Ejemplo n.º 1
0
 def territoryConquered(self, base, target, defender):
     self.addCard = True
     self.choice = False
     GUI.updateBoard(target)
     GUI.highlight(base, False) 
     self.eliminated(defender)
     if Data.checkWin():
         #break out of attack - handle win
         logging.info(Data.playerList[self.player].name+' wins')
         UI.box1 = Data.playerList[self.player].name+' Wins!'
         UI.box2 = 'World Domination Complete'
         UI.box3 = 'Interested in a rematch?'
         UI.update()
         self.pick = False
     else:
         logging.info('Territory conquered')
         UI.box3 = 'Territory conquered'
         UI.update()
         if Data.terrList[base].units > 1:
             troops = Data.terrList[base].units - 1
             Data.terrList[base].units -= troops
             GUI.displayUnits()
             GUI.drawLines(base, target)
             self.placement(troops, base, target)
         bonus = self.cardChoice(False)
         if bonus > 0:
             self.placement(bonus)
Ejemplo n.º 2
0
 def eliminated(self, defender):
     if Data.playerList[defender].units == 0 and Data.playerList[defender].terr == 0:
         c = Data.playerList[defender].cards
         Data.playerList[defender].cards = 0
         Data.playerList[self.player].cards += c
         UI.eliminatedLine(defender)
         UI.update()
         return True
     return False
Ejemplo n.º 3
0
 def placing(num):
     Data.terrList[terr].units += num
     if base == None:
         Data.playerList[self.player].units += num
     if num > 1:
         UI.box3 = str(num)+' troops added'
     else:
         UI.box3 = str(num)+' troop added'
     UI.update()
     GUI.highlight(terr, True)
Ejemplo n.º 4
0
 def startingPlace(self):
     self.troops = Data.addNum()
     UI.box1 = Data.playerList[self.player].name+' - '+str(self.troops)+' to Place'
     bonus = self.cardChoice(True)
     if bonus != None:
         self.troops += bonus
         UI.nextMsg = 'Attack'
         UI.box1 = Data.playerList[self.player].name+' - Place Units'
         UI.box3 = 'Click territories to place units'
         UI.update()
         logging.info(str(self.troops)+' troops to add')
         self.placement(self.troops)
Ejemplo n.º 5
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 def attack(self):
     UI.nextMsg = 'Fortify'
     UI.nextHover = False
     UI.update()
     #loop to get appropriate attacking territory or advance to fortify
     while self.pick and not self.restart:
         UI.nextColor = True
         UI.box1 = Data.playerList[self.player].name+' - Attack'
         UI.box2 = 'Select one of your territories'
         UI.box3 = 'to launch attack from'
         UI.update()
         base = self.clickMapAny(True)
         if base == None or not base:
             self.pick = False
         else:
             self.choice = True
             #set default troops to max attackers, can be changed by player
             self.numAttackers = min(Data.terrList[base].units-1, 3)
             UI.numBoxSetArray(base, self.numAttackers)
             #loop to get target or handle break to send back to first loop
             while self.choice and not self.restart:
                 UI.nextColor = False
                 UI.update()
                 GUI.drawLines(base, None)
                 target = self.clickMapSpecific(base)
                 if target != None and target != False:
                     #roll dice, handle results
                     defender = Data.terrList[target].owner
                     attLoss, defLoss, change = self.dice(base, target)
                     logging.info('Attacker lost '+str(attLoss)+', defender lost '+str(defLoss)+', change: '+str(change))
                     UI.box2 = ('You lost '+str(attLoss)+', defender lost '+str(defLoss))
                     UI.box3 = ('Click to attack again or water to reset')
                     UI.update()
                     #handle for less available attackers
                     if Data.terrList[base].units-1 < self.numAttackers:
                         self.numAttackers = Data.terrList[base].units-1
                     GUI.displayUnits()
                     #not enough units to keep attacking
                     if change == False:
                         logging.info('Too few units to continue attacking')
                         GUI.highlight(base, False)
                         GUI.highlight(target, False)
                         self.choice = False
                     #territory conquered
                     if change:
                         self.territoryConquered(base, target, defender)
Ejemplo n.º 6
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 def fortify(self):
     UI.nextMsg = 'End Turn'
     UI.nextHover = False
     UI.box1 = Data.playerList[self.player].name+' - Fortify'
     UI.update()
     while self.done and not self.restart:
         UI.nextColor = True
         UI.box2 = ('Select territory to move units')
         UI.box3 = ('Click \'End Turn\' when finished')
         UI.update()
         base = self.clickMapAny(False)
         if base == None or not base:
             break 
         else:
             troops = Data.terrList[base].units - 1
             Data.terrList[base].units -= troops
             GUI.highlight(base, False)
             self.placement(troops, base, False)
