def writeAvi(filename, images, duration=0.1, encoding='mpeg4',
inputOptions='', outputOptions='' ):
""" writeAvi(filename, duration=0.1, encoding='mpeg4',
inputOptions='', outputOptions='')
Export movie to a AVI file, which is encoded with the given
encoding. Hint for Windows users: the 'msmpeg4v2' codec is
natively supported on Windows.
Images should be a list consisting of PIL images or numpy arrays.
The latter should be between 0 and 255 for integer types, and
between 0 and 1 for float types.
Requires the "ffmpeg" application:
* Most linux users can install using their package manager
* There is a windows installer on the visvis website
"""
# Get fps
try:
fps = float(1.0/duration)
except Exception:
raise ValueError("Invalid duration parameter for writeAvi.")
# Determine temp dir and create images
tempDir = os.path.join( os.path.expanduser('~'), '.tempIms')
images2ims.writeIms( os.path.join(tempDir, 'im*.jpg'), images)
# Determine formatter
N = len(images)
formatter = '%04d'
if N < 10:
formatter = '%d'
elif N < 100:
formatter = '%02d'
elif N < 1000:
formatter = '%03d'
# Compile command to create avi
command = "ffmpeg -r %i %s " % (int(fps), inputOptions)
command += "-i im%s.jpg " % (formatter,)
command += "-g 1 -vcodec %s %s " % (encoding, outputOptions)
command += "output.avi"
# Run ffmpeg
S = subprocess.Popen(command, shell=True, cwd=tempDir,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
# Show what ffmpeg has to say
outPut = S.stdout.read()
if S.wait():
# An error occured, show
print(outPut)
print(S.stderr.read())
# Clean up
_cleanDir(tempDir)
raise RuntimeError("Could not write avi.")
else:
# Copy avi
shutil.copy(os.path.join(tempDir, 'output.avi'), filename)
# Clean up
_cleanDir(tempDir)
def movieWrite(filename, images, duration=0.1, repeat=True, **kwargs):
""" movieWrite(fname, images, duration=0.1, repeat=True, **kwargs)
Write the movie specified in images to GIF, SWF, AVI/MPEG, or a series
of images (PNG,JPG,TIF,BMP).
General parameters
------------------
filename : string
The name of the file to write the image to. For a series of images,
the `*` wildcard can be used.
images : list
Should be a list consisting of PIL images or numpy arrays.
The latter should be between 0 and 255 for integer types,
and between 0 and 1 for float types.
duration : scalar
The duration for all frames. For GIF and SWF this can also be a list
that specifies the duration for each frame. (For swf the durations
are rounded to integer amounts of the smallest duration.)
repeat : bool or integer
Can be used in GIF and SWF to indicate that the movie should
loop. For GIF, an integer can be given to specify the number of loops.
Special GIF parameters
----------------------
dither : bool
Whether to apply dithering
nq : integer
If nonzero, applies the NeuQuant quantization algorithm to create
the color palette. This algorithm is superior, but slower than
the standard PIL algorithm. The value of nq is the quality
parameter. 1 represents the best quality. 10 is in general a
good tradeoff between quality and speed. When using this option,
better results are usually obtained when subRectangles is False.
subRectangles : False, True, or a list of 2-element tuples
Whether to use sub-rectangles. If True, the minimal rectangle that
is required to update each frame is automatically detected. This
can give significant reductions in file size, particularly if only
a part of the image changes. One can also give a list of x-y
coordinates if you want to do the cropping yourself. The default
is True.
dispose : int
How to dispose each frame. 1 means that each frame is to be left
in place. 2 means the background color should be restored after
each frame. 3 means the decoder should restore the previous frame.
If subRectangles==False, the default is 2, otherwise it is 1.
Special AVI/MPEG parameters
---------------------------
encoding : {'mpeg4', 'msmpeg4v2', ...}
The encoding to use. Hint for Windows users: the 'msmpeg4v2' codec
is natively supported on Windows.
inputOptions : string
See the documentation of ffmpeg
outputOptions : string
See the documentation of ffmpeg
Notes for writing a series of images
------------------------------------
If the filenenumber contains an asterix, a sequence number is introduced
at its location. Otherwise the sequence number is introduced right before
the final dot. To enable easy creation of a new directory with image
files, it is made sure that the full path exists.
