class PowerPlant():
def __init__(self):
self.nw = Network(fluids=['BICUBIC::water'],
p_unit='bar',
T_unit='C',
h_unit='kJ / kg',
iterinfo=False)
# components
# main cycle
eco = HeatExchangerSimple('economizer')
eva = HeatExchangerSimple('evaporator')
sup = HeatExchangerSimple('superheater')
cc = CycleCloser('cycle closer')
hpt = Turbine('high pressure turbine')
sp1 = Splitter('splitter 1', num_out=2)
mpt = Turbine('mid pressure turbine')
sp2 = Splitter('splitter 2', num_out=2)
lpt = Turbine('low pressure turbine')
con = Condenser('condenser')
pu1 = Pump('feed water pump')
fwh1 = Condenser('feed water preheater 1')
fwh2 = Condenser('feed water preheater 2')
dsh = Desuperheater('desuperheater')
me2 = Merge('merge2', num_in=2)
pu2 = Pump('feed water pump 2')
pu3 = Pump('feed water pump 3')
me = Merge('merge', num_in=2)
# cooling water
cwi = Source('cooling water source')
cwo = Sink('cooling water sink')
# connections
# main cycle
cc_hpt = Connection(cc, 'out1', hpt, 'in1', label='feed steam')
hpt_sp1 = Connection(hpt, 'out1', sp1, 'in1', label='extraction1')
sp1_mpt = Connection(sp1, 'out1', mpt, 'in1', state='g')
mpt_sp2 = Connection(mpt, 'out1', sp2, 'in1', label='extraction2')
sp2_lpt = Connection(sp2, 'out1', lpt, 'in1')
lpt_con = Connection(lpt, 'out1', con, 'in1')
con_pu1 = Connection(con, 'out1', pu1, 'in1')
pu1_fwh1 = Connection(pu1, 'out1', fwh1, 'in2')
fwh1_me = Connection(fwh1, 'out2', me, 'in1', state='l')
me_fwh2 = Connection(me, 'out1', fwh2, 'in2', state='l')
fwh2_dsh = Connection(fwh2, 'out2', dsh, 'in2', state='l')
dsh_me2 = Connection(dsh, 'out2', me2, 'in1')
me2_eco = Connection(me2, 'out1', eco, 'in1', state='l')
eco_eva = Connection(eco, 'out1', eva, 'in1')
eva_sup = Connection(eva, 'out1', sup, 'in1')
sup_cc = Connection(sup, 'out1', cc, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(cc_hpt, hpt_sp1, sp1_mpt, mpt_sp2, sp2_lpt, lpt_con,
con_pu1, pu1_fwh1, fwh1_me, me_fwh2, fwh2_dsh,
dsh_me2, me2_eco, eco_eva, eva_sup, sup_cc)
# cooling water
cwi_con = Connection(cwi, 'out1', con, 'in2')
con_cwo = Connection(con, 'out2', cwo, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(cwi_con, con_cwo)
# preheating
sp1_dsh = Connection(sp1, 'out2', dsh, 'in1')
dsh_fwh2 = Connection(dsh, 'out1', fwh2, 'in1')
fwh2_pu2 = Connection(fwh2, 'out1', pu2, 'in1')
pu2_me2 = Connection(pu2, 'out1', me2, 'in2')
sp2_fwh1 = Connection(sp2, 'out2', fwh1, 'in1')
fwh1_pu3 = Connection(fwh1, 'out1', pu3, 'in1')
pu3_me = Connection(pu3, 'out1', me, 'in2')
self.nw.add_conns(sp1_dsh, dsh_fwh2, fwh2_pu2, pu2_me2, sp2_fwh1,
fwh1_pu3, pu3_me)
# busses
# power bus
self.power = Bus('power')
self.power.add_comps({
'comp': hpt,
'char': -1
}, {
'comp': mpt,
'char': -1
}, {
'comp': lpt,
'char': -1
}, {
'comp': pu1,
'char': -1
}, {
'comp': pu2,
'char': -1
}, {
'comp': pu3,
'char': -1
})
# heating bus
self.heat = Bus('heat')
self.heat.add_comps({
'comp': eco,
'char': 1
}, {
'comp': eva,
'char': 1
}, {
'comp': sup,
'char': 1
})
self.nw.add_busses(self.power, self.heat)
# parametrization
# components
hpt.set_attr(eta_s=0.9)
mpt.set_attr(eta_s=0.9)
lpt.set_attr(eta_s=0.9)
pu1.set_attr(eta_s=0.8)
pu2.set_attr(eta_s=0.8)
pu3.set_attr(eta_s=0.8)
eco.set_attr(pr=0.99)
eva.set_attr(pr=0.99)
sup.set_attr(pr=0.99)
con.set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=0.99, ttd_u=5)
fwh1.set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=0.99, ttd_u=5)
fwh2.set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=0.99, ttd_u=5)
dsh.set_attr(pr1=0.99, pr2=0.99)
# connections
eco_eva.set_attr(x=0)
eva_sup.set_attr(x=1)
cc_hpt.set_attr(m=200, T=650, p=100, fluid={'water': 1})
hpt_sp1.set_attr(p=20)
mpt_sp2.set_attr(p=3)
lpt_con.set_attr(p=0.05)
cwi_con.set_attr(T=20, p=10, fluid={'water': 1})
# test run
self.nw.solve('design')
document_model(self.nw)
def calculate_efficiency(self, x):
# set extraction pressure
self.nw.get_conn('extraction1').set_attr(p=x[0])
self.nw.get_conn('extraction2').set_attr(p=x[1])
self.nw.solve('design')
for cp in self.nw.comps['object']:
if isinstance(cp, Condenser) or isinstance(cp, Desuperheater):
if cp.Q.val > 0:
return np.nan
elif isinstance(cp, Pump):
if cp.P.val < 0:
return np.nan
elif isinstance(cp, Turbine):
if cp.P.val > 0:
return np.nan
if self.nw.res[-1] > 1e-3 or self.nw.lin_dep:
return np.nan
else:
return self.nw.busses['power'].P.val / self.nw.busses['heat'].P.val
class TestSEGS:
def setup(self):
"""
Full model validation of SEGS model in TESPy vs. EBSILON.
Find original models at https://github.com/fwitte/SEGS_exergy.
"""
# specification of ambient state
self.pamb = 1.013
self.Tamb = 25
# setting up network
self.nw = Network(fluids=['water', 'INCOMP::TVP1', 'air'])
self.nw.set_attr(T_unit='C',
p_unit='bar',
h_unit='kJ / kg',
m_unit='kg / s',
s_unit="kJ / kgK")
# components definition
air_in = Source('Ambient air source', fkt_group='CW')
air_out = Sink('Ambient air sink', fkt_group='CW')
closer_pt = CycleCloser('Cycle closer pt', fkt_group='SF')
pt = ParabolicTrough('Parabolic trough', fkt_group='SF')
ptpump = Pump('HTF pump', fkt_group='SF')
closer = CycleCloser('Cycle closer power cycle', fkt_group='SG')
eco = HeatExchanger('Economizer', fkt_group='SG')
eva = HeatExchanger('Evaporator', fkt_group='SG')
sup = HeatExchanger('Superheater', fkt_group='SG')
drum = Drum('Drum', fkt_group='SG')
reh = HeatExchanger('Reheater', fkt_group='RH')
hpt1 = Turbine('HP turbine 1', fkt_group='HPT')
hpt2 = Turbine('HP turbine 2', fkt_group='HPT')
lpt1 = Turbine('LP turbine 1', fkt_group='LPT')
lpt2 = Turbine('LP turbine 2', fkt_group='LPT')
lpt3 = Turbine('LP turbine 3', fkt_group='LPT')
lpt4 = Turbine('LP turbine 4', fkt_group='LPT')
lpt5 = Turbine('LP turbine 5', fkt_group='LPT')
cond = Condenser('Condenser', fkt_group='CW')
condpump = Pump('Condenser pump', fkt_group='CW')
fwt = Merge('Feedwater tank', num_in=3, fkt_group='LPP')
fwp = Pump('Feedwater pump', fkt_group='FWP')
cwp = Pump('Cooling water pump', fkt_group='CW')
closer_cw = CycleCloser('Cycle closer cw', fkt_group='CW')
ct = HeatExchanger('Cooling tower', fkt_group='CW')
fan = Compressor('Cooling tower fan', fkt_group='CW')
sp1 = Splitter('Splitter 1', fkt_group='HPT')
sp2 = Splitter('Splitter 2', fkt_group='HPT')
sp3 = Splitter('Splitter 3', fkt_group='LPT')
sp4 = Splitter('Splitter 4', fkt_group='LPT')
sp5 = Splitter('Splitter 5', fkt_group='LPT')
sp6 = Splitter('Splitter 6', fkt_group='LPT')
sp7 = Splitter('Splitter 7', fkt_group='SF')
m1 = Merge('Merge 1', fkt_group='CW')
m2 = Merge('Merge 2', fkt_group='HPP')
m3 = Merge('Merge 3', fkt_group='LPP')
m4 = Merge('Merge 4', fkt_group='LPP')
m5 = Merge('Merge 5', fkt_group='SF')
v1 = Valve('Valve 1', fkt_group='HPP')
v2 = Valve('Valve 2', fkt_group='HPP')
v3 = Valve('Valve 3', fkt_group='LPP')
v4 = Valve('Valve 4', fkt_group='LPP')
v5 = Valve('Valve 5', fkt_group='LPP')
hppre1 = Condenser('High pressure preheater 1', fkt_group='HPP')
hppre2 = Condenser('High pressure preheater 2', fkt_group='HPP')
