def build(self, node, turn, alpha, beta):
states = next_states(node.value, turn)
if not states:
if winner(node.value, 1):
node.score = 1
elif winner(node.value, 0):
node.score = -1
else:
node.score = 0
return node.score
if turn == 1:
for state in states:
child = Node(state)
node.add_child(child)
alpha = max(alpha, self.build(child, 0, alpha, beta))
if beta <= alpha:
break
score = alpha
else:
for state in states:
child = Node(state)
node.add_child(child)
beta = min(beta, self.build(child, 1, alpha, beta))
if beta <= alpha:
break
score = beta
node.score = score
return node.score
def test_winner(self):
player_board = \
[[self.X, self.O, self.O],
[self.O, self.O, self.X],
[self.X, self.X, self.X]]
self.assertEqual(self.X, ttt.winner(player_board))
player_board = \
[[self.X, self.O, self.X],
[self.O, self.O, self.X],
[self.X, self.O, self.X]]
self.assertEqual(self.O, ttt.winner(player_board))
player_board = \
[[self.X, self.O, self.X],
[self.X, self.X, self.O],
[self.O, self.O, self.X]]
self.assertEqual(self.X, ttt.winner(player_board))
player_board = \
[[self.O, self.X, self.X],
[self.O, self.X, self.O],
[self.X, self.O, self.X]]
self.assertEqual(self.X, ttt.winner(player_board))
player_board = \
[[self.X, self.X, self.X],
[self.EMPTY, self.EMPTY, self.O],
[self.O, self.EMPTY, self.EMPTY]]
self.assertEqual(self.X, ttt.winner(player_board))
def score_leaves(self):
for leaf in self.leaves:
if winner(leaf.value, 1):
leaf.score = 1
elif winner(leaf.value, 0):
leaf.score = -1
else:
leaf.score = 0
def test_winner_horizontal1():
board = [["X", "X", "X"],
[EMPTY, EMPTY, EMPTY],
[EMPTY, EMPTY, EMPTY]]
assert ttt.winner(board) == "X"
board = [["X", "X", "O"],
[EMPTY, EMPTY, EMPTY],
[EMPTY, EMPTY, EMPTY]]
assert ttt.winner(board) == None
def test_winner(marker, winner_move_idx):
init = ttt.initial_state()
assert ttt.winner(init) is None
assert not ttt.terminal(init)
# perform the winning move
for i, j in ttt._winner_moves()[winner_move_idx]:
init[i][j] = marker
# and win!
assert ttt.winner(init) is marker
assert ttt.terminal(init)
def test_no_winner(self):
player_board = \
[[self.X, self.O, self.X],
[self.O, self.O, self.EMPTY],
[self.X, self.EMPTY, self.EMPTY]]
self.assertIsNone(ttt.winner(player_board))
player_board = \
[[self.O, self.X, self.X],
[self.X, self.O, self.O],
[self.X, self.O, self.X]]
self.assertIsNone(ttt.winner(player_board))
def testWinner(self):
self.assertEqual(ttt.winner(board_win_horizontally), 'X')
self.assertEqual(ttt.winner(board_win_vertically), 'O')
self.assertEqual(ttt.winner(board_win_diagonally), 'X')
self.assertEqual(ttt.winner(board_0), None)
self.assertEqual(ttt.winner(board_1), None)
self.assertEqual(ttt.winner(board_2), None)
self.assertEqual(ttt.winner(board_3), None)
self.assertEqual(ttt.winner(board_4), None)
def test_winner(self):
board = [[tictactoe.EMPTY, tictactoe.EMPTY, tictactoe.EMPTY],
[tictactoe.O, tictactoe.O, tictactoe.EMPTY],
[tictactoe.O, tictactoe.O, tictactoe.O]]
winner = tictactoe.winner(board)
print(winner)
def test_winner(self):
# Check no winner
board = [
[tictactoe.X, tictactoe.O, tictactoe.EMPTY],
[tictactoe.O, tictactoe.O, tictactoe.X],
[tictactoe.X, tictactoe.X, tictactoe.EMPTY],
]
result = tictactoe.winner(board)
self.assertIsNone(result)
# Check vertical match
board = [
[tictactoe.X, tictactoe.O, tictactoe.EMPTY],
[tictactoe.O, tictactoe.O, tictactoe.X],
[tictactoe.X, tictactoe.O, tictactoe.X],
]
result = tictactoe.winner(board)
self.assertEqual(result, tictactoe.O)
# Check horizontal match
board = [
[tictactoe.X, tictactoe.O, tictactoe.O],
[tictactoe.O, tictactoe.O, tictactoe.X],
[tictactoe.X, tictactoe.X, tictactoe.X],
]
result = tictactoe.winner(board)
self.assertEqual(result, tictactoe.X)
# Check main diagonal match
board = [
[tictactoe.X, tictactoe.O, tictactoe.O],
[tictactoe.X, tictactoe.X, tictactoe.EMPTY],
[tictactoe.O, tictactoe.EMPTY, tictactoe.X],
]
result = tictactoe.winner(board)
self.assertEqual(result, tictactoe.X)
