
features1,
content2,
features2,
feature_weight=1.0):
content_mse = mean_squared_error(content1, content2)
features_mse = mean_squared_error(features1, features2)
return K.mean(content_mse) + feature_weight * K.mean(features_mse)
def asymmetric_outlier_mse(y_true, y_pred):
"""Loss function which asymmetrically penalizes over estimations of large values."""
top_over = 40.0 * K.maximum(y_true - 2.0, 0.0) * K.maximum(
y_true - y_pred, 0.0) * mean_squared_error(y_true, y_pred)
top_over += 20.0 * K.maximum(y_true - 1.0, 0.0) * K.maximum(
y_true - y_pred, 0.0) * mean_squared_error(y_true, y_pred)
top_under = 5.0 * K.maximum(y_true - 1.0, 0.0) * K.maximum(
y_pred - y_true, 0.0) * mean_squared_error(y_true, y_pred)
return top_over + top_under + logcosh(y_true, y_pred)
def generalized_loss(y_true, y_pred):
loss = 0
loss += mean_squared_error(tf.gather(data_train, indices), y_pred)
for i in range(batch_size):
curr_idx = indices[i]
sort_idx = tf.gather(sort_distance_idx, curr_idx)
data_true = tf.gather(data_train, sort_idx[0, 0])
for j in range(10):
curr_data_train = tf.gather(data_train, sort_idx[0, j])
s = tf.math.exp(-(tf.norm(data_true - curr_data_train)**2) /
200)
loss += s * mean_squared_error(curr_data_train, y_pred[i, :])
return loss
def _get_mse_for_action(self, target_and_action, current_prediction):
targets, one_hot_action = tf.split(target_and_action, [1, 2], axis=1)
active_q_value = tf.expand_dims(tf.reduce_sum(current_prediction *
one_hot_action,
axis=1),
axis=-1)
return kls.mean_squared_error(targets, active_q_value)
def learn_w(self, state, r):
with tf.GradientTape() as tape:
pred = self.branch_1_model(state)
loss = mean_squared_error(r, pred)
grads = tape.gradient(loss, self.branch_1_model.trainable_variables)
self.opt.apply_gradients(
zip(grads, self.branch_1_model.trainable_variables))
def point_metrics(y_data, output):
"""Evaluate metrics comparing real and predicted output values."""
# Reshaping in memory to avoid duplicate use of RAM
original_real_shape = y_data.shape
y_data.shape = (y_data.shape[2], y_data.shape[1], y_data.shape[0])
original_output_shape = output.shape
output.shape = (output.shape[2], output.shape[1], output.shape[0])
mae = losses.mean_absolute_error(y_data, output)
mse = losses.mean_squared_error(y_data, output)
mape = losses.mean_absolute_percentage_error(y_data, output)
try:
keras_session = backend.get_session()
mae = mae.eval(session=keras_session)
mse = mse.eval(session=keras_session)
mape = mape.eval(session=keras_session)
except NotImplementedError:
mae = mae.numpy()
mse = mse.numpy()
mape = mape.numpy()
y_data.shape = original_real_shape
output.shape = original_output_shape
return [
np.mean(mae),
np.sqrt(np.mean(mse)),
np.mean(mape), mae,
np.sqrt(mse), mape
]
def call(self, inputs, training):
if training is None:
training = K.learning_phase()
masked_inputs = inputs
if training:
if self.noise_std > 0:
masked_inputs = GaussianNoise(self.noise_std)(masked_inputs)
if self.swap_prob > 0:
masked_inputs = SwapNoiseMasker(
probs=[self.swap_prob] * self.input_dim,
seed=[self.seed] * 2)(masked_inputs)
