def main() -> None:
aspect_ratio = 16 / 9
image_width = 720
image_height = int(image_width / aspect_ratio)
samples_per_pixel = 48
max_depth = 5
world = random_scene()
lookfrom = Point3(13, 2, 3)
lookat = Point3(0, 0, 0)
vup = Vec3(0, 1, 0)
vfov = 20
dist_to_focus = 10
aperture = 0.1
cam = Camera(lookfrom, lookat, vup, vfov, aspect_ratio, aperture,
dist_to_focus)
print("Start rendering.")
start_time = time.time()
img_list = Parallel(n_jobs=2, verbose=20)(
delayed(scan_frame)(world, cam, image_width, image_height, max_depth)
for s in range(samples_per_pixel))
end_time = time.time()
print(f"\nDone. Total time: {round(end_time - start_time, 1)} s.")
final_img = Img(image_width, image_height)
for img in img_list:
final_img.write_frame(img)
final_img.average(samples_per_pixel).gamma(2)
final_img.save("./output.png", True)
def main() -> None:
aspect_ratio = 16 / 9
image_width = 256
image_height = int(image_width / aspect_ratio)
samples_per_pixel = 20
max_depth = 10
world: HittableList = three_ball_scene()
lookfrom = Point3(13, 2, 3)
lookat = Point3(0, 0, 0)
vup = Vec3(0, 1, 0)
vfov = 20
dist_to_focus: float = 10
aperture: float = 0.1
cam = Camera(lookfrom, lookat, vup, vfov, aspect_ratio, aperture,
dist_to_focus)
print("Start rendering.")
start_time = time.time()
n_processer = multiprocessing.cpu_count()
img_list: List[Img] = Parallel(n_jobs=n_processer)(
delayed(scan_line)(j, world, cam, image_width, image_height,
samples_per_pixel, max_depth)
for j in range(image_height - 1, -1, -1))
final_img = Img(image_width, image_height)
final_img.set_array(np.concatenate([img.frame for img in img_list]))
end_time = time.time()
print(f"\nDone. Total time: {round(end_time - start_time, 1)} s.")
final_img.save("./output.png", True)
def __init__(self, obj: Hittable, angle: float) -> None:
radians = degrees_to_radians(angle)
self.sin_theta = np.sin(radians)
self.cos_theta = np.cos(radians)
self.obj = obj
self.bbox = obj.bounding_box(0, 1)
if self.bbox is None:
raise ValueError
point_min = Point3(np.inf, np.inf, np.inf)
point_max = Point3(-np.inf, -np.inf, -np.inf)
for i in range(2):
for j in range(2):
for k in range(2):
x = i * self.bbox.max().x() + (1 - i) * self.bbox.min().x()
y = j * self.bbox.max().y() + (1 - j) * self.bbox.min().y()
z = k * self.bbox.max().z() + (1 - k) * self.bbox.min().z()
newx = self.cos_theta * x + self.sin_theta * z
newz = -self.sin_theta * x + self.cos_theta * z
new = Vec3(newx, y, newz)
for c in range(3):
point_min[c] = np.minimum(point_min[c], new[c])
point_max[c] = np.maximum(point_max[c], new[c])
self.bbox = AABB(point_min, point_max)
def main() -> None:
aspect_ratio = 16 / 9
image_width = 256
image_height = int(image_width / aspect_ratio)
samples_per_pixel = 20
max_depth = 10
world: HittableList = three_ball_scene()
lookfrom = Point3(13, 2, 3)
lookat = Point3(0, 0, 0)
vup = Vec3(0, 1, 0)
vfov = 20
dist_to_focus: float = 10
aperture: float = 0.1
cam = Camera(lookfrom, lookat, vup, vfov, aspect_ratio, aperture,
dist_to_focus)
print("Start rendering.")