hppre1_sub = HeatExchanger('High pressure preheater 1 subcooling',
fkt_group='HPP')
hppre2_sub = HeatExchanger('High pressure preheater 2 subcooling',
fkt_group='HPP')
lppre1 = Condenser('Low pressure preheater 1', fkt_group='LPP')
lppre2 = Condenser('Low pressure preheater 2', fkt_group='LPP')
lppre3 = Condenser('Low pressure preheater 3', fkt_group='LPP')
lppre1_sub = HeatExchanger('Low pressure preheater 1 subcooling',
fkt_group='LPP')
lppre2_sub = HeatExchanger('Low pressure preheater 2 subcooling',
fkt_group='LPP')
lppre3_sub = HeatExchanger('Low pressure preheater 3 subcooling',
fkt_group='LPP')
# connections definition
# power cycle
c1 = Connection(sup, 'out2', closer, 'in1', label='1')
c2 = Connection(closer, 'out1', hpt1, 'in1', label='2')
c3 = Connection(hpt1, 'out1', sp1, 'in1', label='3')
c4 = Connection(sp1, 'out1', hpt2, 'in1', label='4')
c5 = Connection(hpt2, 'out1', sp2, 'in1', label='5')
c6 = Connection(sp2, 'out1', reh, 'in2', label='6')
c7 = Connection(reh, 'out2', lpt1, 'in1', label='7')
c8 = Connection(lpt1, 'out1', sp3, 'in1', label='8')
c9 = Connection(sp3, 'out1', lpt2, 'in1', label='9')
c10 = Connection(lpt2, 'out1', sp4, 'in1', label='10')
c11 = Connection(sp4, 'out1', lpt3, 'in1', label='11')
c12 = Connection(lpt3, 'out1', sp5, 'in1', label='12')
c13 = Connection(sp5, 'out1', lpt4, 'in1', label='13')
c14 = Connection(lpt4, 'out1', sp6, 'in1', label='14')
c15 = Connection(sp6, 'out1', lpt5, 'in1', label='15')
c16 = Connection(lpt5, 'out1', m1, 'in1', label='16')
c17 = Connection(m1, 'out1', cond, 'in1', label='17')
c18 = Connection(cond, 'out1', condpump, 'in1', label='18')
c19 = Connection(condpump, 'out1', lppre1, 'in2', label='19')
# c19 = Connection(condpump, 'out1', lppre1_sub, 'in2', label='19')
# c20 = Connection(lppre1_sub, 'out2', lppre1, 'in2', label='20')
c21 = Connection(lppre1, 'out2', lppre2, 'in2', label='21')
# c21 = Connection(lppre1, 'out2', lppre2_sub, 'in2', label='21')
# c22 = Connection(lppre2_sub, 'out2', lppre2, 'in2', label='22')
c23 = Connection(lppre2, 'out2', lppre3, 'in2', label='23')
# c23 = Connection(lppre2, 'out2', lppre3_sub, 'in2', label='23')
# c24 = Connection(lppre3_sub, 'out2', lppre3, 'in2', label='24')
c25 = Connection(lppre3, 'out2', fwt, 'in1', label='25')
c26 = Connection(fwt, 'out1', fwp, 'in1', label='26')
c27 = Connection(fwp, 'out1', hppre1, 'in2', label='27')
c29 = Connection(hppre1, 'out2', hppre2, 'in2', label='29')
c31 = Connection(hppre2, 'out2', eco, 'in2', label='31')
c36 = Connection(sp1, 'out2', hppre2, 'in1', label='36')
c37 = Connection(hppre2, 'out1', v1, 'in1', label='37')
c39 = Connection(v1, 'out1', m2, 'in2', label='39')
c40 = Connection(sp2, 'out2', m2, 'in1', label='40')
c41 = Connection(m2, 'out1', hppre1, 'in1', label='41')
c42 = Connection(hppre1, 'out1', v2, 'in1', label='42')
c44 = Connection(v2, 'out1', fwt, 'in2', label='44')
c45 = Connection(sp3, 'out2', fwt, 'in3', label='45')
c46 = Connection(sp4, 'out2', lppre3, 'in1', label='46')
c47 = Connection(lppre3, 'out1', v3, 'in1', label='47')
# c47 = Connection(lppre3, 'out1', lppre3_sub, 'in1', label='47')
# c48 = Connection(lppre3_sub, 'out1', v3, 'in1', label='48')
c49 = Connection(v3, 'out1', m3, 'in1', label='49')
c50 = Connection(sp5, 'out2', m3, 'in2', label='50')
c51 = Connection(m3, 'out1', lppre2, 'in1', label='51')
c52 = Connection(lppre2, 'out1', v4, 'in1', label='52')
# c52 = Connection(lppre2, 'out1', lppre2_sub, 'in1', label='52')
# c53 = Connection(lppre2_sub, 'out1', v4, 'in1', label='53')
c54 = Connection(v4, 'out1', m4, 'in2', label='54')
c55 = Connection(sp6, 'out2', m4, 'in1', label='55')
c56 = Connection(m4, 'out1', lppre1, 'in1', label='56')
c57 = Connection(lppre1, 'out1', v5, 'in1', label='57')
# c57 = Connection(lppre1, 'out1', lppre1_sub, 'in1', label='57')
# c58 = Connection(lppre1_sub, 'out1', v5, 'in1', label='58')
c59 = Connection(v5, 'out1', m1, 'in2', label='59')
# components from subsystem
c32 = Connection(eco, 'out2', drum, 'in1', label='32')
c33 = Connection(drum, 'out1', eva, 'in2', label='33')
c34 = Connection(eva, 'out2', drum, 'in2', label='34')
c35 = Connection(drum, 'out2', sup, 'in2', label='35')
c73 = Connection(sup, 'out1', eva, 'in1', label='73')
c74 = Connection(eva, 'out1', eco, 'in1', label='74')
# cooling water
c60 = Connection(cond, 'out2', closer_cw, 'in1', label='60')
c61 = Connection(closer_cw, 'out1', ct, 'in1', label='61')
c62 = Connection(ct, 'out1', cwp, 'in1', label='62')
c63 = Connection(cwp, 'out1', cond, 'in2', label='63')
# cooling tower
c64 = Connection(air_in, 'out1', fan, 'in1', label='64')
c65 = Connection(fan, 'out1', ct, 'in2', label='65')
c66 = Connection(ct, 'out2', air_out, 'in1', label='66')
# parabolic trough cycle
c70 = Connection(pt, 'out1', closer_pt, 'in1', label='67')
c71 = Connection(closer_pt, 'out1', sp7, 'in1', label='71')
c72 = Connection(sp7, 'out1', sup, 'in1', label='72')
c75 = Connection(eco, 'out1', m5, 'in1', label='75')
c76 = Connection(sp7, 'out2', reh, 'in1', label='76')
c77 = Connection(reh, 'out1', m5, 'in2', label='77')
c78 = Connection(m5, 'out1', ptpump, 'in1', label='78')
c79 = Connection(ptpump, 'out1', pt, 'in1', label='79')
# add connections to network
self.nw.add_conns(c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7, c8, c9, c10, c11, c12,
c13, c14, c15, c16, c17, c18, c19, c21, c23, c25,
c26, c27, c29, c31, c32, c33, c34, c35, c36, c37,
c39, c40, c41, c42, c44, c45, c46, c47, c49, c50,
c51, c52, c54, c55, c56, c57, c59, c60, c61, c62,
c63, c64, c65, c66, c70, c71, c72, c73, c74, c75,
c76, c77, c78, c79)
# power bus
power = Bus('total output power')
power.add_comps({
'comp': hpt1,
'char': 0.97,
'base': 'component'
}, {
'comp': hpt2,
'char': 0.97,
'base': 'component'
}, {
'comp': lpt1,
'char': 0.97,
'base': 'component'
}, {
'comp': lpt2,
'char': 0.97,
'base': 'component'
}, {
'comp': lpt3,
'char': 0.97,
'base': 'component'
}, {
'comp': lpt4,
'char': 0.97,
'base': 'component'
}, {
'comp': lpt5,
'char': 0.97,
'base': 'component'
}, {
'comp': fwp,
'char': 0.95,
'base': 'bus'
}, {
'comp': condpump,
'char': 0.95,
'base': 'bus'
}, {
'comp': ptpump,
'char': 0.95,
'base': 'bus'
}, {
'comp': cwp,
'char': 0.95,
'base': 'bus'
}, {
'comp': fan,
'char': 0.95,
'base': 'bus'
})
heat_input_bus = Bus('heat input')
heat_input_bus.add_comps({'comp': pt, 'base': 'bus'})
exergy_loss_bus = Bus('exergy loss')
exergy_loss_bus.add_comps({
'comp': air_in,
'base': 'bus'
}, {'comp': air_out})
self.nw.add_busses(power, heat_input_bus, exergy_loss_bus)
# component parameters
pt.set_attr(doc=0.95,
aoi=0,
Tamb=25,
A='var',
eta_opt=0.73,
c_1=0.00496,
c_2=0.000691,
E=1000,
iam_1=1,
iam_2=1)
ptpump.set_attr(eta_s=0.6)
eco.set_attr()
eva.set_attr(ttd_l=5)
sup.set_attr()
hpt1.set_attr(eta_s=0.8376)
hpt2.set_attr(eta_s=0.8463)
lpt1.set_attr(eta_s=0.8623)
lpt2.set_attr(eta_s=0.917)
lpt3.set_attr(eta_s=0.9352)
lpt4.set_attr(eta_s=0.88)
lpt5.set_attr(eta_s=0.6445)