if self.mask_prob > 0:
masked_inputs = ZeroNoiseMasker(
probs=[self.mask_prob] * self.input_dim,
seed=[self.seed] * 2)(masked_inputs)
encoded = self.encoder(masked_inputs)
decoded = self.decoder(encoded)
rec_loss = K.mean(mean_squared_error(inputs, decoded))
self.add_loss(rec_loss)
return encoded, decoded
def _validate_model_regression(self, X_test, y_test, learner):
y_preds = learner.predict(X_test) # predict classes for y test
# print('Predictions Overview: ', y_preds)
mae = mean_absolute_error(y_test, y_preds)
rmse = np.sqrt(mean_squared_error(y_test, y_preds))
rsquared=r2_score(y_test, y_preds)
return mae, rmse,rsquared
def criterion(y_true, y_pred): # Regression Loss
regr_loss = mean_squared_error(y_true, y_pred)
# regr_loss = tf.keras.losses.Huber()(y_true, y_pred)
loss = tf.reduce_mean(regr_loss)
return loss
def pi_loss(y_true, m_out):
y_pred, advs, vf = m_out[0], m_out[1], m_out[2]
y_true_action = y_true[0]
vf_true = tf.cast(y_true[1], tf.float32)
# First, one-hot encoding of true value y_true
y_true_action = tf.expand_dims(tf.cast(y_true_action, tf.int32),
axis=1)
y_true_action = tf.one_hot(y_true_action, depth=action_size)
# Execute categorical crossentropy
neglogp = cat_crosentropy(
y_true_action, # True actions chosen
y_pred, # Logits from model
# sample_weight=advs
)
policy_loss = tf.reduce_mean(advs * neglogp)
entropy_loss = kls.categorical_crossentropy(y_pred,
y_pred,
from_logits=True)
loss_vf = kls.mean_squared_error(vf, vf_true)
return policy_loss - coeff_entropy * entropy_loss + coeff_vf * loss_vf
def loss(y_true, y_pred):
mask = np.zeros((1, 362))
mask[0][-1] = 1
value_loss = mean_squared_error(mask*y_true, mask*y_pred)
mask = 1-mask
policy_loss = K.sum(categorical_crossentropy(mask*y_true, mask*y_pred))
return policy_loss+value_loss
def VAE_test(models, source_number, mixture, epochs=10, **kwargs):
model = models[0] if source_number == 1 else models[1]
target = mixture.mag1 if source_number == 1 else mixture.mag2
learning_rate = kwargs['learning_rate']
if kwargs['optimizer'] == 'Adam':
optimizer = optimizers.Adam(learning_rate=learning_rate,
beta_1=0.9,
beta_2=0.999)
elif kwargs['optimizer'] == 'RMSprop':
optimizer = optimizers.RMSprop(learning_rate=learning_rate)
z = tf.Variable(tf.random.normal([len(target), model.z_dim]),
trainable=True)
for epoch in range(epochs):
with tf.GradientTape() as tape:
out = model.decoder(z)
rec_loss = losses.mean_squared_error(target, out)
loss = tf.reduce_mean(rec_loss)
grads = tape.gradient(loss, z)
# print('grads',grads)
optimizer.apply_gradients([(grads, z)])
if epoch % 50 == 0:
print('epoch:', epoch, 'loss:', float(loss))
return None
def vae_loss(y_true, y_pred, z_mean, z_log_var):
"""Variational autoencoder loss.
This loss function calculates the sum of the reconstruction loss and
the KL-divergence.
Args:
y_true (tf.Tensor): The true output.
y_pred (tf.Tensor): The predicted output.
z_mean (tf.Tensor): The mean of the latent distribution.
z_log_var (tf.Tensor): The variance of the latent distribution.
Returns:
tf.Tensor: The output tensor of the loss function.