# Check anti diagonal match
board = [
[tictactoe.X, tictactoe.O, tictactoe.O],
[tictactoe.X, tictactoe.O, tictactoe.EMPTY],
[tictactoe.O, tictactoe.X, tictactoe.X],
]
result = tictactoe.winner(board)
self.assertEqual(result, tictactoe.O)
def test_winner(self):
state_history = []
state = tictactoe.new_game()
state_history.append(state)
# Horizontal win
state['board'] = [['X', '', 'X'], ['O', 'O', 'O'], ['', '', 'X']]
self.assertEqual(tictactoe.winner(state_history), 1)
# Vertical win
state['board'] = [['X', '', 'O'], ['X', 'O', ''], ['X', '', 'X']]
self.assertEqual(tictactoe.winner(state_history), 0)
# Diagonal win
state['board'] = [['X', 'X', 'O'], ['', 'O', ''], ['O', '', 'X']]
self.assertEqual(tictactoe.winner(state_history), 1)
# No win yet
state['board'] = [['X', '', 'X'], ['', 'O', 'O'], ['', '', 'X']]
self.assertEqual(tictactoe.winner(state_history), -1)
# Tied game
state['board'] = [['X', 'O', 'X'], ['O', 'X', 'O'], ['O', 'X', 'O']]
self.assertEqual(tictactoe.winner(state_history), -2)
def rollout(self, node):
""" Randomly plays from the state defined by node until
the end of the game, returning the final outcome.
"""
# Available moves from this point
board = node.board
moves = ttt.actions(board)
# Used to store the winner
w = None
# Play until there's a winner
while w is None:
# Pick a random move
n = randint(low=0, high=len(moves))
action = moves[n]
# Update the board (result automatically checks
# whose go it is)
board = ttt.result(board, action)
# List all possible moves
moves = ttt.actions(board)
# See if anyone has won
w = ttt.winner(board)
# Break if we've run out of moves
if len(moves) == 0:
break
if w is 'O':
reward = 2
elif w is None:
reward = 1
elif w is 'X':
reward = 0
return reward
def test_winner(self):
winner_1 = ttt.winner(self.board_1)
self.assertEqual(winner_1, None)
winner_2 = ttt.winner(self.board_2)
self.assertEqual(winner_2, None)
winner_3 = ttt.winner(self.board_3)
self.assertEqual(winner_3, None)
winner_4 = ttt.winner(self.board_4)
self.assertEqual(winner_4, X)
winner_5 = ttt.winner(self.board_5)
self.assertEqual(winner_5, O)
winner_6 = ttt.winner(self.board_6)
self.assertEqual(winner_6, X)
winner_7 = ttt.winner(self.board_7)
self.assertEqual(winner_7, O)
def resolve_and_alert(game):
if still_going(game.board):
next_up = whos_next(game.board)
player = game.player1 if next_up == 'X' else game.player2
# ping player/play with the game.board
requests.post("{}/play".format(player),
json={
"board": game.board,
"game": game.game_id
})
else:
winning_side = winner(game.board)
if winning_side == 'X':
requests.post("{}/finish".format(game.player1), json={"winner": 1})
requests.post("{}/finish".format(game.player2),
json={"winner": -1})
if winning_side == 'O':
requests.post("{}/finish".format(game.player2), json={"winner": 1})
requests.post("{}/finish".format(game.player1),
json={"winner": -1})
else:
requests.post("{}/finish".format(game.player1), json={"winner": 0})
requests.post("{}/finish".format(game.player2), json={"winner": 0})
def test_winner_diagonal(self):
board = [[O, O, EMPTY],
[X, O, X],
[X, X, O]]
self.assertEqual(winner(board), O)
def test_winner_col(self):
board = [[X, O, EMPTY],
[X, O, EMPTY],
[X, X, O]]
self.assertEqual(winner(board), X)
def test_winner_row_2(self):
board = [[X, X, X],
[X, O, EMPTY],
[EMPTY, X, EMPTY]]
self.assertEqual(winner(board), X)
def test_winner_row(self):
board = [[O, O, EMPTY],
[X, O, EMPTY],
[X, X, X]]
self.assertEqual(winner(board), X)
def test_winner_vertical_2(self):
board = [[X, EMPTY, O], [X, EMPTY, O], [EMPTY, EMPTY, O]]
self.assertEqual(winner(board), O)
pygame.draw.rect(screen, white, rect, 3)
if board[i][j] != ttt.EMPTY:
move = moveFont.render(board[i][j], True, white)
moveRect = move.get_rect()
moveRect.center = rect.center
screen.blit(move, moveRect)
row.append(rect)
tiles.append(row)
game_over = ttt.terminal(board)
player = ttt.player(board)
# Show title
if game_over:
winner = ttt.winner(board)
if winner is None:
title = f"Game Over: Tie."
