def test_verify_features_finds_no_missing_features_when_none_are_missing():
np.random.seed(0)
df_titanic_train, df_titanic_test = utils.get_titanic_binary_classification_dataset(
)
column_descriptions = {
'survived': 'output',
'sex': 'categorical',
'embarked': 'categorical',
'pclass': 'categorical'
}
ml_predictor = Predictor(type_of_estimator='classifier',
column_descriptions=column_descriptions)
ml_predictor.train(df_titanic_train, verify_features=True)
file_name = ml_predictor.save(str(random.random()))
with open(file_name, 'rb') as read_file:
saved_ml_pipeline = dill.load(read_file)
os.remove(file_name)
missing_features = saved_ml_pipeline.named_steps[
'final_model'].verify_features(df_titanic_test)
print('missing_features')
print(missing_features)
print("len(missing_features['prediction_not_training'])")
print(len(missing_features['prediction_not_training']))
print("len(missing_features['training_not_prediction'])")
print(len(missing_features['training_not_prediction']))
assert len(missing_features['prediction_not_training']) == 0
assert len(missing_features['training_not_prediction']) == 0
def test_unmarked_categorical_column_throws_warning():
df_titanic_train, df_titanic_test = utils.get_titanic_binary_classification_dataset(
)
column_descriptions = {
'survived': 'output'
# This is the column we are "forgetting" to mark as categorical
# , 'sex': 'categorical'
,
'embarked': 'categorical',
'pclass': 'categorical'
}
ml_predictor = Predictor(type_of_estimator='classifier',
column_descriptions=column_descriptions)
with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as caught_w:
ml_predictor.train(df_titanic_train)
print(
'we should be throwing a warning for the user to give them useful feedback on the unlabeled categorical column'
)
assert len(caught_w) == 1
ml_predictor.predict(df_titanic_test)
# We want to make sure the above does not throw an error
assert True
def test_all_algos_classification(model_name=None):
np.random.seed(0)
df_titanic_train, df_titanic_test = utils.get_titanic_binary_classification_dataset()
column_descriptions = {
'survived': 'output',
'sex': 'categorical',
'embarked': 'categorical',
'pclass': 'categorical'
}
ml_predictor = Predictor(
type_of_estimator='classifier', column_descriptions=column_descriptions)
ml_predictor.train(
df_titanic_train,
model_names=[
'LogisticRegression', 'RandomForestClassifier', 'RidgeClassifier',
'GradientBoostingClassifier', 'ExtraTreesClassifier', 'AdaBoostClassifier',
'SGDClassifier', 'Perceptron', 'PassiveAggressiveClassifier', 'DeepLearningClassifier',
'XGBClassifier', 'LGBMClassifier', 'LinearSVC'
])
test_score = ml_predictor.score(df_titanic_test, df_titanic_test.survived)
print('test_score')
print(test_score)
# Linear models aren't super great on this dataset...
assert -0.215 < test_score < -0.131
def test_pass_in_list_of_dictionaries_predict_classification():
np.random.seed(0)
df_titanic_train, df_titanic_test = utils.get_titanic_binary_classification_dataset(
)
column_descriptions = {
'survived': 'output',
'sex': 'categorical',
'embarked': 'categorical',
'pclass': 'categorical'
}
ml_predictor = Predictor(type_of_estimator='classifier',
column_descriptions=column_descriptions)
list_titanic_train = df_titanic_train.to_dict('records')
ml_predictor.train(df_titanic_train)
test_score = ml_predictor.score(df_titanic_test.to_dict('records'),
df_titanic_test.survived)
print('test_score')
print(test_score)
assert -0.16 < test_score < -0.135
def test_list_of_single_model_name_classification():
np.random.seed(0)
model_name = 'GradientBoostingClassifier'
df_titanic_train, df_titanic_test = utils.get_titanic_binary_classification_dataset(
)
column_descriptions = {
'survived': 'output',
'sex': 'categorical',
'embarked': 'categorical',
'pclass': 'categorical'
}
ml_predictor = Predictor(type_of_estimator='classifier',
column_descriptions=column_descriptions)
ml_predictor.train(df_titanic_train, model_names=[model_name])
test_score = ml_predictor.score(df_titanic_test, df_titanic_test.survived)
print('test_score')
print(test_score)
assert -0.16 < test_score < -0.135
def test_include_bad_y_vals_predict_classification():
np.random.seed(0)
df_titanic_train, df_titanic_test = utils.get_titanic_binary_classification_dataset(
)
column_descriptions = {
'survived': 'output',