cond.set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=0.9, ttd_u=5)
condpump.set_attr(eta_s=0.7)
fwp.set_attr(eta_s=0.7)
cwp.set_attr(eta_s=0.7)
ct.set_attr(pr1=0.95)
fan.set_attr(eta_s=0.6)
lppre1.set_attr(pr1=1, ttd_u=5)
lppre2.set_attr(pr1=1, ttd_u=5)
lppre3.set_attr(pr1=1, ttd_u=5)
hppre1.set_attr(pr1=1, ttd_u=5)
hppre2.set_attr(pr1=1, ttd_u=5)
lppre1_sub.set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=1, ttd_l=10)
lppre2_sub.set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=1, ttd_l=10)
lppre3_sub.set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=1, ttd_l=10)
hppre1_sub.set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=1, ttd_l=10)
hppre2_sub.set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=1, ttd_l=10)
# connection parameters
# parabolic trough cycle
c70.set_attr(fluid={'TVP1': 1, 'water': 0, 'air': 0}, T=390, p=23.304)
c76.set_attr(m=Ref(c70, 0.1284, 0))
c73.set_attr(p=22.753)
c74.set_attr(p=21.167)
c78.set_attr(p=20.34)
c79.set_attr(p=41.024)
# cooling water
c62.set_attr(fluid={
'TVP1': 0,
'water': 1,
'air': 0
},
T=30,
p=self.pamb)
# cooling tower
c64.set_attr(fluid={
'water': 0,
'TVP1': 0,
'air': 1
},
p=self.pamb,
T=self.Tamb)
c65.set_attr(p=self.pamb + 0.0005)
c66.set_attr(p=self.pamb, T=30)
# power cycle
c32.set_attr(Td_bp=-2)
c34.set_attr(x=0.5)
c1.set_attr(fluid={'water': 1, 'TVP1': 0, 'air': 0}, p=100, T=371)
# steam generator pressure values
c31.set_attr(p=103.56)
c35.set_attr(p=103.42)
# turbine pressure values
c3.set_attr(p=33.61, m=38.969)
c5.set_attr(p=18.58)
c7.set_attr(p=17.1, T=371)
c8.set_attr(p=7.98)
c10.set_attr(p=2.73)
c12.set_attr(p=0.96)
c14.set_attr(p=0.29)
# preheater pressure values
c19.set_attr(p=14.755, state='l')
c21.set_attr(p=9.9975, state='l')
c23.set_attr(p=8.7012, state='l')
c25.set_attr(state='l')
c27.set_attr(p=125)
c29.set_attr(p=112)
# condensation
c16.set_attr(p=0.08)
# feedwater tank
c26.set_attr(x=0)
# a stable solution is generated for parts of the network
self.nw.solve(mode='design')
self.nw.del_conns(c19, c21, c23, c27, c29, c37, c42, c47, c52, c57)
c19 = Connection(condpump, 'out1', lppre1_sub, 'in2', label='19')
c20 = Connection(lppre1_sub, 'out2', lppre1, 'in2', label='20')
c21 = Connection(lppre1, 'out2', lppre2_sub, 'in2', label='21')
c22 = Connection(lppre2_sub, 'out2', lppre2, 'in2', label='22')
c23 = Connection(lppre2, 'out2', lppre3_sub, 'in2', label='23')
c24 = Connection(lppre3_sub, 'out2', lppre3, 'in2', label='24')
c27 = Connection(fwp, 'out1', hppre1_sub, 'in2', label='27')
c28 = Connection(hppre1_sub, 'out2', hppre1, 'in2', label='28')
c29 = Connection(hppre1, 'out2', hppre2_sub, 'in2', label='29')
c30 = Connection(hppre2_sub, 'out2', hppre2, 'in2', label='30')
c37 = Connection(hppre2, 'out1', hppre2_sub, 'in1', label='37')
c38 = Connection(hppre2_sub, 'out1', v1, 'in1', label='38')
c42 = Connection(hppre1, 'out1', hppre1_sub, 'in1', label='42')
c43 = Connection(hppre1_sub, 'out1', v2, 'in1', label='43')
c47 = Connection(lppre3, 'out1', lppre3_sub, 'in1', label='47')
c48 = Connection(lppre3_sub, 'out1', v3, 'in1', label='48')
c52 = Connection(lppre2, 'out1', lppre2_sub, 'in1', label='52')
c53 = Connection(lppre2_sub, 'out1', v4, 'in1', label='53')
c57 = Connection(lppre1, 'out1', lppre1_sub, 'in1', label='57')
c58 = Connection(lppre1_sub, 'out1', v5, 'in1', label='58')
self.nw.add_conns(c19, c20, c21, c22, c23, c24, c27, c28, c29, c30,
c37, c38, c42, c43, c47, c48, c52, c53, c57, c58)
# specification of missing parameters
c19.set_attr(p=14.755)
c21.set_attr(p=9.9975, state='l')
c23.set_attr(p=8.7012, state='l')
c27.set_attr(p=125)
c29.set_attr(p=112)
# solve final state
self.nw.solve(mode='design')
def test_model(self):
"""Test the thermodynamic model."""
power_ebsilon = -31.769
power_tespy = round(self.nw.busses['total output power'].P.val / 1e6,
3)
msg = ('The total power calculated (' + str(power_tespy) +
') does not '
'match the power calculated with the EBSILON model (' +
str(power_ebsilon) + ').')
assert power_tespy == power_ebsilon, msg
T_c79_ebsilon = 296.254
T_c79_tespy = round(self.nw.get_conn('79').T.val, 3)
msg = ('The temperature at connection 79 calculated (' +
str(T_c79_tespy) +
') does not match the temperature calculated '
'with the EBSILON model (' + str(T_c79_ebsilon) + ').')
assert T_c79_tespy == T_c79_ebsilon, msg
def test_exergy_analysis(self):
"""Test the exergy analysis results."""
# carry out exergy analysis
ean = ExergyAnalysis(self.nw,
E_P=[self.nw.busses['total output power']],
E_F=[self.nw.busses['heat input']],
E_L=[self.nw.busses['exergy loss']])
ean.analyse(pamb=self.pamb, Tamb=self.Tamb)
# generate Grassmann diagram
links, nodes = ean.generate_plotly_sankey_input()
# check if exergy product value in links is equal to total power
# output
position = links['target'].index(nodes.index('E_P'))
power_links = round(links['value'][position], 0)
power_bus = round(-self.nw.busses['total output power'].P.val, 0)
msg = ('The exergy product value in the links (' + str(power_links) +
') must be equal to the power on the respective bus (' +
str(power_bus) + ').')
assert power_links == power_bus, msg
class TestCompressedAirOut:
def setup(self):
"""Set up air compressed air turbine."""
self.Tamb = 20
self.pamb = 1
fluids = ['Air']
# turbine part
self.nw = Network(fluids=fluids)
self.nw.set_attr(p_unit='bar', T_unit='C', h_unit='kJ / kg')
# components
cas = Source('compressed air storage')
reheater = HeatExchangerSimple('reheating')
turb = Turbine('turbine')
amb = Sink('air outlet')
# power ouput bus
self.power_out = Bus('power output')
self.power_out.add_comps({'comp': turb, 'char': 1})
# compressed air bus
self.cas_out = Bus('exergy in')
self.cas_out.add_comps({
'comp': cas,
'base': 'bus'
}, {
'comp': reheater,
'base': 'bus'
})
# exergy loss bus
self.ex_loss = Bus('exergy loss')
self.ex_loss.add_comps({'comp': amb, 'base': 'component'})
self.nw.add_busses(self.power_out, self.cas_out)
# create connections
cas_reheater = Connection(cas, 'out1', reheater, 'in1')
reheater_turb = Connection(reheater, 'out1', turb, 'in1')
turb_amb = Connection(turb, 'out1', amb, 'in1', label='outlet')
self.nw.add_conns(cas_reheater, reheater_turb, turb_amb)
# component parameters
turb.set_attr(eta_s=1)
reheater.set_attr(pr=1)
# connection parameters
cas_reheater.set_attr(m=2, T=self.Tamb, p=10, fluid={'Air': 1})
reheater_turb.set_attr()
turb_amb.set_attr(p=self.pamb, T=self.Tamb)
# solve network
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
def test_exergy_analysis_bus_conversion(self):
"""Test exergy analysis at product exergy with T < Tamb."""
ean = ExergyAnalysis(self.nw,
E_P=[self.power_out],
E_F=[self.cas_out],
E_L=[self.ex_loss])
ean.analyse(pamb=self.pamb, Tamb=self.Tamb)
exergy_balance = (ean.network_data.E_F - ean.network_data.E_P -
ean.network_data.E_L - ean.network_data.E_D)
msg = ('Exergy balance must be closed (residual value smaller than ' +
str(err**0.5) + ') for this test but is ' +
str(round(abs(exergy_balance), 4)) + '.')