else:
title = f"Game Over: {winner} wins."
elif user == player:
title = f"Play as {user}"
else:
title = f"Computer thinking..."
title = largeFont.render(title, True, white)
titleRect = title.get_rect()
titleRect.center = ((width / 2), 30)
screen.blit(title, titleRect)
# Check for AI move
if user != player and not game_over:
def terminal(state):
return winner(state, 1) or winner(state, 0) or state.count(None) == 0
def test_empty_winner():
board = [[EMPTY, EMPTY, EMPTY],
[EMPTY, EMPTY, EMPTY],
[EMPTY, EMPTY, EMPTY]]
assert ttt.winner(board) == None
def test_winner_diagonal1():
board = [["X", EMPTY, "X"],
[EMPTY, "X", EMPTY],
[EMPTY, EMPTY, "X"]]
assert ttt.winner(board) == "X"
def test_winner_horizontal_0(self):
board = [[X, X, X], [O, EMPTY, O], [EMPTY, EMPTY, O]]
self.assertEqual(winner(board), X)
def test_winner_back_diagonal(self):
board = [[X, O, O],
[X, O, X],
[O, X, O]]
self.assertEqual(winner(board), O)
pygame.draw.rect(screen, white, rect, 3)
if board[i][j] != tct.EMPTY:
move = moveFont.render(board[i][j], True, white)
moveRect = move.get_rect()
moveRect.center = rect.center
screen.blit(move, moveRect)
row.append(rect)
tiles.append(row)
game_over = tct.terminal(board)
player = tct.player(board)
# Show title
if game_over:
winner = tct.winner(board)
if winner is None:
title = f"Game Over: Tie."
else:
title = f"Game Over: {winner} wins."
elif user == player:
title = f"Play as {user}"
else:
title = f"Computer thinking..."
title = largeFont.render(title, True, white)
titleRect = title.get_rect()
titleRect.center = ((width / 2), 30)
screen.blit(title, titleRect)
# Check for AI move
if user != player and not game_over:
from tictactoe import X, O, EMPTY, winner
if __name__ == "__main__":
boards = [[[EMPTY, X, EMPTY], [EMPTY, X, O], [EMPTY, X, O]],
[[X, EMPTY, EMPTY], [O, O, O], [X, X, EMPTY]],
[[O, X, X], [X, O, X], [X, X, O]],
[[EMPTY, EMPTY, EMPTY], [EMPTY, EMPTY, EMPTY],
[EMPTY, EMPTY, EMPTY]]]
answers = [X, O, O, None]
for ind, board in enumerate(boards):
assert winner(board) == answers[
ind], f"Winner returned {winner(board)}. Expected {answers[ind]}."
print("Tests complete.")
from tictactoe import winner X = "X" O = "O" EMPTY = None # X print(X is winner([[X, X, X], [O, O, EMPTY], [X, EMPTY, EMPTY]])) # O print(O is winner([[X, X, EMPTY], [O, O, O], [X, EMPTY, EMPTY]])) # None print(None is winner([[X, X, EMPTY], [O, O, EMPTY], [X, EMPTY, EMPTY]])) # X print(X is winner([[X, X, EMPTY], [X, O, EMPTY], [X, EMPTY, EMPTY]])) # O print(O is winner([[X, O, EMPTY], [EMPTY, O, EMPTY], [X, O, EMPTY]])) # X print(X is winner([[X, O, EMPTY], [EMPTY, X, EMPTY], [X, O, X]])) # O print(O is winner([[X, EMPTY, O], [EMPTY, O, EMPTY], [O, O, X]])) # X print(X is winner([[O, O, X], [EMPTY, X, O], [X, EMPTY, EMPTY]]))
def test_no_winner(self):
board = [[EMPTY, O, EMPTY],
[X, EMPTY, EMPTY],
[EMPTY, X, EMPTY]]
self.assertEqual(winner(board), None)
from tictactoe import player, actions, result, winner, terminal, utility, minimax, max_value, min_value X = "X" O = "O" EMPTY = None board = [[O, X, EMPTY], [O, X, X], [O, O, X]] # print(player(board)) # print(actions(board)) # print(result(board,(0,1))) # print(winner(board)) # print(terminal(board)) # print(utility(board)) print(terminal(board)) print(winner(board))
def test_winner_vertical_1(self):
board = [[O, X, O], [X, X, O], [O, X, X]]
self.assertEqual(winner(board), X)