'sex': 'categorical',
'embarked': 'categorical',
'pclass': 'categorical'
}
ml_predictor = Predictor(type_of_estimator='classifier',
column_descriptions=column_descriptions)
df_titanic_test.iloc[1]['survived'] = float('nan')
df_titanic_test.iloc[8]['survived'] = float('inf')
df_titanic_test.iloc[26]['survived'] = None
ml_predictor.train(df_titanic_train)
test_score = ml_predictor.score(df_titanic_test.to_dict('records'),
df_titanic_test.survived)
print('test_score')
print(test_score)
assert -0.16 < test_score < -0.135
def test_compare_all_models_classification():
np.random.seed(0)
df_titanic_train, df_titanic_test = utils.get_titanic_binary_classification_dataset(
)
column_descriptions = {
'survived': 'output',
'sex': 'categorical',
'embarked': 'categorical',
'pclass': 'categorical'
}
ml_predictor = Predictor(type_of_estimator='classifier',
column_descriptions=column_descriptions)
ml_predictor.train(df_titanic_train, compare_all_models=True)
test_score = ml_predictor.score(df_titanic_test,
df_titanic_test.survived)
print('test_score')
print(test_score)
assert -0.16 < test_score < -0.135
def ensemble_classifier_basic_test(model_name=None):
np.random.seed(0)
df_titanic_train, df_titanic_test = utils.get_titanic_binary_classification_dataset(
)
column_descriptions = {
'survived': 'output',
'sex': 'categorical',
'embarked': 'categorical',
'pclass': 'categorical'
}
ensemble_config = [{
'model_name': 'LGBMClassifier'
}, {
'model_name': 'RandomForestClassifier'
}]
ml_predictor = Predictor(type_of_estimator='classifier',
column_descriptions=column_descriptions)
ml_predictor.train(df_titanic_train, ensemble_config=ensemble_config)
test_score = ml_predictor.score(df_titanic_test, df_titanic_test.survived)
print('test_score')
print(test_score)
assert -0.15 < test_score < -0.131
def test_categorical_ensemble_basic_classifier():
np.random.seed(0)
df_titanic_train, df_titanic_test = utils.get_titanic_binary_classification_dataset(
)
column_descriptions = {
'survived': 'output',
'pclass': 'categorical',
'embarked': 'categorical',
'sex': 'categorical'
}
ml_predictor = Predictor(type_of_estimator='classifier',
column_descriptions=column_descriptions)
ml_predictor.train_categorical_ensemble(df_titanic_train,
categorical_column='pclass',
optimize_final_model=False)
test_score = ml_predictor.score(df_titanic_test, df_titanic_test.survived)
print('test_score')
print(test_score)
# Small sample sizes mean there's a fair bit of noise here
assert -0.155 < test_score < -0.135
def test_throws_warning_when_fl_data_equals_df_train():
df_titanic_train, df_titanic_test = utils.get_titanic_binary_classification_dataset(
)
column_descriptions = {
'survived': 'output',
'sex': 'categorical',
'embarked': 'categorical',
'pclass': 'categorical'
}
ml_predictor = Predictor(type_of_estimator='classifier',
column_descriptions=column_descriptions)
with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
try:
ml_predictor.train(df_titanic_train,
feature_learning=True,
fl_data=df_titanic_train)
except KeyError as e:
pass
# We should not be getting to this line- we should be throwing an error above
for thing in w:
print(thing)
assert len(w) >= 1
assert True
def test_unexpected_datetime_column_handled_without_errors():
df_titanic_train, df_titanic_test = utils.get_titanic_binary_classification_dataset(
)
column_descriptions = {
'survived': 'output',
'sex': 'categorical',
'embarked': 'categorical',
'pclass': 'categorical'
}
ml_predictor = Predictor(type_of_estimator='classifier',
column_descriptions=column_descriptions)
ml_predictor.train(df_titanic_train)
test_dict = df_titanic_test.sample(frac=0.1).to_dict('records')[0]
test_dict['unexpected_column'] = datetime.date.today()
test_dict['anoter_unexpected_column'] = datetime.datetime.today()
ml_predictor.predict(test_dict)
# We want to make sure the above does not throw an error
assert True
def test_calibrate_final_model_missing_X_test_y_test_classification():
np.random.seed(0)
df_titanic_train, df_titanic_test = utils.get_titanic_binary_classification_dataset(
)
# Take a third of our test data (a tenth of our overall data) for calibration
df_titanic_test, df_titanic_calibration = train_test_split(df_titanic_test,
test_size=0.33,
random_state=42)
column_descriptions = {
'survived': 'output',
'sex': 'categorical',
'embarked': 'categorical',