Notes for writing AVI/MPEG
--------------------------
Writing AVI requires the "ffmpeg" application:
* Most linux users can install it using their package manager.
* There is a windows installer on the visvis website.
Notes on compression and limitations
------------------------------------
* GIF: Requires PIL. Animated GIF applies a color-table of maximal
256 colors. It's widely applicable though. Reading back GIF images
can be problematic due to the applied color reductions and because
of problems with PIL.
* SWF: Provides lossless storage of movie frames with good (ZLIB)
compression. Reading of SWF files is limited to images stored using
ZLIB compression. Requires no external libraries.
* AVI: Requires ffmpeg. Provides excelent mpeg4 (or any other supported
by ffmpeg) compression. Not intended for reading very large movies.
* IMS: Requires PIL. Quality depends on the used image type. Use png for
lossless compression and jpg otherwise.
"""
# Test images
if not isinstance(images, (tuple, list)):
raise ValueError("Images should be a tuple or list.")
if not images:
raise ValueError("List of images is empty.")
# Get extension
EXT = os.path.splitext(filename)[1]
EXT = EXT[1:].upper()
# Start timer
t0 = time.time()
# Write
if EXT == 'GIF':
writeGif(filename, images, duration, repeat, **kwargs)
elif EXT == 'SWF':
writeSwf(filename, images, duration, repeat, **kwargs)
elif EXT in videoTypes:
writeAvi(filename, images, duration, **kwargs)
elif EXT in imageTypes:
writeIms(filename, images, **kwargs)
else:
raise ValueError('Given file extension not valid: '+EXT)
# Stop timer
t1 = time.time()
dt = t1-t0
# Notify
print("Wrote %i frames to %s in %1.2f seconds (%1.0f ms/frame)" %
(len(images), EXT, dt, 1000*dt/len(images)) )
def writeAvi(filename,
images,
duration=0.1,
encoding='mpeg4',
inputOptions='',
outputOptions=''):
""" writeAvi(filename, duration=0.1, encoding='mpeg4',
inputOptions='', outputOptions='')
Export movie to a AVI file, which is encoded with the given
encoding. Hint for Windows users: the 'msmpeg4v2' codec is
natively supported on Windows.
Images should be a list consisting of PIL images or numpy arrays.
The latter should be between 0 and 255 for integer types, and
between 0 and 1 for float types.
Requires the "ffmpeg" application:
* Most linux users can install using their package manager
* There is a windows installer on the visvis website
"""
# Get fps
try:
fps = float(1.0 / duration)
except Exception:
raise ValueError("Invalid duration parameter for writeAvi.")
# Determine temp dir and create images
tempDir = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser('~'), '.tempIms')
images2ims.writeIms(os.path.join(tempDir, 'im*.jpg'), images)
# Determine formatter
N = len(images)
formatter = '%04d'
if N < 10:
formatter = '%d'
elif N < 100:
formatter = '%02d'
elif N < 1000:
formatter = '%03d'
# Compile command to create avi
command = "ffmpeg -r %i %s " % (int(fps), inputOptions)
command += "-i im%s.jpg " % (formatter, )
command += "-g 1 -vcodec %s %s " % (encoding, outputOptions)
command += "output.avi"
# Run ffmpeg
S = subprocess.Popen(command,
shell=True,
cwd=tempDir,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
# Show what ffmpeg has to say
outPut = S.stdout.read()
if S.wait():
# An error occured, show
print(outPut)
print(S.stderr.read())
# Clean up
_cleanDir(tempDir)
raise RuntimeError("Could not write avi.")
else:
# Copy avi
shutil.copy(os.path.join(tempDir, 'output.avi'), filename)
# Clean up
_cleanDir(tempDir)
def movieWrite(filename, images, duration=0.1, repeat=True, **kwargs):
""" movieWrite(fname, images, duration=0.1, repeat=True, **kwargs)
Write the movie specified in images to GIF, SWF, AVI/MPEG, or a series
of images (PNG,JPG,TIF,BMP).