assert abs(exergy_balance) <= err**0.5, msg
msg = ('Exergy efficiency must be equal to 1.0 for this test but is ' +
str(round(ean.network_data.epsilon, 4)) + '.')
assert round(ean.network_data.epsilon, 4) == 1, msg
c = self.nw.get_conn('outlet')
c.set_attr(T=self.Tamb - 20)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
ean.analyse(pamb=self.pamb, Tamb=self.Tamb)
msg = (
'Exergy destruction must be equal to 0.0 for this test but is ' +
str(round(ean.network_data.E_D, 4)) + '.')
assert round(ean.network_data.E_D, 4) == 0, msg
msg = ('Exergy loss must be equal to ' + str(round(c.Ex_physical, 4)) +
' for this test but is ' + str(round(ean.network_data.E_L, 4)) +
'.')
assert round(ean.network_data.E_L, 4) == round(c.Ex_physical, 4), msg
class PowerPlant():
def __init__(self, working_fluid):
"""Set up model."""
self.working_fluid = working_fluid
fluids = ['water', self.working_fluid, 'air']
self.nw = Network(fluids=fluids)
self.nw.set_attr(p_unit='bar', T_unit='C', h_unit='kJ / kg')
# geo parameters
self.geo_mass_flow = 200
geo_steam_share = 0.1
self.T_brine_in = 140
# ambient parameters
self.T_amb = 5
self.p_amb = 0.6
# main components
geo_steam = Source('geosteam source')
geo_brine = Source('geobrine source')
geo_reinjection = Sink('re-injection')
air_in = Source('air source')
air_out = Sink('air sink')
air_fan = Compressor('air fan')
air_cond = Condenser('condenser')
orc_cc = CycleCloser('orc cycle closer')
evap_splitter = Splitter('splitter evaporation')
evap_merge = Merge('merge evaporation')
evap_steam = Condenser('geosteam evaporator')
evap_brine = HeatExchanger('geobrine evaporator')
dr = Drum('drum')
geo_merge = Merge('merge brine')
pre = HeatExchanger('preheater')
feed_working_fluid_pump = Pump('feed pump')
tur = Turbine('turbine')
ihe = HeatExchanger('internal heat exchanger')
# busses
net_power = Bus('net power output')
net_power.add_comps(
{'comp': tur, 'char': 0.97},
{'comp': feed_working_fluid_pump, 'char': 0.97, 'base': 'bus'},
{'comp': air_fan, 'char': 0.97, 'base': 'bus'}
)
ORC_power_bus = Bus('cycle gross power output')
ORC_power_bus.add_comps(
{'comp': tur}, {'comp': feed_working_fluid_pump}
)
geothermal_bus = Bus('thermal input')
geothermal_bus.add_comps(
{'comp': pre, 'char': -1}, {'comp': evap_brine, 'char': -1},
{'comp': evap_steam, 'char': -1}
)
self.nw.add_busses(net_power, ORC_power_bus, geothermal_bus)
# turbine to condenser
c1 = Connection(orc_cc, 'out1', tur, 'in1', label='1')
c2 = Connection(tur, 'out1', ihe, 'in1', label='2')
c3 = Connection(ihe, 'out1', air_cond, 'in1', label='3')
self.nw.add_conns(c1, c2, c3)
# condenser to steam generator
c4 = Connection(air_cond, 'out1', feed_working_fluid_pump, 'in1', label='4')
c5 = Connection(feed_working_fluid_pump, 'out1', ihe, 'in2', label='5')
self.nw.add_conns(c4, c5)
# steam generator
c6 = Connection(ihe, 'out2', pre, 'in2', label='6')
c7 = Connection(pre, 'out2', dr, 'in1', label='7')
c8 = Connection(dr, 'out1', evap_splitter, 'in1', label='8')
c9 = Connection(evap_splitter, 'out2', evap_steam, 'in2', label='9')
c10 = Connection(evap_steam, 'out2', evap_merge, 'in2', label='10')
c11 = Connection(evap_splitter, 'out1', evap_brine, 'in2', label='11')
c12 = Connection(evap_brine, 'out2', evap_merge, 'in1', label='12')
c13 = Connection(evap_merge, 'out1', dr, 'in2', label='13')
c0 = Connection(dr, 'out2', orc_cc, 'in1', label='0')
self.nw.add_conns(c6, c7, c8, c11, c9, c12, c10, c13, c0)
# condenser cold side
c20 = Connection(air_in, 'out1', air_fan, 'in1', label='20')
c21 = Connection(air_fan, 'out1', air_cond, 'in2', label='21')
c22 = Connection(air_cond, 'out2', air_out, 'in1', label='22')
self.nw.add_conns(c20, c21, c22)
# geo source
c30 = Connection(geo_steam, 'out1', evap_steam, 'in1', label='30')
c31 = Connection(evap_steam, 'out1', geo_merge, 'in1', label='31')
c32 = Connection(geo_brine, 'out1', geo_merge, 'in2', label='32')
c33 = Connection(geo_merge, 'out1', evap_brine, 'in1', label='33')
self.nw.add_conns(c30, c31, c32, c33)
c34 = Connection(evap_brine, 'out1', pre, 'in1', label='34')
c35 = Connection(pre, 'out1', geo_reinjection, 'in1', label='35')
self.nw.add_conns(c34, c35)
# generate a set of stable starting values of every working fluid
# fluid settings
c6.set_attr(fluid={self.working_fluid: 1.0, 'air': 0.0, 'water': 0.0})
c20.set_attr(fluid={self.working_fluid: 0.0, 'air': 1.0, 'water': 0.0})
c30.set_attr(fluid={self.working_fluid: 0.0, 'air': 0.0, 'water': 1.0})
c32.set_attr(fluid={self.working_fluid: 0.0, 'air': 0.0, 'water': 1.0})
# connection parameters
p0 = PSI('P', 'T', self.T_brine_in + 273.15, 'Q', 1, self.working_fluid)
c1.set_attr(p0=p0 / 1e5)
ws_stable_h0 = (
PSI('H', 'T', self.T_amb + 273.15, 'Q', 1, self.working_fluid) +
0.5 * (
PSI('H', 'T', self.T_brine_in + 273.15, 'Q', 1, self.working_fluid) -
PSI('H', 'T', self.T_amb + 273.15, 'Q', 1, self.working_fluid)
)
) / 1e3
c2.set_attr(h=ws_stable_h0)
p0 = PSI('P', 'T', self.T_amb + 273.15, 'Q', 1, self.working_fluid)
c3.set_attr(Td_bp=5, design=['Td_bp'], p0=p0 / 1e5)
c5.set_attr(h=Ref(c4, 1, 1))
# steam generator
c30.set_attr(
m=self.geo_mass_flow * geo_steam_share,
T=self.T_brine_in, x=1, p0=5)
c32.set_attr(
m=self.geo_mass_flow * (1 - geo_steam_share),
T=self.T_brine_in, x=0)
c13.set_attr()
c12.set_attr(x=0.5)
c10.set_attr(x=0.5, design=['x'])
c34.set_attr(h=Ref(c33, 1, -50))
c7.set_attr(Td_bp=-2)
# main condenser
c20.set_attr(p=self.p_amb, T=self.T_amb)
c22.set_attr(T=self.T_amb + 15, p=self.p_amb)
# component parameters
# condensing
ihe.set_attr(pr1=0.98, pr2=0.98)
air_cond.set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=0.995, ttd_u=10)
air_fan.set_attr(eta_s=0.6)
# steam generator
evap_brine.set_attr(pr1=0.98, ttd_l=8)
pre.set_attr(pr1=0.98, pr2=0.98)
self.nw.set_attr(iterinfo=False)
self.nw.solve('design')
self.nw.save('stable_' + self.working_fluid)
# specify actual parameters
tur.set_attr(eta_s=0.9)
feed_working_fluid_pump.set_attr(eta_s=0.75)
c2.set_attr(h=None)
c5.set_attr(h=None)
c34.set_attr(h=None, T=Ref(c33, 1, -10))
self.nw.solve('design')
c22.set_attr(T=None)
c3.set_attr(Td_bp=None)
self.ude_IHE_size = UserDefinedEquation(
label='ihe deshuperheat ratio',
func=desuperheat, deriv=desuperheat_deriv,
latex={
'equation':
r'0 = h_3 - h_2 - x_\mathrm{IHE} \cdot \left(h_3 -'
r'h\left(p_2, T_5 + \Delta T_\mathrm{t,u,min} \right)'
r'\right)'},
conns=[
self.nw.get_conn('2'),
self.nw.get_conn('3'),
self.nw.get_conn('5')],
params={'distance': 0.0, 'ttd_min': 2}
)
if self.nw.lin_dep or self.nw.res[-1] > 1e-3:
msg = 'No stable solution found.'
raise TESPyNetworkError(msg)
print(
'Generated stable starting values for working fluid ' +
self.working_fluid + '.')