'pclass': 'categorical'
}
ml_predictor = Predictor(type_of_estimator='classifier',
column_descriptions=column_descriptions)
# This should still work, just with warning printed
ml_predictor.train(df_titanic_train, calibrate_final_model=True)
test_score = ml_predictor.score(df_titanic_test, df_titanic_test.survived)
print('test_score')
print(test_score)
assert -0.14 < test_score < -0.12
def test_already_transformed_X():
np.random.seed(0)
df_titanic_train, df_titanic_test = utils.get_titanic_binary_classification_dataset(
)
# Take a third of our test data (a tenth of our overall data) for calibration
df_titanic_test, df_titanic_calibration = train_test_split(df_titanic_test,
test_size=0.33,
random_state=42)
column_descriptions = {
'survived': 'output',
'sex': 'categorical',
'embarked': 'categorical',
'pclass': 'categorical'
}
ml_predictor = Predictor(type_of_estimator='classifier',
column_descriptions=column_descriptions)
# pass in return_trans_pipeline, and get the trans pipeline
trans_pipeline = ml_predictor.train(df_titanic_train,
return_transformation_pipeline=True)
# get transformed X through transformation_only
X_train_transformed = ml_predictor.transform_only(df_titanic_train)
# create a new predictor
ml_predictor = Predictor(type_of_estimator='classifier',
column_descriptions=column_descriptions)
# pass in trained trans pipeline, and make sure it works
ml_predictor.train(df_titanic_train,
trained_transformation_pipeline=trans_pipeline)
test_score = ml_predictor.score(df_titanic_test, df_titanic_test.survived)
print('test_score')
print(test_score)
assert -0.14 < test_score < -0.12
# pass in both a trans pipeline and a previously transformed X, and make sure that works
ml_predictor = Predictor(type_of_estimator='classifier',
column_descriptions=column_descriptions)
ml_predictor.train(None,
trained_transformation_pipeline=trans_pipeline,
transformed_X=X_train_transformed,
transformed_y=df_titanic_train.survived)
test_score = ml_predictor.score(df_titanic_test, df_titanic_test.survived)
print('test_score')
print(test_score)
assert -0.14 < test_score < -0.12
def test_binary_classification_predict_on_predictor_instance():
np.random.seed(0)
df_titanic_train, df_titanic_test = utils.get_titanic_binary_classification_dataset()
ml_predictor = utils.train_basic_binary_classifier(df_titanic_train)
predictions = ml_predictor.predict(df_titanic_test)
test_score = accuracy_score(predictions, df_titanic_test.survived)
# Make sure our score is good, but not unreasonably good
print(test_score)
assert .77 < test_score < .805
def test_binary_classification_predict_proba_on_predictor_instance():
np.random.seed(0)
df_titanic_train, df_titanic_test = utils.get_titanic_binary_classification_dataset()
ml_predictor = utils.train_basic_binary_classifier(df_titanic_train)
#
predictions = ml_predictor.predict_proba(df_titanic_test)
predictions = [pred[1] for pred in predictions]
test_score = utils.calculate_brier_score_loss(df_titanic_test.survived, predictions)
# Make sure our score is good, but not unreasonably good
print(test_score)
assert -0.16 < test_score < -0.135
def test_bad_val_for_type_of_estimator():
np.random.seed(0)
df_titanic_train, df_titanic_test = utils.get_titanic_binary_classification_dataset(
)
column_descriptions = {
# 'survived': 'output'
'sex': 'categorical',
'embarked': 'categorical',
'pclass': 'categorical'
}
ml_predictor = Predictor(type_of_estimator='invalid_type_of_estimator',
column_descriptions=column_descriptions)
def test_verify_features_finds_missing_training_features():
np.random.seed(0)
df_titanic_train, df_titanic_test = utils.get_titanic_binary_classification_dataset(
)
column_descriptions = {
'survived': 'output',
'sex': 'categorical',
'embarked': 'categorical',
'pclass': 'categorical'
}
# Remove the "sibsp" column from our training data
df_titanic_train = df_titanic_train.drop('sibsp', axis=1)
ml_predictor = Predictor(type_of_estimator='classifier',
column_descriptions=column_descriptions)
ml_predictor.train(df_titanic_train, verify_features=True)
file_name = ml_predictor.save(str(random.random()))
with open(file_name, 'rb') as read_file:
saved_ml_pipeline = dill.load(read_file)
os.remove(file_name)
try:
keras_file_name = file_name[:-5] + '_keras_deep_learning_model.h5'
os.remove(keras_file_name)