"""
reconstruction_loss = mean_squared_error(y_true, y_pred)
reconstruction_loss *= tf.cast(tf.shape(y_true)[-1], tf.float32)
kl_loss = - 0.5 * K.sum(1
+ z_log_var
- K.square(z_mean)
- K.exp(z_log_var),
axis=-1)
return K.mean(reconstruction_loss + kl_loss)
def __init__(self, latent_dim, input_shape, weights=None, debug=True):
# set main class attributes
self.input_shape = input_shape
self.latent_dim = latent_dim
self.debug = debug
self.weightdir = 'weights/'
self.callbacks = [tf.keras.callbacks.TensorBoard(log_dir='./logs')] # saves the necassary data to be viewed by the Tensorboard application
# create input tensors and instantiate the encoder and decoder models
bar_input = Input(shape = self.input_shape, name='encoder_input')
latent_input = Input(shape = self.latent_dim, name = 'latent_input')
self.encoder = self.make_encoder(bar_input)
self.decoder = self.make_decoder(latent_input)
# create the output tensors
encoder_output = self.encoder(bar_input)
vae_output = self.decoder(encoder_output[2])
# instantiate the VAE model
self.VAE = Model(bar_input, vae_output, name='VAE_DNN')
# calcuate the loss functions and add them to the model
z_mean, z_log_var, z = encoder_output
kl_loss = -.5 * tf.math.reduce_sum(1 + z_log_var - tf.math.square(z_mean) - tf.math.exp(z_log_var), axis = -1)
recon_loss = mean_squared_error(tf.reshape(bar_input, [-1]), tf.reshape(vae_output, [-1]))
recon_loss *= np.prod(self.input_shape, dtype = float)
vae_loss = tf.math.reduce_mean(0.1 * kl_loss + recon_loss)
self.VAE.add_loss(vae_loss)
self.VAE.add_metric(recon_loss, name = 'recon_loss', aggregation='mean') # add the reconstruction loss as an additional viewable metric for performance analysis
# compile the model and load the weights if specified
self.VAE.compile(optimizer='adam')
if self.debug:
self.VAE.summary()
if weights: self.VAE.load_weights(weights)
def train(self, X_train, y_train, yc, epochs):
data = X_train, y_train, yc
train_hist = {}
train_hist['D_losses'] = []
train_hist['G_losses'] = []
train_hist['per_epoch_times'] = []
train_hist['total_ptime'] = []
for epoch in range(epochs):
start = time.time()
real_price, fake_price, loss = self.train_step(data)
G_losses = []
D_losses = []
Real_price = []
Predicted_price = []
D_losses.append(loss['d_loss'].numpy())
G_losses.append(loss['g_loss'].numpy())
Predicted_price.append(fake_price)
Real_price.append(real_price)
# Save the model every 15 epochs
if (epoch + 1) % 15 == 0:
tf.keras.models.save_model(generator, 'gen_GRU_model_%d.h5' % epoch)
self.checkpoint.save(file_prefix=self.checkpoint_prefix)
print('epoch', epoch+1, 'd_loss', loss['d_loss'].numpy(), 'g_loss', loss['g_loss'].numpy())
# For printing loss
epoch_end_time = time.time()
per_epoch_ptime = epoch_end_time - start
train_hist['D_losses'].append(D_losses)
train_hist['G_losses'].append(G_losses)
train_hist['per_epoch_times'].append(per_epoch_ptime)
# Reshape the predicted result & real
Predicted_price = np.array(Predicted_price)
Predicted_price = Predicted_price.reshape(Predicted_price.shape[1], Predicted_price.shape[2])
Real_price = np.array(Real_price)
Real_price = Real_price.reshape(Real_price.shape[1], Real_price.shape[2])
# Plot the loss
plt.plot(train_hist['D_losses'], label='D_loss')
plt.plot(train_hist['G_losses'], label='G_loss')
plt.xlabel('Epoch')
plt.ylabel('Loss')
plt.legend()
plt.show()
plt.savefig('train_loss.png')
print("REAL", Real_price.shape)
print(Real_price)
print("PREDICTED", Predicted_price.shape)
print(Predicted_price)
return Predicted_price, Real_price, np.sqrt(mean_squared_error(Real_price, Predicted_price)) / np.mean(Real_price)
def call(self, inputs, training):
if training is None:
training = K.learning_phase()
masked_inputs = inputs
if training:
if self.noise_std > 0:
masked_inputs = GaussianNoise(self.noise_std)(masked_inputs)
if self.swap_prob > 0:
masked_inputs = SwapNoiseMasker(probs=[self.swap_prob] * self.input_dim,
seed=[self.seed] * 2)(masked_inputs)
if self.mask_prob > 0:
masked_inputs = ZeroNoiseMasker(probs=[self.mask_prob] * self.input_dim,
seed=[self.seed] * 2)(masked_inputs)
x = masked_inputs
encoded_list = []
for encoder in self.encoders:
x = encoder(x)
encoded_list.append(x)
encoded = Concatenate()(encoded_list) if len(encoded_list) > 1 else encoded_list[0]
decoded = self.decoder(encoded)
rec_loss = K.mean(mean_squared_error(inputs, decoded))
self.add_loss(rec_loss)
return encoded, decoded
def _critic_loss(self,returns,critic_logits):
"""The custom loss function for the critic.