start_time = time.time()
n_processer = multiprocessing.cpu_count()
img_list: List[Img] = Parallel(n_jobs=n_processer, verbose=10)(
delayed(scan_line)(j, world, cam, image_width, image_height,
samples_per_pixel, max_depth)
for j in range(image_height - 1, -1, -1))
# # Profile prologue
# import cProfile
# import pstats
# import io
# from pstats import SortKey
# pr = cProfile.Profile()
# pr.enable()
# img_list: List[Img] = list()
# for j in range(image_height-1, -1, -1):
# img_list.append(
# scan_line(
# j, world, cam,
# image_width, image_height,
# samples_per_pixel, max_depth
# )
# )
# # Profile epilogue
# pr.disable()
# s = io.StringIO()
# sortby = SortKey.CUMULATIVE
# ps = pstats.Stats(pr, stream=s).sort_stats(sortby)
# ps.print_stats()
# print(s.getvalue())
final_img = Img(image_width, image_height)
final_img.set_array(np.concatenate([img.frame for img in img_list]))
end_time = time.time()
print(f"\nDone. Total time: {round(end_time - start_time, 1)} s.")
final_img.save("./output.png", True)
def three_ball_scene() -> HittableList:
world = HittableList()
world.add(Sphere(Point3(0, 0, -1), 0.5, Lambertian(Color(0.1, 0.2, 0.5))))
world.add(
Sphere(Point3(0, -100.5, -1), 100, Lambertian(Color(0.8, 0.8, 0))))
world.add(Sphere(Point3(1, 0, -1), 0.5, Metal(Color(0.8, 0.6, 0.2), 0.3)))
world.add(Sphere(Point3(-1, 0, -1), 0.5, Dielectric(1.5)))
world.add(Sphere(Point3(-1, 0, -1), -0.45, Dielectric(1.5)))
return world
def main() -> None:
aspect_ratio = 16 / 9
image_width = 1920
image_height = int(image_width / aspect_ratio)
samples_per_pixel = 48
max_depth = 10
world: HittableList = random_scene()
lookfrom = Point3(13, 2, 3)
lookat = Point3(0, 0, 0)
vup = Vec3(0, 1, 0)
vfov = 20
dist_to_focus: float = 10
aperture: float = 0.1
cam = Camera(lookfrom, lookat, vup, vfov, aspect_ratio, aperture,
dist_to_focus)
print("Start rendering.")
start_time = time.time()
img_list: List[Vec3List] = Parallel(n_jobs=4, verbose=20)(
delayed(scan_frame)(world, cam, image_width, image_height, max_depth)
for s in range(samples_per_pixel))
# # Profile prologue
# import cProfile
# import pstats
# import io
# from pstats import SortKey
# pr = cProfile.Profile()
# pr.enable()
# img_list: List[Vec3List] = list()
# for sample_num in range(samples_per_pixel):
# img_list.append(
# scan_frame(world, cam, image_width, image_height, max_depth)
# )
# # Profile epilogue
# pr.disable()
# s = io.StringIO()
# sortby = SortKey.CUMULATIVE
# ps = pstats.Stats(pr, stream=s).sort_stats(sortby)
# ps.print_stats()
# print(s.getvalue())
end_time = time.time()
print(f"\nDone. Total time: {round(end_time - start_time, 1)} s.")
final_img = Img(image_width, image_height)
for img in img_list:
final_img.write_frame(img)
final_img.average(samples_per_pixel).gamma(2).up_side_down()
final_img.save("./output.png", True)
def surrounding_box(box0: AABB, box1: AABB) -> AABB:
small = Point3(min(box0.min().x(),
box1.min().x()), min(box0.min().y(),
box1.min().y()),
min(box0.min().z(),
box1.min().z()))
big = Point3(max(box0.max().x(),
box1.max().x()), max(box0.max().y(),
box1.max().y()),
max(box0.max().z(),
box1.max().z()))
return AABB(small, big)
def three_ball_scene():