             GUI.setMap()
Ejemplo n.º 7
0
 def placement(self, troops, base=None, style=None):
     troops = troops
     def placing(num):
         Data.terrList[terr].units += num
         if base == None:
             Data.playerList[self.player].units += num
         if num > 1:
             UI.box3 = str(num)+' troops added'
         else:
             UI.box3 = str(num)+' troop added'
         UI.update()
         GUI.highlight(terr, True)
     UI.nextColor = False
     #loop while there are troops to place
     while troops > 0 and not self.restart:
         UI.box2 = str(troops)+' unit(s) to place'
         UI.update()
         if style == None:
             terr, click = self.clickMapAny()
         else:
             GUI.drawLines(base, style)
             terr, click = self.clickMapSpecific(base, style)
         if click != None:
             #left click places one unit
             if click == 1:
                 placing(1)
                 troops -= 1
             #right click places multiple units - 10, 5, or remaining
             elif click == 3:
                 #if more than 50 troops to place, place 10 at a time
                 if troops >= 50:
                     placing(10)
                     troops -= 10
                 #if less than 50 but more than 5, place 5 at a time
                 elif 50 > troops > 5:
                     placing(5)
                     troops -= 5
                 #if less than 5 troops, place remaining 
                 else:
                     placing(troops)
                     troops -= troops
             time.sleep(.05)
             GUI.highlight(terr, False)
Ejemplo n.º 8
0
 def rematch(self):
     UI.nextMsg = 'Rematch'
     UI.nextColor = True
     UI.nextHover = True
     UI.update()
     while True and not self.restart:
         (x,y), click = getMouseClick(True)
         if 305 < x < 333 and 518 < y < 546:
             Intro.menu()
             if Data.reset == True:
                 self.breakMove()
         elif 618 < x < 717 and 518 < y < 546:
             if click == 1:
                 #handle for rematch
                 logging.info('Rematch selected')
                 Data.reset = True
                 self.breakMove()
         else:
             continue
Ejemplo n.º 9
0
 def cardChoice(self, style):
     bonus = 0
     cashing = style
     additional = False
     #handle for eliminated player
     if not style:
         cards = Data.playerList[self.player].cards
         if cards >= 6:
             while cards > 4:
                 bonus += Data.getCardCash()
                 Data.cardCount += 1
                 cards -= 3
             if bonus > 0:
                 UI.box3 = ('Cards cashed - '+str(bonus)+' extra units')
                 UI.update()
         return bonus
     #handle for beginning of turn
     while cashing and not self.restart:
         cards = Data.playerList[self.player].cards
         if cards < 3:
             #not enough to cash
             cashing = False
             if bonus == 0:
                 UI.box3 = 'Select territories to place units'
             return bonus
         elif cards >= 5:
             #forced to cash
             bonus += Data.getCardCash()
             Data.cardCount += 1
             logging.info('Cards cashed - '+str(bonus)+' extra units')
             UI.box3 = ('Cards cashed - '+str(bonus)+' extra units added')
             UI.update()
             additional = True
         elif 3 <= cards < 5:
             #handle if given a choice to cash
             if additional:
                 UI.box1 = Data.playerList[self.player].name+' - '+str(self.troops+bonus)+' to Place'
                 UI.box2 = 'Would you like to cash extra cards?'
             else:
                 UI.box2 = 'Would you like to cash your cards?'
                 UI.box3 = 'Click \'Cash\' if so or click the map'
             UI.nextMsg = 'Cash'
             UI.nextColor = True
             UI.nextHover = False
             UI.update()
             #get click - map if not cashing, button if cashing
             while True and not self.restart:
                 (x,y), click = getMouseClick(True)
                 if y < 512:
                     logging.info('Player not cashing')
                     cashing = False
                     return bonus
                 elif 305 < x < 333 and 518 < y < 546:
                     Intro.menu()
                     if Data.reset == True:
                         logging.info('Restart selected')
                         self.breakMove()
                         return None
                 elif 618 < x < 717 and 518 < y < 546:
                     if click == 1:
                         bonus += Data.getCardCash()
                         Data.cardCount += 1
                         logging.info('Cards cashed - '+str(bonus)+' extra units')
                         UI.box3 = ('Cards cashed - '+str(bonus)+' extra units added')
                         choice = False
                         return bonus
                 else:
                     continue
Ejemplo n.º 10
0
 def tutorial(self, style=False):
     UI.makeButton(black,0,0,GUI.width,GUI.height,'',0)
     UI.makeButton(grey,2,2,GUI.width-4,GUI.height-4,'',0)
     msgA = "This is a Risk simulation I built in python to practice programming. I hope you enjoy it!"