def run_simulation(
self, p_before_tur=None, Q_ihe=None, Q_brine_ev=None,
T_before_tur=None, T_reinjection=None, brine_evap_Td=None,
dT_air=None, IHE_sizing=None, geo_steam_share=None):
"""Run simulation on specified parameter set."""
self.nw.get_comp('internal heat exchanger').set_attr(Q=Q_ihe)
self.nw.get_conn('1').set_attr(p=p_before_tur, T=T_before_tur)
self.nw.get_conn('35').set_attr(T=T_reinjection)
self.nw.get_comp('geobrine evaporator').set_attr(Q=Q_brine_ev)
if geo_steam_share is not None:
self.nw.get_conn('30').set_attr(
m=self.geo_mass_flow * geo_steam_share)
self.nw.get_conn('32').set_attr(
m=self.geo_mass_flow * (1 - geo_steam_share))
if brine_evap_Td is not None:
self.nw.get_conn('34').set_attr(
T=Ref(self.nw.get_conn('33'), 1, brine_evap_Td))
else:
self.nw.get_conn('34').set_attr(T=None)
if dT_air is not None:
self.nw.get_conn('22').set_attr(T=Ref(self.nw.get_conn('21'), 1, dT_air))
else:
self.nw.get_conn('22').set_attr(T=None)
if IHE_sizing is None:
if self.ude_IHE_size in self.nw.user_defined_eq.values():
self.nw.del_ude(self.ude_IHE_size)
self.nw.get_comp('internal heat exchanger').set_attr(pr1=0.98, pr2=0.98)
else:
if self.ude_IHE_size not in self.nw.user_defined_eq.values():
self.nw.add_ude(self.ude_IHE_size)
self.ude_IHE_size.params['distance'] = IHE_sizing
if IHE_sizing == 0:
self.nw.get_comp('internal heat exchanger').set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=1)
else:
self.nw.get_comp('internal heat exchanger').set_attr(pr1=0.98, pr2=0.98)
try:
self.nw.solve('design')
# self.nw.print_results()
except ValueError:
self.nw.res = [1]
pass
def check_simulation(self, value):
"""Check if simulation converged."""
if self.nw.lin_dep or self.nw.res[-1] > 1e-3:
self.nw.solve(
'design', init_path='stable_' + self.working_fluid,
init_only=True)
return np.nan
else:
for cp in self.nw.comps['object']:
if isinstance(cp, HeatExchanger):
if cp.Q.val > 0:
print(cp.label)
return np.nan
elif cp.kA.val <= 0 or (np.isnan(cp.kA.val) and cp.Q.val != 0):
print(cp.label)
return np.nan
return value
def get_power(self):
"""Calculate ORC gross power (main cycle only)."""
return self.check_simulation(self.nw.busses['cycle gross power output'].P.val)
def get_net_power(self):
"""Calculate net power."""
return self.check_simulation(self.nw.busses['net power output'].P.val)
def get_thermal_efficiency(self):
"""Calculate thermal efficiency."""
return self.check_simulation(
-self.nw.busses['cycle gross power output'].P.val /
self.nw.busses['thermal input'].P.val)
def get_net_efficiency(self):
"""Calculate net efficiency."""
return self.check_simulation(
-self.nw.busses['net power output'].P.val /
self.nw.busses['thermal input'].P.val)
def get_geosteam_share(self):
"""Return a geosteam share."""
return self.check_simulation(
self.nw.get_conn('geosteam').m.val_SI / self.geo_mass_flow)
def get_connection_param(self, conn, param):
"""Return a connection parameter."""
return self.check_simulation(
self.nw.get_conn(conn).get_attr(param).val)
def get_component_param(self, comp, param):
"""Return a component parameter."""
return self.check_simulation(
self.nw.get_comp(comp).get_attr(param).val)
def get_misc_param(self, param):
"""Get non component or connection parameters."""
if param == 'gross power output':
return self.get_power()
elif param == 'net power output':
return self.get_net_power()
elif param == 'thermal efficiency':
return self.get_thermal_efficiency()
elif param == 'net efficiency':
return self.get_net_efficiency()
elif param == 'IHE sizing factor':
return self.ude_IHE_size.params['distance']
def get_objective_func(self, objective):
"""Return corresponding objective function."""
if objective == 'net power output':
return self.get_net_power
elif objective == 'gross power output':
return self.get_power
else:
msg = (
'Please specify valid objective function: "net power output" '
'or "gross power output".')
raise ValueError(msg)
class TestClausiusRankine:
def setup(self):
"""Set up clausis rankine cycle with turbine driven feed water pump."""
self.Tamb = 20
self.pamb = 1
fluids = ['water']
self.nw = Network(fluids=fluids)
self.nw.set_attr(p_unit='bar', T_unit='C', h_unit='kJ / kg')
# create components
splitter1 = Splitter('splitter 1')
merge1 = Merge('merge 1')
turb = Turbine('turbine')
fwp_turb = Turbine('feed water pump turbine')
condenser = HeatExchangerSimple('condenser')
fwp = Pump('pump')
steam_generator = HeatExchangerSimple('steam generator')
cycle_close = CycleCloser('cycle closer')
# create busses
# power output bus
self.power = Bus('power_output')
self.power.add_comps({'comp': turb, 'char': 1})
# turbine driven feed water pump internal bus
self.fwp_power = Bus('feed water pump power', P=0)
self.fwp_power.add_comps({
'comp': fwp_turb,
'char': 1
}, {
'comp': fwp,
'char': 1,
'base': 'bus'
})
# heat input bus
self.heat = Bus('heat_input')
self.heat.add_comps({'comp': steam_generator, 'base': 'bus'})
self.nw.add_busses(self.power, self.fwp_power, self.heat)
# create connections
fs_in = Connection(cycle_close, 'out1', splitter1, 'in1', label='fs')
fs_fwpt = Connection(splitter1, 'out1', fwp_turb, 'in1')
fs_t = Connection(splitter1, 'out2', turb, 'in1')
fwpt_ws = Connection(fwp_turb, 'out1', merge1, 'in1')
t_ws = Connection(turb, 'out1', merge1, 'in2')
ws = Connection(merge1, 'out1', condenser, 'in1')
cond = Connection(condenser, 'out1', fwp, 'in1', label='cond')
fw = Connection(fwp, 'out1', steam_generator, 'in1', label='fw')
fs_out = Connection(steam_generator, 'out1', cycle_close, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(fs_in, fs_fwpt, fs_t, fwpt_ws, t_ws, ws, cond, fw,
fs_out)
# component parameters
turb.set_attr(eta_s=1)
fwp_turb.set_attr(eta_s=1)
condenser.set_attr(pr=1)
fwp.set_attr(eta_s=1)
steam_generator.set_attr(pr=1)
# connection parameters
fs_in.set_attr(m=10, p=120, T=600, fluid={'water': 1})
cond.set_attr(T=self.Tamb, x=0)
# solve network
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
def test_exergy_analysis_perfect_cycle(self):
"""Test exergy analysis in the perfect clausius rankine cycle."""
ean = ExergyAnalysis(self.nw,
E_P=[self.power],
E_F=[self.heat],
internal_busses=[self.fwp_power])
ean.analyse(pamb=self.pamb, Tamb=self.Tamb)
msg = ('Exergy destruction of this network must be 0 (smaller than ' +
str(err**0.5) + ') for this test but is ' +
str(round(abs(ean.network_data.E_D), 4)) + ' .')
assert abs(ean.network_data.E_D) <= err**0.5, msg
msg = ('Exergy efficiency of this network must be 1 for this test but '
'is ' + str(round(ean.network_data.epsilon, 4)) + ' .')
assert round(ean.network_data.epsilon, 4) == 1, msg
exergy_balance = (ean.network_data.E_F - ean.network_data.E_P -
ean.network_data.E_L - ean.network_data.E_D)
msg = ('Exergy balance must be closed (residual value smaller than ' +
str(err**0.5) + ') for this test but is ' +
str(round(abs(exergy_balance), 4)) + ' .')
assert abs(exergy_balance) <= err**0.5, msg
msg = (
'Fuel exergy and product exergy must be identical for this test. '
'Fuel exergy value: ' + str(round(ean.network_data.E_F, 4)) +
'. Product exergy value: ' + str(round(ean.network_data.E_P, 4)) +
'.')
delta = round(abs(ean.network_data.E_F - ean.network_data.E_P), 4)
assert delta < err**0.5, msg
def test_exergy_analysis_plotting_data(self):
"""Test exergy analysis plotting."""
self.nw.get_comp('steam generator').set_attr(pr=0.9)
self.nw.get_comp('turbine').set_attr(eta_s=0.9)
self.nw.get_comp('feed water pump turbine').set_attr(eta_s=0.85)
self.nw.get_comp('pump').set_attr(eta_s=0.75)
self.nw.get_conn('cond').set_attr(T=self.Tamb + 3)
# specify efficiency values for the internal bus and power bus
self.nw.del_busses(self.fwp_power, self.power)
self.fwp_power = Bus('feed water pump power', P=0)
self.fwp_power.add_comps(
{
'comp': self.nw.get_comp('feed water pump turbine'),
'char': 0.99
}, {
'comp': self.nw.get_comp('pump'),
'char': 0.98,
'base': 'bus'
})
self.power = Bus('power_output')
self.power.add_comps({
'comp': self.nw.get_comp('turbine'),
'char': 0.98
})
self.nw.add_busses(self.fwp_power, self.power)
# solve network
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
ean = ExergyAnalysis(self.nw,
E_P=[self.power],
E_F=[self.heat],
internal_busses=[self.fwp_power])
ean.analyse(pamb=self.pamb, Tamb=self.Tamb)
exergy_balance = (ean.network_data.E_F - ean.network_data.E_P -
ean.network_data.E_L - ean.network_data.E_D)
msg = ('Exergy balance must be closed (residual value smaller than ' +
str(err**0.5) + ') for this test but is ' +
str(round(abs(exergy_balance), 4)) + ' .')
assert abs(exergy_balance) <= err**0.5, msg
nodes = [
'E_F', 'steam generator', 'splitter 1', 'feed water pump turbine',
'turbine', 'merge 1', 'condenser', 'pump', 'E_D', 'E_P'
]
links, nodes = ean.generate_plotly_sankey_input(node_order=nodes)
# checksum for targets and source
checksum = sum(links['target'] + links['source'])
msg = ('The checksum of all target and source values in the link lists'
'must be 148, but is ' + str(checksum) + '.')
assert 148 == checksum, msg
def test_exergy_analysis_violated_balance(self):
"""Test exergy analysis with violated balance."""