world = HittableList()
world.add(
Sphere(Point3(0, 0, -1), 0.5, Lambertian(Color(0.1, 0.2, 0.5), 1)))
world.add(
Sphere(Point3(0, -100.5, -1), 100, Lambertian(Color(0.8, 0.8, 0), 2)))
world.add(
Sphere(Point3(1, 0, -1), 0.5, Metal(Color(0.8, 0.6, 0.2), 0.3, 3)))
material_dielectric = Dielectric(1.5, 4)
world.add(Sphere(Point3(-1, 0, -1), 0.5, material_dielectric))
world.add(Sphere(Point3(-1, 0, -1), -0.45, material_dielectric))
return world
def __init__(self,
origin: Point3 = Point3(),
direction: Vec3 = Vec3(),
time: float = 0) -> None:
self.orig = origin
self.dir = direction
self.tm = time
def three_ball_scene(aspect_ratio: float, time0: float, time1: float) \
-> Tuple[BVHNode, Camera]:
world = HittableList()
world.add(
Sphere(Point3(0, 0, -1), 0.5, Lambertian(SolidColor(0.1, 0.2, 0.5))))
world.add(
Sphere(Point3(0, -100.5, -1), 100, Lambertian(SolidColor(0.8, 0.8,
0))))
world.add(Sphere(Point3(1, 0, -1), 0.5, Metal(Color(0.8, 0.6, 0.2), 0.3)))
world.add(Sphere(Point3(-1, 0, -1), 0.5, Dielectric(1.5)))
world.add(Sphere(Point3(-1, 0, -1), -0.45, Dielectric(1.5)))
world_bvh = BVHNode(world.objects, time0, time1)
lookfrom = Point3(3, 3, 2)
lookat = Point3(0, 0, -1)
vup = Vec3(0, 1, 0)
vfov = 20
dist_to_focus: float = (lookfrom - lookat).length()
aperture: float = 0
cam = Camera(lookfrom, lookat, vup, vfov, aspect_ratio, aperture,
dist_to_focus, time0, time1)
# lookfrom = Point3(13, 2, 3)
# lookat = Point3(0, 0, 0)
# vup = Vec3(0, 1, 0)
# vfov = 20
# dist_to_focus: float = 10
# aperture: float = 0.1
# cam = Camera(
# lookfrom, lookat, vup, vfov, aspect_ratio, aperture, dist_to_focus,
# time0, time1
# )
return world_bvh, cam
def two_perlin_spheres(aspect_ratio: float, time0: float, time1: float) \
-> Tuple[BVHNode, Camera]:
world = HittableList()
pertext = NoiseTexture(4)
world.add(Sphere(Point3(0, -1000, 0), 1000, Lambertian(pertext)))
world.add(Sphere(Point3(0, 2, 0), 2, Lambertian(pertext)))
world_bvh = BVHNode(world.objects, time0, time1)
lookfrom = Point3(13, 2, 3)
lookat = Point3(0, 0, 0)
vup = Vec3(0, 1, 0)
vfov = 20
dist_to_focus: float = 10
aperture: float = 0
cam = Camera(lookfrom, lookat, vup, vfov, aspect_ratio, aperture,
dist_to_focus, time0, time1)
return world_bvh, cam
def turb(self, p: Point3, depth: int = 7) -> float:
accum: float = 0
weight: float = 1
temp_p = p.copy()
for i in range(depth):
accum += weight * self.noise(temp_p)
weight *= 0.5
temp_p *= 2
return np.abs(accum)
def random_scene(aspect_ratio: float, time0: float, time1: float) \
-> Tuple[BVHNode, Camera]:
world = HittableList()
# ground_material = Lambertian(SolidColor(0.5, 0.5, 0.5))
ground_material = Lambertian(
CheckerTexture(SolidColor(0.2, 0.3, 0.1), SolidColor(0.9, 0.9, 0.9)))
world.add(Sphere(Point3(0, -1000, 0), 1000, ground_material))
for a in range(-11, 11):
for b in range(-11, 11):
choose_mat = random_float()
center = Point3(a + 0.9 * random_float(), 0.2,
b + 0.9 * random_float())
if (center - Vec3(4, 0.2, 0)).length() > 0.9:
if choose_mat < 0.6:
# Diffuse
albedo = Color.random() * Color.random()
sphere_material_diffuse = Lambertian(SolidColor(albedo))
center2 = center + Vec3(0, random_float(0, 0.5), 0)
world.add(