except:
pass
missing_features = saved_ml_pipeline.named_steps[
'final_model'].verify_features(df_titanic_test)
print('missing_features')
print(missing_features)
print("len(missing_features['prediction_not_training'])")
print(len(missing_features['prediction_not_training']))
print("len(missing_features['training_not_prediction'])")
print(len(missing_features['training_not_prediction']))
assert len(missing_features['prediction_not_training']) == 1
assert len(missing_features['training_not_prediction']) == 0
def optimize_final_model_classification(model_name=None):
np.random.seed(0)
df_titanic_train, df_titanic_test = utils.get_titanic_binary_classification_dataset(
)
# We just want to make sure these run, not necessarily make sure that they're super accurate
# (which takes more time, and is dataset dependent)
df_titanic_train = df_titanic_train.sample(frac=0.5)
column_descriptions = {
'survived': 'output',
'sex': 'categorical',
'embarked': 'categorical',
'pclass': 'categorical'
}
ml_predictor = Predictor(type_of_estimator='classifier',
column_descriptions=column_descriptions)
ml_predictor.train(df_titanic_train,
optimize_final_model=True,
model_names=model_name)
test_score = ml_predictor.score(df_titanic_test, df_titanic_test.survived)
print('test_score')
print(test_score)
# Small sample sizes mean there's a fair bit of noise here
lower_bound = -0.18
if model_name == 'DeepLearningClassifier':
lower_bound = -0.255
if model_name == 'LGBMClassifier':
lower_bound = -0.221
if model_name == 'GradientBoostingClassifier':
lower_bound = -0.225
if model_name == 'CatBoostClassifier':
lower_bound = -0.221
assert lower_bound < test_score < -0.135
def test_model_uses_user_provided_training_params(model_name=None):
np.random.seed(0)
df_titanic_train, df_titanic_test = utils.get_titanic_binary_classification_dataset(
)
column_descriptions = {
'survived': 'output',
'sex': 'categorical',
'embarked': 'categorical',
'pclass': 'categorical'
}
ml_predictor = Predictor(type_of_estimator='classifier',
column_descriptions=column_descriptions)
try:
ml_predictor.train(df_titanic_train,
model_names='RidgeClassifier',
training_params={'this_param_is_not_valid': True})
assert False
except ValueError as e:
assert True
def test_bad_val_in_column_descriptions():
np.random.seed(0)
df_titanic_train, df_titanic_test = utils.get_titanic_binary_classification_dataset(
)
column_descriptions = {
'survived': 'output',
'sex': 'categorical',
'embarked': 'categorical',
'pclass': 'categorical',
'fare': 'this_is_a_bad_value'
}
with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
ml_predictor = Predictor(type_of_estimator='classifier',
column_descriptions=column_descriptions)
print(
'we should be throwing a warning for the user to give them useful feedback'
)
assert len(w) == 1
assert True
def test_binary_classification():
np.random.seed(0)
df_titanic_train, df_titanic_test = utils.get_titanic_binary_classification_dataset(
)
column_descriptions = {
'survived': 'output',
'sex': 'categorical',
'embarked': 'categorical',
'pclass': 'categorical'
}
ml_predictor = Predictor(type_of_estimator='classifier',
column_descriptions=column_descriptions)
ml_predictor.train(df_titanic_train, scoring=always_return_ten_thousand)
test_score = ml_predictor.score(df_titanic_test, df_titanic_test.survived)
print('test_score')
print(test_score)
assert test_score == -10000
def test_linear_model_analytics_classification(model_name=None):
np.random.seed(0)
df_titanic_train, df_titanic_test = utils.get_titanic_binary_classification_dataset(
)
column_descriptions = {
'survived': 'output',
'sex': 'categorical',
'embarked': 'categorical',
'pclass': 'categorical'
}
ml_predictor = Predictor(type_of_estimator='classifier',
column_descriptions=column_descriptions)
ml_predictor.train(df_titanic_train, model_names='RidgeClassifier')
test_score = ml_predictor.score(df_titanic_test, df_titanic_test.survived)
print('test_score')
print(test_score)
assert -0.21 < test_score < -0.131
def getting_single_predictions_classifier_test():
np.random.seed(0)
df_titanic_train, df_titanic_test = utils.get_titanic_binary_classification_dataset(
)
column_descriptions = {
'survived': 'output',
'sex': 'categorical',
'embarked': 'categorical',
'pclass': 'categorical',
'age_bucket': 'categorical'
}
ensemble_config = [{