# specify efficiency values for the internal bus
self.nw.del_busses(self.fwp_power)
self.fwp_power = Bus('feed water pump power', P=0)
self.fwp_power.add_comps(
{
'comp': self.nw.get_comp('feed water pump turbine'),
'char': 0.99
}, {
'comp': self.nw.get_comp('pump'),
'char': 0.98,
'base': 'bus'
})
self.nw.add_busses(self.fwp_power)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
# miss out on internal bus in exergy_analysis
ean = ExergyAnalysis(self.nw, E_P=[self.power], E_F=[self.heat])
ean.analyse(pamb=self.pamb, Tamb=self.Tamb)
exergy_balance = (ean.network_data.E_F - ean.network_data.E_P -
ean.network_data.E_L - ean.network_data.E_D)
msg = ('Exergy balance must be violated for this test (larger than ' +
str(err**0.5) + ') but is ' +
str(round(abs(exergy_balance), 4)) + ' .')
assert abs(exergy_balance) > err**0.5, msg
def test_exergy_analysis_bus_conversion(self):
"""Test exergy analysis bus conversion factors."""
# specify efficiency values for the internal bus
self.nw.del_busses(self.fwp_power)
self.fwp_power = Bus('feed water pump power', P=0)
self.fwp_power.add_comps(
{
'comp': self.nw.get_comp('feed water pump turbine'),
'char': 0.99
}, {
'comp': self.nw.get_comp('pump'),
'char': 0.98,
'base': 'bus'
})
self.nw.add_busses(self.fwp_power)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
# no exergy losses in this case
ean = ExergyAnalysis(self.nw,
E_P=[self.power],
E_F=[self.heat],
internal_busses=[self.fwp_power])
ean.analyse(pamb=self.pamb, Tamb=self.Tamb)
label = 'pump'
eps = ean.bus_data.loc[label, 'epsilon']
msg = ('Pump exergy efficiency must be 0.98 but is ' +
str(round(eps, 4)) + ' .')
assert round(eps, 4) == 0.98, msg
label = 'feed water pump turbine'
eps = ean.bus_data.loc[label, 'epsilon']
msg = (
'Feed water pump turbine exergy efficiency must be 0.99 but is ' +
str(round(eps, 4)) + ' .')
assert round(eps, 4) == 0.99, msg
def test_exergy_analysis_missing_E_F_E_P_information(self):
"""Test exergy analysis errors with missing information."""
with raises(TESPyNetworkError):
ExergyAnalysis(self.nw, E_P=[self.power], E_F=[])
with raises(TESPyNetworkError):
ExergyAnalysis(self.nw, E_P=[], E_F=[self.heat])
def test_exergy_analysis_component_on_two_busses(self):
"""Test exergy analysis errors with components on more than one bus."""
with raises(TESPyNetworkError):
ean = ExergyAnalysis(self.nw,
E_P=[self.power],
E_F=[self.heat, self.power])
ean.analyse(pamb=self.pamb, Tamb=self.Tamb)
class TestReactors:
def setup(self):
"""Set up network for electrolyzer tests."""
self.nw = Network(['O2', 'H2', 'H2O'], T_unit='C', p_unit='bar')
self.instance = WaterElectrolyzer('electrolyzer')
fw = Source('feed water')
cw_in = Source('cooling water')
o2 = Sink('oxygen sink')
h2 = Sink('hydrogen sink')
cw_out = Sink('cooling water sink')
self.instance.set_attr(pr=0.99, eta=1)
cw_el = Connection(cw_in,
'out1',
self.instance,
'in1',
fluid={
'H2O': 1,
'H2': 0,
'O2': 0
},
T=20,
p=1)
el_cw = Connection(self.instance, 'out1', cw_out, 'in1', T=45)
self.nw.add_conns(cw_el, el_cw)
fw_el = Connection(fw, 'out1', self.instance, 'in2', label='h2o')
el_o2 = Connection(self.instance, 'out2', o2, 'in1')
el_h2 = Connection(self.instance, 'out3', h2, 'in1', label='h2')
self.nw.add_conns(fw_el, el_o2, el_h2)
def test_WaterElectrolyzer(self):
"""Test component properties of water electrolyzer."""
# check bus function:
# power output on component and bus must be indentical
self.nw.get_conn('h2o').set_attr(T=25, p=1)
self.nw.get_conn('h2').set_attr(T=25)
power = Bus('power')
power.add_comps({'comp': self.instance, 'param': 'P', 'base': 'bus'})
power.set_attr(P=2.5e6)
self.nw.add_busses(power)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of power must be ' + str(power.P.val) + ', is ' +
str(self.instance.P.val) + '.')
assert round(power.P.val, 1) == round(self.instance.P.val), msg
# effieciency was set to 100 % with inlet and outlet states of the
# reaction educts and products beeing identical to reference state
# therefore Q must be equal to 0
msg = ('Value of heat output must be 0.0, is ' +
str(self.instance.Q.val) + '.')
assert round(self.instance.Q.val, 4) == 0.0, msg
# reset power, change efficiency value and specify heat bus value
power.set_attr(P=np.nan)
self.nw.get_conn('h2o').set_attr(T=25, p=1)
self.nw.get_conn('h2').set_attr(T=50)
self.instance.set_attr(eta=0.8)
# check bus function:
# heat output on component and bus must be indentical
heat = Bus('heat')
heat.add_comps({'comp': self.instance, 'param': 'Q'})
heat.set_attr(P=-8e5)
self.nw.add_busses(heat)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of heat flow must be ' + str(heat.P.val) + ', is ' +
str(self.instance.Q.val) + '.')
assert round(heat.P.val, 1) == round(self.instance.Q.val), msg
self.nw.save('tmp')
# check bus function:
# heat output on component and bus must identical (offdesign test)
Q = heat.P.val * 0.9
heat.set_attr(P=Q)
self.nw.solve('offdesign', design_path='tmp')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of heat flow must be ' + str(Q) + ', is ' +
str(self.instance.Q.val) + '.')
assert round(Q, 1) == round(self.instance.Q.val), msg
# delete both busses again
self.nw.del_busses(heat, power)
# test efficiency vs. specific energy consumption
self.nw.get_conn('h2').set_attr(m=0.1)
self.instance.set_attr(eta=0.9, e='var')
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of efficiency must be ' + str(self.instance.eta.val) +
', is ' + str(self.instance.e0 / self.instance.e.val) + '.')
eta = round(self.instance.eta.val, 2)
eta_calc = round(self.instance.e0 / self.instance.e.val, 2)
assert eta == eta_calc, msg
# test efficiency value > 1, Q must be larger than 0
e = 130e6
self.instance.set_attr(e=np.nan, eta=np.nan)
self.instance.set_attr(e=e)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
# test efficiency
msg = ('Value of efficiency must be ' + str(self.instance.e0 / e) +
', is ' + str(self.instance.eta.val) + '.')
eta = round(self.instance.e0 / e, 2)
eta_calc = round(self.instance.eta.val, 2)
assert eta == eta_calc, msg
# test Q
msg = ('Value of heat must be larger than zero, is ' +
str(self.instance.Q.val) + '.')
assert self.instance.Q.val > 0, msg
# test specific energy consumption
e = 150e6
self.instance.set_attr(e=np.nan, eta=np.nan)
self.instance.set_attr(e=e)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of specific energy consumption e must be ' + str(e) +
', is ' + str(self.instance.e.val) + '.')
assert round(e, 1) == round(self.instance.e.val, 1), msg
# test cooling loop pressure ratio, zeta as variable value
pr = 0.95
self.instance.set_attr(pr=pr,
e=None,
eta=None,
zeta='var',
P=2e7,
design=['pr'])
self.nw.solve('design')
shutil.rmtree('./tmp', ignore_errors=True)
self.nw.save('tmp')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of pressure ratio must be ' + str(pr) + ', is ' +
str(self.instance.pr.val) + '.')
assert round(pr, 2) == round(self.instance.pr.val, 2), msg
# use zeta as offdesign parameter, at design point pressure
# ratio must not change
self.instance.set_attr(zeta=np.nan, offdesign=['zeta'])
self.nw.solve('offdesign', design_path='tmp')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of pressure ratio must be ' + str(pr) + ', is ' +
str(self.instance.pr.val) + '.')
assert round(pr, 2) == round(self.instance.pr.val, 2), msg
# test heat output specification in offdesign mode
Q = self.instance.Q.val * 0.9
self.instance.set_attr(Q=Q, P=np.nan)
self.nw.solve('offdesign', design_path='tmp')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of heat must be ' + str(Q) + ', is ' +
str(self.instance.Q.val) + '.')
assert round(Q, 0) == round(self.instance.Q.val, 0), msg
shutil.rmtree('./tmp', ignore_errors=True)
class TestGasturbine:
def setup_CombustionChamber_model(self):
"""Set up the model using the combustion chamber."""