     msgB = "Please take note - there are a few changes from the original rules:"
     msgC = "Initial territory and troop placement is randomized."
     msgD = "Cards have been simplified. You may cash your cards when you have 3 or 4."
     msgE = "Cards are automatically cashed when you have 5 or more."
     msgF = "Attacking territories will default to use the maximum number of dice, but can be changed."
     msgG = "Defending territories will automatically use the maximum number of dice."
     msgH = "Pro Tip: when placing units, you can left click to add 1 or right click to add 5."
     msgI = "If there are less than 5 to add, all of the remaining units will be added."
     msgJ = "You can check out the source code on my github: https://github.com/adsnash"
     msgK = "If you are unfamiliar with the rules of Risk, please visit: http://www.hasbro.com/common/instruct/risk.pdf"
     msgL = "Legal disclaimer: Risk is a registered trademark of Parker Brothers. This simulation is for educational purposes only."
     msgM = "I do not claim to own any of Parker Brothers’ intellectual property. Please don’t sue me!"
     msgAr = [msgB,msgC,msgD,msgE,msgF,msgG,msgH,msgI]
     UI.makeButton(grey,250,20,500,50,'Welcome to my Risk Simulation!',45)
     UI.makeButton(grey,150,80,700,25,msgA,16)
     down = 30
     for i in range(len(msgAr)):
         UI.makeButton(grey,150,(120+(down)*i),700,30,msgAr[i],20)
     UI.makeButton(grey,50,460,900,20,msgJ,16)
     UI.makeButton(grey,50,490,900,20,msgK,16)
     UI.makeButton(grey,50,530,900,20,msgL,13)
     UI.makeButton(grey,50,555,900,20,msgM,13)
     UI.makeButton(black,385,380,180,60,'',0)
     UI.makeButton(red,390,385,170,50,'Got it!',30)
     intro = True
     while intro:
         mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
         click = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()
         for event in pygame.event.get():
             if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                 pygame.quit()
                 sys.exit()
         if 390 < mouse[0] < 390+170 and 385 < mouse[1] < 435:
             UI.makeButton(brightRed,390,385,170,50,'Got it!',30)
             if click[0] == 1:
                 intro = False
         else:
             UI.makeButton(red,390,385,170,50,'Got it!',30)
     if style:
         self.menu()
Ejemplo n.º 11
0
 def clickMapSpecific(self, base, style=None):
     while True and not self.restart:
         GUI.drawLines(base, style)
         #add numberBox here - or in clickMapSpecific
         if style == None:
             UI.numBoxSetArray(base, self.numAttackers)
             UI.numBox()
             #could be handled with a none
             (x,y), click = getMouseClick(style)
         else:
             (x,y), click = getMouseClick()
         if y > 512:
             #handle for menu - button will not be live
             if 305 < x < 333 and 518 < y < 546:
                 Intro.menu()
                 if Data.reset == True:
                     logging.info('Restart selected')
                     self.breakMove()
                     if style == None:
                         return None
                     else:
                         return None, None 
             else:
                 continue
         else:
             waterBreak = True
             #set self.numAttackers without resetting from water click
             margin = 80
             for i in range(3):
                 if style == None and (405+margin*i) < x < (405+margin*i+30) and (470) < y < (470+30):
                     self.numAttackers = i+1
                     waterBreak = False
             p = GUI.MasterMap.get_at((x,y))
             #handle for water click reset
             if p[0] == 162 and style == None and waterBreak:
                 self.choice = False
                 logging.info('Water clicked - resetting')
                 UI.box2 = ('Resetting selected territory')
                 UI.box3 = ('Select territory to attack from')
                 UI.update()
                 GUI.highlight(base, False)
                 return False
             elif 0 < p[0] < 43:
                 #redistribute - only base or conquered territory
                 if type(style) is int and 0 < style < 43:
                     if p[0] == style or p[0] == base:
                         return p[0], click
                     else:
                         logging.info('Must be attacking or new territory')
                         UI.box3 = 'Must be attacking or new territory'
                         UI.update()
                         continue
                 else:
                     if p[0] not in Data.terrList[base].touch or p[0] != base:
                         logging.info('Territories must be touching')
                         UI.box2 = 'Territories must be touching'
                     if p[0] in Data.terrList[base].touch or p[0] == base:
                         #fortify - base or connected owned territories
                         if style == False:
                             if Data.terrList[p[0]].owner == self.player:
                                 return p[0], click
                             else:
                                 logging.info('Must choose your own territory')
                                 UI.box3 = 'Must choose your own territory'
                                 UI.update()
                                 continue
                         #attack - connected non-owned territories
                         elif style == None:
                             if Data.terrList[p[0]].owner != self.player:
                                 return p[0]
                             #handle for clicking same country - reset
                             elif p[0] == base:
                                 self.choice = False