MovingSphere(center, center2, 0, 1, 0.2,
sphere_material_diffuse))
elif choose_mat < 0.8:
# Metal
albedo = Color.random(0.5, 1)
fuzz = random_float(0, 0.5)
sphere_material_metal = Metal(albedo, fuzz)
world.add(Sphere(center, 0.2, sphere_material_metal))
else:
# Glass
sphere_material_glass = Dielectric(1.5)
world.add(Sphere(center, 0.2, sphere_material_glass))
material_1 = Dielectric(1.5)
world.add(Sphere(Point3(0, 1, 0), 1, material_1))
material_2 = Lambertian(SolidColor(0.4, 0.2, 0.1))
world.add(Sphere(Point3(-4, 1, 0), 1, material_2))
material_3 = Metal(Color(0.7, 0.6, 0.5), 0)
world.add(Sphere(Point3(4, 1, 0), 1, material_3))
world_bvh = BVHNode(world.objects, time0, time1)
lookfrom = Point3(13, 2, 3)
lookat = Point3(0, 0, 0)
vup = Vec3(0, 1, 0)
vfov = 20
dist_to_focus: float = 10
aperture: float = 0.1
cam = Camera(lookfrom, lookat, vup, vfov, aspect_ratio, aperture,
dist_to_focus, time0, time1)
return world_bvh, cam
def two_spheres(aspect_ratio: float, time0: float, time1: float) \
-> Tuple[BVHNode, Camera]:
world = HittableList()
checker = CheckerTexture(SolidColor(0.2, 0.3, 0.1),
SolidColor(0.9, 0.9, 0.9))
world.add(Sphere(Point3(0, -10, 0), 10, Lambertian(checker)))
world.add(Sphere(Point3(0, 10, 0), 10, Lambertian(checker)))
world_bvh = BVHNode(world.objects, time0, time1)
lookfrom = Point3(13, 2, 3)
lookat = Point3(0, 0, 0)
vup = Vec3(0, 1, 0)
vfov = 20
dist_to_focus: float = 10
aperture: float = 0
cam = Camera(lookfrom, lookat, vup, vfov, aspect_ratio, aperture,
dist_to_focus, time0, time1)
return world_bvh, cam
def earth(aspect_ratio: float, time0: float, time1: float) \
-> Tuple[BVHNode, Camera]:
world = HittableList()
earth_texture = ImageTexture("earthmap.jpg")
earth_surface = Lambertian(earth_texture)
globe = Sphere(Point3(0, 0, 0), 2, earth_surface)
world.add(globe)
world_bvh = BVHNode(world.objects, time0, time1)
lookfrom = Point3(0, 0, -5)
lookat = Point3(0, 0, 0)
vup = Vec3(0, 1, 0)
vfov = 50
dist_to_focus: float = 10
aperture: float = 0
cam = Camera(lookfrom, lookat, vup, vfov, aspect_ratio, aperture,
dist_to_focus, time0, time1)
return world_bvh, cam
def random_scene() -> HittableList:
world = HittableList()
ground_material = Lambertian(Color(0.5, 0.5, 0.5), 1)
world.add(Sphere(Point3(0, -1000, 0), 1000, ground_material))
sphere_material_glass = Dielectric(1.5, 2)
for a in range(-11, 11):
for b in range(-11, 11):
choose_mat = random_float()
center = Point3(a + 0.9 * random_float(), 0.2,
b + 0.9 * random_float())
if (center - Vec3(4, 0.2, 0)).length() > 0.9:
idx = (a * 22 + b) + (11 * 22 + 11) + 6
if choose_mat < 0.6:
# Diffuse
albedo = Color.random() * Color.random()
sphere_material_diffuse = Lambertian(albedo, idx)
world.add(Sphere(center, 0.2, sphere_material_diffuse))
elif choose_mat < 0.8:
# Metal
albedo = Color.random(0.5, 1)
fuzz = random_float(0, 0.5)
sphere_material_metal = Metal(albedo, fuzz, idx)
world.add(Sphere(center, 0.2, sphere_material_metal))
else:
# Glass
world.add(Sphere(center, 0.2, sphere_material_glass))
material_1 = Dielectric(1.5, 3)
world.add(Sphere(Point3(0, 1, 0), 1, material_1))
material_2 = Lambertian(Color(0.4, 0.2, 0.1), 4)
world.add(Sphere(Point3(-4, 1, 0), 1, material_2))