# %% network setup
fluid_list = ['Ar', 'N2', 'O2', 'CO2', 'CH4', 'H2O']
self.nw1 = Network(fluids=fluid_list,
p_unit='bar',
T_unit='C',
p_range=[0.5, 20])
# %% components
amb = Source('ambient')
sf = Source('fuel')
cc = CombustionChamber('combustion')
cp = Compressor('compressor')
gt = Turbine('turbine')
fg = Sink('flue gas outlet')
# %% connections
amb_cp = Connection(amb, 'out1', cp, 'in1')
cp_cc = Connection(cp, 'out1', cc, 'in1')
sf_cc = Connection(sf, 'out1', cc, 'in2')
cc_gt = Connection(cc, 'out1', gt, 'in1', label='flue gas after cc')
gt_fg = Connection(gt, 'out1', fg, 'in1', label='flue gas after gt')
self.nw1.add_conns(amb_cp, cp_cc, sf_cc, cc_gt, gt_fg)
# %% component parameters
cc.set_attr(lamb=3)
cp.set_attr(eta_s=0.9, pr=15)
gt.set_attr(eta_s=0.9)
# %% connection parameters
amb_cp.set_attr(T=20,
p=1,
m=100,
fluid={
'Ar': 0.0129,
'N2': 0.7553,
'H2O': 0,
'CH4': 0,
'CO2': 0.0004,
'O2': 0.2314
})
sf_cc.set_attr(T=20,
fluid={
'CO2': 0.04,
'Ar': 0,
'N2': 0,
'O2': 0,
'H2O': 0,
'CH4': 0.96
})
gt_fg.set_attr(p=1)
# %% solving
mode = 'design'
self.nw1.solve(mode=mode)
def setup_CombustionChamberStoich_model(self):
"""Set up the model using the stoichimetric combustion chamber."""
# %% network setup
fluid_list = ['myAir', 'myFuel', 'myFuel_fg']
self.nw2 = Network(fluids=fluid_list,
p_unit='bar',
T_unit='C',
p_range=[0.5, 20],
T_range=[10, 2000])
# %% components
amb = Source('ambient')
sf = Source('fuel')
cc = CombustionChamberStoich('combustion')
cp = Compressor('compressor')
gt = Turbine('turbine')
fg = Sink('flue gas outlet')
# %% connections
amb_cp = Connection(amb, 'out1', cp, 'in1')
cp_cc = Connection(cp, 'out1', cc, 'in1')
sf_cc = Connection(sf, 'out1', cc, 'in2')
cc_gt = Connection(cc, 'out1', gt, 'in1', label='flue gas after cc')
gt_fg = Connection(gt, 'out1', fg, 'in1', label='flue gas after gt')
self.nw2.add_conns(amb_cp, cp_cc, sf_cc, cc_gt, gt_fg)
# %% component parameters
cc.set_attr(fuel={
'CH4': 0.96,
'CO2': 0.04
},
air={
'Ar': 0.0129,
'N2': 0.7553,
'CO2': 0.0004,
'O2': 0.2314
},
fuel_alias='myFuel',
air_alias='myAir',
lamb=3)
cp.set_attr(eta_s=0.9, pr=15)
gt.set_attr(eta_s=0.9)
# %% connection parameters
amb_cp.set_attr(T=20,
p=1,
m=100,
fluid={
'myAir': 1,
'myFuel': 0,
'myFuel_fg': 0
})
sf_cc.set_attr(T=20, fluid={'myAir': 0, 'myFuel': 1, 'myFuel_fg': 0})
gt_fg.set_attr(p=1)
# %% solving
self.nw2.solve(mode='design')
def test_models(self):
"""Tests the results of both gas turbine models."""
self.setup_CombustionChamber_model()
self.setup_CombustionChamberStoich_model()
m1 = round(self.nw1.get_conn('flue gas after cc').m.val, 6)
m2 = round(self.nw2.get_conn('flue gas after cc').m.val, 6)
msg = ('The outlet mass flow of the combustion chamber model is ' +
str(m1) +
' while the outlet mass flow of the combustion chamber '
'stoich model is ' + str(m2) + '. Both values should match.')
assert m1 == m2, msg
T1 = self.nw1.get_conn('flue gas after cc').T.val_SI
T2 = self.nw2.get_conn('flue gas after cc').T.val_SI
d_rel = abs(T2 - T1) / T1
msg = ('The relative deviation in temperature after combustion is ' +
str(d_rel) + ' with a maximum allowed value of 1e-3.')
assert d_rel <= 1e-3, msg
T1 = self.nw1.get_conn('flue gas after gt').T.val_SI
T2 = self.nw2.get_conn('flue gas after gt').T.val_SI
d_rel = abs(T2 - T1) / T1
msg = ('The relative deviation in temperature after the turbine is ' +
str(d_rel) + ' with a maximum allowed value of 1e-3.')
assert d_rel <= 1e-3, msg
shutil.rmtree('LUT', ignore_errors=True)
class TestExpansion:
def setup(self):
self.Tamb = 20
self.pamb = 1
fluids = ['Air']
# turbine part
self.nw = Network(fluids=fluids)
self.nw.set_attr(p_unit='bar', T_unit='C', h_unit='kJ / kg')
# components
so = Source('inlet')
tu = Turbine('compressor')
si = Sink('outlet')
# fuel exergy bus
self.exergy_fuel = Bus('fuel exergy')
self.exergy_fuel.add_comps({'comp': si}, {'comp': so, 'base': 'bus'})
# product exergy bus
self.exergy_prod = Bus('product exergy')
self.exergy_prod.add_comps({'comp': tu, 'char': 0.9})
# create connections
c1 = Connection(so, 'out1', tu, 'in1', '1')
c2 = Connection(tu, 'out1', si, 'in1', '2')
self.nw.add_conns(c1, c2)
# component parameters
tu.set_attr(eta_s=0.85, pr=1 / 5)
# connection parameters
c1.set_attr(m=2, p=10, fluid={'Air': 1})
c2.set_attr(T=self.Tamb)
# solve network
self.nw.solve('design')
def test_larger_T0(self):
self.nw.get_conn('2').set_attr(T=self.Tamb + 10)
self.nw.solve('design')
self.run_analysis()
def test_T0_cross(self):
self.nw.get_conn('2').set_attr(T=self.Tamb - 30)
self.nw.solve('design')
self.run_analysis()
def test_smaller_T0(self):
self.nw.get_conn('1').set_attr(T=self.Tamb - 10)
self.nw.get_conn('2').set_attr(T=None)
self.nw.solve('design')
self.run_analysis()
def run_analysis(self):
ean = ExergyAnalysis(self.nw,
E_P=[self.exergy_prod],
E_F=[self.exergy_fuel])
ean.analyse(pamb=self.pamb, Tamb=self.Tamb)
exergy_balance = (ean.network_data.E_F - ean.network_data.E_P -
ean.network_data.E_L - ean.network_data.E_D)
msg = ('Exergy balance must be closed (residual value smaller than ' +
str(err**0.5) + ') for this test but is ' +
str(round(abs(exergy_balance), 4)) + '.')
assert abs(exergy_balance) <= err**0.5, msg
E_D_agg = ean.aggregation_data['E_D'].sum()
E_D_nw = ean.network_data.loc['E_D']
msg = ('The exergy destruction of the aggregated components and '
'respective busses (' + str(round(E_D_agg)) +
') must be equal to '
'the exergy destruction of the network (' + str(round(E_D_nw)) +
').')
assert E_D_agg == E_D_nw, msg
class TestBusses:
def setup(self):
"""Set up the model."""