General parameters
------------------
filename : string
The name of the file to write the image to. For a series of images,
the `*` wildcard can be used.
images : list
Should be a list consisting of PIL images or numpy arrays.
The latter should be between 0 and 255 for integer types,
and between 0 and 1 for float types.
duration : scalar
The duration for all frames. For GIF and SWF this can also be a list
that specifies the duration for each frame. (For swf the durations
are rounded to integer amounts of the smallest duration.)
repeat : bool or integer
Can be used in GIF and SWF to indicate that the movie should
loop. For GIF, an integer can be given to specify the number of loops.
Special GIF parameters
----------------------
dither : bool
Whether to apply dithering
nq : integer
If nonzero, applies the NeuQuant quantization algorithm to create
the color palette. This algorithm is superior, but slower than
the standard PIL algorithm. The value of nq is the quality
parameter. 1 represents the best quality. 10 is in general a
good tradeoff between quality and speed. When using this option,
better results are usually obtained when subRectangles is False.
subRectangles : False, True, or a list of 2-element tuples
Whether to use sub-rectangles. If True, the minimal rectangle that
is required to update each frame is automatically detected. This
can give significant reductions in file size, particularly if only
a part of the image changes. One can also give a list of x-y
coordinates if you want to do the cropping yourself. The default
is True.
dispose : int
How to dispose each frame. 1 means that each frame is to be left
in place. 2 means the background color should be restored after
each frame. 3 means the decoder should restore the previous frame.
If subRectangles==False, the default is 2, otherwise it is 1.
Special AVI/MPEG parameters
---------------------------
encoding : {'mpeg4', 'msmpeg4v2', ...}
The encoding to use. Hint for Windows users: the 'msmpeg4v2' codec
is natively supported on Windows.
inputOptions : string
See the documentation of ffmpeg
outputOptions : string
See the documentation of ffmpeg
Notes for writing a series of images
------------------------------------
If the filenenumber contains an asterix, a sequence number is introduced
at its location. Otherwise the sequence number is introduced right before
the final dot. To enable easy creation of a new directory with image
files, it is made sure that the full path exists.
Notes for writing AVI/MPEG
--------------------------
Writing AVI requires the "ffmpeg" application:
* Most linux users can install it using their package manager.
* There is a windows installer on the visvis website.
Notes on compression and limitations
------------------------------------
* GIF: Requires PIL. Animated GIF applies a color-table of maximal
256 colors. It's widely applicable though. Reading back GIF images
can be problematic due to the applied color reductions and because
of problems with PIL.
* SWF: Provides lossless storage of movie frames with good (ZLIB)
compression. Reading of SWF files is limited to images stored using
ZLIB compression. Requires no external libraries.
* AVI: Requires ffmpeg. Provides excelent mpeg4 (or any other supported
by ffmpeg) compression. Not intended for reading very large movies.
* IMS: Requires PIL. Quality depends on the used image type. Use png for
lossless compression and jpg otherwise.
"""
# Test images
if not isinstance(images, (tuple, list)):
raise ValueError("Images should be a tuple or list.")
if not images:
raise ValueError("List of images is empty.")
# Get extension
EXT = os.path.splitext(filename)[1]
EXT = EXT[1:].upper()
# Start timer
t0 = time.time()
# Write
if EXT == 'GIF':
writeGif(filename, images, duration, repeat, **kwargs)
elif EXT == 'SWF':
writeSwf(filename, images, duration, repeat, **kwargs)
elif EXT in videoTypes:
writeAvi(filename, images, duration, **kwargs)
elif EXT in imageTypes:
writeIms(filename, images, **kwargs)
else:
raise ValueError('Given file extension not valid: ' + EXT)
# Stop timer
t1 = time.time()
dt = t1 - t0
# Notify
print("Wrote %i frames to %s in %1.2f seconds (%1.0f ms/frame)" %
(len(images), EXT, dt, 1000 * dt / len(images)))