'model_name': 'LGBMClassifier'
}, {
'model_name': 'RandomForestClassifier'
}]
ml_predictor = Predictor(type_of_estimator='classifier',
column_descriptions=column_descriptions)
ml_predictor.train(df_titanic_train, ensemble_config=ensemble_config)
file_name = ml_predictor.save(str(random.random()))
saved_ml_pipeline = load_ml_model(file_name)
os.remove(file_name)
try:
keras_file_name = file_name[:-5] + '_keras_deep_learning_model.h5'
os.remove(keras_file_name)
except:
pass
df_titanic_test_dictionaries = df_titanic_test.to_dict('records')
# 1. make sure the accuracy is the same
predictions = []
for row in df_titanic_test_dictionaries:
predictions.append(saved_ml_pipeline.predict_proba(row)[1])
print('predictions')
print(predictions)
first_score = utils.calculate_brier_score_loss(df_titanic_test.survived,
predictions)
print('first_score')
print(first_score)
# Make sure our score is good, but not unreasonably good
lower_bound = -0.16
assert -0.15 < first_score < -0.135
# 2. make sure the speed is reasonable (do it a few extra times)
data_length = len(df_titanic_test_dictionaries)
start_time = datetime.datetime.now()
for idx in range(1000):
row_num = idx % data_length
saved_ml_pipeline.predict(df_titanic_test_dictionaries[row_num])
end_time = datetime.datetime.now()
duration = end_time - start_time
print('duration.total_seconds()')
print(duration.total_seconds())
# It's very difficult to set a benchmark for speed that will work across all machines.
# On my 2013 bottom of the line 15" MacBook Pro, this runs in about 0.8 seconds for 1000 predictions
# That's about 1 millisecond per prediction
# Assuming we might be running on a test box that's pretty weak, multiply by 3
# Also make sure we're not running unreasonably quickly
assert 0.2 < duration.total_seconds() < 60
# 3. make sure we're not modifying the dictionaries (the score is the same after running a few experiments as it is the first time)
predictions = []
for row in df_titanic_test_dictionaries:
predictions.append(saved_ml_pipeline.predict_proba(row)[1])
print('predictions')
print(predictions)
print('df_titanic_test_dictionaries')
print(df_titanic_test_dictionaries)
second_score = utils.calculate_brier_score_loss(df_titanic_test.survived,
predictions)
print('second_score')
print(second_score)
# Make sure our score is good, but not unreasonably good
assert -0.15 < second_score < -0.135
def test_feature_learning_getting_single_predictions_classification(model_name=None):
np.random.seed(0)
df_titanic_train, df_titanic_test = utils.get_titanic_binary_classification_dataset()
column_descriptions = {
'survived': 'output',
'sex': 'categorical',
'embarked': 'categorical',
'pclass': 'categorical'
}
ml_predictor = Predictor(
type_of_estimator='classifier', column_descriptions=column_descriptions)
# NOTE: this is bad practice to pass in our same training set as our fl_data set,
# but we don't have enough data to do it any other way
df_titanic_train, fl_data = train_test_split(df_titanic_train, test_size=0.2)
ml_predictor.train(
df_titanic_train, model_names=model_name, feature_learning=True, fl_data=fl_data)
file_name = ml_predictor.save(str(random.random()))
saved_ml_pipeline = load_ml_model(file_name)
os.remove(file_name)
try:
keras_file_name = file_name[:-5] + '_keras_deep_learning_model.h5'
os.remove(keras_file_name)
except:
pass
df_titanic_test_dictionaries = df_titanic_test.to_dict('records')
# 1. make sure the accuracy is the same
predictions = []
for row in df_titanic_test_dictionaries:
predictions.append(saved_ml_pipeline.predict_proba(row)[1])
print('predictions')
print(predictions)
first_score = utils.calculate_brier_score_loss(df_titanic_test.survived, predictions)
print('first_score')
print(first_score)
# Make sure our score is good, but not unreasonably good
lower_bound = -0.16
if model_name == 'DeepLearningClassifier':
lower_bound = -0.187
assert lower_bound < first_score < -0.133
# 2. make sure the speed is reasonable (do it a few extra times)
data_length = len(df_titanic_test_dictionaries)
start_time = datetime.datetime.now()
for idx in range(1000):
row_num = idx % data_length
saved_ml_pipeline.predict(df_titanic_test_dictionaries[row_num])
end_time = datetime.datetime.now()
duration = end_time - start_time
print('duration.total_seconds()')
print(duration.total_seconds())