material_3 = Metal(Color(0.7, 0.6, 0.5), 0, 5)
world.add(Sphere(Point3(4, 1, 0), 1, material_3))
return world
def noise(self, p: Point3) -> float:
u = p.x() - np.floor(p.x())
v = p.y() - np.floor(p.y())
w = p.z() - np.floor(p.z())
i = int(np.floor(p.x()))
j = int(np.floor(p.y()))
k = int(np.floor(p.z()))
c: List[List[List[Vec3]]] = np.empty((2, 2, 2), dtype=object)
for di in range(2):
for dj in range(2):
for dk in range(2):
c[di][dj][dk] = self.ranvec[self.perm_x[(i + di) & 255]
^ self.perm_y[(j + dj) & 255]
^ self.perm_z[(k + dk) & 255]]
return Perlin.trilinear_interp(c, u, v, w)
def simple_light(aspect_ratio: float, time0: float, time1: float) \
-> Tuple[BVHNode, Camera]:
world = HittableList()
pertext = NoiseTexture(4)
world.add(Sphere(Point3(0, -1000, 0), 1000, Lambertian(pertext)))
world.add(Sphere(Point3(0, 2, 0), 2, Lambertian(pertext)))
difflight = DiffuseLight(SolidColor(4, 4, 4))
world.add(Sphere(Point3(0, 7, 0), 2, difflight))
world.add(XYRect(3, 5, 1, 3, -2, difflight))
world_bvh = BVHNode(world.objects, time0, time1)
lookfrom = Point3(23, 4, 5)
lookat = Point3(0, 2, 0)
vup = Vec3(0, 1, 0)
vfov = 20
dist_to_focus: float = 10
aperture: float = 0
cam = Camera(lookfrom, lookat, vup, vfov, aspect_ratio, aperture,
dist_to_focus, time0, time1)
return world_bvh, cam
def cornell_box(aspect_ratio: float, time0: float, time1: float) \
-> Tuple[BVHNode, Camera]:
world = HittableList()
# Colors
red = Lambertian(SolidColor(0.65, 0.05, 0.05))
white = Lambertian(SolidColor(0.73, 0.73, 0.73))
green = Lambertian(SolidColor(0.12, 0.45, 0.15))
light = DiffuseLight(SolidColor(15, 15, 15))
# Outer box
world.add(FlipFace(YZRect(0, 555, 0, 555, 555, green)))
world.add(YZRect(0, 555, 0, 555, 0, red))
world.add(XZRect(213, 343, 227, 332, 554, light))
world.add(XZRect(0, 555, 0, 555, 0, white))
world.add(FlipFace(XZRect(0, 555, 0, 555, 555, white)))
world.add(FlipFace(XYRect(0, 555, 0, 555, 555, white)))
# Objects in the box
box1: Hittable = Box(Vec3(0, 0, 0), Point3(165, 330, 165), white)
box1 = RotateY(box1, 15)
box1 = Translate(box1, Point3(265, 0, 295))
box1 = ConstantMedium(box1, 0.01, SolidColor(0, 0, 0))
world.add(box1)
box2: Hittable = Box(Point3(0, 0, 0), Point3(165, 165, 165), white)
box2 = RotateY(box2, -18)
box2 = Translate(box2, Point3(130, 0, 65))
box2 = ConstantMedium(box2, 0.01, SolidColor(1, 1, 1))
world.add(box2)
world_bvh = BVHNode(world.objects, time0, time1)
lookfrom = Point3(278, 278, -800)
lookat = Point3(278, 278, 0)
vup = Vec3(0, 1, 0)
vfov = 40
dist_to_focus: float = 10
aperture: float = 0
cam = Camera(lookfrom, lookat, vup, vfov, aspect_ratio, aperture,
dist_to_focus, time0, time1)
return world_bvh, cam
def __init__(
self, _min: Point3 = Point3(), _max: Point3 = Point3()) -> None:
self._min = _min
self._max = _max
def bounding_box(self, t0: float, t1: float) -> Optional[AABB]:
output_box = AABB(
Point3(self.k-0.0001, self.y0, self.z0),
Point3(self.k+0.0001, self.y1, self.z1)
)
return output_box
def __init__(
self, origin: Point3 = Point3(), direction: Vec3 = Vec3()) -> None:
self.orig = origin
self.dir = direction
def __init__(self, origin = Point3(), direction = Vec3()):
self.o = origin