# %% network setup
fluid_list = ['Ar', 'N2', 'O2', 'CO2', 'CH4', 'H2O']
self.nw = Network(fluids=fluid_list,
p_unit='bar',
T_unit='C',
p_range=[0.5, 20])
# %% components
amb = Source('ambient')
sf = Source('fuel')
cc = CombustionChamber('combustion')
cp = Compressor('compressor')
gt = Turbine('turbine')
fg = Sink('flue gas outlet')
# %% connections
amb_cp = Connection(amb, 'out1', cp, 'in1', label='ambient air flow')
cp_cc = Connection(cp, 'out1', cc, 'in1')
sf_cc = Connection(sf, 'out1', cc, 'in2')
cc_gt = Connection(cc, 'out1', gt, 'in1')
gt_fg = Connection(gt, 'out1', fg, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(amb_cp, cp_cc, sf_cc, cc_gt, gt_fg)
# %% component parameters
cc.set_attr(lamb=3)
cp.set_attr(eta_s=0.9, pr=15)
gt.set_attr(eta_s=0.9)
# %% connection parameters
amb_cp.set_attr(T=20,
p=1,
m=100,
fluid={
'Ar': 0.0129,
'N2': 0.7553,
'H2O': 0,
'CH4': 0,
'CO2': 0.0004,
'O2': 0.2314
})
sf_cc.set_attr(T=20,
fluid={
'CO2': 0.04,
'Ar': 0,
'N2': 0,
'O2': 0,
'H2O': 0,
'CH4': 0.96
})
gt_fg.set_attr(p=1)
# motor efficiency
x = np.array([
0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55,
0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95, 1, 1.05, 1.1, 1.15,
1.2, 10
])
y = np.array([
0.01, 0.3148, 0.5346, 0.6843, 0.7835, 0.8477, 0.8885, 0.9145,
0.9318, 0.9443, 0.9546, 0.9638, 0.9724, 0.9806, 0.9878, 0.9938,
0.9982, 0.999, 0.9995, 0.9999, 1, 0.9977, 0.9947, 0.9909, 0.9853,
0.9644
]) * 0.975
self.motor_bus_based = CharLine(x=x, y=y)
self.motor_comp_based = CharLine(x=x, y=1 / y)
# generator efficiency
x = np.array([
0.100, 0.345, 0.359, 0.383, 0.410, 0.432, 0.451, 0.504, 0.541,
0.600, 0.684, 0.805, 1.000, 1.700, 10
])
y = np.array([
0.976, 0.989, 0.990, 0.991, 0.992, 0.993, 0.994, 0.995, 0.996,
0.997, 0.998, 0.999, 1.000, 0.999, 0.99
]) * 0.975
self.generator = CharLine(x=x, y=y)
power_bus_total = Bus('total power output')
power_bus_total.add_comps(
{
'comp': cp,
'char': self.motor_bus_based,
'base': 'bus'
}, {
'comp': gt,
'char': self.generator
})
thermal_input = Bus('thermal input')
thermal_input.add_comps({'comp': cc})
compressor_power_comp = Bus('compressor power input')
compressor_power_comp.add_comps({
'comp': cp,
'char': self.motor_comp_based
})
compressor_power_bus = Bus('compressor power input bus based')
compressor_power_bus.add_comps({
'comp': cp,
'char': self.motor_bus_based,
'base': 'bus'
})
self.nw.add_busses(power_bus_total, thermal_input,
compressor_power_comp, compressor_power_bus)
# %% solving
self.nw.solve('design')
self.nw.save('tmp')
def test_model(self):
"""Test the bus functionalities in a gas turbine model."""
tpo = self.nw.busses['total power output']
ti = self.nw.busses['thermal input']
cpi = self.nw.busses['compressor power input']
cpibb = self.nw.busses['compressor power input bus based']
cp = self.nw.get_comp('compressor')
gt = self.nw.get_comp('turbine')
cc = self.nw.get_comp('combustion')
# test results of design case
eta_cpi = round(1 / cp.calc_bus_efficiency(cpi), 6)
eta_cp_tpo = round(cp.calc_bus_efficiency(tpo), 6)
msg = ('The efficiency value of the compressor on the bus ' +
tpo.label + ' (' + str(eta_cp_tpo) +
') must be identical to the efficiency '
'on the bus ' + cpi.label + ' (' + str(eta_cpi) + ').')
assert eta_cp_tpo == eta_cpi, msg
P_cp_tpo = cp.calc_bus_value(tpo)
eta_cp_tpo = cp.calc_bus_efficiency(tpo)
P_cp = round(P_cp_tpo * eta_cp_tpo, 0)
msg = ('The compressor power must be ' + str(round(cp.P.val, 0)) +
' on '
'the bus ' + tpo.label + ' but is ' + str(P_cp) + ').')
assert round(cp.P.val, 0) == P_cp, msg
P_cp_tpo = round(
cp.calc_bus_value(tpo) * cp.calc_bus_efficiency(tpo), 0)
P_cp_cpi = round(
cp.calc_bus_value(cpi) / cp.calc_bus_efficiency(cpi), 0)
P_cp_cpibb = round(
cp.calc_bus_value(cpibb) * cp.calc_bus_efficiency(cpibb), 0)
msg = (
'The busses\' component power value for the compressor on bus ' +
tpo.label + ' (' + str(P_cp_tpo) + ') must be equal to the '
'component power on all other busses. Bus ' + cpi.label + ' (' +
str(P_cp_cpi) + ') and bus ' + cpibb.label + ' (' +
str(P_cp_cpibb) + ').')
assert P_cp_tpo == P_cp_cpi and P_cp_tpo == P_cp_cpibb, msg
eta_gt_tpo = gt.calc_bus_efficiency(tpo)
msg = ('The efficiency value of the turbine on the bus ' + tpo.label +
' (' + str(eta_gt_tpo) + ') must be equal to 0.975.')
assert eta_gt_tpo == 0.975, msg
eta_ti = cc.calc_bus_efficiency(ti)
msg = ('The efficiency value of the combustion chamber on the bus ' +
ti.label + ' (' + str(eta_ti) + ') must be equal to 1.0.')
assert eta_ti == 1.0, msg
# test partload for bus functions
# first test in identical conditions
self.nw.get_conn('ambient air flow').set_attr(m=None)
P_design = cpibb.P.val
cpibb.set_attr(P=P_design)
self.nw.solve('offdesign', design_path='tmp')
eta_cpi = round(1 / cp.calc_bus_efficiency(cpi), 6)
eta_cp_tpo = round(cp.calc_bus_efficiency(tpo), 6)
msg = ('The efficiency value of the compressor on the bus ' +
tpo.label + ' (' + str(eta_cp_tpo) +
') must be identical to the efficiency '
'on the bus ' + cpi.label + ' (' + str(eta_cpi) + ').')
assert eta_cp_tpo == eta_cpi, msg
eta_gt_tpo = gt.calc_bus_efficiency(tpo)
msg = ('The efficiency value of the turbine on the bus ' + tpo.label +
' (' + str(eta_gt_tpo) + ') must be equal to 0.975.')
assert eta_gt_tpo == 0.975, msg
P_cp_tpo = round(
cp.calc_bus_value(tpo) * cp.calc_bus_efficiency(tpo), 0)
P_cp_cpi = round(
cp.calc_bus_value(cpi) / cp.calc_bus_efficiency(cpi), 0)
P_cp_cpibb = round(
cp.calc_bus_value(cpibb) * cp.calc_bus_efficiency(cpibb), 0)
msg = (
'The busses\' component power value for the compressor on bus ' +
tpo.label + ' (' + str(P_cp_tpo) + ') must be equal to the '
'component power on all other busses. Bus ' + cpi.label + ' (' +
str(P_cp_cpi) + ') and bus ' + cpibb.label + ' (' +
str(P_cp_cpibb) + ').')
assert P_cp_tpo == P_cp_cpi and P_cp_tpo == P_cp_cpibb, msg
# 60 % load
load = 0.6
cpibb.set_attr(P=P_design * load)
self.nw.solve('offdesign', design_path='tmp')
eta_cp_tpo = round(cp.calc_bus_efficiency(tpo), 6)
eta_cp_char = self.motor_bus_based.evaluate(load)
msg = ('The efficiency value of the compressor on the bus ' +
tpo.label + ' (' + str(eta_cp_tpo) +
') must be identical to the efficiency '
'on the characteristic line (' + str(eta_cp_char) + ').')
assert eta_cp_tpo == eta_cp_char, msg
load_frac = round(
cp.calc_bus_value(tpo) / tpo.comps.loc[cp, 'P_ref'], 6)
msg = ('The load fraction value of the compressor on the bus ' +
tpo.label + ' (' + str(load_frac) +
') must be identical to the '
'load fraction value on the bus ' + cpibb.label + ' (' +
str(load) + ').')
assert load == load_frac, msg
eta_cpi = round(1 / cp.calc_bus_efficiency(cpi), 6)
eta_cp_tpo = round(cp.calc_bus_efficiency(tpo), 6)
msg = ('The efficiency value of the compressor on the bus ' +
tpo.label + ' (' + str(eta_cp_tpo) +
') must be higher than the efficiency '
'on the bus ' + cpi.label + ' (' + str(eta_cpi) + ').')
assert eta_cp_tpo > eta_cpi, msg
P_cp_tpo = round(
cp.calc_bus_value(tpo) * cp.calc_bus_efficiency(tpo), 0)
P_cp_cpi = round(
cp.calc_bus_value(cpi) / cp.calc_bus_efficiency(cpi), 0)
P_cp_cpibb = round(
cp.calc_bus_value(cpibb) * cp.calc_bus_efficiency(cpibb), 0)
msg = (
'The busses\' component power value for the compressor on bus ' +
tpo.label + ' (' + str(P_cp_tpo) + ') must be equal to the '
'component power on all other busses. Bus ' + cpi.label + ' (' +
str(P_cp_cpi) + ') and bus ' + cpibb.label + ' (' +
str(P_cp_cpibb) + ').')
assert P_cp_tpo == P_cp_cpi and P_cp_tpo == P_cp_cpibb, msg
shutil.rmtree('tmp', ignore_errors=True)