                                 logging.info('Resetting selected territory')
                                 UI.box2 = ('Resetting selected territory')
                                 UI.box3 = ('Select territory to attack from')
                                 UI.update()
                                 GUI.highlight(p[0], False)
                                 return False
                             else:
                                 logging.info('Cannot attack owned territory')
                                 UI.box2 = 'Cannot attack owned territory'
                                 UI.update()
                                 continue
Ejemplo n.º 12
0
def getMouseClick(hover=False):
    pygame.event.pump()
    pygame.event.clear()
    while True:
        (x,y) = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
        #highlight playerToken when mouse hovers over it
        if 304 < x < 333 and 518 < y < 547:
            if UI.tokenHover == False:
                UI.tokenHover = True
                UI.playerToken()
        #highlight nextButton when mouse hovers over it
        elif hover and 617 < x < 717 and 518 < y < 547:
            if UI.nextHover == False:
                UI.nextHover = True
                UI.nextButton()
        #highlight numberBoxes when mouse hovers over it
        elif hover == None:
            click = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()
            margin = 80
            for i in range(3):
                if (405+margin*i) < x < (405+margin*i+30) and (470) < y < (470+30):
                    if UI.numBoxAr[i] == Data.playerList[Data.turn].color:
                        color = Data.playerList[Data.turn].bright
                        UI.makeButton(color,(405+margin*i),470,30,30,str(i+1),20)
                else:
                    color = UI.numBoxAr[i]
                    UI.makeButton(color,(405+margin*i),470,30,30,str(i+1),20)
        else:
            if UI.tokenHover == True:
                UI.tokenHover = False
                UI.playerToken()
            elif UI.nextHover == True:
                UI.nextHover = False
                UI.nextButton()
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
            #handle for left and right click. 1 for left click, 3 for right
            if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                if event.button == 1: 
                    return (event.pos, event.button)
                elif event.button == 3:
                    return (event.pos, event.button)                
Ejemplo n.º 13
0
 def confirm(self):
     msg = "Are you sure? This action cannot be undone."
     UI.makeButton(water,450,440,100,20,msg,17)
     UI.makeButton(black,365,470,110,35,'',0)
     UI.makeButton(green,370,475,100,25,'Yes',20)
     UI.makeButton(black,525,470,110,35,'',0)
     UI.makeButton(red,530,475,100,25,'No',20)
     confirm = True
     choice = False
     while confirm:
         pygame.event.pump()
         pygame.event.clear()
         mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
         click = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()
         for event in pygame.event.get():
             if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                 pygame.quit()
                 sys.exit()
         #highlight yes button and handle click
         if (365) < mouse[0] < (365+110) and (470) < mouse[1] < (470+35):
             UI.makeButton(brightGreen,370,475,100,25,'Yes',20)
             if click[0] == 1:
                 logging.info('Player clicked to restart')
                 choice = True
                 confirm = False
         #highlight no button and handle click
         elif (530) < mouse[0] < (530+110) and (470) < mouse[1] < (470+35):
             UI.makeButton(brightRed,530,475,100,25,'No',20)
             if click[0] == 1:
                 confirm = False
         else:
             UI.makeButton(green,370,475,100,25,'Yes',20)
             UI.makeButton(red,530,475,100,25,'No',20)
     if choice:
         Data.reset = True
         return False
     else:
         self.menu()
Ejemplo n.º 14
0
 def pickPlayer(self):
     UI.makeButton(black,0,0,GUI.width,GUI.height,'',0)
     UI.makeButton(grey,2,2,GUI.width-4,GUI.height-4,'',0)
     UI.makeButton(grey,250,100,500,100,'Get ready to start!',50)
     UI.makeButton(grey,250,200,500,100,'How many players?',40)
     margin = 130
     col = [red,blue,green,yellow,purple]
     bri = [brightRed,brightBlue,brightGreen,brightYellow,brightPurple]
     for i in range(5):
         c = col[i]
         UI.makeButton(black,(195+margin*i),345,90,90,'',0)
         UI.makeButton(c,(200+margin*i),350,80,80,str(i+2),38)
     picking = True
     numberPlayers = 0
     while picking:
         mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
         click = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()
         for event in pygame.event.get():
             if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                 pygame.quit()
                 sys.exit()
         #highlight number buttons
         for j in range(5):
             if (195+margin*j) < mouse[0] < (195+margin*j+90) and (345) < mouse[1] < (345+90):
                 c = bri[j]
                 UI.makeButton(c,(200+margin*j),350,80,80,str(j+2),38)
                 if click[0] == 1:
                     #get number of players
                     numberPlayers = j+2
                     picking = False
             else:
                 c = col[j]
                 UI.makeButton(c,(200+margin*j),350,80,80,str(j+2),38)
     logging.info(str(numberPlayers)+' players selected')
     return numberPlayers
Ejemplo n.º 15
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 def introMap(self):
     intro = True
     GUI.setMenu()
     msgA = "This map shows the different continents and the connections between territories."