self.d = direction
def __init__(self, p0: Point3, p1: Point3, mat: Material) -> None:
self.box_min = p0
self.box_max = p1
self.sides = HittableList()
self.sides.add(XYRect(p0.x(), p1.x(), p0.y(), p1.y(), p1.z(), mat))
self.sides.add(
FlipFace(XYRect(p0.x(), p1.x(), p0.y(), p1.y(), p0.z(), mat)))
self.sides.add(XZRect(p0.x(), p1.x(), p0.z(), p1.z(), p1.y(), mat))
self.sides.add(
FlipFace(XZRect(p0.x(), p1.x(), p0.z(), p1.z(), p0.y(), mat)))
self.sides.add(YZRect(p0.y(), p1.y(), p0.z(), p1.z(), p1.x(), mat))
self.sides.add(
FlipFace(YZRect(p0.y(), p1.y(), p0.z(), p1.z(), p0.x(), mat)))
def value(self, u: float, v: float, p: Point3) -> Color:
# return Color(1, 1, 1) * 0.5 * (1 + self.noise.noise(self.scale * p))
# return Color(1, 1, 1) * self.noise.turb(self.scale * p)
return (Color(1, 1, 1) * 0.5 *
(1 + np.sin(self.scale * p.z() + 10 * self.noise.turb(p))))
def value(self, u: float, v: float, p: Point3) -> Color:
sines = np.sin(10 * p.x()) * np.sin(10 * p.y()) * np.sin(10 * p.z())
if sines < 0:
return self.odd.value(u, v, p)
else:
return self.even.value(u, v, p)
def final_scene(aspect_ratio: float, time0: float, time1: float) \
-> Tuple[BVHNode, Camera]:
world = HittableList()
# Ground
boxes1 = HittableList()
ground = Lambertian(SolidColor(0.48, 0.83, 0.53))
boxes_per_side = 20
for i in range(boxes_per_side):
for j in range(boxes_per_side):
w = 100
x0 = -1000 + i * w
z0 = -1000 + j * w
y0 = 0
x1 = x0 + w
y1 = random_float(1, 101)
z1 = z0 + w
boxes1.add(Box(Point3(x0, y0, x0), Point3(x1, y1, z1), ground))
world.add(BVHNode(boxes1.objects, time0, time1))
# Light
light = DiffuseLight(SolidColor(7, 7, 7))
world.add(XZRect(123, 423, 147, 412, 554, light))
# Moving sphere
center1 = Point3(400, 400, 200)
center2 = center1 + Vec3(30, 0, 0)
moving_sphere_material = Lambertian(SolidColor(0.7, 0.3, 0.1))
world.add(MovingSphere(center1, center2, 0, 1, 50, moving_sphere_material))
# Dielectric & metal balls
world.add(Sphere(Point3(260, 150, 45), 50, Dielectric(1.5)))
world.add(
Sphere(Point3(0, 150, 145), 50, Metal(Color(0.8, 0.8, 0.9), 10.0)))
# The subsurface reflection sphere
boundary = Sphere(Point3(360, 150, 145), 70, Dielectric(1.5))
world.add(boundary)
world.add(ConstantMedium(boundary, 0.2, SolidColor(0.2, 0.4, 0.9)))
# Big thin mist
mist = Sphere(Point3(0, 0, 0), 5000, Dielectric(1.5))
world.add(ConstantMedium(mist, 0.0001, SolidColor(1, 1, 1)))
# Earth and marble ball
emat = Lambertian(ImageTexture("earthmap.jpg"))
world.add(Sphere(Point3(400, 200, 400), 100, emat))
pertext = NoiseTexture(0.1)
world.add(Sphere(Point3(220, 280, 300), 80, Lambertian(pertext)))
# Foam
boxes2 = HittableList()
white = Lambertian(SolidColor(0.73, 0.73, 0.73))
ns = 1000
for j in range(ns):
boxes2.add(Sphere(Point3.random(0, 165), 10, white))
world.add(
Translate(RotateY(BVHNode(boxes2.objects, time0, time1), 15),
Vec3(-100, 270, 395)))
world_bvh = BVHNode(world.objects, time0, time1)
lookfrom = Point3(478, 278, -600)
lookat = Point3(278, 278, 0)
vup = Vec3(0, 1, 0)
vfov = 40
dist_to_focus: float = 10
aperture: float = 0
cam = Camera(lookfrom, lookat, vup, vfov, aspect_ratio, aperture,
dist_to_focus, time0, time1)
return world_bvh, cam