Keras always reuqires a fucntion with two parameters y_true (targets) and y_pred (output,logits).
Y_true is what is put in for reference and y_pred is what is defined as model output.
In this case, the y_true is returns and the y_pred is the predicted value which
is given by the critic logits.
"""
return self.VALUE_LOSS_FACTOR * kls.mean_squared_error(returns,critic_logits)
def train_step(model, optimizer, images, labels):
with tf.GradientTape() as tape:
logits = model(images)
loss = losses.mean_squared_error(y_true=labels, y_pred=logits)
gradients = tape.gradient(loss, model.trainable_variables)
optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(gradients, model.trainable_variables))
return loss
def predict(self, data):
data = np.array([data])
predicted_ecg = self.model.predict(data)
loss = mean_squared_error(predicted_ecg, data).numpy()[0][0]
verdict = 'Abnormal ☠' if (loss > self.threshold) else 'Normal ❤️'
to_give = {'loss': loss, 'verdict': verdict}
return to_give
def custom_loss(y_true, y_pred, lambda_r=10):
"""
custom loss function that is a combination of mean squared error and categorical cross entropy loss
"""
reg_loss = lambda_r * mean_squared_error(y_true[:, :1], y_pred[:, :1])
clf_loss = categorical_crossentropy(y_true[:, 1:], y_pred[:, 1:])
return reg_loss + clf_loss
def compute_layer_style_cost(self, layer):
self.layer_model = Model(inputs=VGG.inputs,
outputs=VGG.get_layer(layer).output)
self.a_S = self.layer_model(input_tensor=self.style_img)
self.a_G = self.layer_model(input_tensor=self.generated_img)
self.a_S = self.gram_matrix(self.a_S)
self.a_G = self.gram_matrix(self.a_G)
return mean_squared_error(self.a_S, self.a_G)
def GAN_separation(generators, discriminators, mixture, epochs, **kwargs):
learning_rate = kwargs['learning_rate']
if kwargs['optimizer'] == 'Adam':
optimizer = optimizers.Adam(learning_rate=learning_rate,
beta_1=0.9,
beta_2=0.999)
elif kwargs['optimizer'] == 'RMSprop':
optimizer = optimizers.RMSprop(learning_rate=learning_rate)
result_folder = kwargs['result_folder']
log_dir = result_folder + 'tensorboard/'
summary_writer = tf.summary.create_file_writer(log_dir)
generator_male, generator_female = generators
discriminator_male, discriminator_female = discriminators
generator_male.trainable = False
generator_female.trainable = False
discriminator_male.trainable = False
discriminator_female.trainable = False
target = mixture.mag_mix
h1 = tf.Variable(tf.random.normal([len(target), 513]), trainable=True)
h2 = tf.Variable(tf.random.normal([len(target), 513]), trainable=True)
for epoch in range(epochs):
with tf.GradientTape() as tape:
out1 = generator_male(h1)
out2 = generator_female(h2)
score_m = discriminator_male(out1)
score_f = discriminator_female(out2)
rec_loss = losses.mean_squared_error(mixture.mag_mix, out1 + out2)
rec_loss = tf.reduce_mean(rec_loss)
score_loss = -(score_f + score_m)
score_loss = tf.reduce_mean(score_loss)
smooth_loss = np.abs(out1[1:] - out1[:-1]) + np.abs(out2[1:] -
out2[:-1])
smooth_loss = tf.reduce_mean(smooth_loss)