     msgB = "Click the current player at token any time to see this map again."
     msgC = "Please note: the button to move to the next phase of your turn will be red when active or grey if action must be taken."
     msgAr = [msgA,msgB,msgC]
     UI.makeButton(black,0,512,GUI.width,100,'',0)
     UI.makeButton(grey,2,513,GUI.width-4,97,'',0)
     down = 30
     for i in range (3):
         UI.makeButton(grey,50,(520+down*i),900,20,msgAr[i],16)
     UI.makeButton(black,385,445,180,60,'',0)
     UI.makeButton(red,390,450,170,50,'Let\'s Play!',30)
     while intro:
         mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
         click = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()
         for event in pygame.event.get():
             if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                 pygame.quit()
                 sys.exit()
         if 390 < mouse[0] < 390+170 and 450 < mouse[1] < 500:
             UI.makeButton(brightRed,390,450,170,50,'Let\'s Play!',30)
             if click[0] == 1:
                 intro = False
         else:
             UI.makeButton(red,390,450,170,50,'Let\'s Play!',30)
Ejemplo n.º 16
0
 def menu(self):
     UI.info()
     GUI.setMenu()
     UI.makeButton(white,280,516,440,90,'',0)
     UI.makeButton(black,480,529,40,40,'',0)
     UI.makeButton(Data.playerList[Data.turn].color,485,534,30,30,'',0)
     UI.makeButton(white,440,578,120,20,Data.playerList[Data.turn].name,20)
     col = [red,yellow,green,blue]
     bri = [brightRed,brightYellow,brightGreen,brightBlue]
     msg = ['Resume','Restart','Tutorial','Hints']
     xInc = 255
     yInc = 49
     menu = True
     style = None
     for i in range(4):
         side = i%2
         down = i//2
         UI.makeButton(black,(305+side*xInc),(519+down*yInc),135,35,'',0)
         UI.makeButton(col[i],(310+side*xInc),(524+down*yInc),125,25,msg[i],25)
     while menu:
         pygame.event.pump()
         pygame.event.clear()
         mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
         click = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()
         for event in pygame.event.get():
             if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                 pygame.quit()
                 sys.exit()
         #highlight/get click if mouse enters player token
         if (480) < mouse[0] < (480+40) and (529) < mouse[1] < (529+40):
             UI.makeButton(Data.playerList[Data.turn].bright,485,534,30,30,'',0) 
             if click[0] == 1:
                 style = 0
                 menu = False
         else:
             UI.makeButton(Data.playerList[Data.turn].color,485,534,30,30,'',0)
         for j in range(4):
             side = j%2
             down = j//2
             #highlight/get click if mouse enters button
             if (305+side*xInc) < mouse[0] < (305+side*xInc+135) and (519+down*yInc) < mouse[1] < (519+down*yInc+35):
                 UI.makeButton(bri[j],(310+side*xInc),(524+down*yInc),125,25,msg[j],25)
                 if click[0] == 1:
                     style = j
                     menu = False
             else:
                 UI.makeButton(col[j],(310+side*xInc),(524+down*yInc),125,25,msg[j],25)
     #handle each button with appropriate method
     if style == 0:
         GUI.setMap()
     if style == 1:
         self.confirm()
     if style == 2:
         self.tutorial(True)
     if style == 3:
         self.hints()
Ejemplo n.º 17
0
 def clickMapAny(self, style=None):
     button = False
     if style != None:
         button = True
     while True and not self.restart:
         (x,y), click = getMouseClick(button)
         if y > 512:
             #handle for button and menu
             if 305 < x < 333 and 518 < y < 546:
                 Intro.menu()
                 if Data.reset == True:
                     logging.info('Restart selected')
                     self.breakMove()
                     if style == None:
                         return None, None
                     else:
                         return None
             if button and 618 < x < 717 and 518 < y < 546:
                 return False
             else:
                 continue
         else:
             p = GUI.MasterMap.get_at((x,y))
             #output not owned territory
             if 0 < p[0] < 43 and Data.terrList[p[0]].owner != self.player:
                 logging.info('Not your territory')
                 UI.box3 = 'Must select your own territory'