# It's very difficult to set a benchmark for speed that will work across all machines.
# On my 2013 bottom of the line 15" MacBook Pro,
# this runs in about 0.8 seconds for 1000 predictions
# That's about 1 millisecond per prediction
# Assuming we might be running on a test box that's pretty weak, multiply by 3
# Also make sure we're not running unreasonably quickly
assert 0.2 < duration.total_seconds() < 15
# 3. make sure we're not modifying the dictionaries
# (the score is the same after running a few experiments as it is the first time)
predictions = []
for row in df_titanic_test_dictionaries:
predictions.append(saved_ml_pipeline.predict_proba(row)[1])
print('predictions')
print(predictions)
print('df_titanic_test_dictionaries')
print(df_titanic_test_dictionaries)
second_score = utils.calculate_brier_score_loss(df_titanic_test.survived, predictions)
print('second_score')
print(second_score)
# Make sure our score is good, but not unreasonably good
assert lower_bound < second_score < -0.133
def test_user_input_func_classification():
np.random.seed(0)
df_titanic_train, df_titanic_test = utils.get_titanic_binary_classification_dataset(
)
def age_bucketing(data):
def define_buckets(age):
if age <= 17:
return 'youth'
elif age <= 40:
return 'adult'
elif age <= 60:
return 'adult2'
else:
return 'over_60'
if isinstance(data, dict):
data['age_bucket'] = define_buckets(data['age'])
else:
data['age_bucket'] = data.age.apply(define_buckets)
return data
column_descriptions = {
'survived': 'output',
'sex': 'categorical',
'embarked': 'categorical',
'pclass': 'categorical',
'age_bucket': 'categorical'
}
ml_predictor = Predictor(type_of_estimator='classifier',
column_descriptions=column_descriptions)
ml_predictor.train(df_titanic_train, user_input_func=age_bucketing)
file_name = ml_predictor.save(str(random.random()))
saved_ml_pipeline = load_ml_model(file_name)
os.remove(file_name)
try:
keras_file_name = file_name[:-5] + '_keras_deep_learning_model.h5'
os.remove(keras_file_name)
except:
pass
df_titanic_test_dictionaries = df_titanic_test.to_dict('records')
# 1. make sure the accuracy is the same
predictions = []
for row in df_titanic_test_dictionaries:
predictions.append(saved_ml_pipeline.predict_proba(row)[1])
print('predictions')
print(predictions)
first_score = utils.calculate_brier_score_loss(df_titanic_test.survived,
predictions)
print('first_score')
print(first_score)
# Make sure our score is good, but not unreasonably good
assert -0.16 < first_score < -0.135
# 2. make sure the speed is reasonable (do it a few extra times)
data_length = len(df_titanic_test_dictionaries)
start_time = datetime.datetime.now()
for idx in range(1000):
row_num = idx % data_length
saved_ml_pipeline.predict(df_titanic_test_dictionaries[row_num])
end_time = datetime.datetime.now()
duration = end_time - start_time
print('duration.total_seconds()')
print(duration.total_seconds())
# It's very difficult to set a benchmark for speed that will work across all machines.
# On my 2013 bottom of the line 15" MacBook Pro,
# this runs in about 0.8 seconds for 1000 predictions
# That's about 1 millisecond per prediction
# Assuming we might be running on a test box that's pretty weak, multiply by 3
# Also make sure we're not running unreasonably quickly
assert 0.05 < duration.total_seconds() < 15
# 3. make sure we're not modifying the dictionaries (the score is the same after
# running a few experiments as it is the first time)
predictions = []
for row in df_titanic_test_dictionaries:
predictions.append(saved_ml_pipeline.predict_proba(row)[1])
print('predictions')
print(predictions)
print('df_titanic_test_dictionaries')
print(df_titanic_test_dictionaries)
second_score = utils.calculate_brier_score_loss(df_titanic_test.survived,
predictions)
print('second_score')
print(second_score)
# Make sure our score is good, but not unreasonably good
assert -0.16 < second_score < -0.135