loss = rec_loss + 0.1 * score_loss + 0.1 * smooth_loss
grads = tape.gradient(loss, [h1, h2])
optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(grads, [h1, h2]))
with summary_writer.as_default():
tf.summary.scalar('rec_loss', float(loss), step=epoch)
tf.summary.scalar('score_loss', float(score_loss), step=epoch)
tf.summary.scalar('smooth_loss', float(smooth_loss), step=epoch)
if epoch % 50 == 0:
print('epoch:', epoch, 'loss:', float(loss), 'rec_loss:',
float(rec_loss), 'score_loss:', float(score_loss),
'smooth_loss:', float(smooth_loss))
out1 = out1.numpy()
out2 = out2.numpy()
eps = finfo(float32).eps
estimated_source_male = out1 / (
(out1 + out2) + eps) * mixture.mag_mix * np.exp(1j * mixture.phase_mix)
estimated_source_female = out2 / (
(out1 + out2) + eps) * mixture.mag_mix * np.exp(1j * mixture.phase_mix)
s1 = librosa.istft(estimated_source_male.transpose(), hop_length=256)
s2 = librosa.istft(estimated_source_female.transpose(), hop_length=256)
return s1, s2
def compute_content_cost(self):
self.content_model = Model(inputs=VGG.inputs,
outputs=VGG.get_layer(
self.content_layer).output)
self.a_C = self.content_model(input_tensor=self.content_img)
self.a_G = self.content_model(input_tensor=self.generated_img)
self.a_C = Flatten()(self.a_C)
self.a_G = Flatten()(self.a_G)
return mean_squared_error(self.a_C, self.a_G)
def train_on_batch(model, optimizer, inputs):
with tf.GradientTape() as tape:
output = model(inputs)
loss = mean_squared_error(output, inputs)
grads = tape.gradient(target=loss, sources=model.trainable_variables)
optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(grads, model.trainable_variables))
return loss
def mae_vgg(y_true, y_pred):
y_true = K.permute_dimensions(y_true, (0, 3, 1, 2))
y_pred = K.permute_dimensions(y_pred, (0, 3, 1, 2))
y_true = K.reshape(y_true, (K.shape(y_true)[0], K.shape(y_true)[1],
K.shape(y_true)[2] * K.shape(y_true)[3]))
y_pred = K.reshape(y_pred, (K.shape(y_pred)[0], K.shape(y_pred)[1],
K.shape(y_pred)[2] * K.shape(y_pred)[3]))
return K.mean(mean_squared_error(y_true, y_pred))
def train_step(self, state_batch, mcts_probs, winner_batch):
with tf.GradientTape() as tape:
winner_batch = tf.cast(winner_batch, dtype=tf.float32)
log_act_probs, values = self.model(state_batch)
critic_loss = tf.reduce_sum(
losses.mean_squared_error(values, winner_batch))
actor_loss = -tf.reduce_mean(mcts_probs * log_act_probs)
loss = critic_loss + actor_loss
grads = tape.gradient(loss, self.model.trainable_variables)
self.optimizer.apply_gradients(
zip(grads, self.model.trainable_variables))
def _create_model(self, shape_X, shape_y):
self.encoder_ = self.get_encoder(input_shape=shape_X,
**self.enc_params)
self.task_ = self.get_task(input_shape=self.encoder_.output_shape[1:],
output_shape=shape_y,
**self.task_params)
input_src = Input(shape_X)
input_tgt = Input(shape_X)
input_task = Input(shape_X)
output_src = Input(shape_y)
input_ones = Input((1, ))
encoded_src = self.encoder_(input_src)
encoded_tgt = self.encoder_(input_tgt)