                 UI.update()
                 time.sleep(.05)
                 continue
             elif 0 < p[0] < 43 and Data.terrList[p[0]].owner == self.player:
                 #None for placing units
                 if style == None:
                     return p[0], click
                 #handle for right click
                 elif click == 3:
                     continue
                 #handle for too few units
                 elif click == 1 and Data.terrList[p[0]].units < 2:
                     GUI.highlight(p[0], True)
                     logging.info('Must have more than 1 unit')
                     UI.box3 = 'Must have more than 1 unit'
                     UI.update()
                     time.sleep(.05)
                     GUI.highlight(p[0], False)
                     continue
                 #attack/fortify
                 elif click == 1 and Data.terrList[p[0]].units > 1:
                     #make sure there are targets to pick from
                     targets = False
                     for i in Data.terrList[p[0]].touch:
                         #True for attack, False for fortify
                         if style and Data.terrList[i].owner != self.player:
                             UI.box2 = ('Select enemy territory to attack')
                             UI.box3 = ('Click water/same territory to reset')
                             UI.update()
                             targets = True
                             break
                         elif not style and Data.terrList[i].owner == self.player:
                             targets = True
                             UI.box3 = 'Territories must be touching'
                             break
                     #needs output to user
                     if targets:
                         GUI.highlight(p[0], True)
                         return p[0]
                     #handle for no enemies to attack
                     else:
                         GUI.highlight(p[0], True)
                         logging.info('No valid connecting territories')
                         UI.box3 = 'No valid connecting territories'
                         UI.update()
                         time.sleep(.05)
                         GUI.highlight(p[0], False)
                         continue
Ejemplo n.º 18
0
 def hints(self):
     UI.makeButton(black,0,0,GUI.width,GUI.height,'',0)
     UI.makeButton(grey,2,2,GUI.width-4,GUI.height-4,'',0)
     msgA = "Try to take the smaller continents like South America or Australia, especially early on."
     msgB = "If an opponent holds a continent, take one of its territories to prevent him getting the bonus."
     msgC = "Card cash is the key to victory – every subsequent amount will be larger than the last."
     msgD = "Eliminating opponents gives you their cards – try to string together multiple eliminations."
     msgE = "If you don’t have any good moves, if you can, try to take at least one territory to get cards for the round."
     msgF = "Attack with at least 3 attackers (meaning at least four units in the territory) for the best odds of success."
     msgG = "Consolidate your forces – if your attackers falls below 3, you reduce your odds of success."
     msgH = "When holding a continent, place troops at the borders rather than spreading throughout the continent."
     msgI = "Watch where your opponent fortifies his troops, it may tip you off to his next move."
     msgAr = [msgA,msgB, msgC, msgD, msgE, msgF, msgG, msgH, msgI]
     UI.makeButton(grey,250,40,500,50,'Here are some hints - hope they help!',45)
     down = 35
     for i in range(len(msgAr)):
         UI.makeButton(grey,150,(120+(down)*i),700,30,msgAr[i],18)
     UI.makeButton(black,385,480,180,60,'',0)
     UI.makeButton(red,390,485,170,50,'Got it!',30)
     hint = True
     while hint:
         mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
         click = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()
         for event in pygame.event.get():
             if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                 pygame.quit()
                 sys.exit()
         if (390) < mouse[0] < (390+170) and (480) < mouse[1] < (480+60):
             UI.makeButton(brightRed,390,485,170,50,'Got it!',30)
             if click[0] == 1:
                 hint = False
         else:
             UI.makeButton(red,390,485,170,50,'Got it!',30)
         pygame.display.update()
     self.menu()