encoded_task = self.encoder_(input_task)
tasked = self.task_(encoded_task)
compil_params = copy.deepcopy(self.compil_params)
if "loss" in compil_params:
task_loss = K.mean(self.compil_params["loss"](output_src, tasked))
compil_params.pop('loss')
else:
task_loss = K.mean(losses.mean_squared_error(output_src, tasked))
ones_dot_encoded_src = K.dot(K.transpose(input_ones), encoded_src)
corr_src = (1 / (K.sum(input_ones) - 1)) * (
K.dot(K.transpose(encoded_src), encoded_src) -
(1 / K.sum(input_ones)) *
K.dot(K.transpose(ones_dot_encoded_src), ones_dot_encoded_src))
ones_dot_encoded_tgt = K.dot(K.transpose(input_ones), encoded_tgt)
corr_tgt = (1 / (K.sum(input_ones) - 1)) * (
K.dot(K.transpose(encoded_tgt), encoded_tgt) -
(1 / K.sum(input_ones)) *
K.dot(K.transpose(ones_dot_encoded_tgt), ones_dot_encoded_tgt))
corr_loss = (1. / 4.) * K.mean(K.square(corr_src - corr_tgt))
loss = task_loss + self.lambdap * corr_loss
self.model_ = Model(
[input_src, input_tgt, input_task, output_src, input_ones],
[encoded_src, encoded_tgt, tasked],
name="DeepCORAL")
self.model_.add_loss(loss)
if not "optimizer" in compil_params:
compil_params["optimizer"] = "adam"
self.model_.compile(**compil_params)
return self
def ssim_l1_loss(gt, y_pred, max_val=1.0, l1_weight=1.0):
"""
Computes SSIM loss with L1 normalization
@param gt: Ground truth image
@param y_pred: Predicted image
@param max_val: Maximal SSIM value
@param l1_weight: Weight of L1 normalization
@return: SSIM L1 loss
"""
ssim_loss = 1 - tf.reduce_mean(
tf.image.ssim(gt, y_pred, max_val=max_val))
l1 = mean_squared_error(gt, y_pred)
return ssim_loss + tf.cast(l1 * l1_weight, tf.float32)
def _value_loss(self, acts_and_advs, returns):
actions, advantages = tf.split(acts_and_advs, 2, axis=-1)
# actions = tf.one_hot(actions, env.action_space.n)
# toto = actions.numpy()
actions = tf.cast(actions, tf.int32)
actions = tf.one_hot(actions, self.model.num_actions)
# advantages *= actions
# returns *= actions
advantages = returns - returns * actions + advantages * actions
# value loss is typically MSE between value estimates and returns
return self.params['value'] * kls.mean_squared_error(
returns, advantages)
def __init__(self):
self.encoder = self.create_encoder(repr_size)
self.decoder = self.create_decoder(repr_size)
inp = out = Input(shape=(*imgdims, 1))
repr = self.encoder(out)
qtz = Activation('softmax')(repr)
# qtz = Lambda(quantize_fn)(repr) # Puts a 1 at only those positions with the highest value. The rest is 0 so when multiplied by the original will be blank.
# qtz = Lambda(lambda x: K.cast_to_floatx(K.argmax(x)), output_shape=(*imgdims, 1))(repr)
out = self.decoder(qtz)
out = Lambda(lambda x: x * 255)(out)
self.model = Model(inp, [out, repr], name='vae')
self.model.compile(Adam(),
loss=lambda true, out: mean_squared_error(
true, out[0])) # out = (pred, repr)
def _value_loss(self, returns, value):
# value loss is typically MSE between value estimates and returns
return self.params['value']*kls.mean_squared_error(returns, value)